Syngress building SANs with brocade fabric switches kho tài liệu training

1 YEAR UPGRADE
BUYER PROTECTION PLAN

Building

SANs
Brocade
with

Fa b r i c S w i t c h e s
How to Design, Implement, and Maintain Storage Area
Networks (SANs) with Brocade Fabric Switches
• Step-by-step instructions for establishing your SAN requirements—such as high
availability, performance, and cost savings—and translating those requirements
into an effective SAN design
• Detailed examples to guide you through the process of installing and troubleshooting your Brocade SAN
• Practical discussions about SAN components and popular SAN configurations
such as storage consolidation, disaster tolerance, and LAN-free backup
Chris Beauchamp Author
Josh Judd Author
Benjamin Kuo Contributor


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With more than 1,500,000 copies of our MCSE, MCSD, CompTIA, and Cisco
study guides in print, we continue to look for ways we can better serve the
information needs of our readers. One way we do that is by listening.
Readers like yourself have been telling us they want an Internet-based service that would extend and enhance the value of our books. Based on
reader feedback and our own strategic plan, we have created a Web site
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is an interactive treasure trove of useful information focusing on our book topics and related technologies. The site
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www.syngress.com/solutions

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1 YEAR UPGRADE
BUYER PROTECTION PLAN

Building

SANs
Brocade
with

Fa b r i c S w i t c h e s

Chris Beauchamp Author
Josh Judd Author
Benjamin Kuo Contributor


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Page iv

Syngress Publishing, Inc., the author(s), and any person or firm involved in the writing, editing, or
production (collectively “Makers”) of this book (“the Work”) do not guarantee or warrant the results to
be obtained from the Work.
There is no guarantee of any kind, expressed or implied, regarding the Work or its contents.The Work is
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Syngress Publishing, Inc. Brands and product names mentioned in this book are trademarks or service marks
of their respective companies.“Brocade®,” “SilkWorm®,” and the Brocade logo are registerd trademarks of
Brocade Communications Systems, Inc., in the United States and/or any other countries.
KEY

001
002
003
004
005
006
007
008
009
010

SERIAL NUMBER
Q3G4T9U2F5
6YHQ94MLE4
VMERKJ6C4N
XD7Y4B39UN
8SRT9U6N7H
3W7YRNTEP4
LHB65TR46T
4DB9R5LZMR
N835M4KBAZ
QT6Y4RTWFC

PUBLISHED BY
Syngress Publishing, Inc.
800 Hingham Street
Rockland, MA 02370
Building SANs with Brocade Fabric Switches

Copyright © 2001 by Syngress Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of

America. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the
prior written permission of the publisher, with the exception that the program listings may be entered,
stored, and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication.
Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
ISBN: 1-928994-30-X
Technical Editors: Chris Beauchamp,
Josh Judd, Benjamin Kuo
Acquisitions Editor: Catherine B. Nolan
Developmental Editor: Kate Glennon
Copy Editor: Beth A. Roberts

Freelance Editorial Manager: Maribeth Corona-Evans
Cover Designer: Michael Kavish
Page Layout and Art by: Shannon Tozier
Indexer: Jennifer Coker


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Syngress Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge the following people for their kindness and support
in making this book possible.
Greg Reyes, Jack Cuthbert, Doug Wesolek, Maggie Conroy, Julie Chiu, Elaine Tite,

