Phụ nữ TP HCM với các phương tiện truyền thông đại chúng

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PHU

Nu- vAtt ttoA - xA ttQt

Phu nrl Tp. Hd Chi Minh
V( )I CAC PI1UONC TIIIN 'II?I]YIIN 'IIIONC DAI CHUNE

IRAN ttutt AUnr'te'

pE cnp oEt't.
DAr o rut'lc rlr oE tnt DA DUQC cAc NtlA xn ttQt trQc
rtruttrttAt't
t'loR
v€
vAt't
trtu
ttudne
vn xtrA nArue
TRor.rG ouR rRil.lr ct',ur?, odrxrrurrrE, vrEc rir',r urdu Nrtu cd,u
snt vtgt
T}ttEr.
nElt
cAru
tnd
vAt'l
ruttnu
pguoNe
xA
rrQt

xttnc
Lop
vA cac rArue
cuA Ncuor p,11 Nu d cnc DIA
cuA
cFluNG
DAI
Tll'i
tttOrue
t'ttl[t't
xur.
itgp
urue
IRONG
otdr.rr
odc
vd
rlrtune
riptr

pru rru volcAC plluohrc

tre

lr

rrrolre tnl

cuNG cAp rttOruo t^ uA nriary
qcz

q
prru r,ru ip. rrd crrl t,ln lt oun xEr ouA vOr cuOc otdu iRn xn uQt HQC vAo TIIANG NAv t

didu tra nirY c15 sfi durrg kY
thuAt ph6ng v0n bang bin cfltt
h6i, vh cltolt nt6u lheo Phuong
fip chotr rn6tl didn hinh. Cdc dcrn vi dtroc
didrr tra bao g6m: phtrdng Ngrry€n't'h6i Brnh
rudc

I (c1uAr1 Cib Vep) phuirrtg
I (qtre n 1 l) vh xd TAn Teo (huye n Blnh

(t1u0n

l),

phtrdrrg I

Chltnh). T'dng sO rn5tr dieu tra lir 697 ngtrdi,
plrflrr bo cldri fi zf do4 vi dieu tt'a, trottg d6 c6
349 rrii, clti€rn 50,lVo. Sau clAy lh rrlot sO dac
didnr cira tn[u cliitr tra nii gi6i
Vt) tueii tilc: c6 l4,3Vo thtrOc tth6ttt 16-20
rudi; 26,40lo nh6m 2l-30 tutji; 20,6Vo nh6rrr
3 l-40 lutii; 28,1o/o trlt6rtt 4 I -60 ttrdi; vh
l0,6oh nh6rn [u 6 I ltrdi trd lerr.
- Ve ltoc ,vAtt: 3,!,57o c6 trinlt dQ c[|p l;
3(lPo/? cep It; /,4,ATo cap III; ),77o dai lloc vi\
ciro, d|ng ; vd,2,$T,o qb4 rPil chir.

'

ViAn

XIIII

TP.

- Vd nglrd nghi0p: lrong rrr,lu dititr tr.a c6 lO,60/o
clang lhnr nhlrng rrgltd lao ddrrg trf 6c vh qrrin ly;
5,7o/o lh c6rrg nlrfln; 18,3o/tt lao dOng tidu thir cdng
rrglriOp vh lao clOng cltAll tay tu do, l2,9olo bu6n
bdn nh6; 5,Jo/o lin"r n6ng nghi€p, 26,90/o nOi tro;
7,2o/o ltutr tt'(, gii yerr, 5,2o/o sirrh viOtr vi 5'47o hoc
sinh.

Bii yi€i sirtr clly ptrfn ticlr vd nrtic do tiep cAlr
cdc plttrong ti6n truydrl thdng dzri cltinrg cira phq
nlt & tlrinh plrd IIo (lh( N4inlr (1'p' IICM) qua k€t
rluA didtr r1a, rrfiltrtg nOi dLrlg t|udrrg ducrc tfieo
cl6i; vr\ cuoi cirng li thir li6n h€ vdi vfln dt! vi trf xd
h6i cira ngtrdi phtr nir.

