Tái cơ cấu đầu tư phát triển xuất khẩu hàng hóa của việt nam thời kỳ đến 2020, tầm nhìn đến 2030 tt tiếng anh

INTRODUCTION
1. The rationale of the research subject
Over the past 30 years of implementing the policy of renovation of economic
management mechanism and international economic integration, Vietnam’s export activities
have been continuously expanded both in the market and the list of commodities with rapid
growth of goods export value, structure and quality of goods import and export have been
improved towards in increasing processed goods and high added value... Goods export has
been a major orientation and is one of the crucial areas of Vietnam in the process of world and
regional economic integration.
Besides the achievements, export growth in recent years has not been really solid, the
quality of growth and export efficiency is still low, the structure of commodity export has been
strongly shifted to processed goods, manufacturing, but still heavily dependent on foreigninvested enterprises; trade deficit is still a risk... At the same time, the economy still relies
heavily on trade growth, exploitation of natural resources, minerals, and export of raw
agricultural products or low processing content, processing goods at simple stage of the value
chain (processing of textiles, footwear, electronics ...).
In the period of 2018-2020 and vision to 2030, Vietnam will continue to integrate more
deeply into the world economy, participate in multilateral, multidimensional and multi-sectors
in the process of regional economic cooperation and the world as well. That integration, on
the one hand, will create a new impetus for socio-economic development, especially attracting
investment and promoting Vietnam's export to economies in the world. On the other hand, it
also requires Vietnam to accelerate the restructuring process, innovate the growth model,
improve the process of national resource distribution, increase the productivity of synthetic
elements and improve the competitiveness, flexibility of the economy...
In terms of theory, the process of restructuring, reforming the growth model, improving
the distribution of national resources...will change the structure of development investment
for goods export both in economic scope and scope in each enterprise.
Stemming from the existing problems in the development of Vietnam's goods export, as
well as the context and new requirements above, the PhD student has decided on the topic:
“Restructure of Vietnam's goods export development investment for the period till 2020
and the 2030 vision” to be the doctoral dissertation’s topic.
2. Overview of research projects

The domestic and foreign research projects related to the topic of the dissertation are
diverse and abundant. In which, a number of research projects have mentioned various issues
of the theoretical basis for restructuring development investment in goods export in the
economy. At the same time, published domestic and foreign research projects have also
provided profound practical arguments of many different countries in the world on the
restructuring of goods export development investment. Thereby, the dissertation can absorb
and inherit these scientific results to implement the dissertation topic.
The published domestic and foreign research projects have not mentioned the export
development orientation of the economy with the level of deep integration into the region and
the world as well; not yet analyzed, deeply evaluated the movement trend of the goods export
development investment structure, affecting the restructuring of investment and goods export

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development of Vietnam. Therefore, the research establishes theoretical and practical bases in
a comprehensive, synchronous and updated way of changing the business environment,
especially the appearance of new factors ... for the dissertation topic are necessary.
3. Aim and research task
The research aim of the dissertation is to study to adjust structure/ restructure of
Vietnam's goods export development investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision.
4. Research subject and research scope of the dissertation
The research subject of the dissertation is the structure of goods export development
investment of the economy
The scope of the dissertation research: The scope of the research is to serve the State
management agencies and serve goods export trading and producing enterprises. Focused on
the decisive role of State management agencies and export business and production
enterprises in the implementation of restructure.
In terms of time: Analyzing the current situation of Vietnam's export development
investment structure between 2006 and 2017 and proposing solutions to restructure export

development investment till 2020 and 2030 vision.
In terms of space: Study the goods export investment development structure to develop
of Vietnam’s economy.
In terms of the content: Studying the structure of investment and export development
of goods (excluding services) in the economy.
5. Approach and research method of the dissertation
- The dissertation approaches the research object (the structure of investment in
developing export of goods in the economy) mainly from the perspective of restructuring the
investment in export development of industries and economic sectors in the economy and
within the export enterprises mainly from the perspective of adjusting the investment structure
towards in enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises on the export market.
- Research methods: Collecting primary and secondary information, through document
research and survey; processing data and synthesizing survey and investigation results;
systematization, generalization and overall methods in the overview research of published
projects related to the dissertation topic; analyzing and proving: descriptive statistics,
comparative statistics in the study to assess the current situation of structure and restructure
shift of development investment of goods export of Vietnam; interpolation and extrapolation
methods in proposing orientations and solutions to restructure export development investment
of Vietnam in the coming period.
6. New contributions of the dissertation
On the basis of an overview of domestic and domestic research projects, as well as the
research content of the topic “Restructure of Vietnam's goods export development investment
for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision”, the dissertation has the following contributions:
Firstly, in terms of theory, the dissertation has clarified the concepts, nature and
characteristics of restructuring goods export development investment in the economy; indepth analysis of the relationships between investment structure and restructuring goods
export development investment with growth model and innovation of growth model in exportoriented economies in the integration trend; identify specific contents in restructuring
investment and export goods development and clarify the factors affecting the restructuring of
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investment and goods export development of the economy in the direction of open and
integration policy.
Secondly, in terms of practice, the dissertation analyzed and evaluated the status of
investment and changes in investment development structure of Vietnam's exports in the past
period. Since then, drawing conclusions about the achieved results, limitations and causes of
investment and the structure of Vietnam's export development investment in the past period.
The assessments and judgments are drawn based on updated materials and data as
independent research results and new contributions of the dissertation.
The dissertation has proposed the views, goals, orientations and solutions to restructure
of Vietnam's goods export development investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030
vision. The proposals of the dissertation are built based on the arguments, the new scientific
dissertation is built through research in Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 is the new and highly
practical contributions of the dissertation.
7. Chapter layout of the dissertation
Apart from the introduction, conclusion and reference list, the dissertation consists of
three chapters, namely:
Chapter 1: Some theoretical issues on restructuring goods export development
investment for a country.
Chapter 2: Current situation of Vietnam's export development investment structure in
between 2006 and 2017.
Chapter 3: Solutions to implement restructure of Vietnam's goods export development
investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision.
CHAPTER 1:
SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES ON RESTRUCTURING GOODS EXPORT
DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT FOR A COUNTRY
1.1. Nature, characteristics and role of restructure of goods development
investment in the economy
1.1.1. Developing goods export and goods export development investment in the
economy
1.1.1.1. Developing goods export of the economy in the era of globalization and

international integration
Developing export goods in the era of globalization is the continuous specialization
process in export-oriented economic sectors in the interaction among countries as well as
import and export manufacturing enterprises while participating in the global value chain.
1.1.1.2. Investment and investment structure to develop goods exports in the economy
Investment is the part of the accumulated output to increase production capacity in the
later period of the economy.
The concept of goods export development investment is the investment in physical
assets and labor in which enterprises spend money to conduct production and export business
activities to further increase or create new assets for businesses at the same time for the whole
economy, thereby increasing the production and business potential and all other production
and business activities.
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Structure is the division of the ratio among different parts in the same aspect of the
overall.
Investment structure is the structure of investment components such as mobilized
capital structure; capital allocation and use structure ... forming a reasonable investment
structure and creating greater potentials in all socio-economic aspects.
The structure of goods export development investment is the ratio of the share of
additional expenditure lines of capital to maintain and improve export capacity is considered
from different aspects of the overall investment in developing commodity exports in the
economy.
Types of development investment structures for goods export in the economy include
goods export development investment structure by economic sectors; goods export
development investment structure by group of export goods; goods export development
investment structure under the classification of foreign trade standards.
1.1.1.3. The relationship between goods export development investment structure and
economic growth model

