Addison wesley the XML schema complete reference sep 2002 ISBN 0672323745

XMLSchemaCompleteReference,The
ByCliffBinstock,DavePeterson,MitchellSmith,
MikeWooding,ChrisDix,ChrisGaltenberg


Publisher :AddisonWesley
PubDate :September27,2002
ISBN :0-672-32374-5
Pages :1008
WiththesuccessfulimplementationofXMLSchema,developersarelearninghowto
increaseproductivity,improvesoftwarereliability,minimizedevelopmenttime,and
decreasetimetomarket.Thisin-depthreferenceisanall-in-oneresourcedesignedto
helpdevelopersleveragethepowerandpotentialofXMLschemasbyofferinga
completeroadmaptotheircreation,design,anduse.

Thisauthoritativereferenceandtutorialisfilledwithpracticalinsightsand
detailedexamples.Thebookbeginsbyprovidingaconceptualintroductionto
XMLSchema.Fromthere,coverageshiftstotheW3CSchema
Recommendationandhowtoapplyschemastospecificbusinessgoals.The
authorsprovideinsightandinstructionthroughoutonintegratingXMLschemas
intoexistingtechnologiessuchas.NET,Java,VisualBasic,Oracle,andmore.
Thebookconcludeswithacompletecasestudydesignedtoreinforceand
illustratematerialcovered.
Additionaltopicsinclude:



Tableof
•
Contents

Applicationsforschemas
Simpleandcomplextypes
XMLschemaprocessingandvalidation
NamespacesinXML
UsingschemaswithDOMandSAX
XMLschemadocumentsyntax
XMLInformationSets
XMLSchemaapplicationsofXPath
Whetherdesigningaschemafromscratchorintegratingschemasinto
contemporarytechnologies,TheXMLSchemaCompleteReferenceisthemost
completeanddefinitivesourcebookavailablefortheXMLSchema
environment.


777
Copyright


Preface



TheHistory



TheBook

TheWebSite



TheValue




Acknowledgments



AbouttheAuthors



PartI:XMLSchemaOverview



Chapter1.Introduction



Section1.1.WhyXML?



Section1.2.WhyXMLSchemas?

