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NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUPLIC ADMINISTRATION

PHAN THI MY BINH

STATE MANAGEMENT FOR
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ACTIVITIES
OF THE VIETNAMESE CATHOLIC ASSOCIATION

Major: Public Management
Code: 9.34.04.03
SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS
IN PUBLIC MANAGEMENT


Supervisors:
Associate Professor Ph. D. Hoang Van Chuc
Associate Professor Ph. D. Nguyen Thanh Xuan
Reviewer 1: …………………………………………………
Reviewer 2: …………………………………………………
Reviewer 3: …………………………………………………

The thesis is presented at the Academy-level Thesis Assessment Council
At National Academy of Public Administration
Time: ... date ... month ... 2018

The thesis can be found at:
- The Vietnam National Library
- Library of National Academy of Public Administration


has become popular in modern society. Globalization has influenced

and governed to all domains including religion. With this general trend,
Viet Nam has participated in international integration since 1986,
together with religion. Most of religions in Viet Nam have the
international relations with the foreign religious organizations, without
excluding Vietnamese Catholic Association.
International relations activities help Vietnamese Catholic
Association on organizational maturity Church, expanding the
exchange activities of purely religious activities, raising the
qualification of dignitaries in the Church.
International

relations

activities

of

Vietnamese

Catholic

Association is a special type because apart the relationship on the
church organization it is also diplomatic relations between the two
countries. Meanwhile, state management practices for international
relations activities of religions in general and Catholic Church in
particular is a complex and difficult task. Just to ensure religious
freedoms accord with Viet Nam and international law, just to assure the
international relations policy of the Party and State, just to struggle
against religion undermining the advantage of the industrial revolution.
With the current globalization context, the international relations of

religions is increasingly rich, diverse and complex. Especially now the
State of Viet Nam has not been planning a strategy for foreign religions


Catholic Association” as the topic of doctoral thesis Public
Management.
2. Aims and Objectives
2.1. Aims
Research state management for the international relations
activities of Vietnamese Catholic Association, hence suggest some
solutions to perfect state management regarding the international
relations activities of Catholic Church in Viet Nam Association.
2.2. Objectives
- Overview of research on state management for the international
relations activities of Vietnamese Catholic Association.
- Clarify the scientific basic in state management for the
international relations activities of Vietnamese Catholic Association.
- Analyze the actual situation of the international relations
activities and state management for the international relations activities
of Vietnamese Catholic Association.
- Analyze the orientation and propose solutions in order to futher
improve state management for the international relations activities of
Vietnamese Catholic Association.
3. Subjects and Scope of study
3.1. Subjects
State management for the international relations activities of


- About space: The subject study deployed research on Viet Nam
territory.

- About time: The subject study focused on researching from 1990
to 2018.
4. Methodology and Research method
4.1. Methodology
The thesis was approached on the basic principles of Marxist and
Leninist, Ho Chi Minh ideology, revolution lines of Viet Nam
Communist Party and Viet Nam State policies on religion and foreign
religion in the renovation period.
4.2. Research method
The thesis used the following research methods:
- Theoretical research method;
- Practical research method;
- The other auxiliary research methods.
5. Research question and Scientific hypothesis
Research question:
Question 1: How do the international relations activities of
religious organizations influence in social- economic development in
Viet Nam?
Question 2: What are the results and limitations of the
international relations activities of Vietnamese Catholic Association?


Vietnamese Catholic Association.
6. Theoretical and practical meaning of the thesis
- About theory: overview of State management scientific basis for
the international relations

activities of Vietnamese

Catholic

Association.
- About practice:
+ Overview of published scientific works about international
relations and state management for the international relations activities
of Vietnamese Catholic Association.
+ Analyze and asses practice of the international relations
activities of Vietnamese Catholic Association.
+ Propose orientation and measures in order to perfect state
management for the international relations activities of Vietnamese
Catholic Association.
7. New contribution
- Overview of the works related to international relations activities
and state management for the international relations activities of
Vietnamese Catholic Association.
- Clarify state management scientific basis for international
relations activities in general and the international relations activities of
Vietnamese Catholic Association in particular.
- Clarify state management practice for the international relations


Chapter 2: Scientific basis of State management for international
relations activities of religious organizations.
Chapter 3: Practice of international relations and state
management for international relations activities of Vietnamese
Catholic Association.
Chapter 4: Orientation and solutions to complete state
management for international relations activities of Vietnamese
Catholic Association.