Jeff Seltzer, and Chris Mingrone at Brocade, for championing the idea of a Brocade
SANs book. Also special thanks to Viet Dao, John Gareri, Mark Murphy, Jay Rafati,
Ron Totah, Ezio Valdevit, John Bae, James Carpignano, Steve Daheb, Derek Granath,
Jay Kidd, Omy Shani, James Bleess, Owen Higginson, Leo Kappeler, Chris M.
Nguyen, Mark Peluso, and Henry Robinson for their help in making this book a
reality.
Ralph Troupe of Callisma for his invaluable insight and guidance. Ralph’s expertise in
SAN architecture and design solutions for next-generation storage networking
implementations helped define our vision for this book.
Richard Kristof and Duncan Anderson of Global Knowledge, for their generous
access to the IT industry’s best courses, instructors, and training facilities.
Karen Cross, Lance Tilford, Meaghan Cunningham, Kim Wylie, Harry Kirchner,
Kevin Votel, Kent Anderson, and Frida Yara of Publishers Group West for sharing
their incredible marketing experience and expertise.
Mary Ging, Caroline Hird, Simon Beale, Caroline Wheeler,Victoria Fuller, Jonathan
Bunkell, and Klaus Beran of Harcourt International for making certain that our
vision remains worldwide in scope.
Anneke Baeten and Annabel Dent of Harcourt Australia for all their help.
David Buckland,Wendi Wong, Daniel Loh, Marie Chieng, Lucy Chong, Leslie Lim,
Audrey Gan, and Joseph Chan of Transquest Publishers for the enthusiasm with
which they receive our books.
Kwon Sung June at Acorn Publishing for his support.
Ethan Atkin at Cranbury International for his help in expanding the
Syngress program.
v


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This book was designed and written to provide information about storage area networking architectures. Every effort has been made to make this book as complete
and accurate as possible. However, the information in this book is provided to you
“AS IS,” without warranty of any kind, including, without limitation, any implied
warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
The authors and Brocade Communications Systems, Inc., shall have no liability or
responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss, cost, liability, or damages arising from the information contained in this book or the computer programs
that accompany it, and specifically disclaim any implied.

vi


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Brocade Acknowledgments
This book truly represents a complete Brocade team effort.We would like to
acknowledge several people in particular.Without their help, dedication, and knowledge, this book would not have been possible.The thorough technical review by Viet
Dao, John Gareri, Mark Murphy, Jay Rafati, Ron Totah, and Ezio Valdevit shaped our
manuscripts into a book that Brocade can be proud of. John Bae, James Carpignano,
Steve Daheb, Derek Granath, Jay Kidd, and Omy Shani provided several timely contributions to the content.We also incorporated material written by others within

Brocade: James Bleess, Owen Higginson, Leo Kappeler, Chris M. Nguyen, Mark
Peluso, and Henry Robinson.We would also like to thank Maggie Conroy and Doug
Wesolek for their guidance and help with the publication process.

—Josh Judd and Chris Beauchamp

vii


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Authors
Chris Beauchamp is a Senior SAN Architect for Brocade
Communications Systems, Inc. Chris moved to Brocade in 1998 as a
Systems Engineer supporting several strategic customers with the application and qualification of SilkWorm fabric switches. Chris now focuses on

SAN design and architecture, with an emphasis on scalability and troubleshooting. His specialties include Sun servers, storage performance analysis and capacity planning, Fibre Channel trace analysis, scripting in
various languages, and SAN administration. Chris holds a Master of
Science in Computer Engineering from Villanova University and a
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science degree from West Chester
University. Chris’s background includes positions as a Systems
Administrator at General Electric and a Systems Engineer at Sun
Microsystems. Chris currently resides outside of San Jose in the Santa
Cruz Mountains with his wife Sarah and daughter Meagan.
Josh Judd is a Senior SAN Architect with Brocade Communications
Systems, Inc. In addition to writing technical literature, he provides
senior-level strategic support for major OEMs and end-users of Brocade
storage network products worldwide.When he first went to work for
Brocade, he was the company’s Senior IT Specialist, responsible for escalations in every area of the company’s network, server, and desktop infrastructure. Josh’s career as an IT consultant has given him a diverse skill set,
which includes senior-level expertise in several UNIX variants,Windows
9x/NT/2k administration, RAID configuration and optimization, storage
virtualization and clustering software (such as that produced by VERITAS
Software), and network engineering with many vendors, including Cisco,
Foundry, Lucent, and 3com. Before joining Brocade four years ago, Josh
worked at IBM Global Services, LSI Logic, and Taos Mountain
Consulting. He lives in San Jose, California.

