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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

NGUYEN MINH THANG

STATE MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONIC
JOURNALISM IN VIETNAM NOWADAYS
Major: Constitutional Law and Administrative Law
Code: 9.38.01.02

SUMMARY OF DISSERTATION FOR A
DOCTORAL DEGREE IN JURISPRUDENCE

Hanoi - 2019


The work was completed at
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

Scientific Supervisor: Prof. PhD. Hoang The Lien

Reviewer 1: Prof. PhD. Nguyen Minh Doan

Reviewer 2: Prof. PhD. Nguyen Dang Dung

Reviewer 3: Assoc.Prof. PhD. Le Thi Huong

The dissertation will be defended before the thesis review council
of the Academy at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences at
minute, day month year.

The thesis can be found at:
- National Library of Vietnam
- Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences.

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OVERVIEW
1. Rationale
Over the years, electronic journalism has provided more and more diverse, rich
and vivid information; actively propagates the undertakings, views, guidelines of the
Party and law of the State; reflects the thoughts and justifiable aspirations of all classes
of the people; discovers and encourages new elements; launches and organizes many
revolutionary movements and meaningful social activities, bringing practical effects to
the country; actively participates in the fight against negative activities.
The electronic journalism has contributed to the exercise of citizens' right
to have freedom of speech, journalism, right to access to information, and
transparency of social activities in general and of the State in particular; improve
the quality of the people's knowledge for all classes of people. In addition to the
utilities that electronic journalism has brought, the operation of electronic
journalism still has some shortcomings and limitations: putting sensational
headlines, hooks, following mediocre trends, commercialization trends,
misdirecting public opinion.
In terms of theory, there are still some limitations and shortcomings that
need to be further studied and analyzed to clarify: The concept of electronic
journalism, characteristics of electronic journalism, role and value of electronic
journalism; or the concept of state management, characteristics of state
management, role of subject, ... factors affecting the state management of
electronic journalism. On the other hand, the system of legal documents does not
have a separate regulation for electronic journalism; regulations of the Party, the

State and the law are in line with the journalism and Internet regulations; law
documents about journalism are not sufficient, suitable and synchronized; The
officers responsible for State management are not sufficient and there are some
limitations that are not commensurate with the development of electronic
journalism. The issues mentioned above are also one of the basic causes of
difficulties in the state management of electronic journalism in our country.
Therefore, the study of the topic in the scale of a doctoral dissertation is topical in
the current situation.
From the above reasons, the researcher chooses the topic "State
management of electronic journalism in Vietnam nowadays" as a dissertation
for a doctoral degree in jurisprudence.
2. Aims and tasks of the study
2.1. Aims of the study
The dissertation's research purpose is to contribute to clarify theoretical
issues about state management of electronic journalism; assess and generalize the
state management of electronic journalism in our country in recent years.
2.2. Tasks of the study
(1) Need to collect and research works inside and outside the country that
point out the issues that need research related to the dissertation such as (2) Study

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the theoretical basis of state management for electronic journalism , clarifying the
content of theoretical bases (3) Studying state management practices for electronic
journalism, it is necessary to generalize, analyze and synthesize electronic
journalism organization, newspaper activities (4) Proposals, some orientations and
views of our Party and State on state management of electronic journalism.
3.1. Research subjects
The research subjects of the dissertation are issues related to state

management of electronic journalism including opinions, policies of the Party, the
State, and legal documents on state management.
3.2. Scope of the study
Space: the dissertation focuses on studying theoretical and practical issues
for journalism and electronic journalism in our country from 2010 to now.
4. Research methodology and research methods
4.1. Research methodology
The dissertation is based on the scientific research methodology of
dialectical materialism and historical materialism according to Marxism Leninism, Ho Chi Minh Thoughts, the views of our Party and State.
4.3. Research methods
Analytical method: This method is used to analyze, interpret, evaluate
theoretical and practical issues of state management on electronic journalism as a
basis for building a comprehensive theory.
Systematic method: this method is used to systematize the theoretical and
practical knowledge according to an analytical framework that has been presented
according to the structure of the dissertation.
Syndissertation method: this method is used to collect and summarize the
documents and data that have been studied.
Historical method: this method is used to understand the history of
formation and development of state management of electronic journalism.
Comparison method: this method is used to compare the figures of each
year and the views of the authors.
5. Scientific contributions of the dissertation
The dissertation is an in-depth study at the doctoral level in analytical law
which clarifies theoretical and practical issues on state management of electronic
journalism in Vietnam: (1) Theoretical basis on electronic journalism; (2) Analyze
to deepen the state management practice of electronic journalism; (3) Propose
feasible, scientific and effective solutions for state management of electronic
journalism.
6. Scientific meanings of the dissertation

Theoretical aspect: The dissertation contributes to clarify the theoretical
aspect and serves as a basis for the continuation of the law on state management
with electronic journalism in Vietnam nowadays.

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Practical aspect: The dissertation contributes to provide practical basis for
the competent authorities to refer and apply the research results of the dissertation
topic in the effective implementation and management of the dissertation. state
management for electronic journalism.
7. Organization of the study
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references, the main content of
the dissertation consists of 4 chapters as follows:
CHAPTER 1: Overview of the researches related to the topic
CHAPTER 2: Theoretical issues of state management of electronic journalism
CHAPTER 3: The reality of state management of electronic journalism
in our country
CHAPTER 4: Orientation and solutions to improve the state management
of electronic journalism.
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCHES RELATED THE TOPIC
1.1. Reality of the researches related to the topic
1.1.1. The reality of researches of theoretical issues related to the topic
The Fourth Power and Four General Secretary Generations (1995),
(From Brussels to Giápcopop in "Pravda": Reference Victo Aphanaxép.
Translated by: Nguyen Tan Viet, Ho Quy Truyen, Vu Van Thach, (National
Political Publishing House, Hanoi.) The book outlines the birth of the journalism
and the position and the great role of the journalism, in the political institutions, in
society; the book also clarifies the concept of the power of journalism on political