The consideration of the relationship between the structure of export development
investment and economic development model can be approached from the relationship
between investment and GDP in aggregate demand function: Y = C + I + G + X - M (1.1)
In which: Y is GDP; C is final consumption; I is a private investment; G is government
expenditure (or public investment); X is export and M is import.
According to Keynes, when investing in increase of a unit, GDP will increase by more
than one unit. Functional relationship between capital (symbol is K) and output growth
(denoted by Y). This coefficient indicates how much additional investment capital is needed
to increase a GDP. The formula is calculated as follows:
(1.2)
Put I = K(t) - K(t0)
(1.3)
In formulas (1.2) and (1.3): t is the calculation year; t0 is the year preceding the
calculation year; I is the amount of investment capital increased in the calculation year
compared to the year preceding the year of calculation.
Thus, investment is one of the important factors for economic growth, growth must be
invested. In that relationship, a high ICOR is an inefficient investment, a low ICOR is an
effective investment. This means that in order to achieve a certain growth rate, the economy
must invest in a certain proportion of GDP.
1.1.2. The concept and role of restructure of goods export development investment
1.1.2.1. The concept of restructure of goods export development investment
Restructure of goods export development investment is a consideration of structural
changes, redefining the proportional relationship between expenditure lines in the overall
export development investment of goods to systematically restructure in some aspects or all
aspects of the overall to increase the efficiency of investment, as well as the speed and quality
of goods export growth.
The nature of restructure of goods export development investment in the economy is the
process of adjusting investment structure to effectively exploit existing comparative
advantages, creating new comparative advantages of the economy, production sectors of
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export goods, improve business efficiency, competitiveness of goods export enterprises,
increase quality, speed up the export of goods and economic transformation towards
industrialization, modernization and sustainable development.
1.1.2.2. The role of restructure of goods export development investment in the
economy
- Exploiting and promoting the resources of comparative advantages of each industry,
each region and the whole country into production and export business and changing the
structure of export development investment by sector and territory.
- Improve the competitiveness of enterprises and products in the export market.
- Developing export market: It is necessary to change the structure of development
investment, expand the commodity export market according to the motto of multilateralism,
diversify and invest in building and adjusting commodity export market development
strategies that appropriates in each specific period.
- Improving the efficiency of investment in goods export of the economy: Restructuring
investment is associated with improving the quality of goods export growth, increasing the
competitiveness of the economy, enterprises, exported goods; focus on improving investment
efficiency and export growth efficiency, both in terms of industry, goods and space.
- Contributing to model innovation and economic growth efficiency: restructuring
investment contributes to promoting economic growth from a wide scale, increasing quantity
and output to the depth, increasing quality and value, investment restructure transformation
from relying mainly on increasing the amount of investment capital, exploiting natural
resources with low labor costs to effectively use resources.
1.1.3. Investment entities and the role of implementation of restructure of goods
export development investment in the economy
1.1.3.1. The State and the role of implementation of restructure of goods export
development investment in the economy
- Organizing and managing the process of restructuring export development
investment: Orienting the shift of structure/ restructure of export development investment;

orientation for enterprises to restructure goods export development investment; create an
environment for restructuring export development investment.
- Direct impact on restructuring investment in goods export in the economy: The State
plays a role as an investor, through restructuring public investment in the economy,
investment in construction of socio-economic infrastructure projects; share capital
contribution, joint ventures with enterprises in the necessary fields with the participation of
the State; other expenses as prescribed by law.
- Provision of public services for the process of restructuring export development
investment: The State performs the role of providing public services for the process of
restructure of goods export development investment, supporting enterprises with specific
activities such as: building a forum for domestic enterprises to seek opportunities and partners
for investment abroad; organizing brand promotion and trade promotion programs abroad;
promulgate necessary mechanisms, policies and solutions to improve the efficiency of export
development investment of enterprises under the orientation of restructuring export
development investment in the economy.

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1.1.3.2. The business sector and the role of implementation restructure of goods export
development investment of the economy
- Mobilizing resources for investment in production and business in the direction of
restructuring the State's investment and development investment: The State sets the
orientation and creates a business environment, while the enterprise is a direct force to
mobilize resources (inside and outside the enterprise) to invest in export development
investment.
- Improving the efficiency of restructuring investment in developing goods export in the
economy: The State adjusts policies to encourage enterprises to invest in developing exports
according to the proposed orientations. Enterprises will base on State regulations and policies
to adjust their business activities to increase benefits.

1.2. Content, mode and methods of evaluation of investment restructure process
for developing goods export in the economy
1.2.1. The content of restructure of goods export development investment in the
economy
1.2.1.1. Restructuring investment in goods export development according to the
investment capital of economic sectors
- Restructuring development investment of export goods according to the investment
capital of the State-owned economic sector (State budget capital, government bond capital,
State investment credit capital, investment capital of State owned enterprises).
- Restructuring investment in goods export development according to investment
capital of private enterprises and residents (non-state investment capital).
The value of an enterprise must depend on the present value of its activities, not on the
capital structure: Vg = Vu (1.4)
In which, Vg is the total value of debt-using enterprises; Vu is the total value of an
enterprise does not use debt.
Because of loan interest expense is a reasonable cost is deductible when calculating
enterprise income tax, therefor a part of the income of an enterprise using convertible debt is
transferred to investors.
- Restructure of goods export development investment according to investment capital
of foreign direct investment sector: Exploiting the best advantages of natural resources,
geographical location; attract external capital sources for domestic economic development;
acquiring modern technique and technology, business management experience through
cooperation or competition with foreign enterprises.
1.2.1.2. Restructuring export development investment by commodity
group, export industry
- Restructuring investment in export goods export according to statistical standards: In
order to build a reasonable structure of export investment and development by commodity
group, the adjustment of rate of investment in each export commodity group is carried out on
the principle of promoting the comparative advantage of the economy.
- Restructuring export development investment of commodity groups and industries