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Special Contributor
Benjamin F. Kuo is a Software Development Manager at TROIKA
Networks. Headquartered in Westlake Village, CA,TROIKA Networks is
a developer of Fibre Channel Host Bus Adapters, dynamic multipathing,
and management software for Storage Area Networks. Ben manages
development of network management software at TROIKA and is also
active as the chair of the HBA API subgroup of the Storage Networking
Industry Association (SNIA), where he spearheads efforts to develop
interoperable standards in storage networking. Ben’s background includes
positions at Paracel Inc. (now Celera Genomics), IBM, Micropolis, and
Echelon Corp. Ben also runs socalTECH.com, a Web site and daily
newsletter focused on high tech in Southern California. Ben holds a
Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of
Southern California and is a member of the IEEE. Ben lives in
Moorpark, California, with his wife Jennifer and son Jonathan.

Contributor
Alex Neefus is the Lead Interoperability Test Engineer at Lamprey
Networks, Inc. Lamprey Networks offers certification testing services and

test tool development to the Fibre Channel industry. Alex has worked on
developing testing tools for the SANmark program hosted by the FCIA.
This program certifies Fibre Channel devices for conformance and interoperability. Alex has also co-authored and written a number of conformance test suites for both the FCIA and the University of New
Hampshire Interoperability Lab. Alex’s background also includes working
for the UNH Interoperability Lab in the Fibre Channel Consortium for
over a year and a half. At the lab his primary work is in developing procedures and tools for testing Fibre Channel products, and working with
members of the industry to solve interoperability problems with devices
on the market. Alex resides in Durham, New Hampshire.
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Contents

Foreword
Learn When to
Deploy a SAN

Things to consider when
deciding whether a SAN is
the right solution:
■ The primary
application that
needs to be solved
■ Speed, bandwidth,
and distance
requirements
■ The amount of
data sharing or
consolidation needed
■ The cost of the SAN
infrastructure
required, such as
switches, cables,
and HBAs

Chapter 1 Introduction to SANs
Introduction
Overview of SANs
Taming the Storage Monster
Benefits of Building a SAN
Ensuring High Availability
Consolidating Storage
Reducing Network Congestion from Backup

Accelerating Backup Cycles
Speeding Up Data Access
Increasing Server Cycles
Ensuring Disaster Tolerance
When to Deploy a SAN
Designing Around the Application
Assessing Speed, Bandwidth, and
Distance Requirements
Data Sharing and Consolidation Needs
Resource Sharing
Volume-Level Sharing
File-Level Sharing
Steps to a Successful SAN Deployment
Summary
Solutions Fast Track
Frequently Asked Questions

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Contents

Master Fabric Services

Fabric services provide

information to nodes in a
switched fabric topology.
Services can be distributed
across all switches,
creating the appearance
of single-service type
servers. In this chapter, we
discuss a number of
different fabric services,
including:
Login Server
Name Server
Fabric/Switch
Controller
Management Server
Time Server

Chapter 2 Fibre Channel Basics
Introduction
The Architecture of SANs
Fibre Channel Protocol
Classes of Service
Storage Network Topologies
Fabric Services
Fibre Channel Protocol Basics
Fibre Channel Levels
ULPs
Classes of Service
Class 1
Class 2

Class 3
Class 4
Class F
Storage Network Topologies
Point-to-Point Topology
Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL)
Topology
Switched Fabric Topology
Fabric Services
Login Server
Name Server
Fabric/Switch Controller
Management Server
Time Server
Other Services
Summary
Solutions Fast Track
Frequently Asked Questions
Chapter 3 SAN Components
and Equipment
Introduction
Overview of Fibre Channel Equipment
Cabling and Media

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Contents

Understand Fibre
Channel Equipment

WARNING
Any single-mode or
multimode laser
can damage your
eyes if it is transmitted at 1300 nm.
The 1300 nm wavelength is not in the
visible spectrum, so
you will not see a
laser being transmitted like in 850 nm
fiber. A 1300 nm
laser is dangerous,
because it can cause
severe retina
damage.