life.
The book Mass Media - basic knowledge (2004), by Claudia, (UVK
Meiien Publisher of Federal Republic of Germany), translated by Tran Hau Thai
(Vietnam News Agency Publishing House, Hanoi). The content of the book deals
with basic issues such as the concept of information - communication; information
means; information activities, information subjects; moral responsibilities and
obligations of journalists; principles and purposes of journalism in some
developed countries.
The book Theoretical Basis of Journalism (2007), Prof. Dr.To Ngoc Tan,
Editor (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi). The content of the book
refers to the principle of Marxism - Leninism and Ho Chi Minh Thought on
journalism (with the Party, mass, honesty).
The book Issues of Modern Journalism (2007), by Hoang Dinh Cuc and
Duc Dung (Political Theory Publishing House, Hanoi). The book deals with 18
surrounding areas of journalism.
The book Marxist, Friedrich Engels, V.I.Lenin, Ho Chi Minh with the
journalism (2010), by Prof. Ha Minh Duc (National Political Publishing House,
Hanoi). The book presents views of Marxist, Friedrich Engels, V.I.Lenin and Ho
Chi Minh on functions and characteristics.

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The book Electronic Newspaper: Basic issues (2014), by Nguyen Thi
Truong Giang (Political - Administration Publishing House, Hanoi). The book
deals with a number of issues surrounding the electronic newspaper such as:
History of establishment, the concept and characteristics of the electronic
newspaper; the difference between online newspapers and websites.
The Master's dissertation State management of electronic newspapers in
Vietnam today (2015) by Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen, major in journalism

(Academy of Journalism and Communication). This dissertation has the title of
electronic network newspaper, so the dissertation only gives some concepts of
electronic network newspapers and characteristics and the role of electronic
network newspapers.
The group of above-mentioned works focused on the internal research of
theoretical issues on state management of journalism, mass media and electronic
journalism. Those are the issues: concepts, origins, characteristics and nature of
journalism, electronic journalism and management, state management of
electronic journalism ... The authors clarify the theoretical issues for with the
target groups, in each field, from which to draw comments, assessments, general
conclusions and characteristics of state management over the journalism,
electronic journalism.
1.1.2. The reality of researches of practical issues related to the topic
The book Four Media Theories (1956) in the US, by Fred S. Siebert,
Theodore Peterson, Wilbur Schramm, the former head of the communications
department, University of Michigan, translated by translator Le Ngoc Son
(Knowledge Publishing House, 2013). Four media theories have identified the
types of media that the world and the Western journalism have: authoritarianism,
liberalism, the social responsibility theory, the totalitarian theory.
The book Strengthening leadership and state management to create
favorable conditions for the Vietnamese journalism to develop strongly and firmly
(2007), edited by the Central Propaganda Department (Political Theory Publishing
House, Hanoi). The book affirms that our revolutionary journalism principle is
always under the leadership of the Party, the State's management, and the voice of
the Party, the State and the people.
The doctoral dissertation Communist Party of Vietnam’s management of
the electronic newspaper in the present day (2014), by Nguyen Huy Ngoc (Ho
Chi Minh National Academy of Politics). The author has mentioned the current
status of electronic media and affirmed the leading role of the Communist Party of
Vietnam in the journalism.

The book Modern State Management Models (2013), by David Held,
translated by Pham Nguyen Truong, (Knowledge Publishing House, Hanoi). The
content of the book covers quite well the history of the formation and
development of the state and the work of state management in the fields, politics
and social organizations.

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Ministry-level topic Journalism direction and management in the present
day (2008), chaired by the Journalism - Publication Department, the Central
Propaganda Department. The topic has studied the overview of the development
situation of the revolutionary Vietnamese journalism.
Master's dissertation State management of electronic newspapers in
Vietnam (2015), by Pham Thi Quynh Mai, majoring in public management of
Ministry of Home Affairs, National Academy of Public Administration. Although
the title of the dissertation is the state management of the activities of electronic
newspapers in Vietnam ...
Master's dissertation State management of journalism (2010), by Nguyen
Viet Tuan, Law major, Ho Chi Minh University of Law. The author goes into
depth analysis on state management of journalism in the current situation, through
this dissertation; the author also raises some points that are not consistent with the
state management of journalism.
Article Strengthening the state management of the law on the press (2012), by
Hoang Anh, (Electronic Communist Review, October 25, 2012). The author assessed that
the reality of our country's system of legal documents on journalism has made much
progress.
Thus, the research works related to state management of electronic journalism.
Through analysis and synthesis, the authors have generalized the status of the operation
of the journalism in general and the electronic journalism in particular in recent years at

home and abroad; Along with the strong development of the Internet and social
networks, the electronic journalism in our country has also developed rapidly with a
large readership. Management, planning and building of a contingent of state
management officials for electronic journalism are still limited; mechanisms, policies
and systems of legal documents are inadequate and inadequate. This is a valuable
resource for the author to inherit, promote and clarify new issues of the dissertation.
1.1.3. Research situation and proposals, recommendations and solutions
related to the dissertation topic
The book The direction of the state management of journalism for 25
years conducting the renovation cause (2012), edited by author Nguyen The Ky
(National Political Publishing House, Hanoi). The book consists of 3 chapters,
including chapter 3 of the book analyzing the interpretation and proposal (5 tasks)
and (6 solutions) to enhance the quality and effectiveness of leadership.
Book Building media group strategic solutions in developing Vietnam
press (2013), by Le Hai (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi). The book
not only offers solutions for building a media group model in our country, but also
recommends a number of models of state management of journalism in some
countries with developed journalism.
The book Electronic Journalism in Vietnam - orientation and solution
(2015), by Nguyen Cong Dung (People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi). The
book consists of 2 parts: Part 1, introducing some issues of state management of

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electronic journalism in Vietnam and some experiences and solutions of state
management of electronic journalism in some countries.
The ministry-level topic Researching theoretical and practical basis,
proposing state management solutions for journalism in our country in the trend
of economic integration (2008), by Vu Thanh Son (Press Department, Ministry of