Section1.3.TheWorldWideWebConsortium(W3C)Recommendations



Section1.4.Object-orientedConcepts



Section1.5.UnifyingTerminology



Section1.6.ThematicExamples



Section1.7.CreatinganXMLSchemaDocument



Section1.8.TypesettingConventions



Section1.9.OnlineResources

Chapter2.XMLProcessing



Section2.1.Basics



Section2.2.XMLStructureBeforeandAfterParsing



Section2.3.SchemaProcessing




Chapter3.XMLNamespaces



Section3.1.UniformResourceNamesandUniformResourceLocators



Section3.2.NamespaceComponents

Section3.3.DeclaringNamespaces



Section3.4.QualifiedNamesandQNames



Section3.5.NamespaceScoping



Section3.6.XMLSchemaandNamespaces




Chapter4.XPathandXPointer



Section4.1.XPath



Section4.2.XPointer

Chapter5.TheStructureofDocumentsandSchemas



Section5.1.XMLDocuments



Section5.2.TheXMLInformationSet




Section5.3.IntroductiontothePSVI



Section5.4.IntroductiontoSchemas



Section5.5.SchemaDocuments






PartII:CreatingXMLSchemaDocuments

Chapter6.OverviewofanXMLSchemaDocument



Section6.1.TheEnclosingschemaElement



Section6.2.Namespaces



Section6.3.Scope



Section6.4.AnnotatingElements



Section6.5.ConstrainingElements



Section6.6.ConstrainingAttributes



Section6.7.SimpleTypes

Section6.8.ComplexTypes



Section6.9.ModelGroups



Section6.10.SubstitutionGroups



Section6.11.Instantiability



Section6.12.IdentityConstraintDefinitions



Section6.13.Notations



Section6.14.ImportsandIncludes

Section6.15.LocatingXMLSchemasandXMLSchemaComponents



Section6.16.SchemaElementIDs




Chapter7.CreatinganXMLSchemaDocument



Section7.1.ASimpleXMLSchemaDocumentExample



Section7.2.AschemaElementwithEveryAttribute



Section7.3.ConceptsandObservations



Section7.4.TheschemaElement



Section7.5.TheannotationElement

Section7.6.TheappinfoElement



Section7.7.ThedocumentationElement



Section7.8.TheincludeElement



Section7.9.TheimportElement



Section7.10.ThenotationElement



Section7.11.TheredefineElement




Chapter8.ElementTypes

Section8.1.AnExampleofaTrivialElementType



Section8.2.ConceptsandObservations




Section8.3.TheelementElement



Section8.4.TheanyElement




Chapter9.AttributeTypes



Section9.1.AnExampleofanAttributeType



Section9.2.AnExampleofaNamedAttribute-useGroup

Section9.3.AnExampleofanyAttribute



Section9.4.ConceptsandObservationsRegardingAttributeTypes



Section9.5.TheattributeElement



Section9.6.TheattributeGroupElement



Section9.7.TheanyAttributeElement







Section10.1.AnExampleofaSimpleTypeDerivedfromtheBuilt-in

tokenDatatype

Chapter10.SimpleTypes



Section10.2.AnExampleofaPattern-constrainedSimpleType
Section10.3.AnExampleofaSimpleTypeDerivedfromaUser-derived
SimpleType



Section10.4.ConceptsandObservations



Section10.5.ThesimpleTypeElement



Section10.6.TherestrictionElement



Section10.7.ThelistElement



Section10.8.TheunionElement

Chapter11.ComplexTypes
Section11.1.AnExampleofaComplexTypeSpecifyingEmptyContent



Section11.2.AnExampleofaComplexTypeThatAddsAttributestoa
SimpleType



Section11.3.AnExampleofaComplexTypeSpecifyingNestedElement
Types



Section11.4.AnExampleofaComplexTypeSpecifyingMixedContent



Section11.5.ConceptsandObservations

Section11.6.ThecomplexTypeElement



Section11.7.ThesimpleContentElement



Section11.8.ThecomplexContentElement



Section11.9.TheextensionElement



Section11.10.TherestrictionElement






Section11.11.TheallElement




Section11.12.ThechoiceElement

Section11.13.ThesequenceElement



Section11.14.ThegroupElement




Chapter12.Built-inDatatypes



Section12.1.NumericDatatypes



Section12.2.Date,Time,andDurationDatatypes



Section12.3.StringDatatypes



Section12.4.OddballDatatypes

Chapter13.IdentityConstraints



Section13.1.IdentityConstraintExample



Section13.2.ConceptsandObservations



Section13.3.TheuniqueElement



Section13.4.ThekeyElement



Section13.5.ThekeyrefElement



Section13.6.TheselectorElement

Section13.7.ThefieldElement




Chapter14.RegularExpressions



Section14.1.ConceptsandObservations



Section14.2.RegularExpressionSyntax



Section14.3.ConstrainingSimpleContent





PartIII:Validation



Chapter15.XMLSchemaComponentDetail

Section15.1.Schemas:TheBasicIdea



Section15.2.Schema(SchemaSchemaComponent)



Section15.3.AttributeTypes



Section15.4.ElementTypes



Section15.5.Annotation(AnnotationSchemaComponent)



Section15.6.Notation(NotationDeclarationSchemaComponent)




Chapter16.PSVIDetail

Section16.1.SchemaValidationandSchemaProcessing



Section16.2.ThePSVI








Chapter17.JavaandtheApacheXMLProject



Section17.1.ApacheBackground



Section17.2.JavaXercesonYourComputer



Section17.3."HelloApache"



Section17.4.CriticalXercesPackages

Section17.5.XercesJavaDOMIn-depth



Section17.6.JavaXercesSAXIn-depth




Chapter18.MSXMLandtheSchemaObjectModel(SOM)



Section18.1.IntroducingMSXML



Section18.2.ConceptsandObservations



Section18.3.XMLSchemaExamples



Section18.4.MSXMLFundamentals

Section18.5.SchemaObjectModel(SOM)



Section18.6.Validation



Section18.7.Example:XMLSchemaTree






PartIV:Result-orientedSchemas
Chapter19.Object-orientedSchemas



Section19.1.ConceptsandObservations



Section19.2.Object-orientedConcepts

Section19.3.XMLSchemasandObjects



Section19.4.MappingXMLSchemastoObject-orientedLanguages



Section19.5.SampleSchema:party.xsd



Section19.6.DesignPatterns



Section19.7.LanguageExamples




Chapter20.Document-orientedSchemas



Section20.1.WhyUseXMLforDocuments?