I. trl(tt; t)O'ufft'cAN cAc
'I'RTJYiiN'I'IION(; DAI C]IIUNG

PIIt/ON(;'rI0N

I

Ker qtri xt'r ly cho biet co 2Jo/o nii gi6i trong
ngiy; 25%
inAtr ,lieu tra tri ldi lh c
II6 Ch( tr[htlt

-

sd zrt sql -

4l


. .. - *-F.,- +",la.fr>+rr,-. -,f fi|fl

TrAh

/l1u Quan7

vii lAn rn6i ttr.4rr i 4% cloc vhi lfin nr6i
lring, v\ 43Va lrArr rrlrtr klrorrg doc. N0tr tirrlr

gir'ri c6 t6i 437o lrdu nhu kh0rrg bao gid doc b6o,
trorrg khi ty l0 rrhy & rrarn gi6i lh 24Vn.

churrg sO c6 doc lrhrtg nghy vh m6i ttrfirr vhi
l.4rr, tlri ch(rng ta c6 thd n6i ring c6 52Vo p|nt
nir it nhitu c6 doc bdo. Cfing ttrorrg tu nlrtr
rrr0t sd cuOc

di€u tra nhy cho thl\y, Itil git'ri c6 ty l0 doc

Khong c6 su clt6nh l€ch ddng kd giira nam vl nir
ve ty l0 xerrt ti vi vh rlglr" clhi, n6i c{ch kh/rc, nir c6
ty l0 theo d6i ti vi vh nghe clhi khOng thua k6m g'i so
v(yi narn gi6i: (>9Vo trA lcli lh tlrrrlnrg Xern ti vi h:\rrg
rrghy, l3vo xem vhi ldn rn6i tuAn; ddi v6i dhi ph{t
thanh thi ty le theo ddi c6 thdp hcm nlritu so v6i
xem ti vi: llTo cl'r;' biet lh c6 rrghe lrhrrg rrgiy vh
l0To nglte vhi l.{rr rrr6i tulin (Rlng l).

cri cloc
f

b6o tucrrrg dOi th{p so r,6i rrarn gidi: tloltg khi

ti l0 narn gi6i doc b6o hlrrg rrghy l6n tdi
4OTo,

tlri cott s0 nhy

Itfrrrg

I

iv nir

gitli chi li\

28olo; nlr

ll
lr
I

lr

ll
l1

fr

ll

: Mfrc clO doc b{o, xem trtlydrt hirrh vh nglre dhi ph{t tlrarrh, phfln bd theo gi6i tfnh.
Xenr ti vi

Doc biro
-l'dng

NT
-

96

Girr nlrrr lrirng ng)ry

40,0
tudn vhi llin

85

M6i thdrrg vhi

I

lfirr

Idu Irhtr kh0rrg

31 15
).7 !.1g3 l5l
24,1

24,6

T'r1ng cOng

345

DJ
N

gdn

.s6'

li|rt:

'

7!/-,gte.

69,6

I3,6

ii,s

I2,5

.5-1 41
I 5,4
I i,5

100

50.3

10b,0

t7

l5

Le

!,!'-

226

2s8

,694

s0 cAp I.

Phlin tich theo nghe rrghiOp, cht'rng ta ciing
th{ly c6 su kh{c biOt 16 rOt vd tflp qurin cloc
bdo giira cic rrlr6rn phu nlr lhrn c{c nghd klrl{c

42 - r(tton Hgc vC PHV N0 - sO g/teea

'

100,0

,

!
484

,2

!.1

-0.1- * -9'!

345

349

a!

4w_

laJ

100,0

Ghi chfi; C694 rrgrrdi, chfr kh0ng plrAi lI 697.

Ri€rrg doi v6i vi€c cloc b{o, k6t qrr.l cliirr
lra cho biet lh rrhlirrg ngrrti phu nii c6 trinh
d0 hoc vfln cing cao, llrl ti l9 doc bdo nhidu
hc6 cloc bio lrhng righy, ty l0 rrhy clat 46% 0 s0
c6 trinir d0 cflp lIl: 20Vo sd cflp II v) lT%n b

32

tl

22

911991

89

if

r, :,
troirg biirg tren clAy l)
.

ti le c6 cioc b6o irhng ng)y ctridtn ltlq" A
nlr6rn lhnr nOng nghiOp; llTo I nh6rn iao cl0ng
tidu thtr c0n[ nghi€p vi lao dOng chati tay tu do,
2OVo iy rtlrtirn buon b{n nh6; 297o 6 nli6rn nol tro,
vh l0n t6i 57To 6 rrh6rrr lltn rihinrg rrgire lio clOtrg
tri 6c vh quin ly. Sq khl{c biet rrhy mOt mtrt xuflt
phr{t tr'r str clr8nh l€ch vd trinh clO hoc vdn giira cic
nlr6m nglr€; rrrit kh6c, cfirrg gi6n tiep phin 6nlr su
khic biet ve nhu cAil thOng tin giffd ctic nlr6nr
nglrd nghi0p trong xfl h0i.

rrlrarr:

I
I

rl
tt

_ryl__ry!._____UI

345 349
49J 50.3

35

ll

14,4

0,4
694

Nfr Tdns c0ng

54

i,

234

342

Cu0c di0u tra tlrfng

87

8

3

!!

