1.
Money is the instrument of exchange, helping in buying and selling and also in fixing a value
on things and commodities. It may be in metal or in paper. With the market getting more and
more complicated, there are other negotiable instruments which are as good as the minted
coins or the printed notes. Money gives purchasing power but this power is not absolute as it
is on various factors. In such a case it is termed currency and according to their purchasing
power they are termed hard, soft and weak. Though coins and notes are issued by the
Government of the country, there is a limit to their minting.
Let us see why money is needed. It is simply because it helps the processor to buy things.
The days of battering are gone though it is indirectly resorted to at international level. Money
is helpful as a standard of price. Money helps the owner to have power not only in buying
things but also in influencing many human activities. Money is used for good things such as
using it to build a temple, a church or a museum. Great educational institutions can be built.
Students can be helped by providing them with scholarships in furthering their studies. The
Nobel Prize would not have been there but for the huge sum of money earned by Alfred
Nobel.
Money can buy men as it does things. Thus money plays an important role in fighting and
winning elections. Money mars men’s and women’s morals. It is the evil influence in
corrupting people. “Sell out” is the new term used for bribery.
There are people who could do anything for the sake of money. Moneyed people can buy
many things which the poor cannot do.
With the power of money, individuals as well as states can dictate terms. The Middle East
countries have found new wealth because of their oil deposits and they have become a very
powerful group.
This kind of power should not go to one’s head. One should remember that the money
coming into him was by chance. He must not use it for evil purposes. But wherever there is
evil there is usually money involved. Other motivating forces for evil action are jealousy,
vengeance, hatred and so on.
Money is normally the fruit of labour. The question is how one spends that money. Great
thinkers have suggested that one who has money enough and enough to spare must look
upon himself as the trustee of the money and see to it that it is spent in a wise and useful
way. There is nothing good or evil about money. It depends on how one puts it to. The same
money which could help bring relief to the suffering million, can be used to build up
armaments. The hope of getting money spurs one into action. The power decides how to
spend the money. Money can be used morally or immorally. A morally strong man may not
use money in evil ways and vice versa.
2.
The statement assumes that when a man is educated it alienates him from his people. Let us look at
how well educated he is. Education is not merely getting certain diplomas and degrees. Education is to
civilize the man and to draw the best in him. It must result on an all rounded personality, physically,
mentally, intellectually, morally and spiritually. He is humble, able to look after himself and others,
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can act as the occasion demands, morally upright and can be useful to himself and to others.
What do we see today? The so-called educated class displays their snobbery. They form a class apart
from others. They think they know too much and they should not be found in ordinary man. The so
called educated is good at quoting from books and papers he has read. His morals are only superficial.
The fruit of his knowledge does not normally filter to the ordinary level. So the fruits of his
knowledge are no more fruits since they do not reach the common man for further propagation. This
snobbery is seen even among the members of a family especially when the son educated in a collage
begins to look down upon his own parents and their ways of life. The life in a hostel does not normally
improve the character of a student. Hostel is after all a place where one pays for the services and
having enjoyed certain conveniences the educated boy or girl returns home only to find things very
different. He cannot adjust himself to the common surroundings since he has had a taste of the
artificial world outside. Thus the educated man is an alien in his own home and familiar surroundings.
In most countries the type of education given is only to fit the student for a particular job; very rarely
is education given to fit him for life outside. Very often a student going to a western country tries to
ape the habits, way of life and puts on artificial ways of talking.
In order to overcome this lopsided development, educationists from Rousseau downwards have
recommended methods where the child will learn in a natural atmosphere instead of being pulled out
of it. The glamor of studying abroad is always attractive. There is a need for change in the philosophy
of education so that the life’s purpose may be made clear and the objectives or goals are reached.
3. Describe a sports-meeting.
Sports lovers here always look forward to the month of August or September because of the Inter
School Sports-meeting. These occasions used to be very colorful and attractive. Just like the previous
years, this year’s sports-meeting was enjoyable.
It was held in the Thong Nhat Stadium in Ho Chi Minh city. The stadium was cheerfully decorated for
that purpose. The bitumen tracks were neatly marked with white paint. The sports officials were in
their official badges and the whole day they were busy with preparations. At about 2 p.m. that day,
there was a march past by athletes in their respective school colors and flags. The chief Education
Officer took the salute. With the singing of the Nation Anthem and the hoisting of the National Flag,
he declared the meeting open.