Section20.2.CreatingaSchemaforaSetofDocuments:DocumentAnalysis

Section20.3.ImplementingDocumentProcessing




Chapter21.Application-orientedSchemas



Section21.1.XMLApplications



Section21.2.RoleofXMLSchemas



Section21.3.DescribingApplications



Section21.4.ApplicationStructure



Section21.5.TransportingXML

Section21.6.DescribingApplications




Section21.7.ExampleApplication







PartV:Data-orientedSchemas


Chapter22.Data-orientedSchemas:Datatypes



Section22.1.XMLSchemaDesignConsiderations



Section22.2.GeneralDiscussionofFacetRestrictions

Section22.3.CheckConstraintsversusTriggers



Section22.4.Datatypes




Chapter23.Data-orientedSchemas:SimpleTypes



Section23.1.XMLSchemaDesignConsiderations



Section23.2.AnExampleofaSimpleTypeMappingtoaDatabaseSchema



Section23.3.ConceptsandObservations



Section23.4.ThelistElement



Section23.5.TheunionElement

Chapter24.Data-orientedSchemas:ComplexTypes



Section24.1.XMLSchemaDesignConsiderations



Section24.2.AnExampleofaComplexTypeMappingtoaDatabaseSchema





Section24.3.AnExampleofaComplexTypeMappingSupportingMixed
ContenttoaDatabaseSchema



Section24.4.ConceptsandObservations



Section24.5.complexTypeElement

Section24.6.allElement



Section24.7.annotationElement



Section24.8.anyElement



Section24.9.anyAttributeElement



Section24.10.attributeGroupElement



Section24.11.choiceElement



Section24.12.complexContentElement



Section24.13.groupElement

Section24.14.sequenceElement



Section24.15.simpleContentElement








Section24.16.restrictionElement

Section24.17.extensionElement



PartVI:ACaseStudy:TheCampusResourceandSchedulingSystem(CRSS)




Chapter25.TheBusinessCase

Section25.1.BasicCRSSFlow



Section25.2.CRSSRequirements



Section25.3.SystemUsers



Section25.4.ExtensibleStyleLanguageTransform(XSLT)



Section25.5.SQL2000XMLCapabilities



Section25.6.CRSSTechnicalArchitecture



Section25.7.Summary

Chapter26.TheArchitecture



Section26.1.SystemArchitecture



Section26.2.CreatingHTMLPagesbyUsingXSLT



Section26.3.SendingFormData



Section26.4.Summary




Chapter27.TheServerTier



Section27.1.DatabaseDesignwithXMLSchemas



Section27.2.SQLIISConfiguration

Section27.3.CRSSApplicationRequirements



Section27.4.Updategrams



Section27.5.Summary




Chapter28.TheIntegratedSolution



Section28.1.CRSSDesignReview



Section28.2.WebTierConstruction



Section28.3.UIBrokerComponentConstruction

Section28.4.SecurityBrokerComponentConstruction



Section28.5.CRSSBrokerComponentConstruction



Section28.6.TemplateQuery



Section28.7.CRSSReview





PartVII:Appendixes




AppendixA.XMLSchemaQuickReference



AppendixB.XMLSchemaRegularExpressionGrammar

AppendixC.TheThematicCatalogXMLSchema



AppendixD.Data-orientedSchemas:Oracle8iDatatypes



SectionD.1.GeneralOverview



SectionD.2.DiscussionoftheConsequences




AppendixE.Glossary



SectionE.1.Objects,Classes,andInstances



SectionE.2.Markup

SectionE.3.XMLDocuments



SectionE.4.XMLDTDsandSchemas



SectionE.5.SelectedDatatypesUsedinSchemaDocuments



SectionE.6.Miscellaneous


Copyright
Manyofthedesignationsusedbymanufacturersandsellerstodistinguishtheir
productsareclaimedastrademarks.Wherethosedesignationsappearinthis
book,andAddison-Wesleywasawareofatrademarkclaim,thedesignations
havebeenprintedwithinitialcapitallettersorinallcapitals.
Theauthorsandpublisherhavetakencareinthepreparationofthisbook,but
makenoexpressedorimpliedwarrantyofanykindandassumenoresponsibility
forerrorsoromissions.Noliabilityisassumedforincidentalorconsequential
damagesinconnectionwithorarisingoutoftheuseoftheinformationor
programscontainedherein.
Thepublisheroffersdiscountsonthisbookwhenorderedinquantityforbulk
purchasesandspecialsales.Formoreinformation,pleasecontact:
U.S.CorporateandGovernmentSales