according to foreign trade standards: Adjusting the investment rate in each group of exported
goods is done in accordance with the principle of creating and improving good competitive
advantage.
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1.2.1.3. Restructure of goods export development investment according to
environmental components, export competitiveness and territory
- Restructuring investment to develop export of goods according to environmental
components, export competitiveness: The restructure of development investment according to
the components of competitiveness of export enterprises must take into account the nature of
the participation period, as well as the desire to expand the scale and improve the level of
export development.
- Restructuring commodity export development by territorial area: Promoting the
potentials and advantages of each region and locality in developing export main goods;
activeness and creativeness in synchronous infrastructure investment, promoting investment
in developing goods export of the locality.
1.2.2. Forms of implementing restructure of goods export development investment in
goods export in the economy
1.2.2.1. The form of directly implementing the restructure of goods export development
investment in the economy
- Capital market development: Using capital market forms and tools to adjust
investment structure.
- Developing various types of investment linkages in value chains, supply chains and
production networks to restructure export investment development goods to meet
international standards on the basis of advanced application and transfer science and
technology.
- Restructuring investment in goods export development associated with the overall
restructuring of the economy, restructuring public investment.
1.2.2.2. The form of indirectly implementing the restructure of goods export

development investment in the economy
- Building, improving investment institution and fair competition, publicity,
transparency, and predictability.
- Using financial and monetary tools: taxes, fees, interest rates, prices.
- Signing and using international treaties on trade and investment as a tool to adjust the
structure of investment and export development of goods.
1.2.3. Method of assessing the process of restructure of export development
investment in the economy
1.2.3.1. Evaluation of direct change in export development investment structure
The component structure index is calculated (quantified) according to the following
general formula:
(1.5)
In which: I is the total value of export development investment (in the economy or
enterprise); rij is the ratio in percentage of the ith expenditure line in total export development
investment I at time of j; Rij is the value of the ith investment component in export
development investment total I at time of j.
Comparing the rate change of rij through the time of j will illustrate the trend of structure
shift, restructuring export investment in the economy over the years or in a period of n years.
1.2.3.2. Indirect assessment of the process of restructure of goods export development
investment in the economy
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- Criteria and methods for evaluating the process of restructuring investment
development investment goods: Determining by the change (increase or decrease) of each
component structure in each type of export goods structure for a certain period.
- Target and method to reflect the efficiency of restructuring export development
investment in the economy: The formula for export investment efficiency is as follows:
(1.6)
In which: k is the indicator reflecting the efficiency of export development investment;

t1 is the calculation year; t0 is the year preceding the calculation year; IXk is an increase in
the amount of export development investment capital in the calculation year compared to the
year preceding the year of calculation; XKt1 and XKt0 are export values of the economy in
the calculation year and the year preceding the year of calculation.
When restructure export investment, it will be implemented in the direction of
increasing investment capital into sectors, fields or production stages in order to bring into
full play the national comparative advantage and increase the value added of exports, k factor
would tend to increase, usually in the medium and long term.
1.3. Factors affecting the restructure of goods export development investment in
the economy
1.3.1. Foreign elements
- The trend of globalization and international economic integration
- The development of regional and international economic links
- International trade and investment liberalization, the growth of transnational
companies (TNCs)
- The development of science and technology
- The trend of environmental protection in the world
1.3.2. Domestic elements
1.3.2.1. Internal factors of the economy
Basically, these factors are reflected through the components of the competitiveness of
the economy in relation to other economies.
National competitiveness is a combination of institutions, policies and factors that
determine the efficiency and productivity of a nation.
1.3.2.2. Factors within enterprise
- Adaptive capacity of enterprises with export markets
- The capacity to organize investment and business activities of enterprises
- Enterprise's ability to attract workers, train and use labor ... of enterprises
- Enterprise’s ability to mobilize and use capital of enterprises
- Applicability and technological innovation of enterprises
- Orient to build goods trademark and enterprise in the export market.

CHAPTER 2: CURRENT SITUATION OF VIETNAM’S GOODS EXPORT
DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT STRUCTURE
2.1. Overview of the situation of economic development
2.1.1. Overview of economic growth and economic structure shift
In terms of economic model: It can be affirmed that Vietnam's economy has strongly
changed following the model of export-oriented industrialization.

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In terms of economic growth: With the export scale currently exceeding the scale of GDP
(in 2017), at the same time, Vietnam's export growth rate averaged 17.53% / year in the period of
2015 - 2011 and 14.93% / year in the years 2016 - 2017, it can be affirmed that exports have
become and are becoming the main driving force of the overall growth of our economy.
In terms of economic structure: Vietnam's economic structure has shifted strongly
towards increasing the proportion of industries. According to statistics, the proportion of
agriculture, forestry and fishery sectors has decreased from 38.06% in 1986 to 24.53% in
2010, 17.0% in 2015 and 15.24% in 2017. On the contrary, the proportion of industries –
construction sector in GDP has increased from 28.88% in 1986 to 36.73% in 2010, 33.25% in
2015 and 33.40% in 2017.
2.1.2. Overview of the status of investment capital and the structure of Vietnam's
economic development investment capital in the period of 2006-2017
* Scale, growth rate of investment capital in the economy
The total social development investment capital in the period of 2006 - 2017 at current
prices is maintained at a high level, equal to over 30% of GDP, of which the highest in 2007 is
42.7% of GDP and the lowest in 2013 is equal to 30.5% of GDP.
The growth rate of social investment capital in the period of 2006-2010 increased
13.18% per year on average, but decreased to 4.7% per year in the period of 2011-2015 and
recovered again in 2016 - 2017 with a growth rate of 10.3% / year.
* Structure of investment capital in the economy

- Structure of investment capital by economic sector: Investment capital of the state
economic sector has decreased rapidly, from 47.1% in 2005 to 38.1% in 2010, 38.0% in 2015
and 35, 7% in 2017. Non-state economic sectors have increased their share in the total
development investment capital of the economy; especially the proportion of investment
capital of the foreign invested sector has maintained its trend of continuously increasing from
14.9% in 2005 to 23.7% in 2017. The private sector has increased slowly, but still has a high
proportion, in 2017 accounted for 40.5% of the total investment capital.
- Structure of investment capital by economic sector: According to economic sectors,
social investment in industry and construction sector has achieved higher speed than
agricultural and service industries in both periods. 2006 - 2010 and 2011 - 2015, but in 2016 2017 has leveled off and is lower. The proportion of investment capital at current prices of the
agriculture, forestry and fishery sector tends to decrease in the period 2006 - 2017, from
accounting for 7.49% in 2005 to 5.6% in 2016 and slightly recovering at 6.0% in 2017.
2.1.3. Overview of the status of enterprise development in the economy in the period
of 2006 - 2017
In terms of business structure by economic sector: In the period of 2011 - 2016, the
proportion of state-owned enterprises decreased from 1.17% in 2010 to 0.53% in 2016; the
proportion of non-state enterprises increased slightly from 96.23% in 2010 to 96.70% in
2016; The proportion of FDI enterprises increased from 2.60% in 2010 to 2.77% in 2016.
In terms of business structure by economic sector: The number of enterprises in
economic sectors with export products tends to increase slightly in the period of 2011 - 2016,
from 33.2% in 2010 to 34.8% in 2016 Among economic sectors with export goods, the
number of enterprises in processing and manufacturing industry accounts for the highest
proportion, but it tends to reduce the proportion from 16.28% in 2010 to 14, 92% in 2016.
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In terms of enterprise structure according to capital size: According to the enterprise
survey data of the General Statistics Office, as of December 31, 2016, out of 505.06 thousand
enterprises of the economy, the number has capital scale under 10 billion VND accounted for
76.16%, from 10 to less than 50 billion VND accounted for 16.88%, from 50 billion to less