There were many interesting events. There were also separate events for boys and girls. The
competitors were tense and serious. They were in excellent physical fitness. Some new records were
set in the 100, 200 and 400 meter races. The hurdles and relays were some of the interesting track
events. The girls’ events added some color and mirth to the spectators. Of the girls’ items, the tug-ofwar was a never ending source of merriment. Throughout the events, our school band was in
attendance.
After the meeting was over, the Chief Education Officer gave the trophies and certificates to the
winners. He complimented the athletes on their performance. The Secretary of the Inter School Sports
Council thanked the distinguished guests for their presence. With the singing of the Nation Anthem,
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the meeting came to a grand close.
On that particular day, we shared the atmosphere of real joy and gladness. It is one of the most
enjoyable days in our academic life.
4. Advertising is a way to draw the attention of the public. Discuss.
Advertisement is highly developed nowadays. To some extent nature itself advertises her wares; for
instance, the color and smell of flowers is nothing but advertisement to attract the attention of insects
and birds and the promise of honey is the gift.
Advertising is one of the media to draw the attention of the public and to educate them regarding a
particular product. This is called the psychology of persuasion in converting people to a way of life or
thinking. For example, to introduce a new drink, it is not enough if the product is good; the public
should be made to realize its existence. The manufacturer adopts subtle ways to advertising. It must
appeal visually. Since advertisement has become very important and the methods used are many, it
has become a very professional trade today. In fact, advertising agencies do good business. Since they
employ specialists like artists and script writers, the advertiser can have expert service at a price.
There are hundreds of ways of advertising. Generally they may have visual, audio and audiovisual
appeal. Leaflets and brochures are produced describing a colorful product. Free samples are given, so
that new customers may be found. Calendars are quite common and there are very plain ones to
picturesque ones. Calendar manufacturing during the end of the year is a big business.
Perhaps one of the most popular medium of advertisement is the newspaper, since they reach a very
wide section of public. Some products are advertised throughout the year and they generate a source
of income for the newspaper. Here the picture and the script play a very important part. Nowadays
small gifts like key chains, purses, table wares and so on are used to advertise.
If the same advertisements are issued for too long they become boring. The advertiser knows this, so
he changes the mode of advertisement from time to time. Either the pictures may be changed or the
script. Sometimes subtle sex appeal is thrown in by advertising agencies. Whether this is ethically
correct is a debatable point.
Any advertisement cannot be useless. It has got a purpose. An advertiser can use a ton of paper for
printing his advertisement and distributing it to various houses to get the message of his product
across. Throwing to the public just like throwing some mud on the wall, some of it is sure to stick.
Advertisement then brings the prospective buyer and the product man nearer. With a complex market
where there are dozens of products competing, advertisement is one of the ways of winning the
market.
Of course there are advertisements which are really misleading. Some medicines that are advertised
claim to be panacea for all bodily ill but very few products claimed that honor. Some of the products
are not that high quality as claim by the advertisement.
We can conclude that in spite of its limitations, advertisement is a powerful media that has come to
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6. Should women carry out the combat duty? Discuss.
Women should not be drafted for combat duty. It is not practical. The army would need to set up two
facilities for everything. It would need to set up two sleeping quarters, two sets of showers and two
latrines. The actual amount of work and supplies involves in setting up camp would double. More
supplies and equipment in the field would slow down troop movement considerably. Our troops would
lose any advantage they would have for surprise attack. We need an incredible amount of backup
support for men. It is not practical to double that in wartime.
Women are not strong enough emotionally. Women are not strong enough physically. It takes a lot of
strength and courage to be in actual physical combat. You need to be strong enough to kill people
without pangs of regret. Women could be strong. Women are sheltered. They are not taught to be
strong. Men are taught to be strong. Women could not stand to see their best friend get hit by a shell
and die in front of their eyes. Women are not strong enough to handle killing and dying. Maybe they
could be strong enough emotionally. They are not strong enough physically. Most women could not
throw ninety-pound ammunition cases into a struck all day. Most women could not win in close handto-hand combat against a man. Women do not have the strength for combat duty.
7. The things I dislike the most
The outline:
1. What things?
2. Description of each item
3. Why I dislike them
4. the end
There are many things that I dislike; but the ones I dislike the most are noise, crowds and laziness.
