Ebook Diagnostic imaging gastrointestinal: Part 1

ii


Michael P. Federle, MD
Professor and Associate Chair for Education
Department of Radiology
Stanford University Medical Center
Stanford, California

Siva P. Raman, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

iii


1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING: GASTROINTESTINAL, THIRD EDITION

ISBN: 978-0-323-37755-3

Copyright © 2015 by Elsevier. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on
how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as

the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be
noted herein).

Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and
experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices,
or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in
evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described
herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety
and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check
the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer
of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the
method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of
practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make
diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to
take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or
editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter
of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods,
products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

Publisher Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Diagnostic imaging. Gastrointestinal / [edited by] Michael P. Federle and Siva P. Raman.
3rd edition.
pages ; cm
Gastrointestinal
Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-323-37755-3 (hardback)
1. Digestive organs--Imaging--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Diagnostic imaging.
I. Federle, Michael P. II. Raman, Siva P. III. Title: Gastrointestinal.
[DNLM: 1. Radiography, Abdominal--methods.--Handbooks.
2. Digestive System Diseases--radiography--Handbooks. 3. Diagnostic Imaging--Handbooks.
WI 900]
RC944.D526 2015
617.5/507543--dc23
International Standard Book Number: 978-0-323-37755-3
Cover Designer: Tom M. Olson, BA
Cover Art: Lane R. Bennion, MS
Printed in Canada by Friesens, Altona, Manitoba, Canada
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

iv


Dedications
This book is dedicated to the phenomenal referring
physicians at Stanford and Johns Hopkins Medical Centers
who attract and care for some of the most challenging and
LQWHUHVWLQJSDWLHQWVRIWHQUHIHUUHGVSHFLƬFDOO\WRWKHP
because of their well-earned reputations for excellence. They
keep us “on our toes,” and the most rewarding part of our
jobs is to participate with them in advancing the evaluation
and care of patients with abdominal disease and disorders.
MPF

To my loving wife, Janani Venkateswaran, for her boundless
understanding and patience.

To my parents, Raghu and Visali, for their support throughout
my entire career and education.
To all my colleagues at Johns Hopkins.
SPR

v


vi


Contributing Authors

Amir A. Borhani, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Mitchell Tublin, MD
Professor and Vice Chairman
Chief of Abdominal Imaging
Department of Radiology
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

5%URRNH-HƪUH\0'
Professor and Vice Chairman
Department of Radiology
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California

vii


Preface

The second edition of Diagnostic Imaging:
Abdomen was a major expansion of the
ƬUVWHGLWLRQFRQWDLQLQJRYHUDGGLWLRQDO
diagnoses. In planning this, the third edition,
we soon realized that comprehensive
coverage of all of the advances in
imaging and management of abdominal
disorders was no longer possible in a
single volume text. Therefore, we elected
to separate diagnoses judged primarily
“gastrointestinal,” covered in this thoroughly
updated text, from the “genitourinary”
topics, to be covered in a subsequent book.
We have maintained the classic Amirsys
style of bulleted text, allowing us to present
factual material in less than half the space
with greater clarity and readability. We have,
however, also maintained and expanded the
popular Introduction and Overview sections,
which are written in a more informal prose
style, to help readers grasp the essential
anatomical issues, imaging protocols, and
general approaches to the most common
DQGLPSRUWDQWGLVRUGHUVDƪHFWLQJWKDWRUJDQ

system.
As a new feature, we have added lists of
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to each Introduction and Overview section,
helping readers to zero in, for instance,
on the possible etiologies for a “cystic
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chapters on the most likely candidates will
then quickly lead to a more accurate and
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viii