than 200 billion VND accounted for 4.68%, from 200 billion to less than 500 billion VND
accounting for 1.22% and from VND 500 billion or more accounted for 1.06%.
2.2. Current situation of development investment structure of
Vietnam's goods export
2.2.1. Current situation of social investment structure shift into developing goods
export in social investment in the period of 2006 - 2016
2.2.1.1 Actual status of social investment structure shift into the development of
economic sectors involved to export goods
- Social investment capital in sectors with export participation of the economy often
accounts for over 60% of the total social investment capital, but tends to decrease slightly in
the period 2006 - 2017, from 64.45% in 2005 60.13% in 2017.
Table 1. Structure of social investment capital into economic development
participating in exporting goods in the period of 2005 – 2017
Proportion of capital invested in sectors
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
64,45
62,08
63,42
60,80
60,13
I. The sectors in the export list
%
%
%
%
%

1. Agriculture, forestry and fishery
7,49% 6,15% 5,60% 5,88% 6,00%
Export value ratio of goods
7.09% 4.02% 4.53% 3.83%
2. Mining
7,80% 7,53% 3,95% 3,40% 3,15%
Export value ratio of goods
9.41% 2.70% 1.69% 1.61%
19,20
19,50
29,60
28,46
27,90
3. Processing and manufacturing industry
%
%
%
%
%
82.55
92.54
93.25
93.17
Ratio of export value of goods
%
%
%
%
4. Production and supply of electricity, gas
9,94% 8,49% 6,50% 6,35% 6,60%

Ratio of export value of goods
0.08% 0.06% 0.05% 0.03%
5. Waste management and treatment
2,60% 2,59% 1,62% 1,76% 1,85%
Ratio of export value of goods
0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
11,70
11,54
11,80
10,58
10,25
6. Transportation, warehousing
%
%
%
%
%
Ratio of export value of goods
0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
7. Information and communication
3,64% 3,65% 1,40% 1,25% 1,20%
Ratio of export value of goods
0.06% 0.04% 0.05% 0.04%
8. Activity of professional, science and
technology
0,83% 1,12% 1,70% 1,70% 1,60%
Ratio of export value of goods
- 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
9. Art, entertainment and entertainment
1,22% 1,51% 1,25% 1,42% 1,58%

Ratio of export value of goods
0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
35,55
37,92
36,58
39,20
39,87
II. Industries out of the list of export items
%
%
%
%
%
Ratio of export value of goods
Source: Statistical Yearbook 2017 (0.00% represents small export value)

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The increase in the proportion of social investment capital in economic sectors is quite
consensus with the increase in the proportion of goods exports of these sectors. In the period
2011 - 2015, when the proportion of social investment in processing and manufacturing
industry increased from 19.50% in 2010 to 29.60% in 2015, the proportion of export value of
this industry is also increased from 82.55% to 92.54% in 2015.
2.2.1.2. Current status of shift of social investment structure into economic areas
In the period of 2006 - 2010, the proportion of social investment capital in the domestic
economy has decreased quite rapidly from 85.11% in 2005 to 74.16% in 2010, while the
proportion of social investment of FDI sector increased from 14.89% to 25.84%. In the period
2011 - 2017, the proportion of social investment in the domestic economy was quite stable at
over 76% and the proportion of export value was also maintained at 28-29%.

Table 2. Structure of social investment capital in the economy by region between 2005
and 2017
2005
2010
2015
2016
2017
1. Domestic sector
Proportion of social investment
85.11% 74.16%
76.72% 76.40%
76.26%
Proportion of export value
42.82% 45.80%
29.40% 28.51%
27.55%
2. FDI sector
Proportion of social investment
14.89% 25.84%
23.28% 23.60%
23.74%
Proportion of export value
57.18% 54.20%
70.60% 71.49%
72.45%
Source: Statistical Yearbook 2017
2.2.1.3. Assess the relationship between increasing social investment and increasing
export value of goods
- By economic sector: Generally, for economic sectors, when increasing 01 VND
investment capital, it will create 2.93 VND worth of export value in 2006. This coefficient

tends to gradually decrease in 2006-2015 period, but has increased rapidly in the years 2016 2017.
- According to the economic sector that participates in export: The coefficient between
export value increases on a more social investment capital by economic sector, major export
industries such as agriculture, forestry and fisheries, mining, especially processing and
manufacturing industries, achieved a high coefficient while other industries were often below
average.
2.2.2. Current situation of shifting the structure of production and business capital
of enterprises into developing goods export in the period of 2006 - 2016
- Actual situation of shifting the structure the production and business capital of
enterprises into developing economic sectors engaged in export goods: In terms of goods
export value, enterprises in processing and processing industries, agriculture, forestry and
fishery sectors, the mining industry has accounted for over 99%, other economic sectors
engaged in export only under 1%.
- Actual situation of shifting production capital structure of enterprises by economic
sector: Proportion of production and business capital of domestic economic enterprises tends
to decrease, but does not decrease as quickly as proportion of social investment and still
maintaining over 80%.

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Table 3. Structure of production and business capital of enterprises by economic
sector in the period of 2010 – 2016
2010
2014
2015
2016
1. Domestic sector
Proportion of business and production
capital of enterprises

84.43%
80.62%
81.13%
81.85%
Proportion of export value
45.80%
29.40%
28.51%
2. FDI sector
Proportion of business and production
capital of enterprises
15.57%
19.38%
18.87%
18.15%
Proportion of export value
54.20%
70.60%
71.49%
Source: Statistical Yearbook 2017
- Evaluate the relationship between the increase of production and business capital of
enterprises, revenue and increase in export value of goods.
- By economic sector: Regarding the ratio of export value / business and production
capital, according to the calculation data of the dissertation, it is generally calculated for
economic sectors, 1 VND capital for production and business of enterprises will create 0.12
VND to 0.16 VND of export value. This coefficient tends to increase gradually in the period
of 2010 - 2014, but is quite stable in 2014 - 2016.
- According to the economic sector involved in export: Regarding the ratio of export
value / business capital, according to the calculation data of the dissertation, the main export
industries such as agriculture, forestry and fisheries, mining, especially manufacturing and

processing industries achieve high ratios while other industries are often below average. This
means that enterprises in the main export sectors create higher export value per capital
compared to other export industries.
2.2.3. Results of investigation and surveys on restructuring investment in developing
export goods of Vietnamese exporters in 2016
a / Overview of the investigation
Investigating and surveying the investment structure to develop goods exported by
Vietnamese exporters by the Planning Department, Ministry of Industry and Trade as the
leading agency and the Institute of Industrial and Trade policy and Strategy is the agency that
perform.
Sample of investigation and survey, including 400 questionnaires for exporters and 100
survey forms of managers and experts. In which, 394 answer sheets of export enterprises meet
the requirements and are used.

