Tập tài liệu giảng dạy Thống kê (dành cho lớp bồi dưỡng nghiệp vụ chức danh công chức văn phòng – thống kê xã khu vực trung du, miền núi và dân tộc)

.

BONOIVU. .

" '. -'.

)

"

)(

THONGKE


.

.

.


TAp TAl LIEU GIANG DAY
DANH CHO LOP BOI DUONG NGHIEP VU


eHue DANH eONG eHire VAN PHONG-T:H6NG ICE xA

KHU yVe TRUNG DU, MIEN NiH vA DAN TOe

(Ban hanh kern theo Quyit ajnh s6: 348IQD-BNV ngay 19 thang 4 nam 2012

eua Bp truc7ng Bp Npi v¥)
/

HiI N(Ji - 2012



MUCLUC
. .

-

I

BAI 1: NHIEM
. vu.

~

eVA

THONG

KE xA

vA PHUONG
PHAp

THONGKE

1. Khai ni~m, d6i tUQllg th6ng kS va nhi~m V\l eua th6ng ke xa
\-'

1


h~
hJ.. k"'?
'" Nam h·"
, 2 . H~" tong
to~ e h'uc tong
e a V·l~t
l~n nay

.
2


·'" V\l eh?u yeu
~
., tang
hI.. k"';ow
3 . Nh l~m
eua
e xa

.
"'!!Ii

. 3

II. PhUOllg phap th6ng ke

4


1. Qua trinh nghien Clm th6ng ke

4


~

~

,

"

1.1. tJieu tra thong ke

4


1.2. T Bng hqp th6ng ke

6

1.3 . Phan tich va dv doan th6ng kS

6


2. PhUOllg phap phan tich rnQt s6 chi tieu th6ng ke...........•.•........................ 7

,

,

·2. 1. So tuy ~t do i
,

7


,

2.2. So tUOllg d6i ....................................................................•...................•.• 7

,

,

2.3. S6 trung binh (s6 binh quan)...........................................................•...100

,

2.4. Day s6 thai gi an

133


3. PhUOllg phap trinh bay s6li~u th6ng ke
,

3.1.Bang tho ng ke

-. .............................................................. 19


D6 thi th6ng kS

.20


3.2.

BAI 2: NOI DUNG BAa

eAo THONG KE xA

I. Chi tieu baa cao th6ng kS xa
'hI. k"e xa1. Ch1tleu tong
?

-,

1919

."

22

.

:

"'· dung rnQt
"J...
hJ... k"""
2 . N 91
so c h?·"
1 tleu tong
e xa

22

.
22

.24


o1. Deit dai va dan s6

:

24


02. Kinh tS

~"2

03. Xa hQi, moi truO'ng

42


I.

\: ..
~'

~;,

ILGi6i thi~u phiSu thu th~p thong tin th6ng ke va bang bi~u t~6ng ke xa.58

HUONG DAN LAP MOT SO BlED
1.

"

....

TT

"

PHAN BAI TAP THv C HANH

"

117

120



BA.Il

NHIEM
. vu. eVA THONG KE XA
vA PHUONG PHAp THONG KE
.-

-

I

?

J:.

, , ­

I. Khai ni~m, d8i tU'Q'ng th8ng

ke va nhi~m vI} ella th8ng ke xii
I.Khai ni~m va d8i tU'q"ng th8ng ke.

"'•'"'

I

1.1. Klta; nifm:
Th6ng ke co thS duQ'c hiSu theo hai nghia:
- Nghia 1: Thpng ke la cac con s6 duQ'c quan sat, thu th?p, ghi chep nh~m phan
anh cac hi~n tuqng tv nhien, kinh t~, xii hQi (VD: s6 tr?n biio di qua mQt vung, tY
l~ m~c b~nh viem gan B trong toan qU6c ...)

- Nghia 2: Th6ng ke la khoa hQc nghien Clm h~ th6ng cac phuong phap dS ghi
chep, thu th?p va phan dch cac con s6 vS hi~n tuqng tv OOien, kinh t~, xii hQi s6
IOn dS tim ra bfm ch:1t va tiOO quy lu?t Clla chung trong OOUng diSu ki~n thai
gian va dia diSm C\l thS.
1.2. Bai tlrf/ng nghien cuu cua thang ke:

Th6ng ke hQC la mQt mon khoa hQc xii hQi, ra dai va phat triSn do nhu cc1u
eua eae ho~t dQng th\Ic tiSn xii hQi.