Fluoroscopy in the modern era (read, CT,
and endoscopy) has evolved to focus primarily
on pre- and postoperative evaluation of
patients for surgical alterations of the GI tract.
Therefore, we have de-emphasized the more
HVRWHULFDVSHFWVRIƮXRURVFRSLFGLDJQRVLVRI
diseases in favor of more expansive coverage
of the radiologist’s role in evaluating patients
IRUEDULDWULFVXUJHU\DQWLUHƮX[SURFHGXUHV
esophageal and bowel resections, and so forth.
Additional detailed diagnostic material, images,
and references are included in Elsevier’s Expert
Consult, an eBook that accompanies the print
version of Diagnostic Imaging: Gastrointestinal,
Third Edition.
We have updated and replaced most
images from the second edition, maintaining

only those judged to be so classic that newer
examples would not be an improvement. All
references and text have been updated as well,
with all material being current to within a few
months of the publication date of this book.
The rapid preparation of this book was
made possible in part by limiting the primary
authorship to two experienced and highly
motivated authors, who took responsibility for
ZULWLQJDQGLOOXVWUDWLQJDOOSOXVFKDSWHUV
We hope that this new edition of Diagnostic
Imaging: Gastrointestinal will be a welcome
addition to your library, but only after you have
read it!


Michael P. Federle, MD
Professor and Associate Chair for Education
Department of Radiology
Stanford University Medical Center
Stanford, California

Siva P. Raman, MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

ix

x


Acknowledgements
Text Editing
Dave L. Chance, MA, ELS
Arthur G. Gelsinger, MA
Nina I. Bennett, BA
Sarah J. Connor, BA
Tricia L. Cannon, BA
Terry W. Ferrell, MS
Lisa A. Gervais, BS

Image Editing
-HƪUH\-0DUPRUVWRQH%6
Lisa A. M. Steadman, BS

Medical Editing
Michael Sacerdote, MD

Illustrations
Richard Coombs, MS
Lane R. Bennion, MS
Laura C. Sesto, MA

Art Direction and Design
Tom M. Olson, BA
Laura C. Sesto, MA

Lead Editor

Sarah J. Connor, BA

Production Coordinators
Angela M. Terry, BA
Rebecca L. Hutchinson, BA

xi


xii


Sections
6(&7,21$EGRPLQDO0DQLIHVWDWLRQVRI6\VWHPLF&RQGLWLRQV
6(&7,213HULWRQHXP0HVHQWHU\DQG$EGRPLQDO:DOO
SECTION 3: Esophagus
SECTION 4: Stomach
SECTION 5: Duodenum
SECTION 6: Small Intestine
SECTION 7: Colon
SECTION 8: Spleen
SECTION 9: Liver
6(&7,21%LOLDU\6\VWHP
SECTION 11: Pancreas
xiii


TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1: ABDOMINAL

MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC
CONDITIONS

58
62

INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
4

Imaging Approach to Abdominal Manifestations of
Systemic Conditions
Michael P. Federle, MD

INFECTION
8
12
16

HIV/AIDS
Siva Raman, MD
Tuberculosis
Siva Raman, MD
Mononucleosis
Siva Raman, MD

METABOLIC OR INHERITED
18
22
26
28

Cystic Fibrosis
Siva Raman, MD
Sickle Cell Anemia
Siva Raman, MD
Amyloidosis
Siva Raman, MD
Sarcoidosis
Michael P. Federle, MD

SECTION 2: PERITONEUM, MESENTERY,
AND ABDOMINAL WALL
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
66

36
38

Systemic Hypotension
Siva Raman, MD and Michael P. Federle, MD
Superior Vena Cava Obstruction
Siva Raman, MD
Vasculitis
Siva Raman, MD

TRAUMA
42
48

Foreign Bodies

Siva Raman, MD
Barotrauma
Siva Raman, MD and Amir A. Borhani, MD

TRANSPLANTATION
50

Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Siva Raman, MD

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
54

xiv

Leukemia and Lymphoma
Siva Raman, MD

Imaging Approach to the Peritoneum, Mesentery,
and Abdominal Wall
Michael P. Federle, MD