Information and Communications). The author has proposed a number of 4 basic
solutions such as: Reviewing the system of legal documents (QPPL) to timely
amend and supplement; It is required to build a qualified contingent of public
officials in charge of journalism; There should be a strategy to plan a specific
development roadmap for the press in the coming time; Strengthening
international exchanges and cooperation.
The aticle Why is it necessary to strengthen the state management of
electronic journalism? (2010), by Nguyen Cong Dung (Journal of Electronic
Communism, July 7, 2010). Through the article, the author proposes a number of
solutions to enhance the state management of electronic journalism in our country
today and has some suggestions to the party and the state in the management of
electroni journalism.
The article Electronic newspapers, websites and social networks:
Development orientation and state management (2015), authored by Nguyen The
Ky published in Thanh Nien newspaper (January 13, 2015). This is a good article
and has a lot of content related to the PhD dissertation topic. Through the article,
the author has proposed and recommendations to improve the leading role of the
Party and the State in the state management of electronic journalism.
The article China Again tighens control of Online, infomation, temporary
translation: "Trung Quốc tiếp tục thắt chặt kiểm soát thông tin và báo chí điện tử"
(26/9/2005), Us Fed Nevvs Servicae. (Source: ProQuesl)). The author said that
China manages the state in the field of mass media by the Internet Law enacted in
2005.
Group of research works related to proposals, recommendations and
solutions to enhance the state management of the press and electronic journalism.
The authors have proposed, recommendations on the state management apparatus
is inadequate, unreasonable, not commensurate with the development of electronic
journalism; The author has suggested how to manage the state in some developed
countries, consider building internet laws associated with state management of
electronic journalism in our country today.

1.2. Comment on the dissertation research situation
1.2.1. Research issues have reached a consensus
1.2.1.1. Theoretical consensus has been reached
In the above studies, the authors are aware that state management
activities in the field of electronic journalism according to the views of the
Communist Party of Vietnam on the journalism in general and the electronic
journalism in particular an organic component in the working apparatus of our

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party. It is an element of the activity on the ideological and cultural front, and a
shocking weapon on the ideological and theoretical front.
The above studies also agreed that the role of the law on state
management in the field of electronic journalism is not close enough, not
commensurate with the development of electronic journalism, and has no separate
legal documents for electronic journalism, therefore, the quality of content of the
electronic journalism is not high, not adhering to the principles and purposes.
1.2.1.2. In practice, general consensus has been reached
All studies believe that online and electronic newspapers develop in both
quantity and quality; diversified forms of transmission, richer content vividly; the
number of publishing scope increased, the team of reporters was overwhelming.
Therefore, the state management in the field of electronic journalism in the past
time still faces many difficulties and inadequacies in state management.
Regarding the state management in the field of electronic journalism, the
studies have mentioned a number of results achieved in recent years, such as:
Amending, supplementing and issuing new legal documents; providing
information and direct the press in the direction of major programs and objectives
of the Government in order to create consensus in the society etc.
1.2.1.3. Regarding proposals, recommendations and solutions, the

authors have reached a common consensus
In the above-mentioned studies, the authors agree that overall, there have
been a number of recommendations, suggestions and solutions to enhance the
state management of journalism in general and the electronic journalism in
particular. The views and solutions given are not deep and comprehensive; those
solutions will be inherited by PhD students and continue to research and interpret
in a deeper, comprehensive and thorough manner in the dissertation topic.
Because a number of studies have been carried out for a long time, the
authors agree that the above assessments may no longer be topical and do not
meet the practical requirements of the new situation.
1.2.2. The research issues still have many different opinions and
arguments related to the thesis topic
1.2.2.1. Theoretically, there are many different opinions and arguments
The research works related to theory are still debated, there are many
different opinions, not yet agreed on the names, concepts, characteristics of
electronic journalism, namely: Some studies using names (electronic newspapers,
internet newspapers, electronic journalism etc.) on the implications of the concept
of state management and electronic journalism also face the different views of
authors and have many issues of debate about the characteristics of electronic
journalism.
The research works related to the dissertation topic identify the methods
and factors that influence different influences (different in history, political,
economic, cultural, social institutions ...) , the mode of state management in some

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countries manageing the journalism through associations, unions, mass
organizations ... not through the political system.
1.2.2.2. In practice, there are many different opinions and arguments

The Press Law 2016 still has many controversial issues, which are not
specific to the electronic press, the state management apparatus for the electronic
press is still overlapping and inadequate in practical operations at all levels of
state management, the ten contents of state management of journalism in general
are outdated, still controversial, and inconsistent, mainly applied to printed
newspapers.
Although there are many different perspectives, perceptions and
approaches, the above works are a valuable source of material for inheriting
research and promoting research into the dissertations for a more comprehensive
and in-depth study.
1.2.2.3. The proposals, recommendations and solutions are still different
and controversial
Through an overview of research works on state management of journalism
and electronic journalism, the authors put forward a number of recommendations,
proposals, and solutions to enhance the state management of journalism and
electronic journalism, and there are many different issues on the viewpoint and the
awareness of electronic journalism, the negative side and the impact of the
electronic press, social networks on the public; prevention and handling also have
other opinions. The authors debate whether social media is electronic journalism,
social networks have developed strongly in Vietnam over the past time. Therefore,
the state management and how to use social networks in accordance with
regulations, principles and purposes.
1.2.3. These issues have not been researched
1.2.3.1. On theoretical basis
There has not been any research project that clarifies the characteristics,
characteristics, role and value of electronic journalism, the works mainly focus on
research on newspapers, electronic newspapers and online newspapers. The
research works have not yet analyzed and interpreted in a profound and thorough
way the content and factors affecting the state management of electronic
journalism in the current situation and the coming time.

