Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 1: The human body: An orientation (part b)

1
The Human Body: 
An Orientation: Part B


Chapter 1, part b

This part will be your 
lab assignment. Make 
sure you know your 
anatomical 
terminology, 
anatomical  regions, 


Anatomical Position

Standard anatomical 

body position:
Body erect

Feet slightly apart
Palms facing forward


Upper limb
Acromial
Brachial (arm)
Antecubital
Antebrachial

(forearm)
Carpal (wrist)
Manus (hand)
Palmar
Pollex
Digital

Cephalic
Frontal
Orbital
Nasal
Oral
Mental
Cervical
Thoracic
Axillary
Mammary
Sternal
Abdominal
Umbilical
Pelvic
Inguinal
(groin)
Pubic
(genital)
Thorax
Abdomen
Back (Dorsum)

(a) Anterior/Ventral

Lower limb
Coxal (hip)
Femoral (thigh)
Patellar
Crural (leg)
Fibular or peroneal
Pedal (foot)
Tarsal (ankle)
Metatarsal
Digital
Hallux
Figure 1.7a


Table 1.1


Table 1.1


Table 1.1


Table 1.1


Table 1.1

Regional Terms
Two major divisions of body:
Axial
Head, neck, and trunk
Appendicular
Limbs
Regional terms designate specific

areas


Upper limb
Acromial
Brachial (arm)
Antecubital
Antebrachial
(forearm)
Carpal (wrist)
Manus (hand)
Palmar
Pollex
Digital

Cephalic
Frontal
Orbital
Nasal
Oral
Mental
Cervical

Thoracic
Axillary
Mammary
Sternal
Abdominal
Umbilical
Pelvic
Inguinal
(groin)
Pubic
(genital)
Thorax
Abdomen
Back (Dorsum)

(a) Anterior/Ventral

Lower limb
Coxal (hip)
Femoral (thigh)
Patellar
Crural (leg)
Fibular or peroneal
Pedal (foot)
Tarsal (ankle)
Metatarsal
Digital
Hallux
Figure 1.7a

Upper limb
Acromial
Brachial (arm)
Olecranal
Antebrachial
(forearm)
Manus (hand)
Metacarpal
Digital
Lower limb
Femoral (thigh)
Popliteal
Sural (calf)
Fibular or peroneal
Pedal (foot)
Calcaneal
Plantar

Cephalic
Otic
Occipital (back
of head)
Cervical
Back (dorsal)
Scapular
Vertebral
Lumbar
Sacral
Gluteal

Perineal (between
anus and external
genitalia)
Thorax
Abdomen
Back (Dorsum)

(b) Posterior/Dorsal
Figure 1.7b


Body Planes
Plane: Flat surface along which

body or structure is cut for
anatomical study


Body Planes
Sagittal plane
Divides body vertically into right and

left parts
Produces a sagittal section
Midsagittal (median) plane
Lies on midline
Parasagittal plane
Not on midline

Body Planes
Frontal (coronal) plane
Divides body vertically into anterior

and posterior parts
Transverse (horizontal) plane
Divides body horizontally into superior
and inferior parts
Produces a cross section
Oblique section
Cuts made diagonally


Frontal plane

       Sagittal plane
Transverse plane

(a) Frontal section
(through torso)

(b) Transverse section
(through torso,
inferior view)
Pancreas

(c) Median section
(midsagittal)

Aorta

Spleen

Left and
Liver Heart Spleen
right lungs
Stomach
Arm

Liver

Spinal cord
Body wall
Subcutaneous fat layer

Intestines
Rectum
Vertebral
column

Figure 1.8


Frontal plane


Transverse plane


Body Cavities
Dorsal cavity

Protects nervous system
Two subdivisions:
Cranial cavity
Encases brain
Vertebral cavity
Encases spinal cord


Body Cavities
Ventral cavity
Houses internal organs (viscera)
Two subdivisions (separated by

diaphragm):
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity


Cranial
cavity

Cranial
cavity
(contains
brain)

Dorsal body cavity
Ventral body cavity

Vertebral

cavity
Superior
mediastinum
Pleural
cavity
Pericardial
cavity within
the mediastinum
Diaphragm

Dorsal
body
cavity

Thoracic
cavity
(contains
heart and
lungs)
Vertebral
cavity
(contains
spinal
cord)

Abdominal cavity
(contains digestive
viscera)

(a) Lateral view

Pelvic cavity
(contains urinary
bladder, reproductive
organs, and rectum)

Abdominopelvic
cavity

Ventral body
cavity
(thoracic and
abdominopelvic
cavities)

(b) Anterior view

Figure 1.9a-b


Ventral Body Cavities
Thoracic cavity subdivisions:
Two pleural cavities
Each houses a lung
Mediastinum
Contains pericardial cavity
Surrounds thoracic organs
Pericardial cavity
Encloses heart

Ventral Body Cavities
Abdominopelvic cavity 

subdivisions:
Abdominal cavity
Contains stomach, intestines,
spleen, and liver
Pelvic cavity
Contains urinary bladder,
reproductive organs, and rectum


Cranial
cavity

Cranial
cavity
(contains
brain)

Dorsal body cavity
Ventral body cavity

Vertebral
cavity
Superior
mediastinum
Pleural
cavity

Pericardial
cavity within
the mediastinum
Diaphragm

Dorsal
body
cavity

Thoracic
cavity
(contains
heart and
lungs)
Vertebral
cavity
(contains
spinal
cord)

Abdominal cavity
(contains digestive
viscera)

(a) Lateral view

Pelvic cavity
(contains urinary
bladder, reproductive
organs, and rectum)

Abdominopelvic
cavity

Ventral body
cavity
(thoracic and
abdominopelvic
cavities)

(b) Anterior view

Figure 1.9a-b


Serous Membrane (Serosa)
Thin, double-layered membrane

separated by serous fluid
Parietal serosa lines internal
body walls
Visceral serosa covers the
internal organs