Noise disturbs me greatly. This is why I hate to live in a city. In a city, vehicles run to and fro dawn
till midnight. This makes the city very noisy indeed. The voices of thousands of people living close to
one another also add to the noises caused by the vehicles. Besides, there are noises from the factories
in a city.
I also dislike crowds. Crowds make movement difficult. If a place is crowded, it is not easy to move
about or to do any work quickly. If we are in a hurry to go somewhere, a crowd can delay our
progress.
Finally, I hate laziness because a lazy boy is a problem not only to his parents but also to others. By
refusing to do any work, he compels others to do for him. Sometimes a weak and poor person has to
work hard to bring food for a strong and healthy person who is lazy. Such a person is really bad and
ill-mannered. As long as he gets what he needs and wants, he does not care what others think of him. I
hate to see such a person, even if he is my own brother or father.
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I hate all the three things I have mentioned.
Word-meaning:
Compel = force
Delay = make slow
Finally = lastly
Hate = dislike strongly
Mentioned = named, told
Progress = moving forward
Refusing = not doing what one is told to do
8. The person I like most
The outline:
1. Who?
2. What kind of person
3. Why I like him or her
4. Is there any other person like him or her?
5. The end
Of all the people in the world, I like my dear mother the most.
Everyone knows that mother’s love is the greatest in the world. When I see how my mother
behaves towards my father, brothers, sisters and me, I am filled with pride. In everything that
she does, there is a touch of love. Even when she washes the dishes, she makes sure that
they are clean so that no one in her family will become ill.
Though she sometimes scolds me, I know that she does so not because she is bad but
because she is tired, working all day for the happiness of the family. So I keep quiet while
she expresses her anger, so that she may feel a little relieved.
The she loves her family is proved every day. When my youngest brother is very hungry late
in the night and cries for milk, she wakes up at once to make for him, even if she is tired or ill.
In the same way, she wakes up before all the others and goes to bed last, so that everyone
in the family can receive her care. If anyone in the family is ill, she is the one who is the most
worried.
Such care and love no one in the world can give to me. For these reasons my mother will
always the dearest person to me.
Word-meaning:
Express = make known by words, looks or actions
Relieved = lessening of pain
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10. How I learned to swim
The Outline:
1. Is swimming exciting or not?
2. Why I wanted to learn how to swim
3. Who taught me?
4. How happy I feel after learning it
Swimming is one of the best pastimes that people have. Learning how to swim is indeed very
exciting.
It was my sister who taught me how to swim. Every day, for about a week, she took me to
the swimming pool in the park in my town and spent about three hours teaching me how to
swim.
However, the first lesson that I had in swimming was very unpleasant. I sank several times
and not only drank a lot of water but also let some to enter my nose. At times I felt as though
I was drowning. My sister did not seem to be very helpful. I blamed her every time I had
some difficulty in the water. She always responded it by laughing and irritating me more.
On the next day I was not keen to go to the pool. I did not wish to learn how to swim any
longer. My sister then told me that she was not trying to be cruel to me.
So I followed her to the pool for the second time. That day I was able to keep my nose above
the water. My sister was more helpful. She allowed me to use a rubber tube whenever I felt
tired. I began to like her lessons.
Finally, after about a week, I could swim without the tube. I was delighted and thanked my
sister profusely.
11.
The use of television
The outline:
A wonderful invention
Why it is popular
Why it is useful
The end
Television enables us to see things in distant places. It is indeed one of the most wonderful
things that man has ever invented.
Television not only entertains people but also teaches people a variety of important things.
Through this wonderful invention we learn about people and events thousands of miles
away. Pictures taken in all parts of the world are also shown on television for entertainment
as well as for instruction. Short films based on popular stories are often shown which
entertain millions of people all over the world.
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In some countries television is used to teach pupils and students many useful lessons.
Students who cannot go to school because of transport or other problems are taught all their
lessons at home through television.
As television appeals to the eye instead of the ear, people enjoy watching more than
listening to the radio. Listening requires knowledge of many things, but what we see with our
eyes explains that itself.
For all these reasons, there is no doubt that television will continue to be popular for a long
time.
Word-meaning:
Appeals to = attracts
Entertain = to interest
Distant = far away
Invented = made for the first time
Enable = make able
Requires = needs
13.
