Test bank for consumer behavior 11th edition by schiffman and wisenblit download

Test Bank For Consumer Behavior 11th
Edition by Schiffman and Wisenblit
Chapter 12 Subcultures and Consumer Behavior
1) In addition to segmenting markets in terms of cultural factors, marketers also
segment societies into smaller ________ that consist of people who are similar
in terms of their ethnic origin, customs, and ways of behavior.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) micromarkets
B) individual markets
C) mass markets
D) subcultures
E) microsocieties

Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and
their relationships to American culture.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Reflective thinking
2) Ethnicity, religion, race, and age are examples of sociocultural and demographic
variables upon which ________ is/are based.
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

A) societal analysis
B) cross-national cultural analysis
C) societal classifications
D) subcultural divisions
E) cultural classifications


Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and
their relationships to American culture.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Application of knowledge
3) Members of a specific ________ possess beliefs, values, and customs that
set them apart from other members of the same society.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) subculture
B) demographic
C) trait
D) race

E) ideology

Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and
their relationships to American culture.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Reflective thinking
4) A distinct cultural group that exists as an identifiable segment within a
larger, more complex society is known as a(n) ________.
1. A) trait
2. B) subculture


3. C) race
4. D) religion
5. E) ideology
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and
their relationships to American culture.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Reflective thinking

5) When discussing subcultures, it is important to note that each individual could
be a member of ________.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) either the dominant culture or a subculture
B) one subculture only
C) two subcultures only
D) four subcultures at the most
E) many subcultures, as there is no limit

Answer: E
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and
their relationships to American culture.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Reflective thinking


6) The proportion of non-Hispanic/Caucasian whites in the U.S. population is
projected to ________ over the next several decades.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) increase
B) decrease
C) diffuse
D) remain at same level
E) dramatically rise

Answer: B
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and
their relationships to American culture.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
7) Subcultures are ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) mutually exclusive in terms of membership
B) a hindrance to market segmentation
C) dynamic and evolving
D) vastly different in values and beliefs from dominant American culture
E) static

Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept

Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and
their relationships to American culture.


Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Reflective thinking

8) In the United States, ________ percent of the American population is
foreign born. This shows how important nationality subcultures are.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) 7
B) 13
C) 19
D) 25
E) 31

Answer: B
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

9) Queens County (one of the five boroughs that make up the City of New York)
is one of the most multicultural counties in America, where ________ percent of
its residents were born outside the United States.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) 26
B) 36
C) 46
D) 56
E) 66


Answer: C
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
10) When it comes to consumer behavior, ancestral pride associated with
________ is manifested most strongly in the consumption of ethnic foods, in
travel to the “homeland,” and in the purchase of numerous cultural artifacts.
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

A) age subcultures
B) nationality subcultures
C) race subcultures
D) religious subcultures
E) gender subcultures

Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
11) The three primary ethnic subcultures in America, in order from most populous
to least populous, are ________.
1. A) Asian Americans, African Americans, and Latinos or Hispanics


2.
3.
4.
5.

B) Asian Americans, Latinos or Hispanics, and African Americans
C) African Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinos or Hispanics

D) African Americans, Latinos or Hispanics, and Asian Americans
E) Latinos or Hispanics, African Americans, and Asian Americans

Answer: E
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

12) The Hispanic American market is an example of which subculture?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) social class
B) ethnic
C) race
D) religious
E) gender

Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.

Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments


13) Ethnic clothing, art, music, and foreign-language newspapers are examples of
________ that can be associated with nationality subcultures.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) cultural artifacts
B) loyalty drivers
C) ambassadors
D) fixation products
E) cross-cultural bridges

Answer: A
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
14) Hispanic youths are more fashion conscious and are more likely to seek out
and be loyal to well-known brands than their non-Hispanic counterparts. This is an
example of a subcultural characteristic based on ________.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) age
B) ethnicity
C) religion
D) geographic region
E) gender

Answer: B
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.


Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

15) In contrast to other American population segments, Hispanic Americans are
________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) more religious
B) more populous
C) more patriotic
D) younger
E) more highly educated

Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
16) Which of the following is true of Hispanic-American households?
1. A) Hispanic Americans tend to be members of smaller families.
2. B) Hispanic Americans are less likely to live in an extended family
household.
3. C) Hispanic American households are less likely to contain children.
4. D) Hispanic Americans spend more time caring for their children.
5. E) The majority of all Hispanic Americans under the age of 18 living in
the United States were born in Latin America.
Answer: D


Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.

Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

17) Despite the various countries of origin of Hispanic Americans, this
subcultural group is often considered as a single market based on ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) age
B) nationality
C) geographic location
D) religion
E) language

Answer: E
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

18) ________ constitute the largest Hispanic subcultural group.
1. A) Cubans

2.
3.
4.
5.

B) Dominicans
C) Nicaraguans
D) Puerto Ricans
E) Mexicans

Answer: E
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
19) In relation to consumer behavior, less acculturated Hispanic consumers
________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) prefer well-established brands
B) traditionally shop at large grocery chains
C) are price- rather than fashion-conscious when it comes to clothing

D) prefer frozen to fresh or prepared food items
E) tend to be impulse buyers

Answer: A
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments


20) In relation to consumer behavior, less acculturated Hispanic consumers
________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) prefer new, undiscovered brands
B) traditionally shop at bodegas
C) are price- rather than fashion-conscious when it comes to clothing
D) prefer frozen to fresh or prepared food items
E) tend to be impulse buyers

Answer: B
Diff: 3
Skill: Application

Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

21) In relation to consumer behavior, young female Hispanic consumers ________
than non-Hispanic females.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) prefer new, undiscovered brands more
B) traditionally shop at large grocery chains more
C) are more price- rather than fashion-conscious when it comes to clothing
D) prefer frozen to fresh or prepared food items more
E) have a higher need for uniqueness

Answer: E
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.


Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior

AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
22) From a marketing viewpoint, the best way to target the Hispanic market is
on the basis of the group’s ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) Spanish surname
B) Spanish spoken at home
C) country of family ancestry
D) country of origin
E) personal ethnic identification

Answer: E
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

23) African American consumers currently have a purchasing power estimated
to have reached ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

A) $500 billion
B) $700 billion
C) $900 billion
D) $1 trillion
E) $1.5 trillion

Answer: D
Diff: 2


Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
24) Generally, the consumption habits of African American consumers are
a function of their ________ rather than their ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) ethnicity; brand loyalty
B) social standing; ethnicity
C) ethnicity; convenience
D) convenience; ethnicity

E) ethnicity; social standing

Answer: B
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
25) What is the fastest-growing American minority?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) African Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) Pacific Islanders
E) Russian Americans

Answer: B


Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.

Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
26) What is the most striking characteristic of Asian Americans?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) high level of educational attainment
B) common language
C) homogeneity
D) high concentrations in rural areas
E) low median household incomes

Answer: A
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

27) Relative to Hispanic and African American households, Asian
American households are more likely to ________.
1. A) have more buying power as a segment
2. B) have Internet access
3. C) be similar to each other

4. D) prefer English language ads
5. E) have low incomes
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
28) Which of the following is true of the consumer behavior of African
American consumers?
1. A) African American consumers prefer generic products.
2. B) African Americans are not brand loyal.
3. C) African Americans tend to buy high fashions and name brands as
“signals of their success.”
4. D) African American teens spend less on clothing and fine jewelry
than other U.S. teens.
5. E) African Americans tend to make fewer trips to the grocery store
during the course of the week.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

29) Which of the following is true of African Americans in relation to
marketing and media?
1. A) African American adults tend to place a great deal of trust in African
American-centric media.
2. B) Major advertisers targeting the African American market find specialized
agencies to provide no benefit over general advertising agencies.
3. C) Personal grooming and food products targeted to African Americans
are best advertised through mass media.
4. D) African Americans typically spend less time watching television
than Caucasians.
5. E) Few African Americans believe that most advertising is targeted to
white people.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