INFECTION
72

Abdominal Abscess
Siva Raman, MD

INFLAMMATION
76

80

Peritonitis
Siva Raman, MD
Sclerosing Mesenteritis
Siva Raman, MD

DEGENERATIVE
84
88

VASCULAR DISORDERS
34

Metastatic Melanoma
Siva Raman, MD
Kaposi Sarcoma
Siva Raman, MD and Michael P. Federle, MD

Ascites
Siva Raman, MD
Omental Infarct
Siva Raman, MD

EXTERNAL HERNIAS
92
96
98
100
101

102
103

Inguinal Hernia
Siva Raman, MD
Femoral Hernia
Siva Raman, MD
Obturator Hernia
Siva Raman, MD and Michael P. Federle, MD
Ventral Hernia
Siva Raman, MD
Spigelian Hernia
Siva Raman, MD
Lumbar Hernia
Siva Raman, MD and Amir A. Borhani, MD
Umbilical Hernia
Siva Raman, MD and Amir A. Borhani, MD

INTERNAL HERNIAS
104

Paraduodenal Hernia
Siva Raman, MD


TABLE OF CONTENTS
108
112
113

Transmesenteric Postoperative Hernia
Siva Raman, MD
Bochdalek Hernia
Siva Raman, MD
Morgagni Hernia
Siva Raman, MD

VASCULAR DISORDERS
114

Portal Hypertension and Varices
Siva Raman, MD

TRAUMA
118
120

Traumatic Abdominal Wall Hernia
Siva Raman, MD
Traumatic Diaphragmatic Rupture
Siva Raman, MD

TREATMENT RELATED
124
126
130

Postoperative State, Abdomen
Siva Raman, MD
Abdominal Incision and Injection Sites

Siva Raman, MD
Peritoneal Inclusion Cyst
Siva Raman, MD

BENIGN NEOPLASMS
132
136

Lymphangioma (Mesenteric Cyst)
Siva Raman, MD
Desmoid
Siva Raman, MD

INFLAMMATION
166
170
172
174
175
176
177

DEGENERATIVE
178
179
180
184
188
192
194

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
140
144
148

Abdominal Mesothelioma
Siva Raman, MD and Michael P. Federle, MD
Peritoneal Metastases
Siva Raman, MD
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Siva Raman, MD

MISCELLANEOUS
152
153

Eventration and Paralysis of the Diaphragm
Siva Raman, MD
Vicarious Excretion
Siva Raman, MD and Michael P. Federle, MD

156

Imaging Approach to the Esophagus
Michael P. Federle, MD

INFECTION
162
164

165

Candida Esophagitis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Viral Esophagitis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Chagas Disease
Michael P. Federle, MD

Esophageal Webs
Michael P. Federle, MD
Cricopharyngeal Achalasia
Michael P. Federle, MD
Esophageal Achalasia
Michael P. Federle, MD
Esophageal Motility Disturbances
Michael P. Federle, MD
Esophageal Scleroderma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Schatzki Ring
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hiatal Hernia
Michael P. Federle, MD

VASCULAR DISORDERS
198

Esophageal Varices
Michael P. Federle, MD

ESOPHAGEAL DIVERTICULA
202
206
208
209

SECTION 3: ESOPHAGUS
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

Reflux Esophagitis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Barrett Esophagus
Michael P. Federle, MD
Caustic Esophagitis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Drug-Induced Esophagitis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Radiation Esophagitis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis and Esophagitis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Epidermolysis and Pemphigoid
Michael P. Federle, MD

Zenker Diverticulum
Michael P. Federle, MD
Intramural Pseudodiverticulosis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Traction Diverticulum
Michael P. Federle, MD

Pulsion Diverticulum
Michael P. Federle, MD

TRAUMA
210
212
216

Esophageal Foreign Body
Michael P. Federle, MD
Esophageal Perforation
Michael P. Federle, MD
Boerhaave Syndrome
Michael P. Federle, MD

