Test bank for success in practical vocational nursing from student to leader 7th edition by hill howlett

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Chapter 10: Nursing Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The three concepts considered important to nursing are person, health,
and
a.

socialization.

b.

procedure.

c.

environment.

d.

theory.

ANS: C
The three concepts important to nursing are person (recipient of care), health
(the goal of nursing), and environment (the setting where nursing care takes
place). The remaining options are not considered concepts important to

nursing.


DIF:

Cognitive Level: Knowledge

TOP: Rationale for nursing theories

REF: p. 110

OBJ: 1

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

2. The LPN/LVN is caring for a postoperative appendectomy patient.
When assessing the patient for pain, the nurse documents that the
patient reports pain rating an “8” on a scale of 0 to 10. According to
Sister Callista Roy’s adaptation model, a patient experiencing pain
would be an example of
a.

focal stimuli.

b.

contextual stimuli.

c.

residual stimuli.

d.

physiological stimuli.

ANS: A
Sister Roy’s adaptation model identifies the types of stimuli as focal,
contextual, and residual. Physiological stimuli is not a type included in Sister
Roy’s theory. Focal stimuli refers to something direct, such as a patient
experiencing pain. Contextual stimuli refers to other factors that affect the
focal stimuli, such as being examined in the area of pain. Residual
stimuli refers to both internal and external factors that may not always be
evident.


DIF:

Cognitive Level: Application

TOP: Nursing theories

REF: p. 113

OBJ: 2

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

3. The nursing instructor provides positive feedback to the student
LPN/LVN after observing the student administer an intramuscular
injection to a patient. According to Maslow’s human needs theory, the
instructor is helping to meet the student’s
a.

physiological needs.

b.

safety needs.

c.

love and belonging needs.

d.

esteem needs.

ANS: D
According to Maslow’s human needs theory, esteem needs include respect
and recognition. The instructor is assisting the student to earn a positive
sense of self. Physiological needs include oxygen, food, water, elimination,
safety, sleep, activity, mental stimulation, and sexual procreation. Safety
needs include security, freedom from harm, and protection. Love and
belonging needs are defined as love, affection, and companionship.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Application

TOP: Nursing theories

REF: p. 112

OBJ: 2

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

4. Quantitative research studies are considered
a.

subjective studies.

b.

grounded theory studies.

c.

objective studies.

d.

phenomenological studies.

ANS: C
Quantitative research studies are objective studies. Qualitative research
studies are subjective studies. Phenomenology is a type of qualitative study
used to study lived experiences. Grounded theory studies describe a process
that people use to deal with problem areas of their lives and are considered
qualitative research.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 114

TOP: Nursing research
MSC: NCLEX: N/A

OBJ: 4

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A


5. The level of nurse qualified to design and implement research studies
and publish findings is a nurse with a
a.

research doctorate.

b.

practice doctorate.

c.

master’s degree.

d.

baccalaureate degree.

ANS: A
Nurses with a research doctorate design and implement research studies and
publish findings. Nurses with a practice doctorate review present research and
formulate evidence-based protocols. Nurses at the master’s level formulate
research questions and evaluate the effect of evidence-based solutions on
nursing problems. Nurses with a baccalaureate degree identify questions that
need to be studied, critique published research, and use evidence as
solutions to nursing problems.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Knowledge

TOP: Nursing Research
MSC: NCLEX: N/A

REF: p. 115

OBJ: 4

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

6. The nursing theory that is most likely to be implemented by the nurse as
a basis for developing a therapeutic relationship with the adult or child
psychiatric patients is
a.

Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs theory.

b.

Jean Watson’s theory of human care.

c.

Orem’s self-care deficit theory.

d.

Peplau’s interpersonal relations theory.

ANS: D
Nurses who work with adult or child psychiatric patients are more likely to use
Peplau’s interpersonal relations theory as a basis for developing a therapeutic
relationship with the patient. The relationship that is developed has certain
parameters and is the major part of the treatment.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Application

TOP: Nursing Theories

REF: p. 112

OBJ: 2

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

7. A guest speaker is addressing a group of practical nursing students.
The speaker informs the students that she is actively pursuing a
doctoral degree in research and is in the process of collecting and
measuring numerical data using statistics to describe variables of this


study. The nursing students are aware that this type of study is most
likely a
a.

quantitative research study.

b.

subjective research study.

c.

qualitative research study.

d.

grounded theory research study.

ANS: A
A quantitative research study is an objective study in which a variable is the
event the researcher is trying to measure. Numerical data is collected and
measured using statistics to describe variables, examine relationships among
variables, or determine cause and effect interactions between variables.
Qualitative research studies are subjective and provide a narrative description
of the “lived experience” of individuals. Grounded theory research studies are
a type of qualitative research study that describe a process that people use to
deal with problem areas of their lives.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Analysis

TOP: Nursing research
MSC: NCLEX: N/A

REF: p. 114

OBJ: 4

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A


8. The National League of Nursing (NLN) expects the practical/vocational

nurse’s main role in evidence-based practice to be to:
a.

challenge the status quo.

b.

identify questions that need to be studied.

c.

formulate evidence-based protocols.

d.

question the basis for nursing actions.

ANS: D
Practical/vocational nurses question the basis for nursing actions by
considering research, evidence, tradition, and patient preference. Associate
degree/diploma nurses challenge the status quo. Nurses with a baccalaureate
degree identify questions that need to be studied. Nurses with a practice
doctorate formulate evidence-based protocols.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 116

TOP: Evidence-based practice

OBJ: 10

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

9. A newly admitted patient reports to the practical nurse that she is
“hungry.” The nurse confirms that the patient is on a regular diet and
promptly retrieves a meal and provides it to the patient. According to
Maslow’s needs theory, the nurse is meeting the patient’s


a.

physiological needs.

b.

safety needs.

c.

self-actualization need.

d.

love and belonging needs.