1.2.3.2. On a practical basis
The research just stopped at reflecting, stating the situation in the state
management activities for the press, electronic newspapers but not researching to
the electronic journalism to synthesize and explain deeply and comprehensively
about the causes of the limitations in state management of electronic journalism
etc.
1.2.3.3. On orientation and solution
The orientations and solutions to enhance and improve the effectiveness
and efficiency of state management over the press and electronic newspapers of

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the above authors are not close and specific to the reality of development of
electronic journalism, the solutions are still very formal, the thinking is still old
and outdated.
Up to this time, through surveys and research of scientific works at home
and abroad, no thesis has the same title of the dissertation title of the PhD
students. In the country, there are only a few articles, a number of master's theses
on state management of newspapers, electronic newspapers, the results of the
above studies should be inherited and developed within the scope of a doctoral
dissertation.
1.3. The issues that need to be researched on the dissertation topic.
Research questions and research hypotheses.
1.3.1. The issues that need to be researched on the dissertation topic
1.3.1. 1. Continue to research, interpret, systematize basic theory on state
management of electronic journalism; On the basis of promoting the value, the
role of the overview of the research situation related to the dissertation topic.
1.3.1.2. Analyzing and clarifying deeply, comprehensively, more
specifically the theoretical issues of state management over electronic journalism,

namely: concepts, features, characteristics of electronic journalism; concepts,
characteristics, subjects, principles, content and factors affecting the state
management of electronic journalism in our country.
1.3.1.3. Continue to research, analyze and assess the state of state
management of electronic journalism in our country in the past time: the
organization and operation of electronic journalism, from that draw on the results,
shortcomings and causes of the shortcomings in assessing the policy on state
management of electronic journalism.
1.3.1.4. Proposing, suggesting and giving solutions to enhance the state
management of electronic journalism, contributing to improving the state
management capacity of electronic journalism.
1.3.2. Research questions and research hypotheses
1.3.2.1. Research questions
(1). How are the theoretical issues about State management of Electronic
journalism understood? What are the characteristics of state management and
electronic journalism? (2) What is the content of management and the factors
affecting the state management of electronic journalism? (3) Has the state
management status of electronic press activities met the requirements? What is the
limit of remained issues? What are the causes of these shortcomings and
limitations? (4) What are the solutions to enhance state management for the
operation of electronic journalism? Have those solutions met the requirements of
building and completing documents system to manage legislation yet?
1.3.2.2. Research hypotheses
(1) The theoretical issues about State Management of Electronic
journalism are awareness, concept, characteristic, role, content and factors

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affecting to State management of electronic journalism which are researched and

initial summarizes have been codified in the specialized research such as: major in
law of legal sciences, administrative management, journalism, mass media, etc.
(2) The content of State Management of Electronic journalism is a big
issues of the thesis topic according to the author, so it should be focused on
analyzing in depth the following 4 basic contents: formulating and promulgating
legal policies of State Management of Electronic journalism; organizing the
enforcement of the State Management of Electronic journalism; examining,
inspecting and settling complaints and denunciations about Electronic journalism;
administrative punishment in the field related to Electronic journalism
(3) In fact, the status of State Management of Electronic journalism in our
country is to meet the formality, while the objectives and requirements of State
Management of Electronic journalism still have remained issues, according to the
author, there is a main issue such as: the quality of Electronic journalism is not
high, it is still sensational for customers, the trend of commercialization and
competition in the number of products.
(4) Need radical, breakthrough, specific, suitable solutions.
CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 1
State Management of Electronic journalism in Vietnam is based on the
overall viewpoints of direction, orientation, of the Party and the management of
the State on the basis of the provisions of law. However, the Electronic journalism
has its own characteristics so State Management of Electronic journalism needs to
have a suitable and effective management method, expressing the strictness and
superiority of law with this type of journalism in the present period and the future
in our country. In Vietnam, Electronic journalism appeared later than in other
countries in the world but the speed of development and followed by number
relatively high user.
This is also the task and target research that the author set out in the
author's thesis topic. With the requirements and content that the author has
presented in the overview of the research situation related to the thesis topic which
will create an important contribution in the structure of a doctoral dissertation, this

research thesis will is the premise, basis, for the theoretical issues of the thesis
topic and the following sections.
Chapter 2
THEORETICAL ISSUES ON STATE MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONIC
JOURNALISM
2.1. The concept, characteristics, roles and values of electronic journalism
2.1.1 The concept of Electronic journalism
In the recent years, Electronic journalism has developed rapidly in both
quantity and quality, creating a vivid competition for the Vietnam Electronic

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journalism, such as Vietnam Quick News newspaper (Vnexpress.net),
VietnamNet and VnMedia. This type of newspaper is called with many different
names such as: online newspaper (Internet newspaper), etc.
At Directive No. 30-CT / TW, dated 25/12/2013 of the Ministry of
Politics stipulating the development and strengthening of state management of
electronic journalism, according to social networks and other forms of
communication on the Internet, this type of journalism is Electronic journalism
[133]. Circular No. 33/2011 / TT-BTTTT, dated November 1, 2011 of the
Minister of Information and Communications, detailing the issuance of licenses
for electronic press activities, licenses for specialized websites, in Clause 1,
Article 3, called Electronic journalism [134].
It can be affirmed that although electronic press still has many different
ways of calling, but in essence, Electronic journalism (including online
newspaper, online network newspaper, online newspaper, network newspaper) is a
type of journalism that use text, images, sounds, built in the form of a Web site,
released on the basis of Internet. Therefore, in this thesis, the research object is the
state management of all the above-mentioned newspapers, so we choose to

collectively call the "Electronic journalism ".
There are many different views on the content and concept of Electronic
journalism, in this summary, the author chooses two views of Assoc. Dr. Nguyen
Thi Truong Giang, Head of Radio and Television Department, Academy of
Journalism and Communication, the concept of Electronic journalism: “Electronic
journalism is a type of journalism which built in the form of a website, released on
the Internet, could transmit information quickly, instantly, through highly
interactive technical means”.
Thus, through analyzing and interpreting in a relatively profound and
comprehensive manner all issues of electronic journalism, the author introduces
the concept of Electronic journalism as follows: “Electronic journalism is a
newspapers are published on the Internet and use the world network technology
(world wide web/ www) to transmit, receive, exchange information and serve
readers quickly using the Internet fast and conveniently”.
.1.2 Characteristics of electronic journalism and the differences from traditional
journalism
2.1.2.1. The characteristics and superiority of the electronic journalism
(1) The electronic journalism has the characteristics of immediate and
non-periodic: Journalists can write articles and send articles to the newsroom
quickly, at the same time with the event of continuous updates.
(2) The characteristics of electronic journalism is opened and unlimited
space and time: electronic journalism also has advantages over other traditional
press types, that the information content is not limited by the framework of the
newspaper page.