12


Table 2.4. Structure of survey sample by main export business sector of business
Answer
NGANHKDa

Q6.1 Agricultural products
Q6.2 Fisheries
Q6.3 Forest products and wood
Q6.4 Meat and meat products
Q6.5 Footwear
Q6.6 Textile
Q6.7 Electronic goods and components
Q6.8 Vehicles
Q6.9 Other

Total

Number of
enterprises
59
34
46
3
13
122
8
5
128
418

Proportion %
14,1%
8,1%
11,0%
,7%
3,1%
29,2%
1,9%
1,2%
30,6%
100,0%

Source: Survey data of import-export enterprises, Institute of Industrial and Trade
policy and Strategy, Ministry of Industry and Trade
Table 2.5. Structure of survey samples according to the value scale of export goods

of enterprises in 2015 and according to enterprise composition
Export value of enterprise in 2015
10 –
51 –
101 –
201 –
501–
1001–
Enterprise
10
50
100
200
500
1.000
1.500 >1.500 Total
billion billion billion billion billion billion billion billion
VND VND VND VND
VND
VND
VND
VND
StateQuantity
0
2
0
1
2
0
1

1
7
Type of
owned
0,0
3,4
0,0
3,1
3,7
0,0
3,8
5,3
2,0
enterprise exporter
% Total
0,0
0,6
0,0
0,3
0,6
0,0
0,3
0,3
2,0
Foreign Quantity
15
23
23
19
19

6
13
8
126
Type
of
invested
19,7 39,7
34,3
59,4
35,2
42,9
50,0
42,1
36,4
enterprise exporter
% Total
4,3
6,6
6,6
5,5
5,5
1,7
3,8
2,3
36,4
Joint stock Quantity
28
12
20

7
15
5
7
10
104
enterprise Type of
36,8 20,7
29,9
21,9
27,8
35,7
26,9
52,6
30,1
exporter
% Total
8,1
3,5
5,8
2,0
4,3
1,4
2,0
2,9
30,1
Private Quantity
25
19
22

3
15
3
3
0
90
enterprise Type of
32,9 32,8
32,8
9,4
27,8
21,4
11,5
0,0
26,0
exporter
% Total
7,2
5,5
6,4
0,9
4,3
0,9
0,9
0,0
26,0
Other types Quantity
8
2
2

2
3
0
2
0
19
Type of
10,5
3,4
3,0
6,3
5,6
0,0
7,7
0,0
5,5
exporter
% Total
2,3
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,9
0,0
0,6
0,0
5,5
Quantity
76
58

67
32
54
14
26
19
346
Type of
Total
100,0 100,0 100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0 100,0 100,0
exporter
% Total
22,0 16,8
19,4
9,2
15,6
4,0
7,5
5,5 100,0

Source: Survey data of import-export enterprises, Institute of Industrial and Trade
policy and Strategy, Ministry of Industry and Trade
b / Some results of investment investigations by export enterprises
13

For investment activities to research and develop new export products, among 320
surveyed enterprises, there are 191/320 enterprises investing in new export product
development activities and 129/320 enterprises do not focus on investing in this activity. In
particular, state-owned enterprises and other types of enterprises invest little in this area
because state-owned enterprises are mainly loyal to traditional products with traditional
markets while other types of businesses are still facing many difficulties.
For investment activities to research and improve models and packaging for export
products, state-owned enterprises and enterprises in other types invest less in innovation
activities; improve models and packaging for export products. Enterprises are constantly
increasing over the years when competition in the export market is increasingly fierce and
difficult to access / expand the market.
Investing in customer research in the export market is the area most interested in
investing by businesses, with 219 enterprises selected out of 323 enterprises participating in
the survey. Most of the goods exporting enterprises in Vietnam spend part of their investment
in this research activity to understand the consumers of products: tastes, needs, shopping
habits...
Investment activities to research export channels of enterprises: Through investigation,
144/287 enterprises have invested in this activity, of which the number of joint stock
enterprises accounts for the largest with 53/287 enterprises. New enterprises that are operating
in the market not for a long time, need to conduct research activities to expand markets, find
potential markets and consumers as well as suitable forms of export to consume goods with
the most effective way.
Investment promotion activities: The number of Vietnamese export companies
interested in this field is not much, only 130/283 enterprises have invested in this activity,
accounting for 45.9% and focusing mainly on joint stock enterprises with 56/82 enterprises,
accounting for 43.1%. This may lead to some unfavorable conditions for our country's export
products when it is difficult to compete with new products invested heavily in the market with
many incentives on prices and export policies.
c / Some survey results on the enterprise's evaluation of investment level compare with
the current demand

For investment in research and development of export products, out of 279 Vietnamese
goods exporters participating in the survey, 129 enterprises rated the level of investment in
this activity at an average level compared with current demand. This shows that businesses
have considered and allocated investment capital appropriately for research and development
of export products.
For investment in research and development of export markets, the survey data from
274 enterprises indicated that the units are cautious in investing in research and development
and market expansion activities. The above results show that the number of enterprises
assessing the level of "small" investment is double the number of enterprises assessing the
"large" investment level compared to the demand, businesses cut costs for supporting
activities, focusing only on production of export goods.
Investment promotion activities have the highest number of enterprises rated "average"
with 111/261 enterprises, accounting for 42.5%, the number of assessments of "small" and
"too small" investments with demand. Most businesses believe that this is a necessary activity
14


to do if they want to sustainably export and have a firm foothold in the market, so businesses
think that they will continue to maintain this activity to get the best export results.
d / Some survey results on business activities of enterprises: The survey results show
that there are 220 enterprises importing directly, 85 enterprises buy through intermediaries,
104 enterprises buy through traders and 147 enterprises directly organizing procurement, in
addition to some other forms such as processing for foreign traders, importing raw materials
as designated ...
e / Some survey results on export transport of enterprises: For export goods transport,
up to 91.3% of enterprises (equivalent to 335/367 enterprises) confirm that use outsourcing
method. The current trend for export manufacturing enterprises is investment in warehousing
to help businesses save costs and be more proactive in exporting / importing raw materials
and goods to serve for production and processing of export goods and storage and
preservation of export goods.

