Dissertation summary: Strengthening the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos today pursuant to Ho Chi Minh’s ideology on international solidarity

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INTRODUCTION
 1. Overview of the research 
Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on   international   solidarity   is   an 
important content of his thoughts about Vietnamese revolutionary path. 
During the struggle for national liberation and national construction, 
Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos   have   applied   innovatively   Ho   Chi 
Minh’s   thought   on   international   solidarity   in   order   to   build   the 
friendship,  solidarity between  the three countries.  In  the  context  of 
globalization   and   international   integration   today,   strengthening   the 
solidarity   between   the   three   nations   in   a   spirit   of   friendship   and 
cooperation   pursuant   to   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on   international 
solidarity has increasingly important significance. Therefore, the study 
and application of Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity in 
order to strengthen the solidarity of Cambodia with Vietnam and Laos 
are urgently significant issues in both practice and theory.
To   contribute   to   the   strengthening   of   solidarity   between 
Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos   under   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   ideology   on 
international solidarity in the current situation, the fellow chooses the 
issue: "Strengthening the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and 
Laos   today   pursuant   to   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   ideology   on   international 
solidarity" as a doctoral thesis topic. This is an issue which the author 
has   long   cherished   during   the   task   performance,   especially   when 
working in Vietnam. The structure of the topic includes: Introduction, 
an overview of the research issue, 3 chapters (6 periods), conclusion, a 
list   of   the   author’s   published   works   related   to   the   thesis,   a   list   of 
references and appendices.
The   content   throughout   the   thesis   topic   is   to   study   the   issue   of 
strengthening the solidarity between Cambodia with Vietnam and Laos today 
under   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on   international   solidarity.   In   particular, 
Chapter   1   of   the   topic  interprets   the  nature  and   issues   of   regularity  in 

strengthening the solidarity between Cambodia with Vietnam and Laos under 
Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity. Chapter 2, assess the actual 
situation and draw the lessons learned in strengthening the solidarity between 
Cambodia with Vietnam and Laos today under Ho Chi Minh’s thought on 
international solidarity. Chapter 3, the topic generalizes requirements in the 
new situation and proposes a number of measures to strengthen the solidarity 
between Cambodia with Vietnam and Laos today under Ho Chi Minh’s 
thought on international solidarity.


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2. Reasons for choosing the thesis topic
Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on   international   solidarity   is   an 
important content of his ideological system, has great significance for 
the revolution in Vietnam in general and strengthening the solidarity 
of   Cambodia   with   Vietnam   and   Laos   in   particular.   History   has 
demonstrated that solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos is 
an important issue, which is vital for the survival, development and 
prosperity   of   all   the   three   ethnic   groups.   That   solidarity   and 
friendship   have   been   strengthened,   developed   through   the   foreign 
aggression   to   win   and   protect   the   independence   and   national 
sovereignty; simultaneously it becomes a precious tradition that all 
the three peoples cherish, nurture unceasingly. Today, strengthening 
the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos under Ho Chi 
Minh’s   thought   on  international   solidarity  remains   an  issue   which 
should be further promoted and elevated to new heights.
Last time, the peoples of Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos regularly 
reinforce, strengthen the solidarity pursuant to Ho Chi Minh’s ideology 
on international solidarity, creating the synergy to bring all three nations 
to   move   along   the   the   road   of   independence,   development   and 

prosperity.   The   achievements   in   recent   years   have   reinforced   the 
solidarity in terms of depth, scope and higher level. However, facing the 
new requirements, the solidarity between the three nations has yet to par 
duties   in   some   specific   areas.   That   situation   is   resulted   from   many 
various subjective and objective causes, which emerged an issue that 
strengthening   the   solidarity   between   Cambodia   ,Vietnam   and   Laos 
under Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity has not yet been 
studied in theory and implemented in practice commensurate with its 
position,   role   and   inherent   potential   in   new   conditions   and 
circumstances. Especially, in the present context, the hostile forces seek 
different ways to distort, deny the value of Ho Chi Minh’s thought, 
seperate the strategic relationship between the three nations, undermine 
the   development   of   Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos.   Moreover,   the 
awareness of some of the masses on the enemy’s plot is still incomplete, 
not right, not aware of the content and value of Ho Chi Minh’s thought 
on   international   solidarity,   strategic   unity   between   the   three   races. 
Therefore there are still attitudes and behaviors contrary to the interests 
of the three nations. There's even abet acts for reactionary organizations 
to divide the solidarity with a long tradition, doing harm to the cause of 
national   construction   towards   progress,   revolution,   prosperous   and 
flourishing   prosperity.   It   even   poses   an   imperative   for   research   to 


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strengthen the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos today 
under Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity.
Moreover, through the practical operation in the last many years, 
the   author   has   many   documents   and   some   quite   comprehensive   and 
insightful understanding of this field. In his position, the author repeatedly 
resolves   diplomatic   issues   between   the   three   peoples   of   Indochina 

Peninsula, especially between Cambodia and Vietnam, so the author also 
has profound experience and lessons from practice. With the bases and 
abilities, the author selects the topic "Strengthening the solidarity between 
Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos today pursuant to Ho Chi Minh’s ideology 
on international solidarity" as the doctoral thesis topic.
3. Research purpose and task
* Research purpose:
Contribute   to   the   development   of   theory   and   practice   in 
strengthening the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos 
today pursuant to Ho Chi Minh’s ideology on international solidarity.
* Research task:
­   Overview   of   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on   international 
solidarity. On that basis, clarify the concept on the tool of the topic, 
focus on analysing and interpreting the central category of the topic: 
Strengthening the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos 
pursuant to Ho Chi Minh’s ideology on international solidarity. Point 
out the issues of regularity in strengthening the solidarity between 
Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos pursuant to Ho Chi Minh’s ideology 
on international solidarity.
­   Look   at   the   actual   situation   and   draw   the   lessons   in 
strengthening the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos 
today pursuant to Ho Chi Minh’s ideology on international solidarity.
­ Propose some measures to strengthen the solidarity between 
Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos   today   pursuant   to   Ho   Chi   Minh’s 
ideology on international solidarity.
4. Research objects and scope of the thesis topic
* Research objects:
Research the substantive issues of regularity in strengthening 
the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos today pursuant 
to Ho Chi Minh’s ideology on international solidarity.

