link full download test bank for microbiology with diseases by body system 3rd edition by bauman

Test Bank for Microbiology with Diseases by Body
System 3rd Edition by Bauman
Chapter 21 Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
21.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which of the following vessels carries blood from the heart to the rest of
the body?
A) the aorta
B) the superior vena cava
C) the inferior vena cava
D) the pulmonary arteries
E) capillaries

2) Whole blood with the formed elements and clotting proteins removed is
called A) plasma.
B) lymph.
C) serum.
D) CSF.
E) axenic.
Answer: C
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Structure of the Cardiovascular System


3) Blood is found in which of the following areas of the heart just before it is
pumped into the lungs?
A) the left ventricle
B) the right atrium
C) the right ventricle
D) the superior vena cava
E) the left atrium

4) Which of the following types of bacterial toxins is associated exclusively
with Gram-negative bacteria?
A) endotoxin
B) cytotoxin
C) neurotoxin
D) both endotoxin and cytotoxin
E) both cytotoxin and neurotoxin
Answer: A

5) Infection of the lymphatic vessels is known
as A) disseminated intravascular coagulation.
B) bacteremia.
C) lymphangitis.


D) petechiae.
E) recurrent fever.
Answer: C
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
6) Toxic shock-like syndrome is associated with
A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
B) Staphylococcus pyogenes.
C) Streptococcus aureus.
D) Neisseria meningitidis.
E) Escherichia coli.
Answer: C
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
7) A person is brought to the emergency room with constant high fever,

extensive edema, low blood pressure, and petechiae. Which of the following may
the person be suffering from?
A) septicemia
B) plague
C) Lyme disease
D) brucellosis
E) infectious
mononucleosis Answer: A
Bloom’s Rank: Application


Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
8) Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a complication of which of the
following?
A) endocarditis
B) brucellosis
C) Lyme disease
D) malaria
E) septicemia
Answer: E

9) Vegetations are associated with which of the following disease
processes? A) septicemia
B) endocarditis
C) tularemia D)
plague
E) toxoplasmosis
Answer: B

10) Unprotected contact with the bodily fluids of an infected animal may result

in A) African sleeping sickness.
B) brucellosis.
C) blackwater fever.


D) Lyme disease.
E) toxoplasmosis.
Answer: B

Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
11) The chief diagnostic sign of brucellosis is
A) petechiae.
B) jaundice.
C) “bull’s eye” rash.
D) fever which recurs at 24 hour intervals.
E) fever which cycles every 72 hours.
Answer: D

Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
12) Which of the following statements concerning Francisella is FALSE?
A) It resists phagocytosis.
B) Humans are its only known
host. C) It is extremely infectious.
D)

It

cannot

be

treated

with

penicillins

or

cephalosporins. E) An attenuated vaccine is used for
high-risk individuals. Answer: B
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
13) Francisella can be transmitted by all of the following EXCEPT


A) a tick bite.
B) direct contact with an infected animal.
C) consumption of infected meat.
D) aerosols produced during animal slaughter.
E) direct contact with an infected person.
Answer: E
Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
14) The causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague is
A) Clostridium perfringens.
B) Yersinia pestis.
C) Francisella tularensis.
D) Borrelia burgdorferi.
E) Toxoplasma gondii.

Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
15) Which of the following is characteristic of Yersinia pestis
infections? A) petechiae
B) a “bull’s-eye” rash
C) jaundice
D) arthritis
E) buboes
Answer: E


Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
16) Which of the following is a means by which Borrelia burgdorferi evades the
body’s defenses?
A) It has a polysaccharide capsule.
B) It has manganese-containing enzymes.
C) It is capable of antigenic variation.
D) It has a polysaccharide capsule and antiphagocytic proteins.
E) It is capable of antigenic variation and has manganese-containing enzymes.

17) A bull’s-eye rash is associated with infections of which of the following?
A) Francisella tularensis
B) dengue virus
C) Borrelia burgdorferi
D) Epstein-Barr virus
E) Yersinia pestis

18) Which of the following diseases associated with Epstein-Barr virus is commonly
seen in AIDS patients?