f / Survey results on the main export activities of enterprises: The survey results show
that up to 69.3% of enterprises operating in the field of manufacturing and exporting, that is,
enterprises on progress purchasing raw materials from other enterprises, investing in
machinery and equipment to produce finished products, then exporting to markets in the
region and the world.
2.3. Current situation of factors affecting the structure of Vietnam's goods export
investment development
2.3.1. International factors
- The element of globalization and economic integration: Vietnam's participation in
international economic integration has had a strong impact on the model of economic
development in general and investment in export development in particular of the economy.
In this context, the restructuring of Vietnam's investment and export development will also be
affected by certain export markets and foreign direct investment flows.
- ASEAN economic linkage factor: ASEAN countries announced the establishment of
an Asian Economic Community (AEC) on December 2015. According to the AEC Master
Plan by 2025, the ASEAN region will form a common manufacturing area, a unified market.
This will be a factor affecting the restructuring process of export development investment of
Vietnam not only due to the increase in scale and scope of investment market, but also the
competitive pressure within ASEAN region.
- Foreign direct investment factor: The wave of FDI into Vietnam in particular and
ASEAN region increased sharply. However, international investors will choose one of the
ASEAN member countries in addition to the incentives that are more important than the
competitiveness of the economy, while Vietnam is at the bottom of competitiveness compared
with other countries in the region. This is a significant challenge for Vietnam not only in
increasing FDI attraction but also in exploiting trade development opportunities with
countries inside and outside ASEAN.
- Technology development factor in the world: Technological innovation to improve
competitiveness for Vietnamese enterprises is an urgent requirement in the context of
international integration and especially the industry revolution 4.0 can shorten the
industrialization process by leapfrog, leap forward to higher technology. However, without

proper approach and catching up the development level of the world and the region, Vietnam
15


will face an increasing risk of lagging behind in technology, excess labor and inequality in
society.
- Factors of environmental protection, anti-global climate change: According to the
climate change scenarios of Vietnam, by the end of the 21st century, there will be 40% of the
Mekong Delta area, 11% of the area of the Red River Delta and 3% of other coastal areas will
be flooded. Thus, climate change in Vietnam will have a strong impact on the process of
restructuring Vietnam's goods exports, especially in the agricultural sector in such aspects as:
investment in shifting product and production region structuring, search and investment in
environmentally friendly technology ...
2.3.2. Domestic elements
- Institutional factors - domestic law: The general legal system of Vietnam is still
lacking in detail; clearly, many documents are not feasible; The stability of the normative
system is weak. Legal documents are still mostly framed, difficult to apply directly to specific
cases, but through guidance and explanation documents.
- Economic factors: Controlling inflation and ensuring that the major balances of the
economy are not sustainable; Balancing the state budget is still difficult, there are still losses,
tax arrears, unreasonable spending structure, high budget deficit, not reaching the target of
4.5% of GDP; Government debt has exceeded the prescribed limit; Development investment
activities of enterprises in general still have many potential risks, especially long-term
investment; Business costs of enterprises in terms of transportation, loan interest rates... are at
a high level.
- Socio-cultural factors: Vietnam is still in the period of golden population ratio with
the proportion of working age population accounting for 54.8% in 2017. Besides, Vietnam is
in the process of urbanization. Although, the proportion of new urban residents accounts for
36% in 2017, but is on the rise, increasing an average of over 3% per year. These are factors
that positively influence economic sectors development in general and the development of

export industries in particular.
- Domestic technology factors: Vietnam's technology development level is still low,
while financial investment for science and technology has not exceeded 1% of the annual
budget. The labor force with scientific and technical qualifications is lacking compared to the
development requirements of many industries. The relationship between science and
technology activities and economic activity is revealing obvious shortcomings.
- Infrastructure factors: Infrastructure in Vietnam is still weak. Specifically, lowquality grid system, large power loss; infrastructure of industrial parks is not synchronous,
lack of essential social infrastructure works; Information and communication infrastructure is
growing fast but the coverage of telecommunication network is uneven; multi-purpose
infrastructure projects are few, low investment efficiency ...
2.3.3. Internal factors of enterprise
According to the survey results of Vietnam Chamber of Commercial and Industry
(VCCI) in December 2015, only 9% of Vietnamese enterprises understand relatively carefully
about TPP Agreement (now is CPTPP Agreement); According to the Department of Import
and Export, Ministry of Industry and Trade, currently only 35% of Vietnam's exports take
advantage of incentives from Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). Most Vietnamese enterprises
are small and medium-sized (accounting for 97%), poor competitiveness, lack of capital,
16


outdated equipment use, low value-added products, weak likability as well as no specific
business strategy ...
2.4. Evaluation of the current situation of shift of structure of development
investment in Vietnam's goods export
2.4.1. Achievements
Firstly, Vietnam's economy has strongly changed following the export-oriented
industrialization model.
Secondly, development investment capital in the Vietnamese economy has shifted
towards focusing more on sectors and economic sectors aimed at increasing exports,
especially in processing and manufacturing industries.

Thirdly, development investment capital in the Vietnamese economy has shifted
towards the increase of the region, foreign direct invested enterprises to develop production
and trade of export goods has created a strong export growth of goods.
Fourthly, enterprises in the economic sectors participating in Vietnam's main export
have actively invested in developing goods exports.
Fifthly, Vietnamese goods exporters have paid more attention to investment activities to
improve competitiveness in the export market.
The main cause of the achieved results
- The policy of timely development of goods export and international economic
integration of the Government, the efforts of the business community, of all levels and
branches.
- The process of globalization of the world economy is increasingly strengthened,
bilateral, regional and multilateral economic links become one of the key factors promoting
regional economic development and the world as well.
- The inevitable trend of development in almost all industries producing export goods is
that the private sector gradually replaces the state sector.
- Innovations in the mechanism of import and export management, market opening,
improved investment and business environment, transparent competition and more equality
between economic sectors ...
- The application of science and technology innovation has made progress, especially
in the fields of agriculture, construction, health, information and communication.
- The system of transport, energy and commercial infrastructure is focused on
construction investment and put into use and has contributed positively to socio-economic
development and goods export development.
- Inflation is controlled, macroeconomic is basically stable; exchange rates and foreign
exchange markets are stable; surplus balance of international payments and high foreign
exchange reserves.
- Vietnam has mobilized a large amount of investment capital for production and export
business, especially foreign direct investment to develop production and increase the amount
of goods for export.

- The creation of international business conditions and environment is more convenient
for goods import and export activities through the signing of international organizations and
agreements on trade and investment liberalization.
2.4.2. Limitations and causes
17


Firstly, investment in commodity export development is still largely in width, low
productivity and low added value.
Secondly, the overall growth of Vietnam's economy in general and the development of
commodity export in particular still relies heavily on investment capital, while the efficiency
of investment capital for economic growth is not high.
Table 2.6. Ratio of social investment / GDP and ICOR
Investment capital /GDP real price ICOR coefficient by price
(%)
2010
2006
38,1
4,57
2007
42,7
5,36
2008
38,2
6,75
2009
39,2
7,35
2010
38,5

6,38
2011
33,3
5,72
2012
31,1
6,76
2013
30,5
6,67
2014
31,0
6,29
2015
32,6
5,80
2016
33,0
6,42
2017
33,3
6,11
Source: Statistical Yearbook 2017
Thirdly, the structure of development investment by export industry sectors towards
creating a new competitive advantage, improving export advantages is slow and
unsustainable.
Fourthly, the number of enterprises in the economy has a rapid growth rate, but mainly
small and medium scale, the international business level of domestic enterprises is still low.
Fifthly, there are still many shortcomings in the development investment structure of
export-oriented industries.