40

tl

Khong trA ldi

-0.('*-

41

247

't1 /

43,.1

483

274

8(r

24,6 24,6

240

N-u

JJ,/

27 ,5

Noln

Nani

-

lr

Nghe dhi

't'du-qO!s

cOrrg

4a

I'

rl

to
ll
\,
l-l


'ir&ffithrfih*o!

r

--i,- :-,-

i

.

!i-l

, ;r'.1

PltrJ r'lu

-

ngrrbi nr6i nghy

gidi).

Ngohi ra kOt qui di€u tra cdrt cho bi€t phu
nlr tlrtrdng it mua bdo hcrn so vtii rtarn gitii: c6

llVo

tl'tv& lg nrua b6o rn6i tulin vhi l|n,vdTo/o

[16o hdrrg nghy,

tlrudng rnua b6o rn6i thiing vii llirr (c6c ti le
trt(lrg tirrg d narn gicii ld 18o/o,2OVo vd llVo);

vh nir gidi doc b6o, xent ti vi vh nglte dhi v6i

thbi luong khdng thua kdrn g) so vdi narn
gi6i: d6i vdi nltfrng phq nii c6 cloc b{o, rn6i
ngudi doc binh quAn m6i nghy 38 plrrit (so
voi 39 phfrt & narn gidi): doi vdi nhirng phtr
nfr c6 coi ti vi, thiri luong coi binh c1trfln rn6i

V0 nOi dung tlruclrg

{)

fI,7

79,l

300
65,4

72

.15

N€u so si{nh nhlrng klriic biet gilla ciic d6c giA
narn vh nlr, chftng ta c6 thd nlrAn thfly nrl gidi
tlrrrbrrg cloc trhidu hcln nanr nhlrng trang muc nhrr:
thi trtrdng vh gi6 cA, rnuar sim, clich vu, thdi trang,

vin ngh€. Narn gidi
thtrdng tfieo cl6i nlrirng trang InLrc nlrtr: {in td'c

trong rlrr6c vi\ quOc te, thd thao (Bing 2).
h6n nhArr vh gia d)nh, vdrr hor{

16,0 32,7

150
,0

lrang

,

32
16,3

vlrr
nhCn gia dinh

tl2
57,1

69

87

,?.

/,9,0

11

32
_

49

104

20,9

25,0

22,7

t82

22
8,4

ti

30

4,1

6,5

l9
7)

Itt

31

9,2

8,1

ll

4

t5
459
100,0

t?,7
cao

6,1

Circ ''ru iilt

I03
22,4

l0

??,!
Y id

51

29,1

6,8
59

di;;,iu;

'l'dng cOnrr

,I

23

109

16

Narn Nfr

55

106

s7

dtroc tirrh tr€n nhfrrrg ngubi c6 doc bdo)

il7

?1,t
?1,9.
?7,!
42
64

d6i Lr€n b6o in,

lh: cdc vu dn (57o/o), tin tfc trong nrrcrc (52o/o), tirr tfrc
c1u& t€, (47o/o), thdi trang (4lok), hon nhdn vh gia dinh
(,35o/o),lhi trtrorrg gid cA (337o)...

291

92
46,9

1?

208

rc

drrqrc tlreo

IC"grotU

t02

tro,ng nu6c

PIIT] NO

rrhlirrg trang nruc thrrbtrg dtroc nhidLr pltu nir doc nhAt

Rirrg 2: Nlrirng muc thudrrg duqc dw tr0n bdo chia theo gi6i tfnh (ty l€ok

Nf

T)TJOC-

Ket qui cli6u tra ciing cho tlrAy c6 I lolo thrrdng
xuy€rr doc tiv Srii Gdrr gidi pl6ng; Ztlo/o ld 7'rtiii tt i;
llo/o td Pltt! nf('l'P. IICI4; 30%, tir Cittg Att 'l'P.
IICM; 3o/ct Lit KiAh tltftt' ngdy nuy; 4o/r' tit 7'lmnlt
rtiAn; 4% td A4\rc lirtt. Doi vtii cdc td bdo khdc, ty
l0 c6 it hon.