Th6ng ke hQc nghien Clm cac hi~n tuqng va qua trinh kinh t~ xii hQi. Bao
g6m: Cac hi~n tuqng vS dan s6 (nhu s6 nhan kh~u, c:1u thanh clla OOan khfiu,
giai c:1p, gio-i tinh, tu6i tac, nghS nghi~p, dan tQc...), tinh hiOO bi~n dQng cua
nhan kh~u; Tinh hinh phan ph6i dan cu theo liinh th6; Cac hi~n tuqng vS dai
s6ng V?t ch:1t va van hoa Clla OOan dan (nhu: muc s6ng V?t ch:1t, triOO d9 van
hoa, suc khoe...); Cac hi~n tUQ'ng vS sinh ho~t chinh tri, xii hQi (nhu: c:1u t~o cac
co quan Nha nuo-c,.doan thS, s6 nguai tham gia tuySn cu , mit tiOO...) ...

•

Khi nghie.n Clm hi~n tuqng kiOO t~ - xii hQi, th6ng ke khong thS khong xet
d~n anh huemg Clla cac y~u t6 t\1' OOien (thai ti~t, khi h?u, dia ly) va cac y~u t6

ky thu?t (phat minh sang ki~n, cai ti~n cong C\l, ap d\lng cac ky thu?t mo-i).
MQi hi~n tuqng kinh t~ - xii hQi bao gia cling co hai m~t ImJng va ch:1t
khong th~ tach ra\ nhau. M~t luqng Clla hi~n tm;mg giup th:1y dw;rc hi~n tUQ'ng 6
muc dQ nao. M~t ch:1t clla hi~n tw;mg giup phan bi~t gifra hi~n tm;mg llhi~n tuqng khac. M~t ch:1t Clla hi~n tuqng kinh t~ xii hQi khong t6n t~i dQc l?p

ma duQ'c bi~u hi~n qua luqng v6i nhfrng cach thuc xu ly m~t lUQ'ng do mQt cach

#­

· f

•


khoa hQc. Do do, th6ng ke nghien Clm m~t lUQng g~n v&i m~t ch~t eua hi~n
tUQl1g kinh tS - xa hQi.
DS co thS phan anh duQ'c ban chftt va quy lu~t phai triSn cua hi~n tUQllg,
cac con s6 th6ng ke phai duQ'c t~p hQ1J, thu th~p tren mQt s6 Ion cac hi~n tuqng
trong ph~m vi rQng 100 ho~c l~p di l~p l~i. Co nhu v~y m&i lo~i tru duQ'c cac ySu
...

\.....

t6 ng~u nhien, khong 6n diOO dS tim ra ban chftt, tiOO quy lu~t va qua triOO v~
d9ng eua hi~n tugng.

~6i tu<;mg nghien Clm cua th6ng ke hQc bao gia cung t6n t~i trong diSu
ki~n thai gian va dia diSm C\l thS.

Nhu v~y: D6i tUQl1g nghien Clm cua th6ng ke hQc la m~t IUQllg trong rn6i
lien h~ m~t thiSt v&i m~t ch~t cua hi~n tugng va qua triOO kinh tS - xa hQi s6 lOn,
trong diSu ki~n thai gian va dja diSm C\l thS.

2. H~ thBng ta chu-c thBng ke it Vi~t Nam hi~n nay.
Can eu Lu~t T6 ehuc ChiOO phu ngay 25 thang 12 nam 2001;
Can eu Lu~t Th6ng ke ngay 17 thang 6 nam 2003;
Can eu Nghi diOO s6 178/2007/ND-CP ngay 03 thang 12 nam 2007 eua
Chinh phu quy diOO ehue nang, OOi~m V\l, quySn h~n va co c~u t6 ehue eua BQ,
co quan ngang BQ;

Can eu Nghi dinh s6 116/2008/ND-CP ngay 14 thang 11 nam 2008 eua
Chinh phu quy diOO chue nang, nhi~m V\l, quySn h~n va co eftu t6 chue cua BQ
K~ ho~ch

va f)~u tu;