GBICs and Connectors

Hubs
Switches
Storage
Host Bus Adapters
Routers and Bridges
Cabling and GBICs
Copper Versus Optical: Selecting Your Media
Copper Cabling
Multimode Optical Cabling
Single-Mode Optical Cabling
Connecting with Connectors
The DB-9 Copper Connector
The HSSDC Copper Connector
The SC Optical Connector
High-Density Fiber-Optic Connectors
Comparing GBICs to Fixed Media
Using a GBIC
Pros and Cons of Using GBICs
GBIC Ports on Equipment
Serialized Versus Nonserialized
Common Problems with GBICs
Media Interface Adapters
Using Hubs
Simple Electrical Hubs
Managed Hubs
LIP Service: Fibre Channel LIPs,
Problems, and Solutions
Getting Out of the Loop: Migrating
to Switched Fabric
Using Switches and Fibre Channel Fabrics

Basic Switch Types
Entry-Level Switches
Scalable Fabric Switches
Core Fabric Switches

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Contents

Features of Fibre Channel Switches
Zoning
Classes of Service
Fabric Services
Redundancy
Buffer Credits per Port

Self-Configuring Ports
Auto-Negotiating Speeds
IP over Fibre Channel Broadcasting
Firmware Upgrade Methods
Loop Operation: Making Your Switch
Act Like a Hub
FSPF Compliance
Management Interfaces
Serial Port
Telnet
SNMP
Web-Based Management
Application-Based Management
SCSI Enclosure Services
Connecting Your Servers with Host
Bus Adapters
Connecting Hosts to the Fabric
HBA Types
Speeds
Ports
Combination Adapters
Fabric-Capable Versus Loop Adapters
HBA-Based LUN Masking
Persistent Binding
Default LUN Access Permissions
Upper-Level Protocol Access Permissions
Dynamic Versus Static Discovery
Configuration Management Software
HBA API Support
Remote Boot across the SAN

Hot-Plug Support

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Contents

Connecting Legacy Devices into Your SAN
Basic Features of Routers
Number of SCSI Buses
Types of SCSI Ports,Termination
Selective LUN Presentation
Extended Copy Support
Management Interfaces
Bridging and Routing to IP Networks
and Beyond
Fibre Channel to DWDM
Fibre Channel across IP Networks

IP over Fibre Channel to Gigabit Ethernet
Fibre Channel Storage
Individual Disk Drives and JBODs
High-End Storage Arrays
Selective LUN Presentation
LUN Export across Multiple Ports
Snapshot Backup Volumes
Summary
Solutions Fast Track
Frequently Asked Questions
Simplify SAN fabric
management with
Brocade WEB TOOLS

Brocade WEB TOOLS is a
software utility that
enables you to manage
and monitor your fabric
through a Web browser
interface and Java plug-in.
Using WEB TOOLS, you
can view all switches in
the SAN from a single
interface from any
workstation in your
enterprise—even at a
remote location.

Chapter 4 Overview of Brocade
SilkWorm Switches and Features

Introduction
Selecting the Right Switch
Entry-Level Switches
SilkWorm 2010 (8 Ports) and
2210 (16 Ports)
SilkWorm 2040 (8 Ports) and
2240 (16 Ports)
SilkWorm 2050 (8 Ports) and
2250 (16 Ports)
Scalable Fabric Switches
SilkWorm 2400
SilkWorm 2800

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Contents

SilkWorm 6400 Integrated Fabric
SilkWorm 12000 Core Fabric Switch
Understanding the Brocade Fabric OS
Fabric OS Core Functions
Fibre Channel Services for Reconfiguration
Dynamic Routing Services
Facilities for End-to-End SAN Management
Brocade Command Line Interface
Using Optional Brocade Features
Brocade Zoning
Extended Fabrics
Fabric Watch
Understanding Loop Support, QuickLoop,
and Fabric Assist
Brocade WEB TOOLS
Future Capabilities in the Brocade Intelligent
Fabric Services Architecture
Brocade ISL Trunking
Brocade Frame Filtering
More Robust Hardware-Enforced
Zoning
Enhanced End-to-End Performance
Analysis
Secure Fabric OS
Summary
Solutions Fast Track
Frequently Asked Questions