Association are: Nguyen Van Kiem, Truong Ba Can, Bui Duc Sinh,
Nguyen Hong Duong, etc. The authors researched mainly on history of
Catholic Church, the introduction and development procedure of
Catholic Church in Viet Nam.
1.2. The study of state management for religion.
- The research related to state management for religious activities
in general focused on two parts: Marx-Engels, Lenin and Ho Chi
Minh’s ideology about religion and religious affair, including some
typical authors: Nguyen Duc Su, Ngo Huu Thao, Le Huu Nghia,
Nguyen Duc Lu, Do Quang Hung, Nguyen Thanh Xuan, Hoang Minh
Do, Do Lan Hien. The research of state management for religious
activities in Viet Nam have typical authors: Nguyen Thanh Xuan,
Nguuyen Huu Khien and Bui Duc Luan, since 2004 backward.
1.3.

The study of

international relations and state

management for international relations of Vietnamese Catholic
Association
The study related to international relations and state management
for international relations of Vietnamese Catholic Association has
occurred in thesis, articles on magazine and research in conference,
workshop with some authors: Nguyen Thi Bach Tuyet, Ngo Thi Xuan
Lan, Nguyen Van Dung, Nguyen Huu Duc.
1.4. Achieved results and Established issues to research

+ Foreign lines of Viet Nam Communist Party and State in
integration period.
+ Introduction and development procedure of Vietnamese
Catholic Association.
+ Content of state management for religious activities in Viet Nam
from 1990 to 2004.
+ International relations of religious organizations in Viet Nam
since 2015 backward.
+ Relations between the State of Viet Nam and the Vatican.
1.4.2. Established issues to research
- About theory:
+ Clarify the theory of state management for religious activities,
and the theory for international relations of religious organizations.
+ International experience in state management for religion and
relations with the Vatican.
- About practice:
+ Assess relations practice between Vietnamese Catholic
Association and the Vatican and some other countries’ Catholic
Association, religious organizations in the world.
+ Assess practice of state management for international relations
of Vietnamese Catholic Association in recent years.
+ Clarify reasons of ineffectiveness in state management for



2.1. Rationale
2.1.1. Definition terms
Religion: The belief of human existence with the system concept
and activity including worship, catechism, canon law, rites and
operation.

Religious operation: The collection of believers, dignitaries, priest
of a religion that is organized under a certain structure, is recognized
by State to carry out religious activities.
Religious activity: The activities of evangelization of religion,
activities and management religious operation.
State management for religious activity: The process of impact,
administration, adjustment of State in order to make religious activities
take place in accordance with the law.
Catholic: The general, universal direction, the public religion
embrace everyone, without excluding any nation or country.
Vietnamese Catholic Association: including two meanings: (1) the
whole community of faithful (Catholics) and dignitaries (clergy) of
Viet Nam Catholic. (2) the powerful institution – the organizational
structure of the Catholic community in Viet Nam.
International relations: The overall relationship of economy,
politic, ideology, law, diploma, military, etc. between the countries and


State management for the international relations activities of
religious organizations: The process of impact, administration,
adjustment of the State in order to make the international relations
activities of religious organization in Viet Nam take place in
accordance with the law.
2.1.2. Content of state management for the international
relations of religious organizations
- Construct legal system of international relations of religious
organizations.
- Construct organizational structure and cadres and civil servants
- Organize implementation of policies and legislation related to
international relations of religious organizations.

