kiến trúc máy tính võ tần phương chương ter01 sinhvienzone com

dce
2013

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
CSE Fall 2013
Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering
Department of Computer Engineering
BK
TP.HCM

Vo Tan Phuong
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CuuDuongThanCong.com

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dce
2013

Chapter 1
Introduction

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Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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© Fall 2013, CS

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dce
2013

Presentation Outline
• Welcome to CA CSE Fall 2013
• Computer Architectures and Trends
• High-Level, Assembly-, and Machine-Languages
• Components of a Computer System
• Chip Manufacturing Process
• Programmer's View of a Computer System

CuuDuongThanCong.com

Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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© Fall 2013, CS

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dce
2013

Welcome to CA CSE Fall 2013
• Instructor: Võ Tấn Phương
 Email:

• TA: Trần Thanh Bình

 Email:
• Course Web Page:
– />– />
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Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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dce
2013

Which Textbook will be Used?
• Computer Organization & Design:
The Hardware/Software Interface
– Fourth Edition
– David Patterson and John Hennessy
– Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2009

• Read the textbook in addition to slides

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Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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© Fall 2013, CS

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dce
2013

Estimated Schedule
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Introduction (1 week)
MIPS Instruction Set Architecture (2 weeks)
MIPS Assembly Programming (3 weeks)
Performance (1 week)
Basic Digital Function Block, ALU (1 week)
Single Cycle MIPS Processor (2 weeks)
Pipelined MIPS Processor (2 weeks)
Main Memory System (1 week)
Cache Memory System (1 week)

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Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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© Fall 2013, CS

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dce
2013

Course Learning Outcomes
• Towards the end of this course, you should be able to …
– Describe the instruction set architecture of a MIPS processor
– Analyze, write, and test MIPS assembly language programs

– Design the datapath and control of a single-cycle CPU
– Design the datapath/control of a pipelined CPU & handle hazards
– Describe the organization/operation of memory and caches
– Analyze the performance of processors and caches

• Required Background
– Ability to program confidently in Java or C
– Ability to design a combinational and sequential circuit

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Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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© Fall 2013, CS

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dce
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Tentative Grading Policy
•

Quizzes
–

•

•
•

4 quizzes for each main topic

Labs
–

MIPS assemble programming

–

ALU design

Midterm Exam
–

20%

30%

Quiz questions, closed book, 4 prepared document sheets

Final Exam
–

20%

30%

Quiz questions, closed book, 4 prepared document sheets

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Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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© Fall 2013, CS

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dce

2013

Software Tools
• MIPS Simulators
– MARS: MIPS Assembly and Runtime Simulator
• Runs MIPS-32 assembly language programs

• Website: />
– SPIM
• Also Runs MIPS-32 assembly language programs
• Website: />
• CPU Design and Simulation Tool
– Logisim
• Educational tool for designing and simulating CPUs
• Website: />
CuuDuongThanCong.com

Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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© Fall 2013, CS

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dce
2013

Presentation Outline
• Welcome to CA CSE Fall 2013

• Computer Architectures and Trends
• High-Level, Assembly-, and Machine-Languages
• Components of a Computer System
• Chip Manufacturing Process
• Programmer's View of a Computer System

CuuDuongThanCong.com

Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

/>
© Fall 2013, CS

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dce
2013

What is “Computer Architecture” ?
• Computer Architecture =
Instruction Set Architecture +

Computer Organization
• Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
– WHAT the computer does (logical view)

• Computer Organization
– HOW the ISA is implemented (physical view)

• We will study both in this course
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Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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© Fall 2013, CS

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dce
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Computer Architecture In Context

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Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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2013

Trend 1: Growing Diversity In Apps & Systems

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Trend 2: Software trend
•
•
•
•
•

No longer just executing C/FORTRAN code
Object Oriented Programming
Java
Architectural features to assist security
Middleware
– Layer(s) between client and server applications
– Hides complexity of client/server communications

CuuDuongThanCong.com

Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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© Fall 2013, CS

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Trend 3: Energy/Power Constrain all Modern Systems

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Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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Emerging Device Technologies

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Power Constrains Single-Processor Scaling

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Transition to Multicore Processors

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dce
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Multicore Performance Scaling

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Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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dce
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Classes of Computers
• Desktop / Notebook Computers
– General purpose, variety of software

– Subject to cost/performance tradeoff

• Server Computers
– Network based
– High capacity, performance, reliability
– Range from small servers to building sized

• Embedded Computers
– Hidden as components of systems
– Stringent power/performance/cost constraints

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dce
2013

Computer Sales

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Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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© Fall 2013, CS

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dce
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Microprocessor Sales
• ARM processor
sales exceeded Intel
IA-32 processors,
which came second
• ARM processors
are used mostly in
cellular phones
• Most processors
today are embedded
in cell phones, digital
TVs, video games,
and a variety of
consumer devices

CuuDuongThanCong.com

Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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© Fall 2013, CS

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dce
2013

Presentation Outline
• Welcome to CA CSE Fall 2013
• Computer Architectures and Trends
• High-Level, Assembly-, and Machine-Languages
• Components of a Computer System
• Chip Manufacturing Process
• Programmer's View of a Computer System

CuuDuongThanCong.com

Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

/>
© Fall 2013, CS

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dce
2013

Some Important Questions to Ask
• What is Assembly Language?

• What is Machine Language?

• How is Assembly related to a high-level language?
• Why Learn Assembly Language?
• What is an Assembler, Linker, and Debugger?

CuuDuongThanCong.com

Computer Architecture – Chapter 1

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© Fall 2013, CS

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dce
2013

A Hierarchy of Languages
Application Programs

High-Level Languages
Machine independent

High-Level Language

Machine specific

Low-Level Language

Assembly Language

Machine Language

Hardware
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