ANS: A
Physiological needs include oxygen, food, water, elimination, safety, sleep,

activity, mental stimulation, and sexual procreation. Safety needs include
security, freedom from harm, and protection. Self-actualization is the highest
level of needs. This involves maximum realization and fulfillment of the
individual’s potential. Love and belonging needs include love, affection, and
companionship.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Application

TOP: Nursing theories

REF: pp. 111-112 OBJ: 2
KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

10.
a.

The health belief theory was developed by
Leininger.


b.

Watson.

c.

Rosenstock.

d.

Orem.

ANS: C
Irwin Rosenstock developed the health belief theory, which tries to explain the
reasons a person will or will not take action to prevent or detect illness.
Leininger developed the culture care theory. Watson developed the theory of
human care. Orem’s theory is the self-care deficit theory.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Knowledge

TOP: Nursing theories

REF: p. 113

OBJ: 2

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

11.
According to the culture care theory, the two kinds of care in every
culture are
a.

practical and generic.

b.

generic and professional.


c.

professional and nonprofessional.

d.

practical and professional.

ANS: B
According to the culture care theory, the two kinds of care in every culture are
generic and professional care. Generic care refers to home remedies used in
care, and professional care is provided by people who are specifically trained
to provide care. The other options do not correctly reflect the two kinds of care
addressed in the culture care theory.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 112

TOP: Nursing theories

OBJ: 2

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

COMPLETION

1. ______________________________ was the first to emphasize the
environment as influencing the course of illness and is often spoken of
as the first nursing theorist.

ANS:
Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale was the first to emphasize environment: ventilation,
warmth, noise, light, and cleanliness. Nightingale is often spoken of as the first


nursing theorist. Nightingale felt strongly that environmental issues influenced
the course of illness.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Knowledge

TOP: Nursing theorists

REF: p. 110

OBJ: 1

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

2. An independent, not-for-profit organization established in 1993 with the
purpose of preparing and promoting the accessibility of a collection of
evidence-based health care interventions obtained by systematic
reviews of research is known as the
____________________________________.

ANS:
Cochrane Collaboration
In 1993, the Cochrane Collaboration, an independent, not-for-profit
organization, was established to prepare and promote the accessibility of
Cochrane Reviews, a collection of evidence-based health care interventions
obtained by systematic reviews of research.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Knowledge

TOP: Evidence-based practice

REF: p. 114

OBJ: 6

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

3. In 2010, the _____________________________________ established
competencies for nursing graduates at all levels.


ANS:
National League for Nursing (NLN)
In 2010, the National League for Nursing (NLN) established competencies of
nursing graduates at all levels.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Knowledge

TOP: Evidence-based practice

REF: p. 115

OBJ: 8

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. According to Watson’s theory of human care, health is harmony of what
factors? (Select all that apply.)
a.

People

b.

Body

c.

Environment

d.

Spirit

e.

Mind


ANS: B, D, E
According to Watson’s theory of human care, health is harmony of the body,
mind, and spirit. It also involves self-perception and how the self is
experienced. People and the environment are not specific components of this
theory.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 114

TOP: Nursing theories

OBJ: 2

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

2. Which of the following are the elements of evidence-based practice?
(Select all that apply.)
a.

Patient preferences

b.

Basic needs

c.

Best research evidence

d.

Nurse’s clinical expertise

e.

Hypothesis

ANS: A, C, D

The elements of evidence-based practice essentially form a triangle. They
are: best research evidence, the nurse’s clinical expertise, and patient
preferences.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Knowledge

TOP: Evidence-based practice

REF: p. 115

OBJ: 6

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

3. According to the adaptation model, interdependence is related to which
of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a.

Role in society

b.

Spiritual aspects

c.

Love

d.

Respect

e.

Values

ANS: C, D, E
According to the adaptation model, interdependence is related to love,
respect, and values and can include the patient’s support system. Self-


concepts are related to psychological and spiritual aspects of the patient. Role
functions as the patient’s role in society.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Knowledge

TOP: Nursing theories

REF: p. 113

OBJ: 2

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

4. In regard to research and evidence-based practice, the National League
of Nursing (NLN) expects nurses at the master’s level to do which of the
following? (Select all that apply.)
a.

Design research studies

b.

Publish research finding

c.

Formulate research questions

d.

Evaluate the effect of evidence-based
solutions on nursing problems

e.

Implement research studies

ANS: C, D
The National League of Nursing (NLN) expects nurses at the master’s level to

formulate research questions and evaluate the effect of evidence-based


solutions on nursing problems. Nurses with a research doctorate design and
implement research studies and publish findings.

DIF:

Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 115

TOP: Evidence-based practice

OBJ: 5

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

5. Which of the following are the three subtheories of Dorothea Orem’s
self-care deficit theory? (Select all that apply.)
a.

Self care

b.

Self-care deficit

c.

Self-actualization

d.

Nursing system

e.

Cultural care

ANS: A, B, D
Dorthea Orem’s self-care deficit theory is a general theory with three
subtheories: self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing system. Self-actualization
is a component of Maslow’s needs theory. Cultural care is a component of
Leininger’s culture care theory.


DIF:

Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 112

TOP: Nursing theories

OBJ: 2

KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: N/A

6. Research studies in nursing are important because they generate

knowledge for which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a.

Clinical practice

b.

Surgical procedures

c.

Nursing education

d.

Delivery of nursing

e.

Prescribing medications