QuySt dinh s6: 54/201 O/QD- TTg cua Thu tuOOg ehiOO phil vS Quy dinh
chile nang, nhi~m V\l, quySn h~n va co e~u t6 chuc eua T6ng C\lC Th6ng ke tn,re
thuQe BQ KS ho~eh va D~u tu.
·
H~ th6ng t6 ehue th6ng ke dUQ'e t6 ehue thanh h~ th6ng dQe tu Trung
uang dSn dja' phuong thea don vi hanh ehiOO, bao dam nguyen t~c t~p trung

th6ng nhftt, g6m co:

-a Trung uong co co quan T6ng cvc Th6ng ke;

t
~

"\~"

-a tinh, thaOO ph6 tn,re thuQC Trung uong co Cve Th6ng ke tn,re thuQc

T6ng eve Th6ng ke;

-a huy~n, qu~n, thi xa, thanh ph6 thuQe tinh co Phong Th6ng ke tn,rc

thuQe CV e Th6ng ke tinh, thanh ph6 tn,re thuQc Trung uong;

- a c~p xa, phuOng co ehuc danh chuyen mon th6ng ke va van phong
UBND.
2'


T6ng cvc Th6ng kS la ca quan trvc thuQc BQ k~ hoe;tch va d~u tu, thvc

hi~n chilc nang tham muu, giup BQ tru6ng BQ k~ hoe;tch va d~u tu qmin ly Nha

I

nu6c vS th6ng kS; Thvc hi~n ho~t dQng th6ng kS va cung d.p thong tin th6ng kS
vS kinh t~, xa hQi cho cac ca quan, t6 chilc va ca nhan theo quy diOO cua phap

lu~t.

:

-...;

,
Cvc th6ng kS la ca quan trvc thuQc T6ng cvc thdng kS, giup C\lC tru6ng

T6ng cvc th6ng kS th6ng OO~t quan ly Nha nu6c vS hoe;tt d(>ng th6ng kS

a dia

phuong; T6 c~c cac hOe;tt dQng th6ng kS theo chuong triOO cong tac cua T6ng
cvc tru6ng T6ng cvc th6ng kS giao; fl6ng thai dap lrng nhu c~u thong tin th6ng

ke tren dia ban.
Phong th6ng kS qu~, huy~n la dan vi tIVC thuQc Cvc Th6ng kS, giup Cvc
Th6ng kS t6 chilc triSn khai cac cUQc diSu tra th6ng kS, thvc hi~n ch~ dQ bao cao
th6ng kS v6i C\lC Th6ng kS va laOO de;to c~p huy~n thee quy diOO.
Chilc daOO chuyen mon th6ng kS va van phong UBND

a c~p xa, phuOng,

thi tran co trach nhi~m t6 chilc thvc hi~n cac cUQc diSu tra thdng kS va thvc hi~~
ch~ dQ bao cao th6ng kS thea quy dinh cua Nha nu6c.

3. Nhi~m v\I ehll y~u ella thBng ke xii.
Cong tac th6ng kS xa co y nghia quan trQng cung c~p sd li~u ban dAu tir

ca

sa vS tinh hiOO kinh t~, xa hQi, liSn quan d~n d~i bQ ph~n dan cu.
Cong tac th6ng kS xa vua phai dam bao nhu c~u thong tin cua c~p tren

vua phai bao dam OOu c~u thong tin cua lanh de;to va nhan dan dia phuang v6i
ySu c~u, h~ th6ng chi tiSu th6ng ke thi~t thvc phil hgp v6i tinh hinh t6 chuc va
diSu ki~n chuySn d6i cO' ch~ quan ly hi~n nay.
fliSu 31, Lu~t Thdng ke xac dinh: " VBND xa, phuOng, thi trein co tritch
111

nhi¢m t6 chuc thvc. hi¢n c6ng tac th6ng ke ph1;lC

V1;l

yeu cdu quan If; cua xa,

phuemg, thi trein; Thvc hi¢n cac cu<;5c di~u tra th6ng ke

ke

eLla

va chi a<;5 baa cao th6ng

nha nu'ac "

t:' ..

~

Th6ng ke xa co cac nhi~m vv sau day:

- Thl,l'c hi~n cac cUQc diSu tra va bao cao th6ng kS thea chuang triOO cong

tac cua phong Th6ng kS huy~n va cung c~p s6 li~u ph\lc V\l ySu c~u lanh de;to cua

UBNDxa.
- LUll trfr co h~ thdng va cung c~p s6 li~ll
- Cong b6 sd li~u
3

{J

..