* Research scope:


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The   thesis   studies   the   issues   related   to   strengthening   the 
solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos today pursuant to 
Ho   Chi   Minh’s   ideology   on   international   solidarity   since   1979 
(mainly focusing on Cambodia and Vietnam).
5. Theoretical, practical basis and research method
* Theoretical basis:
The   thesis   is   based   on   the   theoretical   basis   of   Marxism   – 
Leninism, Ho Chi Minh’s ideology, the viewpoints of the Communist 
Party of Vietnam, the Cambodian People's Party’s viewpoint on the 
matter of solidarity and international solidarity.
* Practical basis:
The thesis is based on the actual situation of strengthening the 
solidarity of Cambodia with Vietnam and Laos from 1979 to present 
through   resolutions,   documents,   agreements,   ...   and   the   actual 
progress on the ground.
* Research methods:
The thesis applies the methodology of dialectical materialism 
and historical materialism. At the same time, use specific methods 
such   as   analysis   and   synthesis;   logic   and   history;   compare   and 
evaluate;   sociological   surveys;   document   analysis;   reviewing   the 
practice; expert’s opinions; generalizations and abstractions, etc ..
6. New scientific contributions of the thesis
­   Content   on   the   nature   and   regularity   of   strengthening   the 
solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos pursuant to Ho Chi 
Minh’s ideology on international solidarity.
­   Results   of   assessing   the   actual   situation,   draw   lessons   to 

strengthen   the   solidarity  between   Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos 
pursuant to Ho Chi Minh’s ideology on international solidarity.
­ Contents of solutions are proposed to strengthen the solidarity 
between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos pursuant to Ho Chi Minh’s 
ideology on international solidarity today.
7. Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis
* Theoretical meaning of the thesis:
Findings   of   the   topic   contribute   an   important   part   in 
developing, perfecting scientific rationale for Cambodia subjects in 
implementing the unity of Cambodia with Vietnam and Laos under 
Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity.
* Practical meaning of the thesis:


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The research results of the thesis can be used as materials in 
the finishing of perspectives, diplomatic policy of the Cambodia in 
the current situation. At the same time, the topic is also an important 
basis for orienting the implementation of strengthening the solidarity 
between Cambodia with Vietnam and Laos to have quality and be 
efficient in the practices of national construction in the new situation.
8. Structure of the thesis
Structure of the thesis includes: Introduction, overview of the 
research   situation   related   to   the   topic,   three   chapters   (7   periods), 
conclusion, list of scientific works published by the author, and list of 
references.


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OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH ISSUE

1.   The   typical   scientific   researches   on   strengthening   the 
solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos
The book "The external relations of the ASEAN countries" by 
Nguyen Xuan Son and Thai Van Long [105] interprets the solidarity 
of   Cambodia   with   Vietnam   and   Laos   in   the   context   of   solidarity 
among ASEAN countries in the trend of new development. Although 
the   approach   work   has   specialized   nature   in   terms   of   dipomatic 
policy, it also expresses the solidarity of the three nations in relation 
to the countries in ASEAN community today.
Author  Dang Quoc Tuan with the works: "Cooperation between 
Vietnam and Cambodia on border and territory" [118]. In this work, the 
author   has   studied   the   peculiarities   of   cooperative   relations   between 
Vietnam and Cambodia on border and territory. Along with it, there are 
evaluation   and   summarization   of   the   initial   process   of   development 
prospects   in   resolving   urgent   issues   of   land   border   demarcation. 
Although this work only discusses about the relations, cooperation on 
border   and   territory,   it   also   can   exploit   the   contents   and   value   of 
strengthening the solidarity between Cambodia with Vietnam and Laos.
Author Pham Thi Hong Xuan with the works: "Some thoughts 
about the Vietnam ­  Cambodia relationship and issues  of  regional 
security   by   2020"   [129].   In   this   study,   the   author   studied   the 
enormous   potential   of   the   Vietnam   ­   Cambodia   relationship   in 
maintaining security in the region with a vision to 2020. The author 
has focused on the potential in both the traditional solidarity and the 
economic,   social   and   political   potential   showing   the   roles   and 
important position for maintaining the regional security.
The   research   works   in   the   country   to   strengthen   solidarity 
between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos than in Vietnam did not have 
much.   However,   in   recent   years   also   shows   an   increasing   trend. 
Ministry   of   Foreign   Affairs   and   Cooperation   of   Cambodia   works 

"Basic Information of the Kingdom of Cambodia" [10]. In this work, 
the   Ministry   of   Foreign   Affairs   and   Cooperation   outlined   basic 
information about Cambodia during the period from 2000 to 2008 
with   the   premises   and   the   achievements   and   limitations   of   each 
particular surface. Such information as a message for the countries 