(800)382-3419

ForsalesoutsideoftheU.S.,pleasecontact:
InternationalSales
(317)581-3793

VisitAddison-WesleyontheWeb:www.awprofessional.com
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
TheXMLschemacompletereference/CliffBinstock...[etal.]
p.cm


Includesindex
1.XML(Documentmarkuplanguage)2.Databasemanagement.
I.Binstock,Cliff.
QA76.76.H94X45492003
005.7'2—dc212002074383
Copyright©2003byPearsonEducation,Inc.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedina
retrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyform,orbyanymeans,electronic,
mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorconsentof
thepublisher.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Publishedsimultaneously
inCanada.
Forinformationonobtainingpermissionforuseofmaterialfromthiswork,
pleasesubmitawrittenrequestto:
PearsonEducation,Inc.
RightsandContractsDepartment
75ArlingtonStreet,Suite300
Boston,MA02116
Fax:(617)848-7047

Textprintedonrecycledpaper
12345678910—CRS—0605040302
Firstprinting,September2002

Dedication


CliffBinstock
ToAmyLynn,mytruelove,mybestfriend,mylifepartner,mywife
DavePeterson
To"Helga"
MitchellSmith
ToRickforinspiringmeinsomanyways,DanforbringingmetoArrayand
yourheartfulness,Jonathanforfinallyhiringme(andsomuchmore),Shanti,
Eliyahu,andAmyforbeingwhoyouare,andtoYehudisforteachingmesowell.
Finally,tomywifeBarbarawhoneverceasestoamazeme.Thanksforyour
patience,thetimetowritethisbook,andyourunderstanding.
MikeWooding
IwouldliketothankmybeautifulwifeLindaforallofhersupportonthisand
everyproject.Withouthersupport,Icouldnotdisappearforthemanylong
hoursthatarerequiredtowrite.
ChrisDix
ToMicah
ChristopherGaltenberg
ToLavinia,mylifeblood


Preface
Theauthoringandeditorialteamsforthisbookhaveworkedhardtobringyou
thecleanest,clearest,andmostcompleteXMLschemareferencesourceonthe

market.Endlesssweat,researchhours,codetesting,techanddefinitionreviews
andcounterexplanations,e-mailqueries,dialogue,anddebatespassedbefore
thisbookcametofruition.Earnestefforts,stress-filledmoments,andwriting
deadlineshavefinallygottenustopresstime.Hereiswhatthisbookmeansto
us.

TheHistory
Therearealwaysnewandhottechnologiestowriteabout(C++,Java,SQL,
.NET,XMLSchema,andmuchmore).Therearequalifiedwriterseagertowrite
aclearandconcisebest-sellerforyourbookshelf.Therearemillionsofsoftware
developerseagertolearn.Therearemorethanafewpublisherstochoosefrom.
Ultimatelythereareseveraltechnicalbooksonthemarketwithinmonthsofany
newproduct,platform,service,tool,orlanguage'sreleasethatseektodescribe,
explain,clarify,andelaborateonagiventechnology'simportance,utility,and
implementation.However,thereareveryfewreallygoodbooksonthe"whyand
when"thatwillactuallyteachdevelopersemergingtechnologies.Infact,the
hardesttypesofbookstowritediscussemergingtechnologies,becausethere
reallyarenotmanygoodexamples.Furthermore,eventhe"experts"frequently
disagreeonwhatis"right."
Wespentmanymonths—fulltime—writingthisbook.Wecollectivelyhave
somethinglike80yearsofexperience.SomeofusareontheW3CSchema
WorkingGroup.Webelievethatthiscombinedexperience,aswellasthe
determinationwritingthisbook,resultsinoneofthefew"reallygoodbooks"
previouslymentioned.Ittakestherightcombinationoftechnology,authors,
publishers,andreaderstopulloffabook.