The advantages and disadvantages of money
Everybody knows the value of money. Nothing is more powerful than money.
In fact, if we have no money, we cannot buy goods, clothes and other necessaries we need. Without
money, we cannot go to the movies, theaters or other amusements places.
How can we spend our free time pleasantly on rainy evenings without a color television in front of us?
Music from a new hi-fi can relax us quickly after a hard day of work. But how can we satisfy our
needs, our desires and our pleasures when we cannot afford to buy them?
Thanks to money we can improve our spiritual activities easily. We can go to any schools, any
universities we like to further our knowledge. If our parents are wealthy and powerful we may be sent
abroad to study. Moreover, we can enjoy pure happiness by contributing our money to Charity funds
to help the poor, the wretched and the victims of other disasters.
But money not only brings us the good but the bad as well. This accounts for much of the wickedness
in the world. The rich often depend on it to oppress the poor and millionaires sometimes treat their
servants with great cruelty. Many young people, being purse proud of their parent’s wealth and
richness, neglect their school activities, always play truant and indulge themselves in alcohol,
gambling and debaucheries. They often commit suicide after playing ducks and drakes with all their
parents’ fortune. Money, in this way, is the root of all evils.
To sum up, happiness does not depend on the quantity of money but on the way how we use it. We
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should use our money properly. The right use of money may bring us a comfortable life and a cheerful
heart.
14. Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the cinema
The influence that the cinema exerts on the minds of those who visit it is at once beneficial and
harmful.
Today, there is a cinema in almost every town. The cinema provides so much entertainment that few
people fail to visit it. One of the reasons for the popularity of the cinema is that it entertains all types
or people, young and old, literate and illiterate. Because it is so popular, it must exercise some
influence on those whom it attracts.
The films shown in the cinema are often very instructive and informative. Almost every film shows
something about the activities and customs of the people in other lands. By seeing such films, one
learns a lot about human activities. One also gains a better understanding of people of the world.
Further, some films show the battles that were fought in the past. They also sometimes show very
vividly how man has struggled through the centuries to remove discomfort from his life. In this way,
some films have given many people an insight into the past. Even illiterate people have benefited from
such films. What they cannot acquire from books owing to their inability to read, they can acquire
from films. School students, too, often benefit from a visit to the cinema. What they see and hear in
the cinema makes a better impression on their minds than only the spoken words of their teachers. For
example, a teacher of history can hardly describe a battle scene to his students as vividly as a film
does. For all these reasons, the cinema is often regarded as an important means of spreading
knowledge.
It must be admitted, however, that some films have exerted an evil influence on many people. Films
which show the activities of criminals have encouraged many youths to commit acts of crime. Other
films, too, such as those dealing with sex and other natural weaknesses of man, have corrupted the
morals of many people. As a result, the governments of many countries have been compelled to
interfere in the display and production of certain films. Yet, the cinema continues to retain its
popularity.
15. The advantages and disadvantages of television
Nowadays many people all over the world spent most of their free time watching television; but since
its appearance, television has brought to man many advantages as well as disadvantages.
First, television plays an important role in our daily activities: it keeps us informed of all current
affairs in the world. Events through television are more vivid than those through books and
magazines.
Second, television helps us enrich our spiritual lives. Our knowledge is broadened in many ways.
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Through language teaching programs, we can learn the language we like such as: English, French,
German, Chinese, Japanese and so on. We can become skilful and clever at doing jobs, making cakes
or arranging flowers through practical courses taught on television.
Finally, television is a source of recreation. Humorous stories and funny films bring us minutes of
relaxation after a hard day’s work. For me, sitting comfortably in an arm-chair to watch an
international football match on television is more interesting than having to queue for tickets at a
crowded stadium.
Apart from its advantages, however, television also brings lots of disadvantages to viewers too.
First, television viewers gradually become passive in their action. Television may be a splendid media
of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other or with the outer world.
The world seen through television is only the restricted one: It separates us from the real world.
Second, television, with its fascinating power, makes people of all ages sink into oblivion: whole
generations are growing up addicted to the telly. Pupils and students are so absorbed in television that
they neglect their school activities. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and lessons unprepared.
Housewives are so keen on watching television that they neglect their duties toward their husbands
and their children. Instead of watching television, we may use the time for a real family hour. Without
the distraction of television, we may sit around together after dinner and actually talk to one another to
know and like each other better.
Finally, the evil influence of television on the young generation is inevitable; it encourages them to
commit crimes. Spectacles of sadism and violence on television lead them to robbery, theft, rape and
murder.
In a nutshell, television is useful to us when we know how to use it: Be careful not to overindulge
ourselves in it and use it in a discerning manner.
16. The advantages and disadvantages in teaching English to Adult Learners in the Current
Situation in Vietnam
A brief look at the current English language teaching and learning context in Vietnam will
show that the demand for English learning is very great. This is clearly seen in the multitude
of institutions and centers that offer English courses as well as in the great number of
learners who go to English classes. Among these learners adult learners form a big special
group. Due to some of their characteristics the teaching of English to this group of adult
learners has some advantages and disadvantages as follows.
The first advantage is that adult learners have some degree of extrinsic motivation. They
may study English for a variety of reasons but they all do so because they want to or need
to. For some students, the motivation may be in the form of integrative motivation because
they wish to integrate themselves into the culture of an English-speaking country like Britain,
America, Canada or Australia. For others, the motivation is instrumental in the sense that the
mastery of the English language is seen as an instrument that can bring them a better job or
position. When these adult students go to class with some motivation they are easier to
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teach than those who bring no motivation to the classroom.
The second advantage is that adult students can transfer those study skills and learning
strategies they have acquired in their first language to their study of English. Unlike children
and adolescents, adults are autonomous in some way. They have finished their studies or
have undertaken at least some in their own language, so they must have gained some basic
skills like reading, summarizing, identifying and applying formulae and information and such
critical thinking skills as analyzing, synthesizing, hypothesizing, speculating, etc. Moreover,
they may also have some well-established strategies for learning. Therefore, the English
language teacher can make his job easier by creating conditions for adult students to
reactivate these study skills and learning strategies and apply them to their study of a new
language.
One more advantage is that adult learners can make use of whatever kind of knowledge they
have accumulated in their own language. Again this advantage cannot be seen in other
groups of learners like children and adolescents. First, adult learners have extensive
experience of using a language, which is their mother tongue. Now that they start learning
English, they can remember the new langue system better by making use of what they know
about their own language. It is not uncommon to see learners comparing and contrasting
their first language with the foreign language they are learning to find out areas in which the
two languages are different or similar so that they can learn the new language more quickly.
Second, adult students’ life experience, world knowledge and specialist knowledge can
contribute much to their learning a foreign language. It can help them a lot when they have to
read about or discuss complex or controversial topics in English. So the English teacher can
engage adult learners more easily if he knows how to tap the knowledge they have gained
over time.
17.
Is it true that one who is good at English grammar can write well in English?
(Acquisition of good writing skills requires more than Mastery of English Grammar)
In the English language teaching writing is called a productive skill because it is concerned with the
production of the language. The teaching and learning of this specific skill has provoked much
discussion about the question of how to write well in English. Some people may think that a good
knowledge of English grammar is sufficient to enable them to achieve a high level of competence in
written English. However, this is a somewhat simplistic view. As will be analyzed below, the
acquisition of good writing skills requires not just a good command of the grammatical system of
English but a wide lexical knowledge, a thorough understanding of the topic given and a repertoire of
organizational skills.
Apart from a good knowledge of English grammar, one needs to demonstrate a broad lexical
knowledge in a good piece of writing. There is an element of truth in the fact that grammar rules help
to generate sentences. However, if the writer has no real understanding of the lexis of the English
language and just applies the grammatical rules mechanically, he will run the risk of producing
grammatically correct but semantically inappropriate or anomalous sentences. To use the English
language with clarity and precision, he needs to know what words mean literally and figuratively,
what words can collocate and how words, though synonymous, are different form each other in subtle
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ways. Therefore, the writer’s ability to manipulate structures and his word choice are both needed for
the appropriate use of language. For example, while one can write ‘Sorry, I can’t make it’ in response
to a friend’s invitation he must formulate his refusal to a business partner more formally ‘I apologize I
will not be able to be there.’ In other words, structural accuracy is just as important as vocabulary
selection in effective writing.
Next, one needs to rely on one’s general and/or specialist knowledge to develop the topic given in
depth to produce an original piece of writing. If one’s mastery of English grammar can partly help
shape the form of a piece of writing, it is the ideas presented that decide the content. A good writer
does not write merely to reach the word limit (within the time limit); he must write to achieve his
purpose, whether to narrate a story, to describe someone or something, to discuss a topic, to inform or
to persuade the reader. The best way for him to do this is to ensure that the content of his paper is
excellent. He is therefore expected to exploit whatever kind of knowledge he has acquired, be it his
general knowledge, his knowledge of current affairs or his specialist knowledge to come up with
brilliant ideas that can attract and maintain readers’ attention. As the writer is not in direct contact
with readers and cannot therefore get direct feedback from them, he cannot afford to be vague. He has
to elaborate his ideas or explanations to get his message across, leaving no scope for misunderstanding
or interpretation of any type. This makes an enormous demand on the writer indeed. So in his
treatment of the subject assigned, the writer has to draw on the above mentioned areas of his
knowledge, which are by nature different from his knowledge of English grammar, to search for
worthwhile ideas and arguments.
18. The difficulties in learning English and how to overcome them
The difficulties in learning English and how to overcome them
Beginners of foreign language always meet difficulties from the outset. For me, I had to
overcome these problems when I started learning English.
English pronunciation is my first obstacle. The pronunciation in English puzzles me a lot
because the same letter has different sounds. For example the letter “a” in “bath” is not
pronounced in the same way of that in “bathe”. The “ou” in “South” is also different from “ou”
in “Southern”. Generally verbs and nouns are pronounced differently although they are
written the same. Record is a good example to illustrate it.
In order to solve this puzzling question I carefully study The A.P.A (The International
Phonetic Alphabets) which helps me pronounce English words correctly.
In order to have an accent just like the native speakers, I often listen to tapes and repeat
after them, trying to imitate them. Moreover, my everyday conversation with the foreigners I
meet in the street will enable me to acquire a proper accent.
Compared with French, English grammar is much easier. However, this does not mean that
learners meet no difficulties in learning it. It took me a long time to learn how to master the
tenses in English grammar, to endeavor to do as many grammar exercises as possible and
read various grammar books.
In writing English, English language has its own style. In order to drill writing skills, I have
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tried to read famous novels of distinguished America and English writers. I enjoy the
humorous style of writing in Mark Twain’s masterpieces, the elaborate and polished style of
George Eliot and the sentimental and lyrical style of John Keats.
After long and hard years of English study, how pleased I feel when I am able to read
English and American authors without any obstacles and difficulties at all.
19. What difficulties are you facing in choosing a career?
Almost every school leaver is confronted with a very important question that is nearly impossible to
answer: The question of what to do next. As for me, I was bugged by my plans for the future from the
very moment I finished my last examinations. In addition, there is also the question of passing time
during the few months of waiting for my results. During this time, I had a choice of enjoying myself
or looking for a temporary job or even taking up an interesting course, I did all three of them.
Unfortunately I was not successful in getting to a university, so I had to enter the job market.
I had always desired to take up teaching as a career. First of all I love children. Secondly I believe
teachers are important people as they groom the citizens of tomorrow. As I grew older my exposure to
the outside world has made me believe that there are many other careers that could interest me. I
believe that I am facing the problem or psychological changes that any teenager would be facing
during the period from childhood to adulthood.
I tried relief teaching during my holidays in search of the teaching career. The experience I had was
valuable as I managed to grasp the duties, responsibilities and challenges of a teacher. I discovered my
lack of working experience. Since I gathered quite a lot of information from the short period of
teaching, I decided that I could choose any career by working on a temporary basis. The successful
stories of how some people started off doing only odd jobs in beginning spurred me on. However this
does not seem possible in the present gloomy economic situation. I also face of another problem
where employers are not too keen in employing job hoppers like me.
My third problem concerns professional skills. For instance a secretary or computer programmer
requires a certain level of knowledge in the field of typing, filing, shorthand and computer
programming. These prerequisites can only be achieved through comprehensive courses. My concern
is over which I should acquire and discover the abilities inherent in me.
These are the problems I face in choosing a career like other school leavers. I believe parents play an
important role in choosing a career by allowing the children to expose themselves to part-time jobs.
This way they can narrow down their career choices more easily. Seminars, talks or discussions on
careers can also help.
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