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(3) Electronic journalism have high interaction, interface: thanks to the
support of communication technology and Internet, Electronic journalism can

interact with readers continuously daily, hourly.
(4) Electronic journalism is multimedia, integrated to many types of
newspapers on the Internet such as text, still image and graphie, audio, video and
animation and interactive program.
(4) Electronic journalism have large and extensive links: from an article,
readers can easily search for more relevant information on issues of interest.
(5) Electronic journalism has the ability to store and easily to search
information related to social life, economy, politic in the country and abroad.
2.1.2.4. Basic difference
Traditional media types, due to limitations in receiving and transmitting
feedback from the public, especially in terms of framework, number of pages,
program duration, linear time.
The interaction is done on many different devices such as computers,
smartphones, tablets, etc. Interactions on electronic journalism take place
simultaneously with unlimited numbers.
The level of spread and interactive exchanges also increased at a dizzying
rate for news articles reflecting issues and events that were of particular interest to
readers, but not identified subjects.
2.1.3. The value role of Electronic journalism in social life
In our country, the newspaper is a political tool of the Party, the State,
Organizations, social organizations, a forum of the people and an essential means
of mass communication for social life. Electronic journalism is also not out of that
principle, purpose and Electronic journalism becomes an important weapon of our
people.
Electronic journalism also creates the necessary conditions for the people
to participate in the political life of the country (through an interactive forum
between readers and Electronic journalism).
2.1.3.1. As an important tool and weapon of thought and public
orientation.
2.1.3.2. Effective and timely external information channel of the Party,

State and Vietnamese people
2.1.3.3. Electronic journalism makes an important contribution to the
country's socio-economic development
2.1.3.4. Stimulating curiosity enriches the spiritual cultural life of society
2.2. The concept, characteristics and role of state management of
electronic journalism
2.2.1. Concept of state management for electronic journalism
Currently, the term "state management" has become more common in the
documents defining the functions and duties of each unit, state agency or in
scientific research works. However, in order to understand and understand

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properly and deeply about State management, as well as the conceptual views on
State management, the works and articles of the authors still have many other
views about State management.
There are many views on State management as the author has presented in
the thesis, most authors think that State management includes some of the
following elements:
State management is the purposeful impact of management subjects on
management objects.
State management appears anywhere, anytime if it is at that time and at
the time there is common activity of state agencies with social development.
State management is carried out by organization and authority to ensure
compliance and create unity in State management.
The purpose and task of the State management are to manage and control
the common activities of each individual in the organization, coordinate in the
implementation and observance of common issues within a prescribed framework
of state agencies to form a unified collective action of the set goal.

Thus, from the basic elements and issues related to State management, the
author has just generalized, analyzed and interpreted the above.
In the view of the author of the state management, "State management is
the impact of the subjects of the state power, by many measures to the
management subjects to perform internal functions." and the State's external
relations on the basis of the social development rules aimed at stabilizing and
developing the country ".
State management in the broad sense is the state management activity
conducted by agencies in the state apparatus including: legislative, executive and
judicial agencies of the political system.
In this thesis, the author accesses the content of State management of
electronic journalism in the narrow sense that is the State management activities
of law enforcement agencies in State management (Government system and
local government).
From the basic and important contents related to State management of
Electronic journalism as analyzed above, the author can give direct elements
related to conceptual content of the State management of Electronic journalism
are as follows:
State management of Electronic journalism is the operation of the state
apparatus assigned responsibilities and powers of State management about
Electronic journalism.
State management of Electronic journalism is the operation of the
executive body of institutionalization, realizing the Party's guidelines and
resolutions for Electronic journalism into laws and Government's policies.
State management of Electronic journalism is the process of influencing
the organization of State management in an organized, strategic direction to the

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activities related to Electronic journalism of State management objectives, is
Electronic journalism, agencies of Electronic journalism
The state management of Electronic journalism is to ensure that
Electronic journalism performs the information task well according to the
objectives and requirements set out by the State.
Thus, the most common concept for state management of electronic
journalism can be drawn as follows: “State management in the field of electronic
journalism as well as any other forms of social management is the form of
administrative management of the state machinery, is the work of the executive
branch. It is an organized impact and is regulated by the laws, on the basis of the
state power over social processes and electronic journalism activities conducted
by the competent authorities in the executive system from the Central to base
agencies to carry out the functions and duties of the state, develop social
relations, and satisfy the citizen's need for freedom of the press”.
The subjects of state management activities of electronic journalism are
the agencies, organizations and individuals assigned by the State to manage the
State according to the functions and tasks prescribed by the Government of the
Socialist Republic of Vietnam from the Central to the locality on managing the
field of information and communication in general and the form of electronic
journalism in particular.
The object of state management of electronic journalism is "what the
management activities aim to adjust", is the social relations and behaviors that
arise in the electronic journalism activities of organizations and individuals
relating to and affecting the safe, stable and normal operation status of agencies.
The target of state management activities on electronic journalism is all
organizations, individuals, etc. that carry out activities related to electronic
journalism nowadays.
The purpose of state management activities on electronic journalism is to
promote all resources to create a reasonable mechanism for electronic journalism
activities, ensuring the citizen's right for the freedom of press and freedom of

speech on public press.
2.2.2. Characteristics of state management of electronic journalism
State management of electronic journalism shows the unilateral
characteristic of the state power, the imperative order that force the management
objects to unconditionally comply with the provisions of the managing subject.
State management of electronic journalism is a strategic activity with a
program and specific plan set out to implement the set goals.
State management of electronic journalism is an active, creative and
flexible activity in management. It is necessary to keep up, and flexibly adjust the
human behavior in those social relations accordingly.