TheBook


Thereareseveral,andprobablysoontobelots,ofbooksonthemarketthat

pertaintoXMLSchema.Despitethisinflux,westronglybelievethatthisbook
providesdetailsthatfew,ifany,otherbooksprovide.Specifically,the
overarchinggoaldrivingthisbookistoprovidedetailedexamplesofeveryXML
Schemacomponent.Inordertodetaileachcomponent,thisbookcontainsan
exampleofthecorrespondingSchemadocumentelement,andallofthe
associatedattributes.Manyofthebooksonthemarkettodayprovidesurface
detailsaboutSchemacomponents.However,thisbookprovidesdetailed
scenarios.NotonlyaretheremanypagesandexamplesofeachSchemaelement,
thereisatleastoneexampleofeverysingleattributeofeverysingleXML
schemadocumentelement.Havingaccomplishedthatcolossaltask,weadded
exampleafterexampleintegratingwithmanylanguagesandtechnologieson
manyplatforms.Afterall,whatgoodisanXMLschemabyitself?

Audience
TheprimarygoalofthisbookistoprovidedetailedinformationaboutXML
Schema.Thebookopenswithadiscussiononthebackgroundandsupporting
RecommendationsforXMLSchema.ThebookaddresseshowtocreateXML
schemadocuments.Additionally,someofthechaptersinthisbookcover
integratingXMLschemasintootherexistingtechnologiessuchasJava,Visual
Basic,andOracle.Theaudienceofthisbookissoftwaredeveloperswhoneedto
createanXMLschemaorperhapsintegrateoneintoanapplication.Thisbook
doesnotsufficientlycoveraspectsoftheSchemaRecommendationthatpertain
towritinganXMLschemavalidator.

Prerequisites
MostofthetextinthisbookrequiresfamiliaritywithXML.Fordiscussionsthat
applytovarioustechnologies,suchasOracle,thetextrequiresfamiliaritywith
thepertinenttechnology.Ontheotherhand,thebookexplainsthestandardsthat
provideafoundationforXMLSchemaandevenXML,suchastheXMLInfoset,
XMLNamespace,andXPath.Object-orientedprinciplesapplytoXMLSchema;

thebookrequiresthatyouhaveageneralunderstandingofobjectsand
inheritance.


OrganizationofThisBook
ThepurposeofthisbookistodetailhowtocreateanXMLschema.
Furthermore,varioussectionsofthisbookdiscusshowandwhyyouwoulduse
suchaschema.Thisbookisdividedintosevenparts:
PartI,XMLSchemaOverview
PartII,CreatingXMLSchemaDocuments
PartIII,Validation
PartIV,Result-orientedSchemas
PartV,Data-orientedSchemas
PartVI,ACaseStudy:TheCampusResourceandSchedulingSystem
(CRSS)
PartVII,Appendixes
PartIofthisbookopenswithabriefdiscussionofXMLandthebasisfor
needingXMLSchema.Theoverviewencompassesreasonstouse—ornottouse
—aschema.PartIalsocoverssomegeneralconceptsthatprovideafoundation
forthisbook.Inaddition,PartIbrieflydiscussesthepracticalaspectsofcreating
anXMLschemadocumentandvalidatinganXMLinstanceagainsttheschema
representedbythatschemadocument.AnXMLdocumentisacharacterstring
conformingtothegrammaroftheXMLRecommendation(seeSection1.3);it
mightbeintheformofaninputstream,abuffer,adiskfile,oranyotherform.
AnXMLinstanceisanXMLdocument—orpotentiallyevenpartofadocument
—whosevalidityisbeingdetermined.Specifically,thevalidityofthisdocument
dependsonexamininganXMLschemaspecifiedbytheXMLinstance,or
possiblyadifferentschemaselectedusinginformationnotinthedocument.
Note
ThetermXMLinstanceasusedinthisbookisnotgeneric:XMLisnotaclassof

whichthesecharacterstringsareinstances.AnXMLdocument(orafragmentof
one)iscalledan"XMLinstance"onlywhenitisintendedtocarrythe
connotationofacandidateforvalidationinthecontextwherethetermisused.