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present stance of Cambodia point in foreign affairs and investment 
cooperation.   Although   the   new   content   in   the   perspective   of   the 
Ministry   of   Foreign   Affairs,   but   also   expresses   the   basic   spirit   of 
solidarity with Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.
Author   On   Phone   Monirith   with:   "Strategy   of   Cambodia   to 
engage in free trade area A SEAN (AFTA) and the implementation 
of CEPT" [99]. In his work, the author has interpreted the difficulties 
and challenges of Cambodia joining this association. In it, the author 
also sets out requirements and tasks in relation to Vietnam and Laos 
to the personality are the traditional countries  unite together for a 
long time.
Author   Kao   Kim   Hourn   with   the   works:   "Building   trust   in 
Cambodia ­ Exchanging experiences and draw lessons for the future" 
[36].   The   author   of   this   work   has   generalized   contents   from   the 
practice of summary nature and draw valuable lessons to help readers 
understand   the   potential   as   well   as   consolidate   for   the   future   of 
developing   the   solidarity   with   other   international   and   regional 
countries.   The   author   has   spent   a   significant   part,   reviews, 
summarizes, and generalizes the lessons to strengthen the solidarity 
between Cambodia with two countries in the Indochina peninsula.
Author   Chheav   Vanneth   with   the   works:   "The   Role   of 
Cambodia   in   the   international   community"   [119].   This   work   has 

defined   the   position   and   role   of   Cambodia   in   the   international 
community   with   the   potential,   and   practical   development.   In   the 
commentary   process,   the   author   of   the   works   also   determines   the 
responsibility and the importance of Cambodia in strengthening the 
solidarity   between   Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos   on   the   path   of 
mutual development.
Author Soc Plan with the works: "Economic development and 
the policy on reform in Cambodia ­ challenges and prospects in the 
process  of  international  economic  integration"  [31]  has  interpreted 
the   potential   on   human   resources   in   economic   development   and 
reform   in   Cambodia   today.   Accordingly,   the   author   also   raises   a 
question to the countries, including Vietnam to help Cambodia on 
education and training in international cooperation.
Author Kao Kim Hourn and  Sẩmng  Komsan with the works: 
"Cambodia in the new millennium, learn from the past experiences and 
build the future" [38]. The content of this work shows the research at a 


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higher overview level and also poses the specific issues and measures 
for cooperation and solidarity with countries for a long­term strategy. 
In the process of interpretation, the author also refers to the evaluation, 
the results of learning from other countries, especially from Vietnam in 
international cooperation.
Scientific works of author Kong Sokea: "The foreign policy of 
Cambodia   with   ASEAN   from   1967   to   now"   have   much   effort   in 
systematizing   the   foreign   policy   of   Cambodia   with   the   ASEAN 
countries   from   1967   to   2005.   The   author   also   refers   to   the 
relationship between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos in a satisfactory 
manner. A special feature is, the author has made statements about 

the ups and downs of history and pointed out the specific objective 
and  subjective  reasons.   In  his   work,   the  author   also  identifies   the 
problems   posed   for   the   future   of   developing   relations   between 
Cambodia and other countries in the ASEAN community and with 
Vietnam and Laos.
Author  Hun Sen with the book: "The  strategy of  Cambodia 
government in the new millennium" [34]. Prime Minister Hun Sen 
has confirmed the stance, the viewpoints of the State of Cambodia in 
the new millennium. The contents of this work are not only political 
ideologies and viewpoints, but also have high statutory, and as an 
important   message   to   the   countries   on   Cambodia’s   attitudes   in 
relation to the countries  in the world in general and countries the 
Indochinese peninsula in particular.
2.   The   typical   scientific   researches   on   Ho   Chi   Minh’s 
thought on international solidarity
With   a   sense,   the   enormity   of   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on 
international  solidarity,  there have been  many works,  many  topics 
and articles discussing about this issue. Within the thesis’s scope, the 
author selected some typical and directly related projects.
In the world, there are many authors studying and evaluating 
the  international   solidarity   ideology   of   Ho   Chi   Minh  such   as:   "A 
spring morning in 1924" by Gecmanetto, in "Uncle Ho ­ Memoirs" 
[ 28], "Ho, New York" by author David Hambotxtam [29], "Comrade 
Ho Chi Minh" by Epghenhi Cabelep [25]. Each works has different 
approach   and   interpretation   but   outlines   the   oustanding 
characteristics of Ho Chi Minh’s ideology on international solidarity 
rather   profoundly.   American   author   David   Hambotxtam   in   the 
article: "Ho, New York", has appreciated the research contents on 

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colonialism of Ho Chi Minh and the issues of international solidarity. 
In the book "Comrade Ho Chi Minh", Epghenhi Cabelep evaluated 
Ho   Chi   Minh’s   merits   for   developing   the   world’s   communist 
movement and expressing quite profound content about the ideology 
of international solidarity.
In Vietnam there are many works and research projects in Ho 
Chi   Minh’s   ideology   on   international   solidarity   and   exploiting   its 
value   to   realize   in   practice.   We   can   see   some   typical   works   and 
topics related to the thesis topic as follows:
The   topic:   "International   Communist   with   Vietnamese 
revolution" by Ho To Luong [54] has shown a meticulous and serious 
study about the role of the International Communist for the world 
revolution in general and Vietnamese revolution in particular. This 
work   synthesizes   the   valuable   historical   events   to   interpret   and 
evaluate   the   role   of   the   International   Communist   for   the   world 
revolution   and   the   revolution   in   Vietnam,   especially   for   the 
revolutionary activities of Nguyen Ai Quoc to present the test and 
verification of his thoughts.
The book "Thought for Foreign Affairs of Ho Chi Minh" by 
Nguyen   Duy  Nien  [93]   approaches   and  interprets   Ho   Chi   Minh’s 
ideology   in   terms   of   Foreign   Affairs   in   a   highly   systemic   way. 
Researching this works shows that diplomatic ideology of Ho Chi 
Minh expresses a high consistency between immutable principle with 
flexibility in use.
The book "The secret of success in Ho Chi Minh" by author 
Phung Huu Phu [101]. In the book, the author formed three chapters 
from   the   basic   covers:   "Revolutionary   and   scientific   thought"   to 
important content of critical nature as "working class" and to "The 
know­how   of   success".   With   this   approach   and   interpretation,   the 

author has clarified the most critical issues to ensure the victory of 
the revolution in Vietnam.
The topic: "Ho Chi Minh with international unity strategy in the 
national liberation revolution" by author Le Van Yen as editor [132]. 
The study has focused on solving four major issues: First, the authors 
summarized  systematically the  process  of  Ho  Chi  Minh’s  activities 
consistent   with   the   process   of   forming   thinking   about   international 
solidarity. Second, the authors outlined the basic viewpoints of Ho Chi 
Minh’s   thought  on  international  solidarity in the  national  liberation 
revolution, and has assessed the value of this content in history, not 