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State management of electronic journalism is continuous and relatively
stable, it is the bridge between the people and the state and it is the system of state
management agencies on electronic journalism from the central to local levels.
2.2.3. The role of state management of electronic journalism
State management of electronic journalism creates a favorable legal
environment to help electronic journalism operate equally, stably and develop in
line with the general trend of society in the period of international integration.
State management of electronic journalism helps improve the operational
efficiency, ensure the electronic journalism operation in the right direction,
contribute to political stability, promote socio-economic development and ensure
security and social order. ..
State management of electronic journalism aims to ensure that citizens
have the rights to perform freedom of press and freedom of speech on public press
and the right to access information with specific contents.
2.3. Subjects, targets, principles and contents of state management of
electronic journalism

2.3.1. The subjects of State management of electronic journalism
The Government is the subject of state management agency in terms of law
execution on electronic journalism, the Government unifies and arranges the state
management structure on electronic journalism at all levels in accordance with the
practical development of electronic journalism.
The Ministry of Information and Communications is an important subject in
state management of electronic journalism activities. The Ministry of Information and
Communications assists the Government in State management of electronic journalism
and the Internet.
Authority of Press under the Ministry of Information and Communications,
Provincial People's Committees as decentralized by the Government and the Ministry of
Information and Communications conduct State Management of electronic journalism
through Departments of Information and Communications and other relating units.
2.3.2. The targets of state management of electronic journalism
2.3.2.1. The target of state management is the agency managing the
electronic press
The organization that applying for the operation license of electronic
journalism in their name, establishing and directly managing the electronic
journalism, including agencies, organizations and individuals involved in and
related to the electronic journalism activities.
2.3.2.2. The target of state management is the electronic press agency
The agencies are currently performing the type of electronic press. The
electronic press agency is the mouthpiece of the Party, state agencies, sociopolitical organizations, political-professional organizations and social
organizations.
2.3.2.3. The target of state management is the related individuals

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Individuals involved in the activities of electronic journalism include many

individuals in different positions, titles, different names depending on the tasks
and assigned jobs.
2.3.3. The principles of state management of electronic journalism
2.3.3.1. General state management principles
2.3.3.2. Specific principles on state management of electronic journalism
(1). State management of electronic journalism must be under the
leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam
(2). State management of the PSC must ensure the right to freedom of
speech and press.
(3). Constantly renovating leadership thinking, directing the state
management of electronic journalism
(4). State management of electronic journalism must be consistent with the
market economy mechanism
(5). Fight against the acts of taking advantage of the freedom of the press,
the freedom of speech and unlawful acts
2.3.4. Contents of state management on electronic journalism
2.3.4.1. Formulating and promulgating a system of state management
documents on electronic journalism.
2.3.4.2. Tổ chức và thực hiện văn bản QLNN về BCĐT.
Organizing and implementing the state management documents on
electronic journalism.
2.3.4.3. Inspecting, examining and settling complaints and denunciations
about the state management of electronic journalism.
2.3.4.4. Handling violations on the field of electronic journalism
2.4. Basic factors affecting the state management of electronic
journalism nowadays
2.4.1. Political factors
2.4.2. Legal factors
2.4.3. Socioeconomic factors
2.4.4. Social and cultural factors

CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 2:
Electronic journalism was born late, but it has some outstanding features
compared to other types of journalism such as: quick, regular and continuous
information tranmission; highly interactive with multi-dimensional viewpoints;
rapid spillover effect without borders; large connecting ability and storing and
easily in finding information; be able to integrate with different types of
communication ...
The electronic press is an agency of the Party, the State, socio-politicalprofessional organizations, is a forum of the people, under the leadership of the
Party, State management of the State and operating within the framework of law.

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Báo chí điện tử có một số đặc trưng nổi trội và gắn bó chặt chẽ với mạng
Intenet và công nghệ thông tin, vì vậy ngoài các nội dung cần QLNN như các loại
hình báo chí khác, cơ quan QLNN cần quản lý cả hạ tầng và đội ngũ kỹ thuật viên
CNTT liên quan đến BCĐT. QLNN đối với BCĐT hiện nay chủ yếu là điều chỉnh
bằng pháp luật, thuyết phục, cưỡng chế và thanh tra, kiểm tra trong các hoạt động
chung của BCĐT.
The electronic press has a number of outstanding features and is closely
linked to the Internet and information technology, so in addition to the content that
needs state management like other types of journalism, the state management
agency needs to manage the infrastructure and IT technician team related to
electronic journalism. The state management of electronic journalism nowadays is
mainly governed by legislation, persuasion, enforcement and inspection in the
general operation of electronic journalism.

Chapter 3
CURRENT SITUATION OF STATE MANAGEMENT ON
ELECTRONIC JOURNALISM IN OUR COUNTRY

3.1. The situation of organizing and operating of electronic
journalism in our country
3.1.1. The situation of organizing electronic journalism
According to the website of the Ministry of Information and
Communications (source: "http // mic.gov.vn"):
As of January 2019, the country had 150 e-press agencies of which (there
are 24 independent e-press agencies, 126 press agencies that have the type of
electronic press), nearly 1,600 pages of integrated electronic information and 420
social networking sites have created a vivid picture in media activities.
Therefore, the electronic press organization in our country as prescribed
in (Chapter III, Press Organization) of the Press Law 2016 has many relevant
contents, but in the context of the author's thesis topic approach and select some
main contents suitable to electronic journalism as follows:
3.1.1.1. The legal conditions for establishing an electronic press agency
According to Article 14 of the Press Law promulgated by the Chairman of
the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on April 5, 2016,
taking effect from January 1, 2017, establishing press agencies must be based on
the following conditions: "Party agencies, state agencies, socio-political
organizations, professional organizations, religious organizations from the
provincial level and equivalent to higher, legally operating according to the
provisions of the Vietnamese law can be established a press agency ”.
3.1.1.2. Personnel organization and operation model of electronic press
agencies