- ThuOng xuyen cung c6, gift m6i quan h~ m~t thiSt vO'i cac nganh chuyen
mon cua xa va m:;mg lu6i cac hQ diSu tra m&u (nSu co)
UBND xa, phuOng, thi tr~n co trach nhi~m t6 chuc cong tac th6ng ke va b6

-

I "'

tri nguai co du tieu chufrn chuyen mon, nghi~p

Vl,l

lam cong tac th6ng ke thea

chuc danh quy dinh hi~n hanh vS can bQ, cong chuc xa, phuOng, thi trein.
1..

'"

1I. Phlfo'ng phap th3ng ke
1. Qua trinh nghien cuu th3ng ke
Cay-ho:;lt dQng th6ng ke dSu phai tdi qua ffiQt qua trinh gbm nhiSu giai

I

dO:;ln, nhiSu bu&c cong vi~c kS tiSp nhau, co lien quan ch~t nhe v6i nhau. Co thS
khai quat qua trinh nay b~ng ffiQt sa db nhu sau:
Thu th~p thong tin
,
,
(Dieu tra thong ke)

Xli ly thong tin
->?
,
(Tong hqp thong ke)

->

Di~n giai, phan tich thong tin

,

(Phein tich va dl! doan thong ke)

1.1. Di~u tra thBng ke
DiSu tra th6ng ke la vi~c t6 chuc mQt cach khoa hQc v6i ffiQt kS hO:;lch
th6ng nh~t vi~c thu th~p, ghi chep ngubn tai li~u th6ng ke ban d~u vS hi~n tU9'llg
nghien Clm trong diSu ki~n C\l thS vS thai gian, khong gian.

- Y nghia cua diSu tra th6ng ke:
DiSu tra th6ng ke la giai do~ dAu cua qua trinh nghien Clm th6ng ke
nh~ffi: thu th~p s6 li~u mQt cach khoa hQc, co kS hO:;lch vS hi~n tUQng nghien

Clm thea h~ th6ng chi tieu da dugc xac dinh tru6c.
Tai li~u thu th~p dugc la co sa dS tiSn hanh cac bu6c tiSp theo.

Dung lam co sa dS danh gia, dl)' bao...

- D~c diSm cua diSu tra th6ng ke:

Quan sat s6 Ian: cung hk quan sat, ghi chep nhiSu hi~n tugng, cac dan vi

Jt.
~

rieng Ie ca bi~t rbi t6ng hqp rut ra kSt lu~n chung
TiSn .hahh thea nQi dung, phuong phap khoa hQc th6ng nh~t
ThuOng co ph:;lm vi rQng, quan h~ trl)'c tiSp dSn qu~n chung

~\ :;

L

- Yeu c~u cua diSu tra th6ng ke:
Cung c~p thong tin th6ng ke trung th\fc, chinh xaC,khaCfl quan, d~y du,
kip thai

va l11inh b?ch.

Cac yeu c~u tren cua s6 li~u th6ng ke co quan h~ m~t thiSt v&i nhau,

trg nhau khong thS thiSu mQt yeu c~u nao.
- Cac IO:;li diSu tra th6ng ke:

+ Can ell' vaG 1111111 tlllrc di~u tra cIlia ra 11ai lo?i:
4,

h6


a. Bao cao th6ng ke dinh kY (l~p bao cao tu s6 li~u ghi chep ban delu).
b. DiSu tra chuyen mon
-

La hinh thuc diSu tra khong thuemg xuyen

I

Ap

;J

t

~

..

d\lng d6i vai nhiing hi~n tUQ'llg khong c6 diSu ki~n thu th~p s6 li~u

bfu1g ~h~ dQ bao cao dinh kY.

Truac khi diSu tra phai c6 Phuang an diSu tra (la van ban quy dinh nhiing
v~n dS ckn giai qu~t ho~c ccln duqc th6ng nh~t, nhiing v~n dS vS chuful bi va t6
chuc trong toan bQ cUQC diSu tra). Phuang an g6m co: M\lc dich diSu tra, d6i
tuqng diSu tra, dan vi diSu tra, nQi dung diSu tra, thai ky va thai diSm diSu tra,
biSu m~u diSu tra va giai thich cach ghi biSu, k~ ho~ch diSu tra.