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only for Vietnam's revolution, but also for the world revolution. Third, 
the authors interpreted the people's national democratic revolution of 
Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity as a part of 
the ideology system, the guideline for all actions in practice.  Fourth, 
the authors clarified tight relationship between President Ho Chi Minh 
and the Communist Party of Vietnam, and has interpreted the enormity 
of his thinking in revolutionary ways.
International   workshop   on   President   Ho   Chi   Minh   ­   the 
national liberation hero, a great cultural man, organized in 1990 in 
Hanoi,   on   the   occasion   of   the   100th   anniversary   of   the   birth   of 
President Ho Chi Minh [115]. The articles in this conference clarify 
the great dedication of Ho Chi Minh against the national liberation 
movement, the movement for peace, social progress. Also appreciate 
the life and career of Ho Chi Minh for cultural development.
In   the   country,   notably   the   works   of   Cheap  So   Phan  on 
"Security issues in Southeast Asia" [95]. This work was studied and 
systematically generalized by the author on Ho Chi Minh’s thought 

on  international  solidarity.   Notably,  the author   outlined  the   basic 
principles   of   international   solidarity   with   Ho   Chi   Minh   nuances. 
Author Deap So Phan with the article: "Ho Chi Minh’s thought on 
international solidarity, one of the current priceless heritages" [97]. 
In   the   article,   the   author   focuses   on   deepening   the   process   of 
developing,   improving   and   more   particularly   assessing   the 
sustainable   values   of   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on   international 
solidarity.
3.   The   typical   scientific   researches   on   strengthening   the 
solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos under Ho Chi 
Minh’s thought on international solidarity
This issue also has many projects, topics and articles and even 
development   steps   in   the   breadth,   depth   and   stature.   Initially,   the 
author also reviews some typical works and very much related to the 
thesis topic.
The book "Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international cooperation 
and its application in the innovation of our country today" by Dang 
Van   Thai   [109]   approached   and   interpreted   quite   clearly   two 
different   sections.   Part   1,   deepens   the   theoretical   issues;   Part   2 
focuses on contents to apply into the new situation.


11
Author   Keo   Sam   Nas   with   the   works:   "The   climax   of   the 
leaders in the world" [89]. In this work, the author dedicates a section 
on the Ho Chi Minh with different contents, which emerged as the 
core   spirit   of   international   solidarity   in   general   and   the   solidarity 
between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos in particular. The author has 
painstakingly   summarizes   the    history   of   forming  Ho   Chi   Minh’s 
thought   on   international   solidarity   associated   with   the   process   of 

forming ideas  about  Vietnamese revolutionary path on the way to 
find a way to save country.
Scientific works: "The world of the twentieth century Asia and 
Middle East politics ­ economy ­ society and external relations" by 
Deap So Phan [96]. Content of the works discussed about the position 
of Ho Chi Minh in a series of political leaders around the world for 
the   world   situation.   The   author   has   generalized   Ho   Chi   Minh's 
dedication   to   implement   ethnic   unity   in   Vietnam's   revolutionary 
leadership.
4. An overview of the findings of the published scientific 
works and the issues that the thesis focuses on solving
4.1.   Generalize   research   results   of   the   published   scientific  
works
Through an overview of research situation of scientific projects 
related to the thesis, the author found that Ho Chi Minh’s thought on 
international solidarity in general and its application to strengthen the 
solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos is a content of great 
significance both in theory and practice.  Therefore, this  issue was 
studied by many scientists in the world under many different angles. 
However,   the   process   of   researching   and   learning   about   Ho   Chi 
Minh’s ideology in general and international solidarity in particular 
shows that his thought has many contents and values not addressed in 
depth   such   as   strengthening   the   unity   among   three   army   forces: 
Royal Cambodian Armed Forces with Vietnam and Laos under Ho 
Chi   Minh’s   thought   on   international   solidarity;   strengthen   the 
national military power of Cambodia with Vietnam and Laos today 
pursuant   to   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on   international   solidarity; 
strengthen the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos with 
other countries in the ASEAN community pursuant to Ho Chi Minh’s 
thought on international solidarity, and so on. In particular, the issue 

of solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos pursuant to Ho 


12
Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity has more and more 
contents and values need to learn and apply, but not be studied in a 
fundamental and systematic way.
4.2. Issues that the thesis focuses on solving
Firstly, the issue of accessing under philosophical perspective 
to strengthening the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos 
under Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity.
Secondly,   the   specific   and   ontological   contents   of 
strengthening the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos 
under Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity.
Thirdly, the content of epistemology and attitudes, actions of 
subjects   for   the   realization   of   reasoning   on   strengthening   the 
solidarity   between   Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos   under   Ho   Chi 
Minh’s thought on international solidarity today.