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Electronic press units often have the following personnel structure:
Board of Directors
Chief Editor, General Director , Director

Deputy Editors-in-Chief, Deputy-General Directors, Deputy-Directors
Specialized departments (divisions)
Heads and deputy heads of specialized departments (divisions)
Staffs under specialized departments (divisions)
3.1.2. The situation of electronic press activities
3.1.2.1. Achievements of electronic journalism
3.1.2.2. Shortcomings and limitations in the operation of electronic
journalism
3.1.2.3. The causes of these shortcomings and limitations in the operation
of electronic journalism
(1). Objective reasons: In this aspect, the author believes that the practical
development of electronic journalism as mentioned above is firstly influenced by
the development situation of the world press.
(2). Subjective reasons: The system of legal documents on e-newspaper is
lacking, failing to keep up and covering new issues arising in the operation of the
current form of electronic journalism.
3.2. State management practices for electronic journalism in our country
The rapid growth of electronic journalism under the current legal system
as well as the current technical infrastructure conditions also cause significant
difficulties for state management activities.
3.2.1. Practice of organizing state management agencies for electronic
journalism
3.2.1.1. The entitíe of state management of electronic journalism at the
central level
3.2.1.2. The entities of State management of electronic journalism at the
ministries and ministerial agencies in the current situation
3.2.1.3. The tntities of state management of electronic journalism in the
locality
3.2.2. Practice of the implementation of state management on electronic

journalism
3.2.2.1. Practice of issuing legislative documents
During the past time, the Party and the State have had many legal
documents issued; including a number of documents of the Decree No.
159/2013/ND-CP dated November 12, 2013 of the Prime Minister regulating on
sanctioning administrative violations in press and publishing activities, Decree
No. 72/2013/ ND dated July 15, 2013 of the Government regulating the

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management, provision and use of Internet services and online information ...
Most recently, the Law on Journalism 2016, Law on Cyber Security 2018.
3.2.2.2. Practical implementation of law provisions
Through practical work, there are a number of press agencies that do not
operate according to the right principle and purpose, such as Viettimes, Tam Nhin
Magazine, Mot the gioi, giaoduc.vn ...
3.2.2.3. Practical examination, inspection and settlement of complaints
and denunciations about the organization and operation of electronic press
From 2010 to 2015, Inspectors of the Ministry organized 9 periodic,
irregular inspection and examination, detected 83 violations, warned 12 cases and
proposed administrative handling of 71 cases. Settlement of complaints and
denunciations of 13 cases related to electronic journalism, including 1 case
transferred to the investigation agency of the Ministry of Public Security….
3.2.2.4. Sanctioning administrative violations in the field of electronic
journalism
From 2010 to 2019, Inspectors of the Ministry organized, inspected,
periodically, irregularly and regularly 133 proposals for administrative handling of
VND 3,578,000,000 (Three billion five hundred and seventy eight million).
Settlement of 13 letters of complaint and denunciations related to electronic

journalism, including 4 cases transferred to the investigation agency of the
Ministry of Public Security.
3.3. General evaluation on the state management of electronic
journalism
3.3.1. Results of the state management of electronic journalism
nowadays
3.3.1.1. Electronialism is a new type of press, with many unique traits that
are different from traditional press
3.3.1.2. Central and local state management agency strictly co-operate
with lead agencies, ministries, departments and localities
3.3.1.3. Organize related activities of state management agencies for
electronic press
3.3.1.4. Training, cooperation, and commendation work
3.3.2. Inadequacies of state management for electronic journalism today
in our country
3.3.2.1. Information, propagation and dissemination of the Party's views
and policies, the State's policies and laws.
3.3.2.2. The contingent of governmental officials and managers on
electronic journalism from the central to local areas is still inadequate, failing to
keep up with the development of current electronic journalism.
3.3.2.3. Developing and supplementing documents on state management
of electronic journalism is still slow, not suitable with the actual development of
electronic journalism.

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3.3.2. 4. Inspection and examination activities are not regular, frequent
and adequate.
3.3.3. The cause of state management inadequacies in the electronic

press today in our country
3.3.3.1. Objective reasons
The process of rapid and extensive integration directly into the socioeconomic life with the explosion of information technology, especially new types
of media on the Internet.
3.3.3.2. Subjective reasons
Thinking about leadership and direction of the Party and State on state
management, building policies for electronic journalism is still slow to innovate, not
keeping up with the development of practical application.
CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 3:
The state management of electronic journalism in recent years has
achieved important results such as: drafting, amending, supplementing and
promulgating a number of legal documents related to state management of
electronic journalism, initially meeting the new needs arising in the operation of
electronic journalism and state management, contributing to promoting the
development of electronic journalism and state management activities; central and
local state management agencies have co-operated with lead agencies, ministries,
departments and localities, etc.
The limitations in state management of electronic journalism mentioned
above are one of the important causes leading to several shortcomings and
weaknesses of the electronic journalism agencies such as: working and operating
without principles, purposes and objects to surve; lack of political acumen,
inadequate information, inaccurate.
Chapter 4
DIRECTIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE CAPABILITY OF
STATE MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONIC JOURNALISM IN VIETNAM
4.1. Directions of state management of electronic journalism in our
country nowadays
4.1.1. Directions to improve capability of state management of electronic
journalism in our country nowadays
4.1.1.1. Based on the circulars and documents of our Party, we can see

that the following views and orientations need to be realized, thoroughly
understood and implemented in the course of electronic press activities.
4.1.1.2. Directions to improve state capability of management of
electronic journalism while still ensuring the principles of respecting the rights of
freedom of speech, press and access to information.
4.1.1.3. Tools of state management of electronic journalism and new
challenges posed in state management work of electronic journalism