- Inspect, check the implementation of legislation.
- Manage the international relations activities of religious
organizations.
2.1.3. Subjects, Objects and Method of management
- Subjects of management: the central level (Government, the
Government Committee for Religious Affairs, Ministry of Public
Security, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Office of the Government) and
the provincial People’s Committee.
- Objects of management:
+ Religious organizations, religious people (believers, dignitaries,


+ Construct a core force in religion
2.2. Practical basis
2.2.1. The factors affecting the international relations of
religious organizations
- Foreign factors
+ Influence of the Fourth Industrial Evolution to the international
relations of religious organizations in Viet Nam.
+ Influence of international law to freedoms of religion.
- Domestic factors
+ Impact of the market economy;
+ Impact of the open-door policies, the international integration of
Vietnamese Party and Sate;
+ Impact of innovation policies regard to religion of Party and
Sate.
2.2.2. Objective requirements of state management for the
international relations activities of religious organizations
- Existence, development process of Vietnamese Catholic
Association have a large influence for the development of country and

nation.
- Local authorities, responsible officers have yet to realize fullly
grasping the guidelines, policies of Party, legislation of Sate on
religion.


Party, State and community.
2.2.3. Practice of international relations of Vietnamese State and
international relations of religious organizations in Viet Nam in
recent years
- The international relations of Viet Nam over the periods: From
the time of founding to the period of resistance against foreign
aggressors invaded, and the period of peace, Vietnamese Party and Sate
always wish to have diplomatic relations with the countries in the
world. Especially, since 1986 to now Viet Nam has a way, expanded
foreign policy and diplomatic relations with 187 countries, and is a
member of many international organizations.
- The international relations of religious organizations in Viet
Nam: Most of religious organizations in Viet Nam have international
relations with foreign religious organizations and other organizations.
- The relationship between Vietnamese State and the Vatican:
Since 1990 to 2018 Vietnamese State and the Vatican have had many
meetings and dialoged some issues which both sides cared about,
related to Vietnamese Catholic Association.
2.3.

International lessons

for

state

management for

international relations of religious organizations in Viet Nam
2.3.1. Relationship between State and Church
- Russian Federation: the religious policies of Russian Federation


- Relationship between Russian Federation and the Vatican:
Russian Federation has relationship with the Vatican from the middle
of the XV century and was cut off for not bringing any results. By the
early of 60s of the XX century, this relationship was set back. On March
15th, 1990 Russian Federation and the Vatican established formal
diplomatic relation on the basis of delimiting the past and forwards
future.
- Relationship between the Republic Union Myanmar and the
Vatican: the Republic Union Myanmar is a Muslim country and have a
small proportion of Catholics, but on May 4th, 2017 established formal
diplomatic relation with the Vatican.
2.3.3. Lessons for Viet Nam
Relationshiip between State and Church: the State should manage
religion by legal system, however should also faciliate interest and
investment for religions which have much contributions for building
and retention country in the integration period.
Relationship with the Vatican: both Russian Federation and
Myanmar had not good relationship with the Vatican in the past, even
confrontation, struggle fiercely with each other. However, now both
countries, particular Myanmar is a Southest Asian neighbours country
of Viet Nam, put the past behind and look forward future, construct

diplomatic relations not only with the Vatican but also with other



3.1. Generalizing of Vietnamese Catholic Association
3.1.1. Introduction and development process
- Beginning period (1533-1659): Catholic came to Viet Nam in
1533, by a cleric named Irigo came to Ninh Cuong and Quan Anh
villages, Nam Chan district and Tra Lu village, Giao Thuy district, Nam
Dinh province. From 1533 to 1659 the Catholics had increased up to
100.000 people over the country. The Catholics held religious activities
by small communities, did not form organization church and the places
of workshop.
- The period of formation of diocese (1659-1884): On September
th

9 , 1659 Pope Alexander VII decreed “Super Cathedram Principis” to
establish in Viet Nam two primary dioceses and assigned two
missionaries of the Paris missionary society as representatives of the
Court.
- Development period (1885-1960): After Dong Duong
community, Viet Nam Catholic Church developed quickly because of
clear orientation, many new dioceses were established. To 1939
Vietnamese Catholic Association had 16 dioceses, 17 Bishops,
1.544.765 Catholics.
- Mature period (1960-1975): This period marked an significant
event of Vietnamese Catholic Association, on November 24th, 1960