13
Chapter 1
THEORETICAL ISSUES OF STRENGTHENING THE 
SOLIDARITY BETWEEN CAMBODIA, VIETNAM AND 
LAOS PURSUANT TO HO CHI MINH’S IDEOLOGY
ON INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY
1.1. Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity and the 
nature of strengthening the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam 
and   Laos   pusuant   to   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   ideology   on   international 
solidarity

1.1.1. Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity
Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity is a product of 
combination, inheritance and development of elite progressive ideas in the 
world with the national tradition of national solidarity in the struggle to 
protect   the   Vietnamese   national   sovereignty,   the   core   is   proletariat 
solidarity and the oppressed peoples to create the synergy to implement 
the target of class liberation, national liberation, liberation of humanity 
from   oppression   and   exploitation   of   capitalism,   putting   the   nations 
towards development, prosperity, equality and progress.
1.1.2. The concept of the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam  
and Laos under Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity
The purpose of solidarity between the three ethnic groups is creating 
synergy in both position and force the purpose and common interests.
Solidarity  is   the  choice of  history,   that  the  subject  of   Cambodia, 
Vietnam and Laos with notice and actively promoting solidarity with 
positive, self­disciplined.
  Strengthening   solidarity   between   Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos  
under Ho Chi Minh’s ideology on international solidarity is the constantly  
increasing power from the potential and strengths in all aspects of the  
three ethnic groups; raising the level of solidarity against colonialism, 
imperialism, to defend the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity 
and   build   prosperous   society,   prosperous;   expand   the   scope   of  
cooperation in a number of fields to comprehensively in all fields and  
constantly fit the content, principles and values his thinking sustainably  
age level.
Strengthening solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos under 
Ho   Chi   Minh’s   ideology   on   international   solidarity   as   a   process   of 


14

dialectical   unity   between   the   cognitive   content   of   attitudes,   motives, 
volition and behavior of the subjects in the three ethnic groups in general 
and in Cambodia in particular.
As   the   process   of   transforming   the   Cambodian   actors   constantly 
content, principles and values of his thoughts  into spiritual force, the 
criteria and standards to adjust thoughts, his behavior through the stages 
and   each   specific   field.   As   the   struggle   to   overcome,   repel   negative 
impacts,   the  sabotage  of   hostile  forces,   overcoming  manifestations   of 
internal distortions.
1.2. The issues with regularity in strengthening the solidarity 
between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos under Ho Chi Minh’s thought 
on international solidarity
1.2.1. Strengthening the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam  
and   Laos   under   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   ideology   depends   on   the   struggle  
between   classes,   social   forces   in   Cambodia   to   create   the   unity   of  
knowledge,   attitude,   behavior   in   compliance   with   Ho   Chi   Minh’s  
thought on international solidarity
Strengthening solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos under 
Ho   Chi   Minh’s   ideology   on   international   solidarity   starts   from   internal 
solidarity   to   unite   Cambodia   with   Vietnam   and   Laos.   In   the   political 
pluralism,   multi­party   opposition,   the   process   of   fighting   resolve 
contradictions in creating consensus, a unified viewpoints will decide to 
strengthen solidarity with Vietnam Cambodia and Laos, according to his 
ideas.
In the struggle that the People's Party, the State of Cambodia has the 
most   crucial   role.   This   is   the   most   important   condition   for   the 
implementation of national solidarity in Cambodia.
1.2.2.  Strengthening  solidarity  between  Cambodia,   Vietnam  and  
Laos under Ho Chi Minh’s ideology on international solidarity depends  
on   the   development   of   economy,   politics,   society   and   culture   in  

Cambodia trending progress
The   material   prerequisites   for   ensuring   the   solidarity   between 
Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos   under   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on 
international solidarity in the fields of economics, politics and society. In 
this   respect   manifest   in   economic   growth   have   consistency   and 
coordination between the three countries, improving the material life, the 
prosperous and happy for the working people.


15
Economic growth under Ho Chi Minh ideology associated with the 
spirit of autonomy and self­reliance is the key.
To enhance this characteristic of the political struggle, social. From 
these premises progressive society, sustainable positive will promote the 
solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos under Ho Chi Minh’s 
thought on international solidarity.
1.2.3.   Strengthening solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and  
Laos under Ho Chi Minh’s ideology on international solidarity depends  
on the ability to master the new conflict is manifested in the process of  
globalization, regionalization
The process of strengthening dependent and characterized the process 
of solving many relationships have multifaceted, multimedia and many 
different stages, subject to many different factors that impact both inside 
and outside the country, have to race face on economic growth drastically 
between centers and between countries globally.
Strengthening solidarity with content creation and force for political 
stability in a country water; peace, political stability of all three peoples ... 
before the impact, the new change both economically and politically, the 
social world and the region.
Regularity as well as the characteristics of the solidarity between 

Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos   under   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on 
international solidarity in the field of new cultural expression in the mix of 
opportunities and challenges in the delivery save, inculturation
Conclusion of chapter 1
Strengthening solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos under 
Ho Chi Minh’s ideology on international solidarity is to create strength in 
both position and force in relation to the force, the power of the hostile 
forces   against   Cambodia   also   Vietnam   and   Laos   as   on   the   path   of 
development. This unity is always a dialectical process goes from low to 
high,   throughout   the   process   of   struggle   and   maintain   independence, 
sovereignty, and territorial integrity of each country as well as prosperity, 
common prosperity of the three countries .
This solidarity with the struggle associated resolve conflicts. Systems of this 
contradiction in a wide range, both inside the country, both in the three countries 
and expanding throughout the world, and in many different stages, in all the 
different areas. The process of actively resolving conflicts belong stakeholders 
in the three countries, but the most significant remains of Cambodia.