PartIIcoverstheW3CXMLSchemaRecommendation,XMLSchema,indetail.
Inparticular,PartIIdetailseveryXMLschemaelementtypeandallofthe
correspondingattributes.Examplesthroughoutthispartofthebookdemonstrate
nearlyeveryfeatureofXMLSchema.PartIIservesasatutorialorareference
manual.
PartIIIencompassesvalidationofXMLschemas.SomeofthechaptersinPart
IIIarebackgroundinformation,suchasanin-depthdiscussionofpostschemavalidationinfoset(PSVI).Otherchaptersaremoreconcrete,containingcode
examplesthatdemonstratehowtovalidateXMLagainstanXMLschema.
PartIVcovershowtoapplyanXMLschematoachieveaparticularbusiness
goal.Inparticular,thispartofthebookaddressesthetargetofanXMLinstance,
suchasadocumentoranapplication.Inotherwords,PartIVdiscusseshowto
createanXMLschemasuchthattheschemaandcorrespondingXMLinstances
arehelpfulinprovidingthedesiredsolution.
PartVdiscusseshowtomirroranXMLschemawithanSQLschema.The
chaptersinthispartofthebookuseOracleasthetargetdatabase.Manyofthe
issuescoveredaregenerictoSQLschemageneration.Oracle9iisthespecific
targetofPartV.NotethatAppendixDaddressesthedifferencesbetween
Oracle8iandOracle9ipertainingtoXMLschemas.
PartVIisacompletecasestudy.Thiscasestudy,theCampusResourceand
SchedulingSystem(CRSS),integratesXMLschemaswithMicrosoft
technology:SQL2000,the.NETFramework,VisualBasiccode,andmore.
PartVIIprovidesgrammars,codeexamples,andaglossaryforquickreviews.

TheWebSite

TheWebsitecorrespondsdirectlyto


thisbook.ThesolepurposeofthisWebsiteistoprovideanonlinereferencefor
developerswritingXMLschemas.Nominally,theWebsiteprovidesaplaceto
downloadallofthefilescreatedwhilewritingthisbook.Thesefilesincludenot
onlytheXMLschemasandthesourcecodeinvariouslanguages,butalsoallof
thetestcasesforeventheone-linecodesnippets:Allofthecodeinthisbookis
tested!
TheWebsiteismuchmoreextensivethanjustacollectionoffiles,however.In
additiontothetraditionallyavailabledownloads,
haslotssimpleonlineexamplesof
everyschemadocumentelement.Therearetablesforeachelementthatindicate
whatattributesarepossible,aswellasabriefdescription.AlthoughthisWebsite
isnotatutorial,itisafantasticquickreferenceforthosewhoalreadyunderstand
XMLSchemaingeneral,butmightforgetthespecificsyntax.Itisourhopethat
theWebsite,likethebook,becomesrealreferencematerialforlotsof
developers.

TheValue
OurgoalistomakeiteasytocreateanXMLschema—whetheryouneeda
tutorialtowriteyourfirstschemadocument,oryoujustneedareferencebookto
writeyour5,000th.Havingcreatedaschema,thisbookalsogivesyouthesame
levelsofassistancetoincorporateanXMLschemaintoyourapplication.This
bookprovidesasmuchsupportasyouneed,withoutevergettingintheway.
HavefunworkingwithXMLschemas—wedo!
WeinviteyounowtotakeatourthroughtheworldofXMLschema
components,beginningwiththeintroductionprovidedforyouinChapter1.We
welcomeyourstories,additions,codesamples,questions,feedback,and
insights.

CliffBinstock

MikeWooding





DavePeterson

ChrisDix






MitchellSmith

ChrisGaltenberg






Acknowledgments
CliffBinstock:Manythankstomywife,Amy,forputtingupwithmonthsof
workonthisbook:days,nights,andweekends.ManythankstocoauthorDave
Peterson.Dave'sunflagginge-mailsandediting,aswellashisparticipationin