Chapter 5 The SAN Design Process
Introduction

Looking at the Overall Lifecycle of a SAN
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Architecture Development
Prototype and Testing
Transition
Release to Production

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Contents

Master the seven
phases of the SAN
design lifecycle:

1. Data Collection
2. Data Analysis
3. Architecture

Development
4. Prototype and Test
5. Transition
6. Release to Production
7. Maintenance

Maintenance
Conducting Data Collection
Creating an Interview Plan
Conducting the Interviews
What Overall Business Problem Are
You Trying to Solve?
What Are the Business Requirements
of the Solution?
What Is Known about the Nodes that
Will Attach to the SAN?
Which SAN-Enabled Applications
Do You Have in Mind?
Which Components of the Solution
Already Exist?
Which Components Are Already
in Production?
Which Elements of the Solution
Need to Be Prototyped and Tested?
What Equipment Will Be Available
for Testing?
How and When Are Backups to
Be Done?
What Will Be the Traffic Patterns in
the Solution?

What Do We Know about Current
Performance Characteristics?
What Do We Know about
Future Performance Characteristics?
How Much Downtime Is Acceptable to
Production Components During
Implementation?
How Much Downtime Is Acceptable
for Routine Maintenance? How Much
Downtime Is Acceptable for Upgrades
and Architectural Changes?
When Do You Need Each Piece
of the Solution to Be Complete?

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Contents

Answer Your
Questions about SAN
Applications and
Configurations

Q: I would like to cluster
my databases for
better performance.
What databases can

I use?

A: Most major databases
now support fabric
switch-based
clustering, including
Oracle Parallel Server,
IBM DB2 Parallel
Edition, and Microsoft
SQL Server.

Q: I would like to have my
Exchange Mail Server
highly available. What
should I do?

A: Brocade has developed
HA solutions for the
Exchange Server that
can be used in setting
up your desired SAN
configuration.

Summary List of Questions
Conduct a Physical Assessment
Analyzing the Collected Data
Processing What You Have Collected
Establishing Port Requirements
Simple Case
Moderate Case

Complex Case
Preparing an ROI Analysis
The Return On Investment Proposition
The Rest of the Process and the
Repetition of the Cycle
Summary
Solutions Fast Track
Frequently Asked Questions

Chapter 6 SAN Applications
and Configurations
Introduction
Configuring a High-Availability Cluster
Typical HA Application or Database Server
Microsoft Cluster Server
Using a SAN for Storage Consolidation
Shared Storage Using a Web Farm
Storage Partitioning Using Switch Zoning
Switch Zoning Configuration for
Departmental SANs
Storage Partitioning Using Storage LUN
Masking
Storage Partitioning Using HBA LUN
Masking
Partitioning with Software
LAN-Free Backup Configuration
SAN Server-Free Backup
SAN-Based Third-Party Copy Data Movers
Making Your Enterprise Disaster Tolerant
Data Replication and Remote Backup

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Contents

Metropolitan Area Network Solutions
Summary
Solutions Fast Track
Frequently Asked Questions

Develop a SAN
Architecture

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Chapter 7 Developing a SAN Architecture
Introduction
Identifying Fabric Topologies and SAN
Architectures
Useful Topologies
Scalability
Cascade Topology
Ring Topology
Mesh Topologies
Core/Edge or Star Topologies
Topologies at a Glance
Complex Topologies
Working with the Core/Edge Topology
Scaling without Downtime
Adding an Edge Switch
Upgrading the Core
Determining Levels of Availability
Configuring Traffic Patterns
Leveraging Tiers
Exploiting Locality
Using Any-to-Any Connectivity
Evaluating Performance Considerations
When Is Over-Subscription Bad?
Considerations Outside the Fabric
Summary
Solutions Fast Track
Frequently Asked Questions

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Chapter 8 SAN Troubleshooting
Introduction
The Troubleshooting Approach:The SAN
Is a Virtual Cable

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Contents

SAN Troubleshooting

When you start the
troubleshooting process,
determine whether the
issue is fabric-related or
device-related. A fabricrelated issue impacts
many devices, while a
device-related issue affects
only a few devices.