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4.2. Solutions to improve capability of state management of electronic
journalism in our country nowadays
4.2.1. Category of solutions on completing policies of the law on
electronic journalism
4.2.2.1. Solution of completing the policies of the law
It is necessary to have the right policies, viewpoints and directions with
the political system, the ruling Party, and the State power agencies.
In the practice of law-making as well as the drafting of laws in general
and for laws and documents related to electronic journalism, the stage of policy
formulation is almost neglected.
(1) It is a must to carefully study and evaluate the electronic press,
evaluate the practice of law enforcement in the field of electronic journalism (2) It
is essential to prove the necessity to build anew or amend, supplement a law or
documents directly related to the electronic press (3) Need to present the proposed
adjustment of state management of electronic journalism, contents, policies for
state management of electronic journalism that need to be revised, not suitable
with the characteristics of electronic journalism or without any specific legal
documents for electronic journalism, adjust and supplement about private state
management agencies with electronic journalism (4) The effects and impacts of

the old state management work on electronic journalism and influence to the
development of politics, economy, society, etc.
4.2.2.2. Solutions of completing the system of legal documents
First is, strengthening the review, amending, supplementing and
completing of the system of legal documents directly related to electronic
journalism is a matter that needs to be taken into consideration, amended,
completed.
Second is, the system of legal documents in state management of
electronic journalism must synchronize with each other and be consistent with
other relevant laws.
Third is, review, amend and supplement the provisions of law on
sanctioning of administrative violations regarding electronic journalism.
Fourth is, there are in fact no legal documents specifically for the type of
electronic journalism, íntead all regulations on electronic journalism are still in
line with the regulations on the press or the Internet. The development of law on
agencies in charge of electronic journalism is not focused on and lack of
practicality.
Fifth is, the law on journalism 2016 was effective from 1/1/2017 but in
actuality there is still no guiding legal document under Law that concretizes all
activities of journalism.
Sixth is, increase the dissemination and thorough understanding of the
Party and State's regulations related to the field of electronic journalism such as:

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The 2013 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; The Law on Cyber
Security 2018 becoming effect from 1/1/2019.
4.2.2. Category of solutions on improving capability of state
management agencies of electronic journalism nowadays

4.2.2.1. Solution with state management agencies towards electronic
journalism in centres (departments and agencies of the same rank)
First is, the current model of the state management apparatus for
electronic journalism at the Ministry of Information and Communications is still
inappropriate, causing difficulties in the state management of electronic
journalism as mentioned above.
Second is, the inspection and penalization against violations in journalism
activities shall be handled by the Legal Office of the Press Department in
coordination with the Inspectorate of the Ministry of Information and
Communications.
Third is, regarding criteria for recruiting officials to perform the state
management of electronic journalism at the Ministry of Information and
Communications, they must have good journalism skills, information technology
knowledge and foreign language skills.
Fourth is, State management agencies for electronic journalism at
ministerial level should be close to actuality, and perform well the theoretical
research, practical review.
Fifth is, Ministry of Information and Communications must have close
coordination in leading, directing, organizing seriously, with quality regular and
irregular briefings.
4.2.2.2. Solution with state management agencies towards electronic
journalism in local areas (provinces, cities) and press agency.
4.2.3. Category of solutions on improving effectiveness and efficiency of
state management towards electronic journalism
4.2.3.1. Solutions on improving understanding and innovating thinking of
statemanagement towards electronic journalism
(1). Innovating thinking and awareness comprehensively in the
leadership, directing state management of electronic journalism.
(2). Innovating thinking and awareness in the direction of operational
thought of electronic journalism

4.2.3.2. Solutions to improve the capacity of human resources in state
management of electronic journalism
4.2.3.4. Solutions to enhance international cooperation and application of
science and technology in state management of electronic journalism
(1). The promotion of international cooperation and exchange is an
indispensable issue of the Vietnamese press, especially the electronic journalism.
Therefore, the solution to enhance international cooperation in state management
of electronic journalism is a strategic solution.

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(2). Support the application of technology and science to the state
management of electronic journalism
GENERAL CONCLUSION
Over the past years, our Party and State have paid much attention to the
establishment and development of electronic journalism and the state management
of electronic journalism; issued many important documents to improve the state
management of electronic journalism. As a result, our country's electronic
journalism has developed quickly and strongly in many aspects, contribute to
improve the capacity and effectiveness of information work, propagate and raise
the people's intellectual level, meet the increasing information and cultural
enjoyment needs of readers and the masses, effectively serve the cause of
industrialization, modernization and international integration, national
construction and defense. In addition, the state management of electronic
journalism in our country still faces challenges in the quality of electronic
journalism, the contingent of state management officials and management of
electronic press agencies is limited, inadequate, institutional and legal corridor on
electronic journalism is still inappropriate.
One of the basic reasons for limiting the above challenges is that the state

management of electronic journalism in the past has not had synchronous,
comprehensive, appropriate, profound and unified solutions, etc., has not regularly
disseminated information and disseminated about the Party's views and policies,
the State's policies and laws on state management of electronic journalism, not
paying adequate attention, the implementation is not deep, wide and not strictly
implemented, directing important, complex and sensitive information orientations
and lacking a coordination mechanism to supply information among ministries,
branches and localities for electronic journalism.
The work of planning, management and development of journalism is still
late; creating and supplementing documents on State Management of Electronic
Journalism that is not yet suitable for Electronic Journalism, actual development
of Electronic Journalism; the inspection and supervision work has not been carried
out regularly, periodically and extraordinarily. Some Electronic Journalism
agencies have committed violations to last long and have not been strictly
handled; the management staff of State Management for Electronic Journalism
from the central to local levels is still limited in capacity, mô hình The
organization still has some shortcomings and has not kept up with the practical
development. Political prowess, competence, experience in direction and
management of the governing body and leaders of a number of Electronic
Journalism agencies are limited and unstable in the face of changes in the market
economy. Equipment and facilities serving the State Management of Electronic
Journalism are still inadequate and outdated, failing to meet political requirements
and tasks in a number of times.

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