Lecture E-Commerce - Chapter 3: The internet and the web (part I)

CSC 330 E-Commerce
Teacher

Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan
GM-IT CIIT Islamabad

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Virtual Campus, CIIT
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

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The Internet and The Web

Chapter-2
Part-I

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Objectives
 Define

the origin and evolution of the Internet.
 Identify the key technology concepts behind the
internet
 Describe the role of Internet protocols and utility
programs
 Explain the current structure of Internet.
 Understand the limitations of todays internet
 Describe the potential capabilities of Internet II
 Understand how the world wide web works
 Describe how internet and web features and services
support e-commerce.

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The Internet: Technology Background
Internet
 Interconnected

network of thousands of networks and
millions of computers

 Links

businesses, educational institutions, government
agencies, and individuals

World Wide Web (Web)
 One

of the Internet’s most popular services

 Provides

access to around billions, possibly trillions, of
Web pages

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The Evolution of the Internet 1961 - Present

 Innovation

Phase, 1964 -1974

 Institutionalization

 Commercialization

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Phase, 1975 -1994
Phase,1995 - present

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The Evolution of the Internet 1964 - 1974
Innovation Phase: (1964 -1974)
The

basic building blocks were introduced such as;
packet-switching hardware, client/server computing, and a
communications protocol called TCP/IP
The

original purpose of the Internet, was to link large
mainframe computers on different university/college
campuses.
This

kind of one-to-one communication between
campuses was previously possible only through the

telephone system or postal mail.

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The Evolution of the Internet 1975 -1994
Institutionalization Phase: (1975 -1994)
Large

institutions such as the US Department of Defense
(DoD) and the National Science Foundation (NSF)
provided funding to legitimate for the fledging invention
called the Internet.
DoD

contributed $1 million to further develop the network
into a robust military communications system so that it
could withstand during nuclear war.
In

1986, the NSF assumed responsibility for the
development of a civilian Internet (NSFNET) and began a
ten-year-long $200 million expansion program.
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The Evolution of the Internet (1995Present)
Commercialization Phase: (1995 – present)
Government

agencies encouraged private
corporations to take over and expand both the Internet
backbone and local services to ordinary citizens who
were not students.
By

2000, the Internet’s use had expanded well
beyond military installations and research universities
and came into the public domain.

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An instance of internet - active nodes

Source:  />T1-Lecture-3

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The Internet: Key Technology Concepts
Network as Defined by NSF:
Uses

IP addressing

Supports

TCP/IP

Provides

services to users, in manner similar to
telephone system
Three important concepts:
1. Packet switching
2. TCP/IP communications protocol
3. Client/server computing

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Packet Switching
Packet Switching:
Slices digital messages into packets
Sends packets along different communication paths as
they become available
Reassembles packets once they arrive at destination
Uses routers
 Special

purpose computers that interconnect the
computer networks make up the Internet and route
packets.
 Routing algorithms ensure packets take the best
available path toward their destination.
Less expensive, wasteful than circuit-switching.

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Packet Switching

Packet Switching Demo 
/>
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Key Concept Related to TCP/IP
Protocol
A set of rules and standards for data transfer
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) the core communications protocol for the
Internet
TCP
Protocol that establishes the connections among
sending and receiving Web computers and handles the
assembly of packets at the point of transmission, and
their reassembly at the receiving end
IP

protocol that provides the Internet’s addressing
scheme and is responsible for the actual delivery of the
packets
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TCP/IP
Internet Protocol (IP):
 Provides the Internet’s addressing scheme.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
Establishes connections between sending and receiving
Web computers
Handles assembly of packets at point of transmission,
and reassembly at receiving end
Four TCP/IP Layers (hourglass model)
1. Network Interface Layer
2. Internet Layer
3. Transport Layer
4. Application Layer
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The TCP/IP Architecture and Protocol
Suite

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Key Concept Related to TCP/IP
Network Interface Layer:
Responsible for placing packets on, and receiving
them from, the network medium.
Internet Layer
Responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing
messages on the Internet
Transport Layer
Responsible for providing communication with the
application by acknowledging and sequencing the
packets to and from the application

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Key Concept Related to TCP/IP
Application Layer
Provides a wide variety of applications (HTTP, FTP,
SMTP ) with the ability to access the services of the
lower layers of TCP/IP.
Internet address
Internet address expressed a unique number that
appears as a series numbers separated with periods,
such as 64.49.254.91 carrying the address of an
individual machine on the internet.

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Internet (IP) Addresses
How 500 million people will be addressed?
The answer is IP addressing version 4 (IPv4) used

previously and IP addressing version 6 (IPv6) a new
version introduced lately to accommodate more clients.
IPv4
32-bit number
IPv4 can handle 4 billion.
Expressed as series of four sets of separate numbers
marked off by periods e.g. 201.61.186.227 or
130.111.67.244
Class B address: (130.111.67.244) Network identified
by first two sets, computer identified by last set
Class C address: (201.61.186.227)
Network identified by first three sets, computer
identified by last set
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Internet (IP) Addresses
IPv6
A newer version of the IP protocol, called IPv6, has
been developed. IPv6 provides for 128-bit addresses,
or about 1 quadrillion
(10

to the power15)

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Checking your IP
 From

start menu click Run
 Type cmd in dialogue box
 Type ipconfig

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Routing Internet Messages:
TCP/IP and Packet Switching

The Internet uses packet-switched networks and the TCP/IP
communications protocol to send, route, and assemble messages.
Messages are broken into packets, and packets from the same
message can travel along different routes.
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Domain Names, DNS, and URLs
Domain Name
IP address expressed in natural language
comsats.edu.pk

 203.124.43.105

Domain Name System (DNS)
Allows numeric IP addresses to be expressed in
natural language
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Address used by Web browser to identify location of
content on the Web
e.g., />
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How to Pick a Domain Name
Pointer for picking domain names
If you sell bricks, pick a domain name containing a
word like brick
Consider name length and ease of remembering
the name
Hyphens to force search engines to see keywords
in your domain name
Make sure the domain name is easy for Web users
to remember and find
The domain name should suggest the nature of
your product or service
The domain name should serve as a trademark
The domain name should be free of legal conflicts
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Some memorable Internet names


Good names
◦ Amazon.com
◦ Ebay.com

◦ Yahoo.com
◦ Google.com
◦ Alibaba.com
◦ Hotmail.com
◦ qwerty.com

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

Bad names
◦ Yadayada.com
◦ Doggles.com
◦ ePet.com
◦ Teacherstalk.com
◦ “anything”online.com
◦ llanfairpwllgwyngyllgog
erychwyrndrobwyllllantysiliogogogoch.co
m
◦ Close to an existing
name
 Gooogle.com
 Goggle.com

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How to Register a Domain Name
 if

you are interested a domain In Pakistan (.pk )
You may use :
/>
 If

you want to register an international domain .com
you may try :
/>
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