plrdt tlrarrh, thi plru nlr ngoai thhrrh lai nglre nhiiLr
lrcnr so v6'i n6i thhnh (237o so vdi 87o).

ldi le thtrdng cli rnua

'

II. NIITJN(; NOI I)TJN(} T'II[.T('NG
1'IIEO I).)I

DOi vdi tnrytln ltinlt, plrtr Irii ngoai tltittlt xcrn
hirrp ngiy v6i ty l€ c6 it lrcm plru nir nOi tlrinlr
rrrOt chfit (620/o so vdi 11%). Nlrtnrg c16i vcri dhi

trh

.

ln I gid 33 plrut (so vdi I gicr 25
plrrit cr rrarrr gitiil; v6i nglre dii nr6i ngtrdi nghe
b)rrlr qrrArr rn6i ngiy 45 phrit (so v
N€u so siinh theo dia bin ctr tni nOi thhrrh
vi\ rrgoai thhnh, chting ta ItlrArt thfiy' plru rrlr
n6i thlnlr c6 ty l0 doc bdo hhng nghy nhidtr
Iron so v6i phu nfr ngoai thhnh (327n so vtii
l27o). '[i l9 doc v]ri lAn rn6i tr.rArt chng rrhidu
lron (30% so vdi 5o/o); vh tr"ong klri ty l0 nir &
pi{o I€n ttii J8o/r, tlri d
'rgo4i tlrhnh khdrrg doc
rrOi thhnh, ty le nhy chi c6 34%.

ll%

IP ilo clti MtNil.

267

,1 1

18,?

-5

50

5-5

z.et

196

1,9

25,5

t2,0

57,,1

42,7

Ngudn s6'liAu: Cu0c clidu (ra 911997
r lti; Nlrinrg ngrrdi tr i ldi c6 thd chorr toi da 5 rnuc tlrrrb'rrg cloc rrlrfii do d6 tdrrg cOng

Ghi

Kilon Hoc v€

ti

le c6 tlrd vttr-t clua l00o/o.

PHU

N0

- SO 2t1ss8

- 43


|i'A)t l/tht (?uarq

Ddi v6'i lrttl'6rr lrirrh, plrtr

nrrng lirrh clrdt v:Irr lro{, virr nglr0 vh giii tri.
-l'rorrg
khi d6, klrhn gii rrarn tlrrritrtg xern nlrirng

rrii' tlrrtirlrg xerrr

rrhidrr rrhflt rrlrlrrrg clrtrrtttg trlrrlr phirrr lt trye rr
(177o): cii ltrrrrrg (48Vo): ca tthac (45"h)',lirr trrc
tr.orrg nrr6c (41ok),lirr lr'i'c- thd gi(ri (40%,): kir-lr
(36%): thd girlri clngo:\i (31'n)... nlilri;r lir, nlrirrrlt clrtl(trtll lrlrrlr
trlnlr lrttyCtt ltittlt
rrlrirrrg rrgu'iri

lling 3: Nlrirrrg

r:lrrr
clrrrcirrg trlrrlr rrlrrr: titr lri'c lrolrg nrt(tc vr\

klroa hoc k! lhtr0t vi
trlnh tlrd tlrao (Birre 3).

thd[i6i,,

dic bi€t li cdc chrrorrg'

clrrtJt: xt:ttt

rrlriirr

nhA't

clri:r thco gitii rrriir (ry le

q.,l,r# linlr

trCrr
I

lr

N.tl

Nt
1l

.r.2

I

Tirr tr'rc trorrg

192

t22

ll4

62 ,1

4t,2

.5t,9

2.1,6

44,6

),79

lll

3l(r

t0

lo(.,

s

.\7.2

t2,9

_?5,8

l9.s

34

22\)

l3l

, 1 02.,

2?9

61,1

ll,5

.17,q

2?,

l2

\4

4.1

.5,6

.)

27

32

t.6

9,1

.5,.?

Plr6rrg su

1'

Qrrirrg crio

Irrrllrg

I-d-rre,q0u

190

221

417

6t,5

76,7

68,9

30

t4l

o7
Ngtdn .16'li€rt: Crr0c cli0rr lra 91l991

(ihi r'lril;Nlrlrrrg rrgrriri tri liri c6 tlrd

lll
an

47,6

_C_Jruoug-!dulr

,)t

Cja nlrac

'I'he

dri dlly

44

Klroa hoc,

Iri

k!