A) infectious mononucleosis


B) Burkitt’s lymphoma
C) Hodgkin’s lymphoma
D) chronic fatigue syndrome
E) oral hairy leukoplakia
Answer: E

19) Epstein-Barr virus infections are typically asymptomatic in which of the
following groups?
A) the elderly
B) AIDS patients
C) adolescents
D) adults
E) young children
Answer: E

Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
20) “Black vomit” is associated with which of the following diseases?
A) malaria
B) dengue fever
C) Chagas’ disease
D) yellow fever
E) schistosomiasis
Answer: D


Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

21) Infection with which of the following species of Plasmodium is most likely to
be fatal?
A) P. malariae
B) P. vivax
C) P. ovale
D) P. falciparum
E) All of these can cause a fatal infection.

Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
22) Schizogony is an important aspect of which of the following
diseases? A) plague
B) malaria
C) toxoplasmosis
D) Chagas’ disease
E) schistosomiasis
Answer: B

Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
23) Dengue hemorrhagic fever is actually
A) an immediate immune reaction to the initial infection with dengue virus.
B) an antibody-antigen complex reaction.


C) a hyperimmune response to reinfection with dengue virus.
D) an autoimmune disease.
E) the chronic carrier state associated with dengue virus
infection. Answer: C
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
24) A young woman develops a fever after a recent trip to a Caribbean island. She

also experiences severe headache and pain “in the bones.” After a few days, she
also develops a rash. Which of the following did she most likely contract?
A) yellow fever virus
B) dengue virus
C) malaria
D) Toxoplasma
E) Chagas’ disease
Answer: B
Bloom’s Rank: Application
Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
25) Which of the following is transmitted by Aedes
mosquitoes? A) dengue fever
B) yellow fever
C) malaria

D) both dengue fever and yellow fever
E) dengue fever, yellow fever, and malaria
Answer: D


Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
26) A large number of people experience a high fever with a rash during the
summer months in a small country. Epidemiologists suspect an emerging disease.
Both Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes are endemic to the country. Researchers
are able to detect +ssRNA in the blood of fever victims and in some mosquitoes.
What type of pathogen might be responsible for the epidemic?
A) a herpesvirus
B) a flavivirus
C) Plasmodium

D) plague bacteria
E) a filovirus
Answer: B
Bloom’s Rank: Application
Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
27) Which of the following is known to be
teratogenic? A) Epstein-Barr virus
B) cytomegalovirus
C) Plasmodium

D) Borrelia
E) dengue virus
Answer: B
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
28) Ebola hemorrhagic fever is caused by which of the following virus types?


A) herpesviruses
B) flaviviruses
C) Epstein-Barr viruses
D) filoviruses
E) rhabdoviruses
Answer: D

29) Trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted by which of the following?
A) Triatoma bugs
B) Aedes mosquitoes
C) Ixodes ticks

D) fleas
E) sand flies
Answer: A

Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
30) Which of the following is the infective form of Trypanosoma cruzi?
A) epimastigotes
B) trypomastigotes
C) pseudocysts D)
amastigotes E)
miricidia Answer:
B


Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
31) Historically, physicians have used a procedure called xenodiagnosis to
diagnose which of the following diseases?
A) malaria
B) toxoplasmosis
C) yellow fever
D) Chagas’ disease
E) schistosomiasis

Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
32) Which of the following diseases is a major problem for AIDS patients?
A) Chagas’ disease
B) toxoplasmosis
C) hemorrhagic fevers
D) Lyme disease

E) brucellosis
Answer: B

Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
33) Which of the following statements concerning Toxoplasma infection is
correct? A) It is a rare infection.
B) It is transmitted by biting insects.


C) It is typically contracted by eating undercooked meat.
D) Freshwater snails are intermediate hosts.
E) In most individuals, the infection results in lasting damage to the
heart. Answer: C

Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
34) Microscopic identification of its spiny eggs is used in the diagnosis of
infections caused by
A) Schistosoma.
B) Trypanosoma.
C) Toxoplasma.
D) Plasmodium.
E) Borrelia.

Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
35) “Swimmer’s itch” is an initial symptom of which of the following?
A) malaria
B) Lyme disease
C) Chagas’ disease
D) tularemia
E) schistosomiasis

Answer: E
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge


Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
36) Another name for brucellosis is
A) blackwater fever.
B) yellow fever.
C) snail fever. D)
rabbit fever. E)
undulant fever.
Answer: E

Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
37) The normal hosts for Ebola viruses are
probably A) birds.
B) cats.
C) rodents.
D) bats. E)
humans.
Answer: D

Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
38) An indication of infection with Human herpesvirus 4 is
A) “swimmer’s itch.”
B) “bull’s eye” rash.
C) a bubo.
D) high fever and sore throat.