A Typical Scenario: “I Cannot See My Disks”
Where to Start and What Data to Gather
Take a Snapshot: Describe the
Problem and Gather Information
Troubleshooting Tools
Using the Switch LEDs
Switch Diagnostics
Helpful Commands
SAN Profile
What Data Can a Host Provide?
When to Use portLog and Other
Advanced Tools
Troubleshooting the Fabric
What to Look for in a Malfunctioning Fabric
Host Behavior
SAN Profile
Switch LEDs
The errShow Command
The switchShow Command
The topologyShow Command
The nsShow and nsAllShow Commands
Now that You Suspect a SAN Issue:
Digging Deeper
Timeout of Edge Devices During
Fabric Bring Up
Port Configuration Conflict or
Missing Fabric License
Segmented Fabrics
Troubleshooting Devices that Cannot Be Seen
What to Look for in the Fabric

Are the Host and Storage Visible via
switchShow on Their Respective Switches?
Do the Devices Show Up in the Name
Server?
Rule Out Zoning Issues
Edge Device Not in the Name Server

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Contents

Troubleshooting Marginal Links
Marginal Point-to-Point/Fabric Device Links
Marginal Loop Connections
Nx_Port (Host/Storage) Behavior with
a Marginal Port in the Loop
Marginal GBIC/Cable
Connected Device
Fault Isolation
How the Switch Can Help: Fabric Watch
and QuickLoop Zoning
Overview of SilkWorm Port Error Statistics
Troubleshooting I/O Pauses

Summary
Solutions Fast Track
Frequently Asked Questions

Chapter 9 SAN Implementation,
Maintenance, and Management
Introduction
Installation Considerations
Use licenseShow to
How to Cable Your SAN for Ease of
Determine What
Operation
Licenses Are Installed
Racking Considerations
on Your Switch
In-Band or Out-of-Band Management?
IPFC In-Band Guidelines
core1:admin> licenseShow
Setting Switch Parameters
SRzy9Sz9zeTS0zAG:
What Fabric OS Version Should I Use?
Licenses
Web license
Automating
Switch Administration Activities
bbSz9eQb9zccT0AQ:
Fabric OS APIs
Zoning license
Expect Scripting
RdzdSRcSyzSe0eTn:

A Switch Management Wrapper
QuickLoop license
Using Expect
Brocade Zoning Considerations
cSczRScd9RdTd0SY:
Where to Zone?
Fabric license
Hard Zoning or Soft Zoning?

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Contents

Hard Zoning and Soft Zoning
Differences
Zone Management
Scripting Zoning Operations

Zoning Tips
Validating Your Fabric
Baseline Your SAN Profile
Fault Injection
Running an I/O Load
Types of Load
I/O Generators
SAN Maintenance
The Configuration Log: Key Information
to Gather and Maintain about Your SAN
Backing Up and Restoring a Switch
Configuration
Bringing Up a Fabric
Expanding a Fabric: Merging Fabrics, Adding
a Switch, or Replacing a Switch
Upgrading Your Fabric
Issues Applicable to Both Hot and
Cold Upgrades
Performing a Hot Fabric Upgrade
Performing a Cold Fabric Upgrade
How to Automate firmwareDownload
Replacing or Adding an Edge Device in
the Fabric
Summary
Solutions Fast Track
Frequently Asked Questions

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400
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403
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Appendix Building SANs with
Brocade Fabric Switches Fast Track

409

Index

431