16
The   process   of   strengthening   the   solidarity   between   Cambodia, 
Vietnam   and   Laos   under   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on   international 
solidarity took place from low to high, from small scale to large. That 
process starts from receiving Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international 
solidarity to attitudes, motives, volition and to the behavior of each subject 
in general and most direct is the subject of Cambodia. The process of 
strengthening that took place simultaneously in all fields of economy, 
politics,   culture,   society   and   national   defense   and   security,   which   is 
comprehensive.
Chapter 2

ACTUAL SITUATION AND LESSONS LEARNED FOR 
STRENGTHENING THE SOLIDARITY BETWEEN 
CAMBODIA, VIETNAM AND LAOS TODAY PURSUANT TO 
HO CHI MINH’S IDEOLOGY ON INTERNATIONAL 
SOLIDARITY 
2.1. Actual situation of strengthening the solidarity between 
Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos   today   under   Ho   Chi   Minh’s 
thought on international solidarity
2.1.1.   Situation   of   strengthening   the   solidarity   between  
Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos today under Ho Chi Minh’s thought  
on   international   unity   of   the   subject   who   is   the   Cambodian  
People's Revolutionary Party 
The process was developed to strengthen oriented Ho Chi Minh’s 
thought   on   international   solidarity   with   the   new   developments. 
Despite   differences   in   political   views   between   the   parties   in 
Cambodia, but agreed not to accept political views, Pol Pot.
From 1979 to date, the majority of parties in multi­party system 
has  united  opinion  with  Vietnam   and Laos   are  important   decisive 
significance to the prosperity of the country.
Today, the external perspective of the Cambodian People's Party 
in power has many similarities with the ideas of Ho Chi Minh on 
international solidarity. The most prominent of which is the point of 
"good   neighborliness,   traditional   friendship,   comprehensive 
cooperation, long­term sustainability."


17
Restrictions shortcomings in this respect is that there are specific 
historical moment there are no consensus in cognitive solve some 
specific   content.   There   are   even   times   also   manifest   leaning 

sideways, oscillating, affected by the hostile forces.
2.1.2. Situation of strengthening solidarity between Cambodia,  
Vietnam   and   Laos   today   under   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on  
international unity of the subject who is the State of Cambodia
The subject at the State level there are also perceptions, attitudes, 
and   behavior   responsibility   resolve   relations   between   countries, 
peoples have made great achievements.
State of Cambodia has promoted the state unite in the spirit of Ho 
Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity. Especially from 2009 
until now has made great progress.
Difficulties in some areas long no common voice, the last few 
years there has been a consensus of opinion and practices in the spirit 
of Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity.
2.1.3.   Situation   of   strengthening   the   solidarity   between  
Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos today under Ho Chi Minh’s thought  
on international solidarity of subjects who are people of Cambodia
Today, cognitive, emotional, motor behavior of the people in each 
country   there   are   new   developments,   deep   level,   the   increasing 
significance.   Positive,   self­disciplined   in   strengthening   solidarity   and 
friendship between peoples, between people, people living in bordering 
increasingly   confident,   intertwined.   People's   provinces   and   cities   far 
from   the   border,   there   are   positive   changes   to   strengthen   solidarity 
between   the   three   nations   with   the   ideals   of   Ho   Chi   Minh   on 
international solidarity.
Policy cooperation on education and training of the country on the 
Indochina   Peninsula   has   facilitated   exchanges   for   integration   in 
education   ­   training   is   growing.   In   recent   years,   cooperation   on 
education delivery priority ­ training of human resources between the 
three countries in general and Cambodia with Vietnam in particular have 
significant progress:

The   shining   example   of   officers   and   soldiers   in   Vietnam   were 
volunteers fighting for the people of Cambodia escape Pol Pot genocide 


18
portrayed in the spiritual life of the people a deeper way. That sacrificing 
and dedication went deep into the mind, cultural and spiritual life of the 
people of Cambodia as memories, spiritual treasures and sustainable 
cultural values which are indelible.
2.1.4.   Situation   of   strengthening   the   solidarity   between  
Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos today under Ho Chi Minh’s thought  
on   international   unity   of   the   subject   is   foreign   troops   on   the  
Indochina Peninsula
Since 2009, the agreements signed between the three armies of 
the three countries on the Indochinese peninsula took place in the 
spirit of solidarity, friendship, peace, cooperation consistent with the 
Ho Chi Minh’s thought on unions international link.
The  unit   was   stationed  near   their   common   border   cooperation 
often   perform   political   duties   and   exchange   mutual   learning 
experience.
However, there are still some specific limitations:
Compared   to   the   strategic   importance   of   friendly   relations 
between   Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos,   the   economic   investment, 
infrastructure, information; cultural exchanges, public diplomacy in 
strengthening solidarity with Vietnam Cambodia  and Laos are not 
really  on  a  par.   Friendly  and  cooperative  relations   on  education  ­ 
training are not very deep.
2.2. The lessons learned and forecasts of the situation changes 
related   to   strengthening   the   solidarity   between   Cambodia, 
Vietnam   and   Laos   today   under   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on 

international solidarity
2.2.1.   The   lessons   of   Cambodia   in   the   solidarity   between  
Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos under Ho Chi Minh’s thought on  
international solidarity
Firstly,   the   lessons   about   independence   and   autonomy   in   the  
foreign   policy   views   of   Cambodia   to   strengthen   solidarity   with  
Vietnam   and   Laos,   according   to   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on  
international solidarity
Secondly, the lesson of loyalty to Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international  
solidarity in solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos


19
Thirdly,   lessons   on   bravery   steadfastness,   loyalty,   steadfast  
before   the   water   threatens   the   interests,   independence   and  
sovereignty of Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos of today
Fourthly, the lesson of the initiative exchange, peaceful dialogue,  
cooperation   with   Vietnam   and   Laos   overcome   the   disagreements  
expressed   in   each   area   according   to   Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on  
international solidarity
Fifthly, the lesson of the solidarity between the parties, the social  
forces in Cambodia.
  2.2.2.   Forecasting   the   change   of   the   situation   related   to  
strengthening   solidarity   between   Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos  
now Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity
Firstly,   forecasts   positive   changes   of   the   situation   related   to  
strengthening solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos now  
Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity.
First, the general trend of the times
The trend of multilateral cooperation in the whole world as well 

as in each region has created so interlocked interests together. This  
trend is the result of economic globalization, the achievements of the 
scientific revolution and modern technology.
Second, the trend of the region
Today in Asia, the Pacific and particularly in Southeast Asia also 
had   and   will   have   positive   developments.   The   country   has   been 
involved   in   many   associations,   societies   and   forums   in   favor   of 
peace, not military intervention, to settle all disputes by negotiation, 
etc. increasing and unified
Secondly,   predict   negative   change   of   situation   related   to  
strengthening solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos now  
Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity.
First,   predicted   the   negative   change   of   the   world   situation 
concerning solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos today 
under Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity.
Second, predict negative changes of regional situation concerning 
solidarity   between   Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos   today   with   the 
ideals of Ho Chi Minh on international solidarity.