theW3CXMLSchemaWorkingGroup,madethisbookasaccurateashumanly
possible.ThankstoShelleyKronzek,executiveeditor,forprovidingthe
opportunitytosharesomeofmyknowledgewithyou.ThankstoAnneMarie
Walker,thedevelopmenteditor,forteachingmehowtowriteabook(which,by
theway,isverydifferentfromallthetechnicaldocumentsIhavewrittenover
theyears).Mostly,thankstoyou,thereader,formakingthislongjourney
worthwhile.Ireallyhopethatthisbookmakesyourcurrentandfutureprojects
mucheasier.
DavePeterson:Iwanttothankmywife,Greta,forputtingupwithmelivingin
anotherworldfortoomanymonthswhilethisbookhasbeengestating.Cliff,it's
beenfun.AndthankstoTyrrellAlbaughforrepeatedlysavingoursanity
towardstheend.
MitchellSmith:IwouldliketothankmyfriendCliffforgettingmeinvolved,
ShelleyandAnneMarieforalloftheirworkonthisbook,andDaveBuehmann
andDavidSchraderforteachingmetheexpressivenessofSQLandthe
capabilitiesofOracle.
MikeWooding:MyeffortsonthisbookwerepossiblebecauseIhadthe
fantasticsupportofmywonderfulwifeLindaandmytwodaughters,Andreaand
Jessica.Thanksforallowingmetodisappearintomy"cave"tocompletethis.
ChrisDix:IwouldliketothankmywifeJenniferandmysonsAlexanderand
Calvin;youaremyfavorites.ThankstoCliff,Shelley,andthefolksatAddisonWesleyforthisopportunity.
ChrisGaltenberg:AllmylovetomyLadyLavinia...andmanythanksto
"TheYear2001,"themostbrutalandevolutionaryperiodofmylife.


AbouttheAuthors

CliffBinstockhasmorethantwentyyearsofsoftwaredevelopmentexperience.
Hiscurrentrolesrangefromhands-onarchitectureandcodedevelopmentto
mentoringandmanaginglargegroupsofdevelopers.Cliff'sobject-oriented

experiencebeganwithrelativelyunknownlanguagesinthe1980sand
culminatedinyearsofdevelopmentintheextremelypopularC++andJava
languages.CliffhasalsospentmanyyearsworkingwithmultipleSQL
databases.In2000and2001,Cliffhelpeddelivershrink-wrapsoftwarefora
biotechfirm.ThesoftwareusedmultipleXMLschemastoprovidethesoftware
contractsforvariousmodules.XML,alongwithappropriatesupportingXML
schemas,providedaprogrammaticpipeline.Thepipelinearchitecturenotonly
supplantedmanylinesofJava,butitturnedmany"codechanges"intotrivial
XMLedits.Theexpertiseacquiredduringthisdevelopmenteffortledtothe
writingofthisbook.CliffistheowneroftheconsultingfirmRobustSoftware.

DavePetersonisprincipalconsultantwithhisownfirm,SGMLWorks!,
providingSGMLandXMLsolutionsforpublishinganddatabasesystems
worldwide.DavehasbeenworkingwithSGMLsincebeforetheISOStandard
waspublishedin1986,andwithXMLsinceitwasjustagleaminafewpeople's
eyes.He'sbeenprogrammingandarchitectingsystemsprofessionallysince
1967.Hehelpeddesignthesystemthatproducesandprocessesthelargest
SGMLdocumentintheworld—morethanthreebillioncharacters,markup,and
textinonedocument(notcountinggraphics).Heranthedocumentanalysisthat
ultimatelydefinedthedocumentstructureusedbytheNewZealandParliament


forlegalpublications,andhasdonethesameforotherlegalandpharmaceutical
publishers,aswellasforpublishersofjournalsandmilitaryandcivilian
technicaldocuments.Dave'sfirstjobwithSGMLin1986involvedusingSGML
(XMLwasnotaroundyet)totransferdatafromonedatabasetoanother.Hehas
designedandprogrammednumerousSGMLandXMLprocessingsystems.Dave
servedontheISOcommitteethatoversawthecontinuingdevelopmentfrom
1990through1998.Sincethen,hehasservedontheW3CSchemaWorking
Group,whichproducedtheXMLSchemaRecommendationin2001andisnow

workingonthe1.1version.Hehasgivennumerouspresentationsandtutorialsat
SGMLandXMLconferences,andhaswrittenaboutfortyarticlesonvarious
SGMLandXMLtopics.HewasontheeditorialboardofthejournalMarkup
Languages:TheoryandPractice.