TREATMENT RELATED
218

Esophagectomy: Ivor Lewis and Other Procedures
Michael P. Federle, MD

xv


TABLE OF CONTENTS
BENIGN NEOPLASMS
224
226
227

Intramural Benign Esophageal Tumors
Michael P. Federle, MD
Fibrovascular Polyp
Michael P. Federle, MD
Esophageal Inflammatory Polyp
Michael P. Federle, MD and Amir A. Borhani, MD

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
228
232

Esophageal Carcinoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Esophageal Metastases and Lymphoma
Michael P. Federle, MD

SECTION 4: STOMACH
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
236

Imaging Approach to the Stomach
Michael P. Federle, MD

CONGENITAL
242

Gastric Diverticulum
Michael P. Federle, MD

INFLAMMATION

244
248
252
256
258

Gastritis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Gastric Ulcer
Michael P. Federle, MD
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Michael P. Federle, MD
Ménétrier Disease
Michael P. Federle, MD
Caustic Gastroduodenal Injury
Michael P. Federle, MD

DEGENERATIVE
259
260
262

Gastroparesis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Gastric Bezoar
Michael P. Federle, MD
Gastric Volvulus
Michael P. Federle, MD

TREATMENT RELATED

268
270
274
280

Iatrogenic Injury: Feeding Tubes
Michael P. Federle, MD
Partial Gastrectomy: Bilroth Procedures
Michael P. Federle, MD
Fundoplication Complications
Michael P. Federle, MD
Imaging of Bariatric Surgery
Michael P. Federle, MD

BENIGN NEOPLASMS
286

xvi

Gastric Polyps
Michael P. Federle, MD

290

Intramural Benign Gastric Tumors
Michael P. Federle, MD

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
294
298

304

Gastric GIST
Michael P. Federle, MD and R. Brooke Jeffrey, MD
Gastric Carcinoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Gastric Metastases and Lymphoma
Michael P. Federle, MD

SECTION 5: DUODENUM
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
310

Imaging Approach to the Duodenum
Michael P. Federle, MD

NORMAL VARIANTS AND ARTIFACTS
314

Duodenal Flexure Pseudotumor
Michael P. Federle, MD

CONGENITAL
315

Duodenal Diverticulum
Michael P. Federle, MD

INFLAMMATION
316

318
322

Duodenitis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Duodenal Ulcer
Michael P. Federle, MD
Brunner Gland Hyperplasia
Michael P. Federle, MD and Amir A. Borhani, MD

VASCULAR DISORDERS
324

SMA Syndrome
Michael P. Federle, MD and Amir A. Borhani, MD

TRAUMA
326

Gastroduodenal Trauma
Michael P. Federle, MD

TREATMENT RELATED
328

Aortoenteric Fistula
Michael P. Federle, MD and R. Brooke Jeffrey, MD

BENIGN NEOPLASMS
330

Duodenal Polyps
Michael P. Federle, MD

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
334
338

Duodenal Carcinoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Duodenal Metastases and Lymphoma
Michael P. Federle, MD and R. Brooke Jeffrey, MD


TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 6: SMALL INTESTINE
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
342

Imaging Approach to the Small Intestine
Michael P. Federle, MD

CONGENITAL
348
350
351
352

Malrotation
Michael P. Federle, MD

Duplication Cyst
Michael P. Federle, MD
Small Bowel Diverticula
Michael P. Federle, MD and R. Brooke Jeffrey, MD
Meckel Diverticulum
Michael P. Federle, MD

INFECTION
356
358
360

Mesenteric Adenitis and Enteritis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Intestinal Parasites and Infestation
Michael P. Federle, MD
Opportunistic Intestinal Infections
Michael P. Federle, MD

INFLAMMATION
364
368
369
370
376
380
382

Celiac-Sprue Disease
Michael P. Federle, MD

Whipple Disease
Siva Raman, MD
Mastocytosis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Crohn Disease
Michael P. Federle, MD
Intestinal Scleroderma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Intestinal (Angioneurotic) Angioedema
Michael P. Federle, MD and Amir A. Borhani, MD
Small Bowel NSAID Stricture
Michael P. Federle, MD