Court of Bishop. The congress issued a public letter in 1980, with the

direction of “Living the Gospel in the heart of the nation to serve the
welfare of compatriots”
3.1.2. The Church organization
- Organization structure: Vietnamese Catholic Association is one
of the major religion, have tight organization with 3 ecclesiastical
provinces and 26 dioceses.
- Hierarchy: Head of 3 ecclesiastical provinces are 3 Archbishop
and head of dioceses are Bishops. To October 2016, the Holy appointed
116 Bishops, including 6 Cardinals, 10 Archbishopsand 96 Bishops.
3.1.3. Characteristic of Vietnamese Catholic Association
- Vietnamese Catholic Association is dependent and received the
direction of organization and activites of the Vatican.
- The missionary relationship is condition for Viet Nam Catholic
to have international relations.
- National cultural integration.
3.2. Practice of the international relations of Vietnamese
Catholic Association
3.2.1. With the Vatican
Relationship Viet Nam – the Vatican on Church
- The activities of the Vatican in Viet Nam: Vietnamese Catholic
Association has a tight relation with the Vatican about organizational


- With French Catholic Association: Relationship of Church and
religion with purely charitable and humanitarian activities.
- With American Catholic Association: Relationship of religion
through the visit, work, exchange, learn and humanitarian activities.
- With Vietnamese Catholics communication in foreign.
3.2.3. Relationship between the Vatican and Vietnamese Sate
related to Vietnamese Catholic Association

- The period of 1990 backward: Although no formal relation on
State, Vietnamese senior leader had meetings with the representatives
of the Vatican.
- The period from 1990 to 2018: The representative of the Vatican
and the representative of Viet Nam Government have had 18 times
meeting, discuss about the problems regard to Vietnamese Catholic
Association. Both sides have established the Team of mixed experts
Viet Nam – Vatican since 2009. By 2018 Team of mixed experts Viet
Nam – Vatican had 7 meetings and agreed to upgrade from non-resident
envoy to resident envoy of the Vatican in Viet Nam.
3.3. Practice of State management for international relations
of Vietnamese Catholic Association
3.3.1. The legal system construction of international relations of
religion
The legal system of international relations of religious


facilitates the religions to involve in international relations.
3.3.2.Organizational structure and Cadres, Civil servants
- The system which works on religious affairs form national to
basic level is reinforced and consolidated.
- However the reality qualified cadres working in religious affairs,
particular in diplomatic affairs of religion, are mainly part-time, and
mostly without training, fostering intensive religion, skills to tackle the
specific religious situations.
3.3.3. Implementation of legislation policies on international
relations of religious organizations
- Propaganda affairs about legislation policies are occurred
regularly by plans with varied forms with different objects (staff, civil
servant, believer, dignitary of religion)

- The mobilization of masses are make with many diverse forms
through good organization of the patriotic emulation movement.
- The foreign affairs help friends around the world understand the
religious and policy situation of Viet Nam by: complete legal system;
dialogues about human rights, religion; the conferences, seminars in
order to enlist the support of the countries in the world and region.
3.3.4. Inspection, checking the implementation of the law
The inspection, checking the implementation of the law of religion
in general and of international relations of Vietnamese Catholic


expropriation, requisition currently using, or by government borrowing
does not return to the religious organizations; or religious installations
are closing unused.
3.3.5. Management specific international relations activities
- Vietnamese Catholic Association and individuals participate in
religious activities in foreign;
- The religious activities of foreigners legally resident in Viet
Nam;
- Patriarch consecration, appointment, election have foreign
elements;
- The social activities of foreign religious organizations,
individuals in Viet Nam.
3.4. General evaluation
3.4.1. The achieved results
Firstly, Facilitating for Catholics to involve in international
activities in the framework of law. Create conditions for Catholic
Association to maintain and expand the relations with the Vatican, the
Catholic Association of other countries in region and over the world,
training of highly qualified cleric.

