TRANSFORMATION OF HOCHIMINH CITY TO a METROPOLIS regional coordination issues
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SOUTH-EAST ASIA URBAN SYSTEMS WORKSHOP
TRANSFORMATION OF HOCHIMINH CITY
TO A METROPOLIS
Regional coordination issues
Dr. Nguyen Ngoc Hieu, 2017
1
DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND
REGIONAL COORDINATION
PORT’S COMPETITION
DISCUSSION
Hochiminh city aerial view, travip 2015.
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
2
DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND
Disctrict 1 – CBD 2015.
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
3
DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND
Hochiminh city
•
•
•
•
•
•
Largest population city
National economic hub & driver
International & regional
connecting role
Kernel of the most dynamic
region
2095 km2
8.2 million
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
4
DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND
Fast growth
•
•
Population grows 2%
recently
Spatial growth double
its rate
HCMC population 19952015
9000000
8000000
7000000
6000000
5000000
4000000
3000000
2000000
1000000
0
Climate change and adaptation atlas for Hochiminh city, VCAPS, 2013
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
4.50%
4.00%
3.50%
3.00%
2.50%
2.00%
1.50%
1.00%
0.50%
0.00%
HCMC population
Urban systems in South East Asia
HCMC population growth rate
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
5
DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND
Historical review
•
•
Expansion
during wartime
Only to the
North
Dupa introduction to HCMC planning, 2012
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
6
DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND
Settlement pattern
•
•
•
Compact city
One large core – old centre
Sprawling to the South Eastern economic
region: 30.000km2, 16 mill, in 8 provinces
Landsat map, internet, 2015.
Source: author using census data 2009.
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
7
DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND
2008 regional plan for a metropolis (under
revision)
•
•
Multi nodal
pattern
Metro links to
regional cities
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
8
DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND
2012 plan inward development
•
•
Go East, South,
and other
directions
Make use of
available
territorial
resources
Dupa introduction to HCMC planning, 2012
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
9
DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND
Housing disparity
& urban poor
• Slum areas
• Segregation
deepening
Slums in Kenh doi, District 4, HCMC, internet, 2016
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
10
DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND
Congestion
•
Private vehicle
boom &
congestion
8000000
20.00%
6000000
15.00%
4000000
10.00%
2000000
5.00%
0
0.00%
2009
2011
2013
2015
Increase rate (%)
VEHICLE NUMBER
Motorised vehicle change
between 2009-2015
Peak hour morning congestion in Hanoi Highway, Dist 2, 2015, internet
Axis Title
car number
motorcycle number
car growth rate
Urban systems in South East Asia
motorcycle growth rate
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
11
DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND
Urban flooding
•
•
Land cover
change
Climate change
1985
2015
Water body
Rice field
Perennial tree
Bare soil
Residential
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
12
DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND
Environmental issue
•
Water & air pollution increase
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
13
DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND
Annual max rainfall volume
Tan Son Hoa station
180
Water supply in
danger
140
120
Xmax (mm)
•
160
Salinity intrusion
due to high tidal
flood simulation.
100
80
60
y = 0.777x - 1453.5
40
20
0
Year
Counts of water level X
Phu An station
120
100
80
counts
120
60
130
140
40
145
20
0
1975
-20
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
year
Tidal simulation in 2050, Phi, Ho Long, 2011.
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
14
REGIONAL COORDINATION
HCMC region conceptual multi-model development, SISP, 2008
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
15
REGIONAL COORDINATION
Regional link
Road & rail: Belt & radial high ways HCMC regional plan 2008
Long
Thanh
Hiep
Phuoc
HCMC regional transport planning, 2008, SISP.
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
16
REGIONAL COORDINATION
Regional linkage
development
• Within province
competition
• Regional competition
HCMC Regional planning, 2008, SISP.
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
17
KEY
PROJECTS
REGIONAL
COORDINATION
Rail system
•
•
Ambitious ground
rails – freight
priority
Lack of resource –
no commitment so
far
HCMC Transport planning, 2013, Decision 568, PM.
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
18
KEY
PROJECTS
REGIONAL
COORDINATION
Rail & metro
•
•
Ambitious metro
lines & Rail link
Short of resources
and synergy
HCMC Transport planning, 2013, Decision 568, PM.
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
19
REGIONAL COORDINATION
Industrial (concentrated) parks
•
•
Industrial park ribbon within HCMC and in
the region
Within province priority
Existing IPs
Urban
systems
New
IPs in South East Asia
HCMC Regional planning, 2008, SISP.
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
20
KEY
PROJECTS
REGIONAL
COORDINATION
Road transportation
•
•
Lack of resource
Delayed
investment
HCMC Regional planning, 2008, SISP.
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
21
REGIONAL COORDINATION
Climate change
response
• Dykes & tide control
within city region
• Expansion possibility
later
• Hard measure focus
• Delayed investment
• PPP solution –
started 2016
Tidal flood protection, Decision 1547, 2008, Phi, Ho Long, 2011.
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
22
REGIONAL COORDINATION
Mushrooming sea ports
•
•
Relocation of inner sea
ports upon city
expansion and new
growth strategy.
Sea ports & logistic hub
competition problem
Port relocation, Xuan Thanh, 2012
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
23
PORTS & IPS COMPETITION
Tan Thuan
ICD & Other
Hiep Phuoc
Long An
Cai Mep – Thi Vai
Sao Mai – Ben Dinh
Urban planning & Design manual, 2010, MOC-DANIDA.
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
24
PORTS & IPS COMPETITION
Regional sea ports
•
2+2+1 cities and
provinces
Urban systems in South East Asia
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
25