Causes of shortcomings and limitations
- Objective causes: The world economy still contains many potential risks; the energy
demand of the world continues to increase strongly, affecting significantly the global
economic growth.
- Causes of mechanisms and policies of the Government, ministries and branches
Firstly, the state has not made breakthroughs to promote the growth of industrial
production, especially industries producing export goods, yet to create changes in the internal
structure of the industry according to way of increasing the proportion of high-tech industry is
accompanied by high added value.
Secondly, export-oriented and supporting industries are underdeveloped, the processing
and manufacturing industries are unreasonable between the stages, domestic raw materials
have not meet the demand for production, depending on the volatility of world supply and
demand.
Thirdly, the attraction and utilization of FDI sources are limited, especially the
technology transfer. The connection between FDI enterprises and domestic enterprises is

18


limited, obstructing productivity growth through technology transfer and improving
management skills.
Causes belong to enterprises: Small-scale domestic industrial enterprises and
competitiveness are generally low, and there are no competitive and regional brands of
industrial enterprises.
CHAPTER 3: SOLUTIONS TO IMPLEMENT RESTRUCTURE OF VIETNAM’S
GOODS EXPORT DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT FOR THE PERIOD TILL 2020
AND THE 2030 VISION
3.1. World and domestic trade and economic prospects related to Vietnam’s goods
export investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision
3.1.1. World economic and trade development prospects

3.1.1.1. World economic and trade development context
The prospect of economic development and world trade in the medium and long term
has been facing many unpredictable changes. The replacement of digital-based industries, the
Internet connecting things and the data-based economy will lead to global competition with
new competitors, the digital economy era will do changing consumer behavior.
3.1.1.2. Some forecasts of important economic and trade development
prospects in the world
a / Forecast of economic prospects, world trade in short and medium term
In terms of global economic growth: The financial market is likely to be more volatile,
and their level of influence on emerging and developing economies also increases; Trade
protectionism psychology increased, while policy instability and geopolitical risks also
increased.
On global trade growth: Emerging and developing economies may face a state of
divestment and financial downturn due to the policy of increasing interest rates in developed
countries. In the medium and long term, population aging in developed countries and the
process of rebalancing the economy in China are also factors affecting global trade.
b / Forecast of world trade economic prospects in long-term
- Forecast of gross domestic product growth: If calculated by purchasing power parity
(PPP), developing countries of Asia may account for 42.4% of world GDP by 2025, up from
37.5% in 2017. Similarly, the rate of East Asia increased to 23.5%, South Asia and Southeast
Asia to 11.2% and 6.8%. Large countries: China may account for 20.7% of world GDP, India
may rise to 9.3%, Indonesia may account for 2.8%, South Korea accounts for 1.5% and
Singapore accounts for 1.0 %
- Forecast of trade growth: Import demand increased in the US and Europe (EU),
increased intra-regional trade and increased consumer confidence in Asia.
First of all, the trend of shifting China's global value chain to developing countries in Asia.
Secondly, the economic impact of the one Belt and one Road Initiative. China's motive
for this ambitious initiative, including finding a lucrative path for foreign exchange reserves is
growing;
Thirdly, despite the transition to middle income, many countries in the region are facing

poverty and inequality in persistent income within the economy and between economies.
19


3.1.2. Domestic economic and trade growth prospects
Vietnam's medium-term economic and trade development prospects are facing not only
external risks, but also domestic risks, in particular:
- The growth model has not yet changed in accordance with development requirements,
still heavily dependent on capital, resources and low-level labor.
- The implementation of restructure of state-owned enterprise and banking sector
restructuring is relatively slow, which may adversely affect the macro-financial situation,
harm the prospect of growth and create a large obligation for State sector.
- Growth motivation still depends a lot on FDI and export. Export growth may slow
down in the coming years as the global economy is expected to slow down in a cycle that
weakens the external demand.
- Monetary policy needs to be planned to ensure against domestic input price pressures
and / or increased global commodity prices and maintain moderate inflation.
- Current account is still in surplus but at a lower level since 2019 due to the increasing
deficit in income accounts and services.
- The control of overspending and public debt is an important goal of the Government
in the coming years, but will hinder the increase in investment in public service provision,
especially in infrastructure development investment.
- The issue of economic growth must go hand in hand with reducing poverty rates,
which will create conflicts in policy priorities.
In addition, in the long term, economic experts have proposed two scenarios for
economic growth in the period 2021 - 2025:
Firstly, if the growth model is converted slowly and intermittently; not make good use
of opportunities from international integration; State governance has not been improved
significantly, ... then Vietnam will achieve the growth rate of 6.5%; 6.7% inflation; speed of
investment in production (investment capital / GDP) 13.14%;

Secondly, if the growth model is transformed continuously in the direction of
industrialization and modernization and the comparative advantage of the economy; take
advantage of benefits from bilateral and multilateral FTAs; State management has made much
progress, ... then Vietnam will maintain the growth rate at 7.1%; 7.21% inflation; speed of
investment in production (investment capital / GDP) of 15.30%.
3.1.3. Assessing the impact of domestic and international economic and trade growth
prospects on restructure of goods export development investment
3.1.3.1. Positive impact
Firstly, Vietnam has the opportunity to participate more deeply in investment and trade
flows between countries in the region and the world, thus promoting the process of
restructuring investment and development of export goods.
Secondly, in the period from now to 2020 and vision to 2030, Vietnam will continue to
be attractive to foreign investors to increase investment capital for export development.
Thirdly, the prospect of developing industries based on industrial revolution 4.0 in the
world will create opportunities for Vietnam to increase investment in developing modern
industries with advanced scientific and technological level.
3.1.3.2. Negative impact

20


Firstly, the forecasts of global economic growth and trade in the medium and long term
are lower than 10 years ago. This will have a negative impact on the efficiency of export
development investment and the ability of Vietnamese enterprises to re-invest in export
development.
Secondly, the global and domestic economic and trade context also has a negative
impact on the increasing prospects of attracting foreign investment into Vietnam's export
development.
Thirdly, the prospect of developing industries based on industrial revolution 4.0 in the
world can negatively affect investment in developing Vietnam's export industries.

3.2. Viewpoint, objective and orientation of restructure of Vietnam’s goods export
investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision
3.2.1. Viewpoint
- Restructuring development investment in goods export is a key task, throughout the
process of implementing model innovation, improving the quality of growth and economic
restructuring during the process of modernization and industrialization and international
economic integration.
- Restructuring investment in goods export development in combination with
increasing investment, exploiting the advantages and potential of export goods production and
increasing investment in raising production levels of industries and enterprises in economy;
the combination of increasing domestic and foreign resources attraction, focusing on
increasing domestic resources to export goods production.
- Restructuring investment in goods export development on the basis of rationally
ensuring export market development with developing domestic market, ensuring stable trade
balance; ensuring reasonable investment by economic region, domestic geographical area,
contributing to solving poverty reduction and environmental protection.
3.2.2. Objective
The proportion of social investment in the development of export economic sectors is
maintained equivalent to the period 2010-2018, from 62 to 64% of the total social investment
capital of the economy; The ratio of production and business capital of enterprises in export
industries in the total production and business capital of enterprises in the economy is higher
than that in the period of 2010-2018, corresponding to the rate of 35 - 40%; The rate of social
investment in the domestic economic sector is maintained at a high level equivalent to the
period 2010-2018, from 76 to 77% of the total social investment capital of the economy; The
ratio of production and business capital of domestic economic enterprises in the total
production and business capital of enterprises in the economy is higher than that in the period
of 2010-2018, corresponding to the rate of 82 - 85%.
3.2.3. Orientation of restructuring investment and export goods development
- Restructuring investment by economic sector involved to export goods: Restructuring
investment in export development in agriculture, forestry and fishery sectors; restructure