Secondly, through international relations of Vietnamese Catholic
Association make the world deeply understand Viet Nam, the freedom
belief and religion policy in Viet Nam.


The relationship between the Vatican and Vietnamese State is in
exchanging level.
Enlist international relations of the hostile forces.
Enlist the humanitarian activities of the foreign non-government
organizations.
3.4.3. Reasons
- Reasons for the achieved results
+ About cognition: the Party and State have close and timely
guidance for international relations of religious organizations.
+ About action: the good law propaganda will be effective on state
management.
- Reasons for the limitations
+ Viet Nam has not had a diplomatic religion strategy which is full
and comprehensive.
+ The qualified of cadres who is working in affairs related to
diplomatic

religion

is

weak

on

speciality,

profession

and

communication skills.
+ The coordination between the units, departments just is a
formality.
+ The relationship between Vietnamese State and the Vatican still
contains psychological misgivings.


- Expanding international relations and interreligious dialogue
- Developing religion associated with social activities
- Taking advantages of international relations of the Vietnamese
Catholic Association by hostile forces
4.2. Ho Chi Minh’s ideology, the Party’s viewpoint, the State’s
policy on religion
4.2.1. Ho Chi Minh’s ideology on religion and religious affair.
- Respect and ensure freedom of religious beliefs and freedom of
non-religious beliefs of citizens.
- Facilitate religions to build international relations.
- Struggle to prevent the enemies from taking advantage of
religion, disguising in religion to destroy the revolution and society.
4.2.2. Party’s viewpoints, Government’s policies on religion and
Catholic
Inheriting Ho Chinh Minh’s ideology on religion and religious
affair including religious diplomacy, the Party and the State have issued
many documents to direct the international relations of the religions by

means of Ordinance 234, Resolution 24, Resolution 25 and many legal
documents guiding the implementation with the direction: beliefs,
religions are long-term issues and the spiritual needs of a part of people;
instructing religions to implement foreign relations in accordance with
the Party and State’s foreign policies. In addition to the religious


the foreign policy of the Party and State of Vietnam, Resolution
No.25/NQ-TU and Resolution of the 11th Party Congress affirmed:
- Instruct religions to implement foreign relations in accordance
with the foreign policy of the Party and the State.
- Proactively improve the quality of foreign information and
propaganda, making international friends and people all around the
world more and more fully and comprehensively understand the
Vietnamese country and people, the guidelines and policies of
Vietnamese Party and State and the renovation of Vietnam.
- Promote the role of Vietnam in international forums and world
people’s movements.
- Successfully mobilize the Vietnamese community abroad.
4.3. State management solution for international relations
activities of the Vietnamese Catholic Association
4.3.1. Group of solutions related to institutions and policies
Consensus on the awareness of religious affairs and international
relations activities of the Vietnamese Catholic Association.
- Complete the system of legal documents on international
relations on religion: The order of patriarch consecration, appointment,
vote and election with foreign elements; Sanctions against violations;
Regulations on organizing international conferences and seminars on
religion in Vietnam; Coordination mechanism among sectors to resolve

4.3.3. Group of solutions on religious foreign affairs
- Ensuring freedom of religion and beliefs of citizens pursuant to
the Constitution and International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights that Vietnam has signed.
- Strengthening foreign affair propaganda, taking advantage of the
support of the nations, international organizations, NGOs and
progressive people all over the world.
- Expanding the relationship between Vietnam and the Vatican.
4.3.4. Group of solutions on public mobilization
- Innovating methods of mobilization and enlisting the heads.
- Building a key force in the Catholic people.
- Forming a good relationship with the Vietnamese Catholic
community abroad.
- Promoting the role of the Catholics in social life.
4.3.5. Group of solutions on inspection, examination and
complaints and denunciations settlement
- Regarding inspection: The inspection staff must be ethical,
professional and knowledgeable about law, inspection activities should
be conducted in accordance with the law and right competence.
- Regarding complaints and denunciations settlement: Complaints
should be settled right from the fundamental level; the settlement must
strictly comply with the Party’s and the State’s guidelines and policies