20
Third,   forecasting   negative   changes   of   situation   involving 
Cambodia   strengthen   solidarity   between   Cambodia,   Vietnam   and 
Laos today under Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity.
Conclusion of chapter 2
Through survey research from 1979 shows that this is a process 
that   occurs   with   certain   complex   steps,   but   generally   continuous 
development,   raising   new   stature   in   scope,   scale   and   dirty.   These 
developments have been put into practical operation, the relationship 
above all different fields.

However, shortcomings remain limited. Overall, this is limited 
shortcomings   in   solidarity   between   Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos 
over yet its inherent potential. These limitations have many different 
reasons, but mainly due to the subjective dynamic of actors at all 
levels and different sectors. Among the subjective reasons which are 
emerging as subjects who untapped value of Ho Chi Minh’s thought 
on international solidarity into practical use to strengthen solidarity 
between the three countries at present.
These successes, constraints on practical basis as well as history 
can   generalize   these   valuable   lessons.   With   five   generalized   lessons 
reflected not only laws, but also from practical testing both by blood. 
Along   with   the   lessons   learned   on   the   forecasts   of   changing 
environmental conditions affect the process of strengthening solidarity 
between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos under Ho Chi Minh’s thoughts 
on current international solidarity as well as the relative hybrid.


21
Chapter 3
SOME SOLUTIONS TO STRENGTHEN THE SOLIDARITY 
BETWEEN CAMBODIA, VIETNAM AND LAOS TODAY 
PURSUANT TO HO CHI MINH’S IDEOLOGY
ON INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY
3.1.   Promote   the   active   and   initiative   nature   of   the   ruling 
party   and   the   State   of   Cambodia   in   strengthening   the   unity 
among   the   Party,   social   organizations   and   people­oriented 
ideology of Ho Chi Minh on international solidarity
3.1.1.   Promote   actively   the   ruling   party   and   the   State   of  
Cambodia   in   the   most   advanced   content   awareness,   principles,  
values strengthen solidarity with Vietnam and Laos under Ho Chi  

Minh’s thought on international solidarity
The Party and Government of Cambodia have held out a section of 
the scientific study of Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity 
as a consultant. It’s necessary to summarize the lessons learned in both 
success and even less success creating a scientific basis for applying to 
strengthen solidarity with Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.
The specific measures on not only raise the level of awareness 
for the agency of the Party organizations in the state apparatus, but 
also to build consensus among stakeholders that the current through 
promotional activities organizational communication.
3.1.2.   Promote   the   active   and   initiative   nature   of   the   ruling  
party   and   the   State   of   Cambodia   in   strengthening   attitudes,  
confidence in the content, principles, values strengthen solidarity  
with Vietnam and Laos pursuant to Ho Chi Minh’s ideology on  
international solidarity today
Improving   the   quality   of   traditional   education   is   the   most 
practical measures to improve attitudes, motives, the determination 
of   entities   of   today's   generation   to   strengthen   solidarity   between 
Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos   under   investment   Ho   Chi   Minh’s 
thought   on   international   solidarity.   In   education  must   identify   the 
location and contents of the good traditions under Ho Chi Minh’s 
thought on international solidarity.
The Party must renew opinion leaders in the field of education. 
Raising awareness for all working people can be unified with the 


22
purpose   and   content   of   education   young   people   are   learning   at 
school,   at   the   school   level   through   innovative   modes   of 
communication, media them.

Bring out the inherent potential of good impressions in mind the 
masses   of   photographs   "Uncle   Ho's   soldiers"   in   implementing 
international obligations lofty nation at Cambodia escape genocide in 
conditions present day.
3.2. Combining developing internal resources and expanding 
comprehensive   cooperation   with   Vietnam   and   Laos   developed 
infrastructure,   strengthening   the   investment   environment   to 
strengthen the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos 
under Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity
3.2.1.   Combining   developing   internal   resources   and  
expanding   cooperation   with   Vietnam   and   Laos   with   economic  
development in Cambodia along the Ho Chi Minh’s thought on  
international solidarity
Cambodia   actively   perfecting   the   mechanism   for   operations, 
economic  cooperation  with  Vietnam   and  Laos   expressed  priorities 
and preferences compared with other countries. Cambodian actors to 
actively explore the needs of government, business, investors from 
the raw materials, natural resources are the strength of Cambodia to 
conclude   economic   contracts   will   both   benefit   for   Cambodia   and 
Vietnam also benefits and Laos.
The   process   of   economic   cooperation,   the   Cambodian   actors 
often   solved   mutually   beneficial   relationship   between   the   two 
peoples themselves with the people of Vietnam and Laos in the new 
conditions.
3.2.2.  Combine developing  internal   resources   and  expanding  
cooperation   with   Vietnam   and   Laos   in   the   political   field   in  
Cambodia  pursuant   to  Ho   Chi   Minh’s   thought   on   international  
solidarity
Building   political   environment   with   nature   consensus,   unity 
.Đặng Cambodian People have to regulate, innovative and truly loyal  

to ethnic interests as a basis.
In each specific field such as economics, politics, culture, society 
must be legalized. Completing the operation mechanism of the state 