investment in goods export development in industries, service sectors for developing export
goods; restructure social investment into developing goods exports by economic sector.
- Restructuring of goods export development by region: Restructuring export
development investment towards promoting the potential and advantages of each region with
a long-term vision to reallocate production sectors and export services, enhancing
21


coordination, supplementing and connecting among localities in the region and among
regions, giving priority to developing key economic regions.
- Restructuring export development investment by business sector: Restructuring of
state-owned enterprises according to important branches and domains of security and defense
ensures stable domestic market; Restructuring investment in domestic enterprises in the
direction of innovation, development and proceeding to fully apply modern governance
framework; innovate the system of incentive leverage to ensure businesses compete fairly in
the market.
- Restructuring investment in goods export development on the basis of further
accelerating the process of formation and development of market factors of production:
Building a stable financial market development strategy, restructuring towards ensuring
balance between money market and capital market. Completing the legal framework for the
land use rights market, especially with agricultural land; formation and development of the
labor market; develop science and technology market, promote technology transfer in
enterprises through investment projects, invest in research, innovation and mastering
technology.
3.3. Propose solutions to implement estructure of vietnam’s goods export
development investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision
3.3.1. Solutions to implement restructure of goods export development investment in
the economy
3.3.1.1. Solutions to ensure increased investment in the economy
a / Solutions of macroeconomic stability: Implementing proactive and flexible

monetary policy. Operating interest rates, exchange rates in accordance with market
principles; restructure the budget expenditure in the direction of saving and improving the
efficiency of each expenditure item; restructuring public debt.
b / Solutions to improve the legal framework related to investment: Review, amend,
supplement and perfect mechanisms, policies and legal regulations on finance, state budget,
publicity, transparent; use infrastructure in the direction of ensuring favorable conditions for
production and business; continue to simplify and reduce administrative procedures; reduce
the cost of implementing administrative procedures and laws for business registration.
3.3.1.2. Solutions to mobilize investment capital for goods export development
a / For investment capital of the State: Enhancing discipline, transparency and
accountability in the use of state investment capital; consistent and effective implementation
of medium-term investment plans; focusing on investment from the state budget for
infrastructure development projects.
b / For non-state capital sources: Determining and announcing a list of feasible
infrastructure projects, focusing on import and export infrastructure; specifying conditions for
investors to be allocated or leased land to implement goods export development projects.
c / For foreign investment capital: To develop priority industries and trades, speed up
the economic transition and restructure. Develop specific criteria for assessing, evaluating and
selecting investors and foreign investment projects to achieve the objectives.
3.3.1.3. Solutions to ensure investment structure transition in the economy in general
and export development investment structure in particular

22


- Review and adjust the planning with the requirements of economic structure
transition in general and restructuring investment development of goods export.
- Restructuring investment in agricultural production in the direction of increasing
export, improving quality, added value and sustainability.
- Restructuring investment to develop industrial production in the direction of

increasing export of high value-added goods.
3.3.1.4. Solutions for market development of production factors
- For the capital market: Restructuring the securities market, credit institutions; reform
the State's investment credit allocation mechanism to ensure fair, equitable and transparent
access.
- For the labor market: Strengthening the supply of vocationally trained workers;
connecting training establishments with employers using the mechanism of bidding, ordering
or assigning tasks; build and operate the labor market information system, the national
database on the labor market.
- For the science and technology market: Promoting the leverage role of the process of
economic restructuring associated with the transition of the growth model of science and
technology; encourage and support research activities at enterprises, especially large-scale
enterprises.
3.3.1.5. Solutions for enterprise development involved to export in the economy
- Restructuring of state-owned enterprises: Restructuring the portfolio of business and
investment sectors, focusing on key industries and industries with appropriate capabilities and
competitive advantages.
- Developing and improving the quality of non-state enterprises: Supporting innovation
and improving technological capacity for small and medium enterprises; improve
management capacity for business managers.
- Attract foreign-invested enterprises: Develop and implement the strategy of
promoting foreign direct investment into export priority industries and trades.
3.3.2. Solutions on restructuring investment to export goods
at the enterprise scale
3.3.2.1. For enterprises producing, processing and exporting products according to
commodity lines
- Enhance capital mobilization for investment in development investment restructuring;
- Develop a plan to analyze the status of production activities;
- Develop a structure plan and allocate capital;
- Strengthening alliances and links between businesses;

- Organize and restructure production scale;
- Improve the competitiveness of goods;
- Increasing investment to improve science and technology;
- Improve the level of managers and train and foster staff.
3.3.2.2. For general trading and service export enterprises
- Increasing investment in market information;
- Strengthening the connection between enterprises and domestic and foreign industry
associations and promotion organizations;
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- Investment in building a market penetration strategy;
- Improve management and professional skills for staff.
CONCLUSION
Restructure of goods export development investment plays an important role in the
economic growth and development of each country. Facing a new context in the country and
the world as well, which has had many impacts on commodity export development, Vietnam
needs to have new directions in restructuring goods export development investment and
improve competitiveness, in accordance with the process of international economic
integration and in the national industrialization and modernization process. From those
approach viewpoints, the dissertation: “Restructure of Vietnam's goods export
development investment for the period till 2020 and the 2030 vision” has focused on
research:
Systemize and clarify the rationale for investment structure and restructure of goods
export development investment in the economy.
On the basis of secondary and primary data sources, the dissertation has analyzed the
current situation of export development investment structure and restructure shift of export
development investment in the scope of economy and the scope of Vietnamese enterprises
doing export business.
On the basis of analyzing the domestic and foreign context, the guidelines and

orientations of the Party, the National Assembly and the Government on renovating the
growth model, restructure the economy, strategies and export development orientations of
Vietnam, the dissertation proposes views, objectives, orientations and solutions to implement
restructure of Vietnam’s goods export development investment for the period till 2020 and the
2030 vision.
With the results achieved, the author hopes that the issues analyzed and the groups of
solution mentioned in the dissertation will help policy makers in the field of goods export
development investment to get an overall picture and some practical bases to promptly
develop policies, support and remove difficulties in mechanisms and policies to ensure that
import-export enterprises operate effectively and at the same time the dissertation oriented
and recommended enterprises to restructure goods export development investment in an
appropriate and effective manner and export high value-added goods, participate in the value
chain of production and global supply. The dissertation could also be a useful reference for
relevant researchers, for export business enterprises and for students in the process of learning
and researching on export development investment./.

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