METABOLIC OR INHERITED
384

Intestinal Lymphangiectasia
Michael P. Federle, MD

DEGENERATIVE
386
388
394
398
402
403

Ileus
Michael P. Federle, MD and R. Brooke Jeffrey, MD
Small Bowel Obstruction

Michael P. Federle, MD
Pneumatosis of the Intestine
Michael P. Federle, MD
Intussusception
Michael P. Federle, MD
Malabsorption Conditions
Michael P. Federle, MD
Gallstone Ileus
Michael P. Federle, MD

404

Enteric Fistulas and Sinus Tracts
Michael P. Federle, MD and Siva Raman, MD

VASCULAR DISORDERS
412

Ischemic Enteritis
Michael P. Federle, MD

TRAUMA
416

Mesenteric and Small Bowel Trauma
Michael P. Federle, MD

TREATMENT RELATED
422
426

Postoperative State, Bowel
Michael P. Federle, MD
Radiation Enteritis and Colitis
Michael P. Federle, MD

TRANSPLANTATION
430

Small Intestine Transplantation
Michael P. Federle, MD

BENIGN NEOPLASMS
434
435
436

Intramural (Mesenchymal) Intestinal Tumors
Michael P. Federle, MD
Ileocecal Valve Lipoma and Lipomatous Infiltration
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hamartomatous Polyposis Syndromes
Michael P. Federle, MD

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
438
442
444
448

Carcinoid Tumor
Michael P. Federle, MD
Small Bowel Carcinoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Intestinal Metastases and Lymphoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Intestinal GIST
Michael P. Federle, MD and Amir A. Borhani, MD

SECTION 7: COLON
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
452

Imaging Approach to the Colon
Michael P. Federle, MD

INFECTION
458
464

Infectious Colitis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Neutropenic Colitis (Typhlitis)
Michael P. Federle, MD

INFLAMMATION AND ISCHEMIA
466
470

Ulcerative Colitis

Michael P. Federle, MD
Toxic Megacolon
Michael P. Federle, MD

xvii


TABLE OF CONTENTS
474
478
484
488
492
498

Ischemic Colitis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Appendicitis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Mucocele of the Appendix
Michael P. Federle, MD
Colonic Diverticulosis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Diverticulitis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Epiploic Appendagitis
Michael P. Federle, MD

DEGENERATIVE
502

506
508
512
513

Sigmoid Volvulus
Michael P. Federle, MD
Cecal Volvulus
Michael P. Federle, MD
Colonic Ileus and Ogilvie Syndrome
Michael P. Federle, MD
Fecal Impaction and Stercoral Ulceration
Michael P. Federle, MD
Rectal Prolapse and Intussusception
Michael P. Federle, MD

TRAUMA
514

Colorectal Trauma
Michael P. Federle, MD

BENIGN NEOPLASMS
516
520

Colonic Polyps
Siva Raman, MD
Villous Adenoma
Michael P. Federle, MD

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
524
530
534
540
541

Colon Carcinoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Rectal Carcinoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Familial Polyposis and Gardner Syndrome
Michael P. Federle, MD
Appendiceal Tumors
Michael P. Federle, MD
Colonic Metastases and Lymphoma
Michael P. Federle, MD and R. Brooke Jeffrey, MD