23
apparatus to the organization functions properly, troubleshoot and fix 
overlapping of different abuses.
In subjects that need to promote the role and the activities of the 
joint   committee   on   economic   cooperation,   culture,   science   and 
technology   have   been   established   for   implementing   the   present 
cooperation with Vietnam and Cambodia Laos today.
3.2.3.   Combine   developing   internal   resources   and   expanding  
cooperation with Vietnam and Laos in the field of culture Cambodia  
along the Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity
Conducted   simultaneously   and   rationally   self­education   and 
training and with the help of other countries, especially Vietnam and 
Laos   to   join.   There   should   be   strong   sanctions   in   managing   state 
building cultural environment of Cambodia today.
Improve   the   quality   and   performance   of   the   "Association"   of 
bilateral friendship and multilateral from the state level, the central to 
local levels, in all branches and sectors. Through the organization of 
cultural exchanges between the three ethnic groups, the subjects not 
only have a deeper understanding of ideas on international solidarity 
of Ho Chi Minh, celebrity culture of the people of Vietnam.
3.2.4. Combining developing internal  resources  and expanding  
comprehensive   cooperation   with   Vietnam   and   Laos   in   the  
development of science ­ technology in Cambodia pursuant to Ho Chi  
Minh’s thought on international solidarity
Enhance cooperation on education ­ training, especially the training 

of human resources at higher levels. Each step forward for science ­ 
technology and collaborate on science ­ technology must quickly put 
into practical application in development.
Creating   the   environment   and   promoting   solidarity   with   Vietnam 
Cambodia and Laos in the field of science ­ technology and education in the 
spirit of Ho Chi Minh’s thought on international solidarity in Cambodia.
These actors have to study and learn the content, principles and 
ideological value of Ho Chi Minh on international solidarity in order to 
refine the similarities with education in Cambodia today. Need specific 
content, values in each grade, grade appropriate training.
3.2.5.   Combining   developing   internal   resources   and   expand  
comprehensive cooperation with Vietnam and Laos to consolidate  


24
national defense ­ security in Cambodia along the Ho Chi Minh’s  
thought on international solidarity  
Ministry of National Defense and Ministry of Internal Affairs of 
Cambodia   initiatively  and   positively   develop   the   national   defense, 
and security really strong to meet new requirements of development 
practices.   Provide   information,   co­operation   agreements;   share 
difficulties and positive measures are most effective for strengthening 
solidarity   between   Cambodia,   Vietnam   and   Laos   under   Ho   Chi 
Minh’s thoughts on current international solidarity.
The   armed   forces   of   all   three   countries   have   planned   synergistic 
approving the plans for prevention and control of hostile forces to use armed 
force against abusing the solidarity of the peoples of media properties.
3.3. Combine with Vietnam and Laos and creating an enabling 
environment   and   promote   cooperation   activities   with   integrity, 
synchronized to strengthen solidarity with Vietnam Cambodia and 

Laos with the ideals of Ho Chi Minh on international solidarity in 
line with the trend of globalization today
3.3.1.   Take   innitiave   to   combine   with   Vietnam   and   Laos   to  
build collaborative environment of the three peoples and promoting  
the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos with the ideals  
of  Ho  Chi  Minh on international  solidarity  in  the  conditions  of  
globalization today
Every nation actively create environments with particular nuances, 
but   also  demonstrate  similarities   to   the   process   of   strengthening  the 
solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos pursuant to Ho Chi 
Minh’s ideology on international solidarity to be suitable with conditions 
of economic internationalization.
Combine   between   the   autonomy,   independence,   voluntary 
cooperation   and   exchange   of   mutual   benefit.   The   investment, 
cooperation with foreign countries and Cambodia or Vietnam or Laos 
should   account   for   the   common   interests   of   all   three   nations. 
Overcoming   the   expression   chasing   local   interests,   private   interests 
harming other national interests on the Indochina Peninsula
  3.3.2.  Regularly finishing operation mechanism common to all  
three peoples in the process of strengthening solidarity with Vietnam  
Cambodia and Laos with the ideals of Ho Chi Minh on international  
solidarity in the current globalization


25
Improving   mechanisms   of   this   activity   expressed   in   the 
agreement   as   well   as   periodic   unscheduled   prescribed   prior   to 
exchange and jointly towards a purpose. Overcoming isolation and 
prioritization   of   external   relations   in   another   direction,   it   can   not 
realize the solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos under Ho 

Chi   Minh’s   thought   on   international   solidarity   in   economic 
globalization today.  
3.3.3. Combining setting and control of uniformity, consistency  
throughout   the   process   of   strengthening   the   solidarity   between  
Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos under Ho Chi Minh’s thought on  
international solidarity in terms of economic globalization today
According to Ho Chi Minh’s thought, building is a process that 
subjects and people under the leadership and direction of the pioneer 
of the people and organizations all working people activities created 
new social good pretty. This realism  is  a mass movement created 
history with realism and revolutionary.
Against following Ho Chi Minh's thought is a process of fighting 
to overcome the remnants of the old society, the force against the 
process. Against follow Ho Chi Minh’s thought also to be understood 
against   the   remnants   of   the   old   society   exist   within   the   workers 
themselves.
Between   the   building   and   fighting   against   Ho   Chi   Minh’s 
thought   in   implementing   national   unity   is   understood   as   two 
opposites of a dialectical contradiction. The pace of construction is a 
step up fight and win in combat has implied a building content.
Combine   building   and   strengthening   against   the   creation   and 
consolidation   of   national   unity   of   Cambodia   and   to   strengthen 
solidarity with Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos with the ideals of Ho 
Chi Minh on international solidarity today.
Conclusion of chapter 3
To strengthen solidarity between Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos 
today with the ideals of Ho Chi Minh on international solidarity in a 
comprehensive,  in­depth and  new levels   need  systematic   solutions 
for science,  fit,  sync. Based on the theoretical  framework and the 
actual situation, the author has identified three groups of measures.