Zr\,J

('

:

?t

,

o

'lI

l,46

I

24.1

39,.1

22

88

2t,4

7,4

86

9l

n)

27,8

'10,7

29,3

l2

';

l1

2(\5

t32

34,.1

t4

,.+

19

3l

.1,9

6,4

5,1

309

29(t

hos

st.')

48,e

100,0

Cihtrcrrrg

-rv

^,
QlE cong

,.1

rrrrr'vc

1'ting sd ngrrdi c6 xern

t

l

(t6

thr-rAt

.

:

'l

clrr.rn

loi tla 5 lrruc lhrtilng doc rrlrdt, clo cl6, ldrrg

cOrrg t1i le c6 tlrd vtrcrt

qu,{ lO(IY.

Ddi vdi c.{c chrrgii nir thtrr}rg llreo diri tirr tr?c lhrli su (437o sv6i fratn li 797o), cii ltrong (647o, ri rtanr lh
23Vn), ca rtltac ((t|Vn), vilt hod - xi hOi (21q,),
klroa lroc vh ddi sdng (l7Vo, narn -157n), th6rrg
f

irr

vi

ll
I

-q!uq!rrtr'iirb

llr ao

l.1

(l

llu

-lq,

lr

I

Narr

74 ,1

"l

quirrg ciio ( 260/")

Nlrlrr churrg, qrra [''a phrrrrrrg ti0n thOng lirr
rl;ri chfrrrg l)r brio in, lrrryOrr hllrh vh ph.{t lhanh,
clrrirrg ta c6 lht! rrlrflrr lhlly lrry rriir gi(li theo rl6i
khri dOtr dirr rrlri6rr rr0i rltrng nlrrrng so v(vi narrr
gi<'li, ho tlrrrirlrg lhi6n vC nhirrrg n0i clung vrin
ho.{, vin nglr0 r,i rrhirlrg llr6rrg lin lhi lltrdrrg, gid
c.{; rrguoc lai, c6 ly l€ theo cl6i tin tr'rc, llriri su
ciing rrhtr rn0t sO nOi durrg khoa hoc - k! lhtr8l fl
hon so vdi rrarn gi6i.

44 - Hnon iloc v€ Pilu NrT - so 2/r99s

i(hi

ti vi
clii, plrAn 16rr phu nir diu trfr lbi trtl tiSn
s0 mot lh giii tri, k€ d6 lh theo d6i, tin tfrc, thli

vi

rlrrcrc h6i v€ rnuc clich doc b6o, xern

rrghe

str vir sarr ciurg

li

dd rnir rnang ki€rr tht'rc. T'rorrg

khi d6. rru ti6n s0 rrrOt cira nanr gi6i tl'orrg vi€c
rloc bdo li dd theo cl6i tin t(rc, tlrdi str, sarr d6
rndi lh dd giii tr i vi dd m6 r-nang ki€rr thfrc (cbn
dOi v6i truydrr h'irrh vi phdt tharrlr, thi kh0rrg c6
khric bi€t nhidu ve tirri'tu rru ti€rr trorrg rnrrc clich
lltco rliii giira rrlrn vi\ nir).
T'irrlr lr)rrh nAy khien clrrirrg ta plrfri suy rrglri

vh lf

giii. t) rifly, chtirig loi

ddng tinh v6'i rnot
vin hbii qua cdc

rrh8n clirrh vd viec lrrritlrg thu
phtrcrrrg ti€rr tir0rrg
n0rrg th0n qua

rl0t

tirr dqi chring cira phu nf(
lrirn 1990:

cuOc rIi€u ti'a vho

I
I


v,l$lffiS$B$ffu.i"t.r.-i"d*-.,

q*. .-

r

.--

r)lru NU tP

"N,lfrc hucnrg tlru yan hod cira plru nir ndrrg llr6n
hdy cbn rdt thap | . J. Vi0c doc sdch bi{o cfra
plrt-r nir n0ng thOp mdi clti nhrr nrOt thri vrri, rrlrrr