SECTION 8: SPLEEN
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
544

Imaging Approach to the Spleen
Michael P. Federle, MD

NORMAL VARIANTS AND ARTIFACTS
548

Accessory Spleen

Siva Raman, MD

CONGENITAL
550

INFECTION
554

Splenic Infection and Abscess
Siva Raman, MD

DEGENERATIVE
558

Splenomegaly and Hypersplenism
Siva Raman, MD

VASCULAR DISORDERS
562

Splenic Infarction
Siva Raman, MD

TRAUMA
566
570

Splenic Trauma
Siva Raman, MD and R. Brooke Jeffrey, MD
Splenosis

Siva Raman, MD

BENIGN NEOPLASMS
572
574

Splenic Cyst
Siva Raman, MD
Primary Splenic Tumors
Siva Raman, MD

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
578

Splenic Metastases and Lymphoma
Siva Raman, MD

SECTION 9: LIVER
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
584

Imaging Approach to the Liver
Michael P. Federle, MD

CONGENITAL
590
594
598

Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis

Michael P. Federle, MD
AD Polycystic Liver Disease
Michael P. Federle, MD
Congenital Absence of Hepatic Segments
Michael P. Federle, MD

INFECTION
600
604
608
612
616

xviii

Asplenia and Polysplenia
Siva Raman, MD

Hepatic Pyogenic Abscess
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hepatic TB and Fungal Infections
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hepatic Amebic Abscess
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hepatic Hydatid Cyst
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hepatic Schistosomiasis
Michael P. Federle, MD

TABLE OF CONTENTS
620

Viral Hepatitis
Michael P. Federle, MD

INFLAMMATION
626
630
632
638
642
652
658
662
668
676
677

Alcoholic Liver Disease
Michael P. Federle, MD
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Steatosis and Steatohepatitis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hepatic Injury From Toxins
Michael P. Federle, MD
Cirrhosis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Michael P. Federle, MD
Focal Confluent Fibrosis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia
Michael P. Federle, MD
Regenerative and Dysplastic Nodules
Michael P. Federle, MD
Solitary Necrotic Nodule
Michael P. Federle, MD
Peribiliary Cysts
Michael P. Federle, MD

METABOLIC OR INHERITED
678
680
684

Glycogen Storage Disease
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hemochromatosis
Michael P. Federle, MD
Wilson Disease
Michael P. Federle, MD

726
732

TRAUMA
736

Hepatomegaly
Michael P. Federle, MD

VASCULAR DISORDERS
690
696
700
706
710
716
718
722

Transient Hepatic Attenuation or Intensity
Difference (THADs and THIDs)
Michael P. Federle, MD
Arterioportal Shunt
Michael P. Federle, MD
Portal Vein Occlusion
Michael P. Federle, MD
Passive Hepatic Congestion
Michael P. Federle, MD
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Michael P. Federle, MD
Venoocclusive Disease
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hepatic Infarction
Michael P. Federle, MD
Peliosis Hepatis
Michael P. Federle, MD

Hepatic Trauma
Michael P. Federle, MD

TREATMENT RELATED
740
744
748
754

Radiation-Induced Liver Disease
Michael P. Federle, MD
Postoperative Changes, Liver
Michael P. Federle, MD
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hepatic Transplantation
Michael P. Federle, MD

BENIGN NEOPLASMS AND TUMOR-LIKE
CONDITIONS
764
772
780
786
794
798
802

DEGENERATIVE

688

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Michael P. Federle, MD
HELLP Syndrome
Michael P. Federle, MD

Hepatic Cyst
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hepatic Cavernous Hemangioma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hepatic Adenoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Biliary Hamartoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hepatic Angiomyolipoma and Lipoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor
Michael P. Federle, MD

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
806
814
820
826
832
838
842

844

Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Fibrolamellar Carcinoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Peripheral (Intrahepatic) Cholangiocarcinoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Biliary Cystadenocarcinoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hepatic Angiosarcoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Undifferentiated Sarcoma
Michael P. Federle, MD
Hepatic Metastases and Lymphoma
Michael P. Federle, MD

xix


TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 10: BILIARY SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
854

Imaging Approach to the Biliary System
Michael P. Federle, MD

NORMAL VARIANTS AND ARTIFACTS
862

Biliary Normal Variants and Artifacts
Siva Raman, MD

CONGENITAL
866
870
874

Congenital Abnormalities of the Gallbladder
Siva Raman, MD
Caroli Disease
Siva Raman, MD
Choledochal Cyst
Siva Raman, MD