MitchellSmithisChiefSoftwareArchitectatArrayBioPharmaInc.,in
Boulder,Colorado.Hehasseventeenyearsofexperiencedevelopingsoftware
solutionsandhasbeenworkingwithrelationaldatabasesformorethantwelve
years.Heiscurrentlydevelopingrapidsoftwaresolutionstointegratechemists'
processes,integratinghardware/softwareproductswiththeexistingchemoinfomaticsinfrastructure,andassistingchemists(inasmallway)toproduce
breakthroughdrugcandidates.PriortojoiningArrayBioPharmaInc.,Mitch
workedforRationalSoftwareCorporation,whereheco-architectedanextgenerationrequirementsmanagementsystemusingJ2EEandXML
technologies.MitchholdsanA.B.fromHarvardCollegeandanM.S.in
computersciencefromtheUniversityofColorado,Boulder.Mitchisamember
oftheACMandseniormemberoftheIEEE.HevotesonIEEEsoftware
standardsandiscurrentlysecretaryoftheIEEEDenver/BoulderComputer
Societychapter.Mitchisaco-inventoronpatentnumber6,199,047,entitled
"Apparatusandmethodforaneventratingengine."Outsidework,Mitchisan
avidyear-roundmountainbiker;healsoenjoyscampingandoverseasvacations.


MikeWoodinghasbeeninthecomputerindustryfortwentyyears.Hehas
authoredseveralcoursesforLearningTreeInternational,includingEnterprise
ActiveServerPagesandMicrosoftTransactionServer.Hewasinvolvedwiththe
ActiveServerPages.comsiteandspeaksregularlyatindustryconferences.Asa
partneratKieferConsulting,Mikefocusesondeliveringadvancedarchitectures
usingInternetstandardsandleveragingMicrosoft's.NETFrameworkusing
manytools,includingCOM+,.NET,VisualStudio.NET,and.NETWeb
Services.PriortojoiningKieferConsulting,MikedevelopedproductswithIntel,
BaxterHealthcare,andseveralsmallerSiliconValleystart-upcompanies.Mike

holdstwopatentsforworkinroboticsandDNAprobeanalysis.Inhisspare
time,Mikeenjoyssnowskiing,windsurfing,basketball,andautomatinghis
housewithacombinationofcustomandoff-the-shelfhardware.

ChrisDixhasbeendevelopingsoftwareforfunsincehewastenyearsold,and
doingitforalivingforthepasteightyears.Chrisrecentlymadethetransition
fromC++andCOMtoC#and.NETandisfindinghelikesitbetterthanhe
expected.He'swrittenmagazinearticlesonSOAPandWindowsdevelopment,
andhehascontributedtotwobooksonXMLandWebServices.Chrisislead
developerforNavtrak,wherehedesignsanddevelopsproductsformobiledata
accessandassettracking.


ChrisGaltenbergisawriter,inventor,andmethodologist.Hisinterestsliein
therealmsofextendinghumanintelligencethroughphilosophyandsoftware.
Galtenbergpoetry,whichexploresthisphilosophy,canbefoundat
.


PartI:XMLSchemaOverview
PartIprovidesdetailonthefoundationoftheW3CXMLSchema
Recommendation.Thisfoundationincludes,amongothertopics,theW3C
recommendationsthatsupporttheW3CXMLSchemaRecommendation.
Chapter1providesanoverviewofthevariousW3Crecommendations
thatarethefoundationfortheXMLSchemaRecommendation.The
terminologyandconceptsfromthevariousrecommendationscoalesce
intoadiscretesetofterms,whichprovideahandlewithwhichtoread
theremainderofthisbook.
Chapter2providesahigh-leveloverviewofhowanXMLparser
validatesXML.Thisoverviewalsocoverstheparserextensions

requiredtovalidateXMLagainstanXMLschema.
Chapter3isanoverviewofnamespaces.Thisoverviewincludesa
discussionoftheW3CXMLNamespaceRecommendation.
NamespacesareoneofthefirstconsiderationswhencreatinganXML
schemadocument.
Chapter4coversabasicdescriptionoftherespectivegrammars.
XPathlocateselementsandattributesforIdentityConstraints.
XPointerlocateselementsforinclusioninanXMLschemadocument.
Chapter5coverstheabstractrepresentationofbothXMLdocuments
andXMLschemas.ThischapteralsointroducesXMLinfosets,which
aretheabstractversionsofdocumentsonwhichanXMLschema
processoroperates.


CONTENTS