rn6t flinh thfrc giAi tri nrir [hOi" (Mai Vtrn [[ai
1992, tr.50). So vdi phg nfr n6rrg tlron & [ra tinh
IIh T'8y, Quing Narn - Dn N.ing vi Tidrr Giang
rpra cuOc clidu tra nirn 1990 vira dd cAp, c5 16
u nli TP.I-ICM n6i chung vi ph\r nir ngoai
rrrhnlr '|P.IICM n6i ri€ng cti cli€rr ki6n hrr&ng
'tlru vtrn lroii qua biic plruorg ti0n trrrydn thOng
dai chring tucrng ddi nhidu hdn, phong plrti hrrrr
T'uy nhi€n, vi€c sfr dung c,{c plrrrong tiOir tnrydn
thOng niy v5rr clri'r y€rr thi€n ve tirrli clrnt giii tri
lrcrn ld rlruc'ti€u theo d6i tlrdlrg tirr tlrt'ri srr vh rnnrang ki€ir tht'rc.
rrr. 'rrriI r.t0N lrp
cuA N(;trdjr plru N0

vdl

vix

n0 vr rrri xA rr0r

'

X6t vd rrrdt hiOn lutyng, clrrirrg ta nh0n tlrAy
nlrin chung ti l0 nlr gi6i rhco rl6i ci{c clrlrc/r)g
trinlr thdi su it hon so vdi nanr gidi. GiA thuy€t

cfia chfng toi d day lh, tinlr lrjnlr'nhy kh6ng
hii ld k€t qui tdc dOng cfra bi€rr s6 gidi rinh,
T,,ri'phin 6nh su can thi0p cira nhlrng bi€n sfI
kh6c nr) chfrng ta cdn tiep trlc khAo sr{t vh
nghi0n cfru. N6i cdch khdc, chrirrg ta klr0ng thd
k€t lrrAn mOt c6ch ngilr gon vh qrrii dcrn giAn
rang phu nir it quan tAnr t6i thiri su hon li narn
gi6i. Chfirig tOi cho rdrrg s& di phu nll theo cldi
th0ng tin thdi su trrdng dOi it ir,y'r so v6i 'nam
gi6i, c6 16 do stt chi ph6i tdrrg hop cira nhidu
clidu kiOn xd lrOi vir dtrc didrp xfl froi - nhftn khlirr
cira rrir gioi.
'll'inh clO hoc vdn cfia nii girii trong rn.{rr clitiu

tra ttrcrng d6i thAlr so vrii rram gi6i (tirrh hinh
nhy clrng tuong l.q nhrr k€t clui crrOc tdng rlidu
tr4 dArr sO rrf,m l9B9 tai 'IP.llCl,l: 65% rrii cti
trirrh d0 tir cep II lrd xudng & narn giClri tiet ci{c nhdnr hoc vAn cfia nrAu didu tr-a nlr
rtlrtr siru: 2,601, rrrir chlr, 32(/o c[ip I,3lo/o cdp II,
24Vo c{11 lll, l0o/o f)ai hoc vh Cao ciing (tr.ong
klri d6, & narn gi6i: 0,6% mirchilr, Z6Vo cdp I,
23% cap II ,35o/o cnp III, l4o/c, I)ai lroc vi

ild cltiMlNtt,..

Cao cling)

SO lieu di6u tra c[ing cho thAy n10t
thrrc td lh, rrhlrng ngudi c5 trinh d0 hoc vAn

cing tlutp, llri c.\ng it doc bdo hotr. Do cl6, rr€u
pfr gidi c6 tr)uh d0 hoc vAn binh quAn thflp hon
narn giiri, thi ty l€ doc b6o hing ngly cfra ho
thfp lrrrn narrr gi6i cling li didu d0 lridu.

Chring tOi rrghr ring, su chdnh l€ch vd hoc
vArr giria lrir gidi so vdi narn lh mOt chi bi{o phin
dnh gidn tiep lrArr clrri cira quan ni6ln "trong
narn khinlt lrlr", lruydn th0rrrg v6n vfrn cbn tidrrr
thng trorrg tllrn tlrric cira ci{c thO h€ hiOn t+i.
'Long thrrc t5, khOng it gia dinh v5n cdn xu
lrrrting rtrr tiOn cl,'irr trr vio chuyOn hoc hinh ciia
con tnri lrtyrr li cou giii, g4p holn cinh kh6 khln
tlri ngrriri con giii sE bi "rru ti€n" cho nghi hoc
trrrdc rrgudi con lrai.
Chring ta bi€t reng, tnrdc nllirng y6u cdu cird
cdrrg cudc c6ng nghiCp ho6 vh hiOn dai hod hi€n

nay cfia dllt nrrdc, viOc nfng cao trinlr d0 hoc
k! tlruAt, vi tlinh d6 clAlt tri n6i
chupg lh rrr0t ddi lr6i vh cldi vdi nfi gidi lai chng
cflr bi{ch.
vAn, tr.)nlr d0