E) an ulcerating sore.
Answer: D
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
39) Which of the following diseases is currently vaccine-preventable in
humans? A) schistosomiasis
B) malaria
C) Lyme disease
D) plague
E) yellow fever
Answer: E

Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
40) A young man who is an avid outdoorsman goes to see his doctor complaining of
fever with chills, headache, nausea, and diarrhea. Blood tests show that he has low
levels of leukocytes and platelets. He may have contracted
A) brucellosis.
B) tularemia.
C) Lyme disease.
D) ehrlichiosis.
E) Chagas’ disease.
Answer: D
Bloom’s Rank: Application
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases


41) A person reports to a clinic complaining of fever and abdominal pain. The
abdomen is swollen, and blood tests indicate kidney damage. A stool sample is
examined under a microscope and found to contain eggs with a spine

projecting from its surface. The indications are consistent with infection with
A) Plasmodium falciparum.
B) Anaplasma phagocytophilium.
C) Schistosoma mansoni.
D) Toxoplasma gondii.
E) Trypanosoma cruzi.
Answer: C
Bloom’s Rank: Application
Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
21.2 True/False Questions
1) Lipid A causes disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Answer: TRUE
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
2) Only adult ticks of the genus Ixodes may feed on humans.
Answer: FALSE
Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
3) Small doses of antimicrobial drugs are effective in treatment of the late
stages of Borrelia infection because the microbe is extremely susceptible.
Answer: FALSE
Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension


Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
4) The terms “bacteremia” and “septicemia” are synonymous.
Answer: FALSE
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
5) Patients with occult septicemia are asymptomatic.

Answer: FALSE

6) The three developmental stages of Ehrlichia are the elementary body, the
initial body, and the morula.

7) Human herpesvirus 4 is better known as
cytomegalovirus. Answer: FALSE

8) Neither bubonic nor pneumonic plague can be spread from person to
person. Answer: FALSE

9) Vertical transmission of cytomegalovirus may occur in utero or at the time
of vaginal birth.


Answer: TRUE
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
10) Episodes of malaria become more and more severe with each recurrence
of symptoms.

Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
21.3 Short Answer Questions
1) The release of bacterial toxins into the blood leads to
__________. Answer: toxemia

2) Bacterial infection of the membrane lining the heart chambers and covering the
valves is called __________.

3) When bacteria in the bloodstream invade the bones, this leads to a

painful condition called __________.

4) Undulant fever is also known as __________.
Answer: brucellosis


Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
5) Historically, __________ occurred in three great pandemics; the most notable
one occurred in 14th-century Europe.
Answer: plague
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
6) One of the factors leading to the initial characterization of Lyme disease in
1975 was the greater-than-expected incidence of __________ among children.
Answer: arthritis
Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
7) Because of their small size, __________ of the tick genus Ixodes most often
transmit Lyme disease to humans.
Answer: nymphs
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
8) Epstein-Barr virus causes the cells it infects to become immortal because
it suppresses __________.
Answer: apoptosis
Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension
Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
9) Cytomegalovirus infection of the retina is now treated with __________, the
first antisense RNA drug.

Answer: fomivirsin
Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension


Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
10) Yellow fever is named for the jaundice caused by the disease’s damage to the
__________.
Answer: liver
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
11) The genus __________ includes dengue virus and yellow fever virus. (Be sure to
use capital letters appropriately.)
Answer: Flavivirus
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
12) Depletion of clotting proteins from the serum leads to the uncontrollable
hemorrhaging seen in __________ virus and Marburg virus infections. (Be sure to
use capital letters appropriately.)
Answer: Ebola
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
13) The sporogonic cycle of __________ takes place entirely within a
mosquito. Answer: malaria
Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension
Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
14) Another name for Chagas’ disease is American __________.
Answer: trypanosomiasis
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

15) True bugs in the genus __________ transmit Chagas’ disease. (Be sure to use capital
letters appropriately.)
Answer: Triatoma
Bloom’s Rank: Knowledge
Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
21.4 Essay Questions
1) Explain the difference between bacteremia and septicemia, and describe some
of the factors that can lead to septicemia.
Answer: Septicemia is a microbial infection of the blood that causes disease. Although
the terms bacteremia and septicemia are sometimes used interchangeably, bacteremia
technically refers to septicemia caused by bacteria in the bloodstream. The signs and
symptoms of bacteremia and septicemia are essentially the same, and both can lead to
adverse consequences such as toxemia, lymphangitis, or septic shock. To be able to
cause these problems, the bacteria involved in septicemia may possess capsules, have
the ability to capture iron from the host’s tissues, and/or release a variety of
endotoxins that ultimately damage host cells and tissues.

Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
2) Compare and contrast bubonic and pneumonic plague.
Answer: Both bubonic and pneumonic plague are caused by Yersinia pestis and are
transmitted by fleas that migrate between animal hosts and humans. However,
pneumonic plague is generally much more serious than bubonic plague, develops
more rapidly, and is more often fatal than bubonic plague. In addition, pneumonic
plague can occur when Yersinia pestis is inhaled, so it can be transmitted from
person to person. Bubonic plague is transmitted only by infected fleas. Treatment
and prevention of both diseases are similar: plague is easily treated by common
antibiotics such as tetracycline, and prevention involves rodent and flea control, as
well as good personal hygiene.

Bloom’s Rank: Analysis
Section: Bacterial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
3) List and describe the three stages of malaria, paying attention to the
various forms of the protozoan parasite present in each stage of the disease.


Answer: Two of the three stages of malaria occur in a human, and the third stage
occurs in mosquitoes. The human stages begin with the exoerythrocytic cycle, when
mosquitoes inject sporozoites into the bloodstream. These sporozoites reproduce
in the liver to form merozoites, which are released into the blood. Merozoites then
penetrate red blood cells and launch the second human stage, which is the
erythrocytic cycle. The merozoites become trophozoites inside red blood cells, and
these trophozoites can, in turn, reproduce to become more merozoites, which
spontaneously lyse the erythrocytes, causing the characteristic cycles of fever and
chills associated with malaria. Other merozoites develop into gametocytes, which
can be ingested by the female Anopheles mosquito to launch the third cycle, the
sporogonic cycle. These gametocytes go through a process of sexual reproduction
inside the mosquito, eventually resulting in the formation of sporozoites once again.
These sporozoites migrate to the mosquito’s salivary glands, and the malaria cycle
begins all over again.
Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension
Section: Protozoan and Helminthic Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
4) Compare and contrast dengue hemorrhagic fever and Ebola hemorrhagic
fever. Discuss both the pathogens and the pathology.
Answer: Both diseases are caused by RNA viruses. Both start with fever, headache
and muscle pain, then a rash develops, followed by bleeding. There is no specific
treatment for either disease and no vaccines are available to prevent them.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever is caused by a member of the Flaviviridae, a +ssRNA virus
with an icosahedral capsid. It is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. A first infection
with dengue virus does not lead to the hemorrhagic disease, but it is subsequent

infection that produces the hemorrhagic disease. Memory T cells produced in
response to the first infection are activated upon subsequent infection and release
inflammatory cytokines that trigger a hyperimmune response that results in
damage to blood vessels, internal bleeding, and may progress to shock from
excessive blood loss.
Ebola viruses are filamentous —ssRNA Filoviridae whose natural hosts are
thought to be bats. Humans become infected when handling an infected animal,
after which the virus can be transmitted from person to person by unprotected
contact with blood and other bodily fluids. Ebola virus infection initially triggers
excessive clotting which results in depletion of clotting factors, which in turn leads
to extensive internal hemorrhaging. Death results from massive shock and kidney
failure.


Bloom’s Rank: Analysis
Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases
5) How does the age of the infected individual play a role in the development
of Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4) infections such as infectious mononucleosis?
Answer: The symptoms of most Epstein-Barr infections result from a “war”
between the cellular and humoral divisions of the immune system. B cells are
infected by Epstein-Barr virus, and then cytotoxic T cells try to kill the infected B
cells. The younger an infected individual is, the less mature his or her cellular
immune system is, and the less effective it will be in causing symptoms during the
“war.” In fact, in young children, Epstein-Barr virus infections are usually
asymptomatic. The later in life an individual is infected with Epstein-Barr virus, the
more vigorous the cellular immune system is, and the more problematic and
symptomatic the infection becomes. On the other hand, however, a vigorous cellular
immune response also means that the infected B cells may be completely eradicated
from the body, resulting in no discernible disease in many individuals.
Bloom’s Rank: Comprehension

Section: Viral Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases