Chapter 12 Subcultures and Consumer Behavior
Test Bank For Consumer Behavior 11th Edition
by Schiffman and Wisenblit
Link download full: />1) In addition to segmenting markets in terms of cultural factors, marketers also
segment societies into smaller ________ that consist of people who are similar in
terms of their ethnic origin, customs, and ways of behavior.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) micromarkets
B) individual markets
C) mass markets
D) subcultures
E) microsocieties
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and
their relationships to American culture.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Reflective thinking
2) Ethnicity, religion, race, and age are examples of sociocultural and demographic
variables upon which ________ is/are based.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) societal analysis
B) cross-national cultural analysis
C) societal classifications
D) subcultural divisions
E) cultural classifications
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and
their relationships to American culture.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Application of knowledge
3) Members of a specific ________ possess beliefs, values, and customs that set
them apart from other members of the same society.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) subculture
B) demographic
C) trait
D) race
E) ideology
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and
their relationships to American culture.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Reflective thinking
4) A distinct cultural group that exists as an identifiable segment within a larger,
more complex society is known as a(n) ________.
1. A) trait
2. B) subculture
3. C) race
4. D) religion
5. E) ideology
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and
their relationships to American culture.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Reflective thinking
5) When discussing subcultures, it is important to note that each individual could
be a member of ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) either the dominant culture or a subculture
B) one subculture only
C) two subcultures only
D) four subcultures at the most
E) many subcultures, as there is no limit
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and
their relationships to American culture.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Reflective thinking
6) The proportion of non-Hispanic/Caucasian whites in the U.S. population is
projected to ________ over the next several decades.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) increase
B) decrease
C) diffuse
D) remain at same level
E) dramatically rise
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and
their relationships to American culture.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
7) Subcultures are ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) mutually exclusive in terms of membership
B) a hindrance to market segmentation
C) dynamic and evolving
D) vastly different in values and beliefs from dominant American culture
E) static
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.1: To understand the subcultures within the United States and
their relationships to American culture.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Reflective thinking
8) In the United States, ________ percent of the American population is foreign
born. This shows how important nationality subcultures are.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) 7
B) 13
C) 19
D) 25
E) 31
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
9) Queens County (one of the five boroughs that make up the City of New York) is
one of the most multicultural counties in America, where ________ percent of its
residents were born outside the United States.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) 26
B) 36
C) 46
D) 56
E) 66
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
10) When it comes to consumer behavior, ancestral pride associated with
________ is manifested most strongly in the consumption of ethnic foods, in travel
to the “homeland,” and in the purchase of numerous cultural artifacts.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) age subcultures
B) nationality subcultures
C) race subcultures
D) religious subcultures
E) gender subcultures
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
11) The three primary ethnic subcultures in America, in order from most populous
to least populous, are ________.
1. A) Asian Americans, African Americans, and Latinos or Hispanics
2.
3.
4.
5.
B) Asian Americans, Latinos or Hispanics, and African Americans
C) African Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinos or Hispanics
D) African Americans, Latinos or Hispanics, and Asian Americans
E) Latinos or Hispanics, African Americans, and Asian Americans
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
12) The Hispanic American market is an example of which subculture?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) social class
B) ethnic
C) race
D) religious
E) gender
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
13) Ethnic clothing, art, music, and foreign-language newspapers are examples of
________ that can be associated with nationality subcultures.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) cultural artifacts
B) loyalty drivers
C) ambassadors
D) fixation products
E) cross-cultural bridges
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
14) Hispanic youths are more fashion conscious and are more likely to seek out
and be loyal to well-known brands than their non-Hispanic counterparts. This is an
example of a subcultural characteristic based on ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) age
B) ethnicity
C) religion
D) geographic region
E) gender
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
15) In contrast to other American population segments, Hispanic Americans are
________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) more religious
B) more populous
C) more patriotic
D) younger
E) more highly educated
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
16) Which of the following is true of Hispanic-American households?
1. A) Hispanic Americans tend to be members of smaller families.
2. B) Hispanic Americans are less likely to live in an extended family
household.
3. C) Hispanic American households are less likely to contain children.
4. D) Hispanic Americans spend more time caring for their children.
5. E) The majority of all Hispanic Americans under the age of 18 living in the
United States were born in Latin America.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
17) Despite the various countries of origin of Hispanic Americans, this subcultural
group is often considered as a single market based on ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) age
B) nationality
C) geographic location
D) religion
E) language
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
18) ________ constitute the largest Hispanic subcultural group.
1. A) Cubans
2.
3.
4.
5.
B) Dominicans
C) Nicaraguans
D) Puerto Ricans
E) Mexicans
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
19) In relation to consumer behavior, less acculturated Hispanic consumers
________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) prefer well-established brands
B) traditionally shop at large grocery chains
C) are price- rather than fashion-conscious when it comes to clothing
D) prefer frozen to fresh or prepared food items
E) tend to be impulse buyers
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
20) In relation to consumer behavior, less acculturated Hispanic consumers
________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) prefer new, undiscovered brands
B) traditionally shop at bodegas
C) are price- rather than fashion-conscious when it comes to clothing
D) prefer frozen to fresh or prepared food items
E) tend to be impulse buyers
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
21) In relation to consumer behavior, young female Hispanic consumers ________
than non-Hispanic females.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) prefer new, undiscovered brands more
B) traditionally shop at large grocery chains more
C) are more price- rather than fashion-conscious when it comes to clothing
D) prefer frozen to fresh or prepared food items more
E) have a higher need for uniqueness
Answer: E
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
22) From a marketing viewpoint, the best way to target the Hispanic market is on
the basis of the group’s ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) Spanish surname
B) Spanish spoken at home
C) country of family ancestry
D) country of origin
E) personal ethnic identification
Answer: E
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
23) African American consumers currently have a purchasing power estimated to
have reached ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) $500 billion
B) $700 billion
C) $900 billion
D) $1 trillion
E) $1.5 trillion
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
24) Generally, the consumption habits of African American consumers are a
function of their ________ rather than their ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) ethnicity; brand loyalty
B) social standing; ethnicity
C) ethnicity; convenience
D) convenience; ethnicity
E) ethnicity; social standing
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
25) What is the fastest-growing American minority?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) African Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) Pacific Islanders
E) Russian Americans
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
26) What is the most striking characteristic of Asian Americans?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) high level of educational attainment
B) common language
C) homogeneity
D) high concentrations in rural areas
E) low median household incomes
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
27) Relative to Hispanic and African American households, Asian American
households are more likely to ________.
1. A) have more buying power as a segment
2. B) have Internet access
3. C) be similar to each other
4. D) prefer English language ads
5. E) have low incomes
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
28) Which of the following is true of the consumer behavior of African American
consumers?
1. A) African American consumers prefer generic products.
2. B) African Americans are not brand loyal.
3. C) African Americans tend to buy high fashions and name brands as “signals
of their success.”
4. D) African American teens spend less on clothing and fine jewelry than
other U.S. teens.
5. E) African Americans tend to make fewer trips to the grocery store during
the course of the week.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
29) Which of the following is true of African Americans in relation to marketing
and media?
1. A) African American adults tend to place a great deal of trust in African
American-centric media.
2. B) Major advertisers targeting the African American market find specialized
agencies to provide no benefit over general advertising agencies.
3. C) Personal grooming and food products targeted to African Americans are
best advertised through mass media.
4. D) African Americans typically spend less time watching television than
Caucasians.
5. E) Few African Americans believe that most advertising is targeted to white
people.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
30) On a percentage basis, which of the following is the fastest-growing American
minority?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) African Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) Latin Americans
D) Asian Americans
E) Eastern European Americans
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
31) ________ are considered to be largely family oriented, highly industrious, and
strongly driven to achieve a middle-class lifestyle.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) African Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) Latin Americans
D) Asian Americans
E) Eastern European Americans
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
32) The largest Asian American subsegment is the ________ nationality.
1. A) Indian
2. B) Chinese
3. C) Japanese
4. D) Korean
5. E) Vietnamese
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
33) The subculture that is furthest from being homogeneous is the ________
subculture.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) African American
B) Hispanic American
C) Asian American
D) Mexican American
E) Pacific Islander
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.2: To understand the influence of nationality and ethnicity
subcultures on consumer behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
34) ________ are the fastest-growing religious affiliation in America.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) Roman Catholics
B) Presbyterians
C) Baptists
D) Born-again Christians
E) Muslims
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.3: To understand the impact of religious affiliations on consumer
behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
35) Protestant denominations, Roman Catholicism, and Judaism are the principal
organized subcultures based on ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) nationality
B) religion
C) age
D) gender
E) geographic location
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.3: To understand the impact of religious affiliations on consumer
behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
36) Christmas is the major gift-purchasing season of the year. This corresponds
with which type of subculture?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) racial
B) ethnic
C) age
D) religious
E) nationality
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.3: To understand the impact of religious affiliations on consumer
behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Application of knowledge
37) Kosher seals on food items are placed to cater to a(n) ________ subculture.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) ethnic
B) racial
C) religious
D) nationality
E) geographic location
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.3: To understand the impact of religious affiliations on consumer
behavior.
Learning Outcome: 14: Explain how membership in ethnic, religious, and racial
subcultures influences consumer behavior
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
38) The South and Midwest prefer white soft bread; the East and West coasts
prefer firmer breads. This is an indication that marketers must recognize ________
subcultures.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) demographic
B) geographic
C) racial
D) ethnic
E) nationality
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.4: To understand the influence of regional characteristics on
consumer behavior
Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on
marketing practices
AACSB: Application of knowledge
39) ________ are examples of subcultural categories based on geographic region.
1.
2.
3.
4.
A) Lower, middle, and upper
B) Greek, Italian, and Russian
C) Eastern, Southern, and Southwestern
D) Female and male
5. E) Teenagers, Generation Xers, and the elderly
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.4: To understand the influence of regional characteristics on
consumer behavior
Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on
marketing practices
AACSB: Application of knowledge
40) The fact that Skippy peanut butter is preferred on the coasts, and Jif is
preferred in the South and Midwest, is an indication that marketers must research
________ subcultures.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) demographic
B) geographic
C) racial
D) ethnic
E) religious
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.4: To understand the influence of regional characteristics on
consumer behavior
Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on
marketing practices
AACSB: Application of knowledge
41) Which major metropolitan area of the United States has the highest
purchase/usage of mouthwash?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) New York
B) Atlanta
C) Boston
D) Chicago
E) Los Angeles
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.4: To understand the influence of regional characteristics on
consumer behavior
Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on
marketing practices
AACSB: Application of knowledge
42) Which major metropolitan area of the United States has the highest
purchase/usage of frozen yogurt?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) New York
B) Atlanta
C) Boston
D) Chicago
E) Los Angeles
Answer: E
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Learning Obj: 12.4: To understand the influence of regional characteristics on
consumer behavior
Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on
marketing practices
AACSB: Application of knowledge
43) The availability of ________ has allowed marketers to reallocate resources
(e.g. moving inventory around the country and shifting ad expenditures)
geographically in order to increase the profitability of brands.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) scanner data
B) topological factors
C) linguistic cues
D) content analysis
E) field observation
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Skill: Concept
Learning Obj: 12.4: To understand the influence of regional characteristics on
consumer behavior
Learning Outcome: 1: Define consumer behavior and describe its influence on
marketing practices
AACSB: Reflective thinking
44) Generation Y, Generation X, baby boomers, and seniors are four subcultural
segments based on ________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A) race
B) age
C) gender
D) geographic location
E) religion
Answer: B