MOt cu0c didu tra ve dAn cu ddng bang s6rrg
Ciru l-orrg ciich nay vhi ninr, tdc gii Ngriydn
Qrrang Vinh ghi rrlrfln trinh d0 lroc vdn ctra phu
nlr n6ng thdrt nhilr'chung cbn th{lp (tlrflp hon so

v6i phu ntt TP.llCM c1rr4 sd li€rr cuOc didu tra

thdrrg 911991), cu tlrd nhrr sau: 727o mi cl,ftr,
557o cflp I, 2lo/o cnp II ud 5Vo cap III (Nguy€n
Qrrarrg Virrh 1995, tr.237). Cuoc didu tra niy
cd4 cho biet viec tiep lhu k! thult mdi trong
sin xullt n6rrg nghi€p cira plrr.r nii til k0nh truy$1
thorrg dai chring chi&n li Irqt,g khd thdp: c6
84o/o li€p thu cpra nhfing kinh rrghiQrn vh ftlnr
gtrdf rg lhrn in gi6i trong xdrn Ap; 20,60/o qua su
hudrrg dhn cira crirl bQ k! thuflt vi chi c6 4,37o
n6i l.\ rilrq s6ch biio, dii phdt thanh. "Didq dr{ng
luu y lh c6 fdi l5,4ok chi em c6 tr"inh d0 hoc ven
cflp II, III c6 tlrt! tiep thu prLoc k! thuAt rndi qua
.s{ch bho vir ciic plrrrcrlrg ti€lr tlrfing tin clai clrfing
(gllp hrrrr 3 l{in ti lg chung clro tohn gidi lao
clQng nlr trong virng, vh gAp l4 ldn so chi em c6

Klf

on Hqc ve

PUU

Nr] -sO strsss- 45


TrAir

tlht

Quan+

hoc vll'ri bdp I). Cldc clri ern er'r hoc vfln cao lrcrrr
tiCp trh. tr trithrir: k! llrrrAt qtln cdn b0 khoa hoc
- k! tlruflt drtoc fihitrr lttyn s0 chi eln ctltflp" (Nglri,€rr Qrrang Vinh, 1'ldrl). 'l'ir ch6 nlr{lrr
dirrh hoc vflrr lh rrr0t y€rr tr{ qrr;rir trong trong
vi€c tiep tih.lrr k! tlrrrAt, lric gil c<)n clro t'irrg,
c. rt "klr0ng lrgrirrg lntl r0rrg co cdu n.1rrg ltrc cfra
Iro'1, hidu clAy rrlrrr li rnOl trorrg nhirrrg nhAn td
co birrr, lhrn rrin ting b6lt virrrg cho vi0c nllng
cao dia vi ngrrii phtr lrit ltOrrg tlrOn. (Ngu1'[1
Quarrg Virrh, Tldcl)
Qna cflu lr6i v0 rrglrd rrglri€p, cuOc cli€rr tra
cho bi6t: c6 t6i 27% li rrOi trcy, trolrg klri ty l0

niy ir rram chi c6 lTo.lr4it

khdc, khi

tri liri cltu

h6i chi tlrrrilrg l.\rn g'i trong lhdi gian rinlr r6i,
c6 t6i 640/o lri lili ho plrii lirn nhirrrg cOng vi0c
nlri vh vi€c nOi tr.rl, vi 357o phii lo chim sdrc
con ctii, lrong khi ty l0 tuong r?ng nhy iy rrarn
gi6i ciri ll, llEo vi 20To. Cfing trong thiri giarr

riirlr r6i, rlarn gidi tlrtrr)rrg cloc h6o (637o), rlgc
sitc.h (247o), vh gip gd barr hd (451,4 rrlrieu hcrrr
so v6i rr[r gir'ri (ttrcrrrg r?rrg In 4'7Vo, l4Vo vh

30Eo).

C6 16, clo ndng g{nh c6ng viec "i6 gin, nOi
tro" Ilth sd plril nir hi€ir clatrg li nhflri vi6rr, vi€rr
clrrlc c{c ccl quan Nhl rrridc ctirrg rrhrr rrhii'rrg
phu dir dang l)rrr rrlrirng rrglr0 lao d0rrg tri 6c
trollg rrrf,u cli€u tra cfing v.{n cd ty lS doc bdo
hlng nSiy thllp hcrlr so vdi nalrr girii cirrrg nghnlr
nglr€: 517o rrir so v6i 807o nant.
Neu liAn h€ vdi tirrh hinh plrii clim cltrcrng
c0ng viOc nOi iro vi chtrrn s6c corr ii{i lrhng
nghy ctra nguiri phu niir cfirrg nhu tlnlr hinh v6
lrinir ,io ho" vflrr, chring ta c6 thd lr)nh clurrg ra
hai rrguy€n lrhfln chinh lirn clro nir gidi cti ty l0
doc biio vh tlreo cl6i tirr tr?c, tlrdi su it irorr so vrli
narn gi6i. Tlrt? rrhflt, d(r lh kliorrg c6 dir tlriri gian
vh kliOirg cr'r rli'r clieu ki0lt theo cl6i rrhiirr vh
thrrdng xtiy0rr rrhrr tranr gi6i. Vi thr? hai, clo han
clrd

vt trirrh

clO

thi6t tlrbi 6 rn0t sd rndt tfong gia cf irrh vh xfl
lli0n iray, ry lQ plrrr rrlr cO di lhrrr vtr tlrarn
gia cric c0ng t6c xn hOi di ciong hon nhieu so
vdi lrrr6c, vh trr tu&rrg birrh quydn lrarn n[? trong
gia clirrh cting {rhti'trorrg if, irOi cli drrcyc kluing
rlinh vh cli cao rr0t cdclr clrfrrh tlrr'ic.

cc)rr

lrOi.

-liry nlri€n, trorrg thuc te, dudrrg
nhu
rrhidu ngudi, kd

ci

cdn

nanr gi(ri lf,n chfnlr nii gi
vIn quan ni0rn ring tr{ch nhi0nr "t€ gia, nOi
{1s" vl chiln s(rc con crii chtr ytu vfrn thuOc v€
ngrrrli plru rrff. Tt d6 df,n dtn ch6 lran ch€ khi
ning lheo d6i cdc phurrrrg tiOn truy€n thOng dai
clrdrrg cir phu nir so v6i rrarn gi6i.l,e tflt lnhi€rr,
nhlrlrg lrhen rlinh rrralrg tinir giA tlruy€t tr€u cllly
cAn clrroc kidnr clrr?ng qrra nhihrg cu0c di6u tra
khdc sflrr r0ng lrolr.

Qrra rnot sd n6t pirArr tfch vd r?rrg xir .i,o
IICM dOi udi vi€c ti€p cdn
vh theo d6i cdc phrrong ti€n truy0n tlr0ng clai
clrrirrg, nirAt lI khi doi chieu vdi frng xu ctra narn
gidi, chfrrrg ta c6 lhd nhAn thdy .ing, trorrg
khtrOn khci phArr tich xf, hOi l.rocl,, bi\it sA' gii'i

tfnlr khOng cbn don thuAn l) mOt bi€rr sd nhAn
klrdu hoc rrfia, rni thuc ra n6 plrllr r{nh nhlrrrg
rrgrrdi phu nti A TP.

vfln d0 liOrr quan tdi vi tri cira ngudi phu nir
trong gia dinh

vi

trorrg

x[

hOi.

I

t:

,

rauEuuaM_Kuao:

l.

Mai Virr llai.

T'ap chf xf, hOi hoc No lll992. l,lw
rrir n0ng thOn v6i viec lrrrirng thU virn hod qua ctic

plrrrong ti0n tlr0rrg tin clai chring. tr. 50.
2. Nguydn Quang Vinh. 199.5. Phu irii vdi su ddi mlyi
cdc thi6t clr€ xf, hOi trong rnOt vilrrg nOng thOrr
dang plrdt tridn. 'frorrg: Gih dlrrlr vh clia vi ngrr<)i
plru nir lrong x[ lr0i. Nxb KI.lXll, [], 199.5, U-.27]

- 238.

lroc vl\rt.

Thuc ra ci hai ydu t0 rriy, theo suy ltglri
nlang tinlr gii thrrydt cira chring tOi, cidu phrilr
firth rrr0t tlruc lai klr:ic sflu xa hcrli, cl
PoScn

46 - Hilon Hgc v€ puu N0 -sdurqqe

"-x?qT[ui