30) On a percentage basis, which of the following is the fastest-growing
American minority?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) African Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) Latin Americans
D) Asian Americans
E) Eastern European Americans


Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
31) ________ are considered to be largely family oriented, highly industrious,
and strongly driven to achieve a middle-class lifestyle.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) African Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) Latin Americans
D) Asian Americans
E) Eastern European Americans

Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
32) The largest Asian American subsegment is the ________ nationality.
1. A) Indian
2. B) Chinese
3. C) Japanese


4. D) Korean
5. E) Vietnamese
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

33) The subculture that is furthest from being homogeneous is the ________
subculture.
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

A) African American
B) Hispanic American
C) Asian American
D) Mexican American
E) Pacific Islander

Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments


34) ________ are the fastest-growing religious affiliation in America.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) Roman Catholics
B) Presbyterians
C) Baptists
D) Born-again Christians

E) Muslims

Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.3: To understand the impact of religious affiliations on consumer
behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
35) Protestant denominations, Roman Catholicism, and Judaism are the principal
organized subcultures based on ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) nationality
B) religion
C) age
D) gender
E) geographic location

Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.3: To understand the impact of religious affiliations on consumer
behavior.

Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

36) Christmas is the major gift-purchasing season of the year. This corresponds
with which type of subculture?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) racial
B) ethnic
C) age
D) religious
E) nationality

Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.3: To understand the impact of religious affiliations on consumer
behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Application of knowledge
37) Kosher seals on food items are placed to cater to a(n) ________ subculture.
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

A) ethnic
B) racial
C) religious
D) nationality
E) geographic location

Answer: C
Diff: 2


Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.3: To understand the impact of religious affiliations on consumer
behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
38) The South and Midwest prefer white soft bread; the East and West coasts prefer
firmer breads. This is an indication that marketers must recognize ________
subcultures.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) demographic
B) geographic
C) racial
D) ethnic
E) nationality

Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.4: To understand the influence of regional characteristics on
consumer behavior
Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on
marketing practices
AACSB: Application of knowledge

39) ________ are examples of subcultural categories based on geographic region.
1.
2.
3.
4.

A) Lower, middle, and upper
B) Greek, Italian, and Russian
C) Eastern, Southern, and Southwestern
D) Female and male


5. E) Teenagers, Generation Xers, and the elderly
Answer: C
Diff: 1

Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.4: To understand the influence of regional characteristics on
consumer behavior
Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on
marketing practices
AACSB: Application of knowledge

40) The fact that Skippy peanut butter is preferred on the coasts, and Jif is preferred
in the South and Midwest, is an indication that marketers must research
________ subcultures.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) demographic
B) geographic
C) racial
D) ethnic
E) religious

Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.4: To understand the influence of regional characteristics on
consumer behavior
Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on
marketing practices

AACSB: Application of knowledge


41) Which major metropolitan area of the United States has the
highest purchase/usage of mouthwash?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) New York
B) Atlanta
C) Boston
D) Chicago
E) Los Angeles

Answer: B
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.4: To understand the influence of regional characteristics on
consumer behavior
Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on
marketing practices
AACSB: Application of knowledge
42) Which major metropolitan area of the United States has the
highest purchase/usage of frozen yogurt?
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

A) New York
B) Atlanta
C) Boston
D) Chicago
E) Los Angeles

Answer: E
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.4: To understand the influence of regional characteristics on
consumer behavior


Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on
marketing practices
AACSB: Application of knowledge
43) The availability of ________ has allowed marketers to reallocate
resources (e.g. moving inventory around the country and shifting ad
expenditures) geographically in order to increase the profitability of brands.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) scanner data
B) topological factors

C) linguistic cues
D) content analysis
E) field observation

Answer: A
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.4: To understand the influence of regional characteristics on
consumer behavior
Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on
marketing practices
AACSB: Reflective thinking

44) Generation Y, Generation X, baby boomers, and seniors are four
subcultural segments based on ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A) race
B) age
C) gender
D) geographic location
E) religion

Answer: B