INFECTION
878
882
886
890
892

Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis
Siva Raman, MD
Ascending Cholangitis
Siva Raman, MD
Pancreatobiliary Parasites

Siva Raman, MD
AIDS Cholangiopathy
Siva Raman, MD
Gallbladder Hydrops and Empyema
Siva Raman, MD

VASCULAR DISORDERS
942

TRAUMA
946

902
906
910
914
918
922
926
928
930
934

Gallstones and Sludge
Siva Raman, MD
Acute Calculous Cholecystitis
Siva Raman, MD
Acalculous Cholecystitis
Siva Raman, MD
Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis

Siva Raman, MD and Mitchell Tublin, MD
Emphysematous Cholecystitis
Siva Raman, MD
Mirizzi Syndrome
Siva Raman, MD
Hyperplastic Cholecystoses
Siva Raman, MD
Porcelain Gallbladder
Siva Raman, MD
Milk of Calcium Bile
Siva Raman, MD and Mitchell Tublin, MD
Autoimmune (IgG4) Cholangitis
Siva Raman, MD
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Siva Raman, MD

DEGENERATIVE
938

xx

Biloma
Siva Raman, MD

Biliary Trauma
Siva Raman, MD

TREATMENT RELATED
950

Chemotherapy-Induced Cholangitis
Siva Raman, MD and Mitchell Tublin, MD

BENIGN NEOPLASMS AND TUMOR-LIKE
CONDITIONS
952

Gallbladder Polyps
Siva Raman, MD and Mitchell Tublin, MD

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
956
960
964
965
966

Gallbladder Carcinoma
Siva Raman, MD
Ampullary Carcinoma
Siva Raman, MD
Biliary Metastases and Lymphoma
Siva Raman, MD
Biliary Papillomatosis
Siva Raman, MD and Mitchell Tublin, MD
Biliary IPMN
Siva Raman, MD

SECTION 11: PANCREAS

INFLAMMATION
896

Ischemic Bile Duct Injury
Siva Raman, MD

INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
972

Imaging Approach to the Pancreas
Michael P. Federle, MD

CONGENITAL
980
981
982
986
988

Agenesis of Dorsal Pancreas
Siva Raman, MD
Annular Pancreas
Siva Raman, MD
Pancreas Divisum
Siva Raman, MD
Asymmetric Fatty Lobulation of the Pancreas
Siva Raman, MD
Ectopic Pancreatic Tissue
Siva Raman, MD

INFLAMMATION
990

Acute Pancreatitis and Complications
Siva Raman, MD
1000 Chronic Pancreatitis
Siva Raman, MD
1004 Groove Pancreatitis
Siva Raman, MD
1008 Autoimmune (IgG4) Pancreatitis
Siva Raman, MD


TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEGENERATIVE
1012 Pancreatic Lipomatous Pseudohypertrophy
Siva Raman, MD and Michael P. Federle, MD

TRAUMA
1014 Pancreatic Trauma
Siva Raman, MD

TREATMENT RELATED
1018 Postoperative Pancreas
Siva Raman, MD
1022 Pancreatic Transplantation
Siva Raman, MD

BENIGN NEOPLASMS AND TUMOR-LIKE
CONDITIONS

1026 Pancreatic Serous Cystadenoma
Siva Raman, MD
1030 Nonneoplastic Pancreatic Cysts
Siva Raman, MD

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
1034 Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma
Siva Raman, MD
1042 Mucinous Cystic Pancreatic Tumor
Siva Raman, MD
1048 Pancreatic IPMN
Siva Raman, MD
1054 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Siva Raman, MD
1060 Pancreatic Solid and Pseudopapillary Neoplasm
Siva Raman, MD
1064 Pancreatic Metastases and Lymphoma
Siva Raman, MD
1068 Atypical and Rare Pancreatic Tumors
Siva Raman, MD

xxi


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