+ Can cu vao tinh lien wc hay khong lien t\lC khi thu th~p s6 li~u chia ra:
a. DiSu. tra thuemg xuyen: La thu th~p tai li~u mQt cach lien t\lc, dinh

ky

thea thai gian.
b. DiSu tra khong thuong xuyen: Khong quy dinh vao mQt thai gian OO~t
dinh rna ph\l thuQc vao yeu celu m6i cUQc diSu tra;

+ Can ell' vao ph~ vi diSu tra chia ra diSu tra toan bQ va diSu tra khong
toan be)
a. DiSu tra toan bQ: La thu th~p tai li~u cua t6ng thS diSu tra khong 10':1i tm
mQt don vi nao, tuy OOien lo~i diSu tra nay doi hoi chi phi 1611.

VD: T6ng diSu tra dan s6, t6ng diSu tra nong thon, nong nghi~p va thuy
san.
b. DiSu tra khong toan bQ: La thu th~p tai li~u cua mQt s6 don vi duqc
chQn ra trong t6ng thS chung OO~m daOO gia d~c diSm cua hi~n tUqhg nghien
cuu, chi phi diSu tra th~p han OOiSu so vai diSu tra toan bQ.
DiSu tra khong toan bQ chia ra: DiSu tra ch9n mftu; DiSu tra tn;mg di~m;
DiSu tra chuyen dS.

~'

- Cac phuong phap thu th~p tai li~u trong diSu tra th6ng ke:

+ Thu th~p tnJc ti~p
+ Thu th~p gian ti~p


i~
w

- Nhfrng sai s6t thuemg g~p trong diSu tra th6ng ke:


+ Sai s6t do chu quan cua diSu tra vien
+ Sai s6t do t6 chuc diSu tra
- MQt s6 kinh nghi~m khi ph6ng v~n cae hQ (dan vi) diSu tra

+ Ccln giai thich r6 m\lc dich, yeu celu di~u tra d6i vai dan V! diSu tra;
5

T

..
.,.:

,.-.­

i"li"1111 V ~11!:>. ~~\,;rl ~l

pnle"Q. ~le~

lf~ ~C llU:U11C UCUI "'~'" ~Ull V ~ ~~, AJ.~Q.J.,

+ C6 phu<1I1g phap phong van thich hqp dBi vo; m8i dan vi di~u ~;
+·C6 $lg phb 000 d6i vo; cac h{> (nSu kinh phi cho phep) da dQng vien
va tartg them trachnhi~m Clla dan vi di~u tra khi khai bao.
1.2. TAng h(}1J th8ng ke
Sau k~t qua clia qua trinh di~u tra th6ng ke nguCri ta thu dugc OOiing tai
li~u tren. m8i dan vi tAng thS. Da c6 thS neu len m{>t sB djc tnmg chung clia tAng

th8 thi phai tAng hqp cac tai li~u do.
TAng hgp ;hBng ke la giai do~ thll' 2 clia qua triOO nghien CUu th6ng ke
tihfun chinh Iy, h~ thBng hoa mQt cach khoa hQc cac tai li~u ban dAu thu th~p
dugc trong di~u tra thBng ke, biSn cac djc tnrng ca hiet clia timg dan vi .tAng tha
.,
.,
.,
thanh cac d~c diem chung cua tUng be} ph~ va toan be} tong the 'l1:ghien cUu.
TAng hgp th6ng. ke mQt cach khoa hQc la co sa dS phan dch dUng din ban chAt
cua hi~n tUgng nghien clm.

Phuang phap chli ySu dS tAng hgp tiLi lieu- th6ng ke Ia phan tA thBng ke.
"'~'
:.,~ ..-',"',;..<~: .·~I
Phan to thong ke la vi~c t~p hgp cac don·vj'cua tong the co d~c diem giong nhau
hojc gful giBng OOau vao mQt tA.
A
h
:.
A. ~
,
~
4-L .,
h h~
, .
Tong gp thong ke·co the ben hanh hang IUU c,ong .,ay va.flg J1lay..
.... ........
TAnghgp h~g thli cong la vi~c phan lo~i, ghi dAu, aSm,...
"'-.,

"

I

•.

A'

"

_-;..

" '.;::-" _

' ,..... ,

....

..

.."<'

.'

_.,

'.

,

A

TAng hgp h~g may vi tiOO la viec nh~p thong tindi~u tra dugc vao may
vi tinh, sau do may se tg dQng phan lo~i, tAng hgp theQ mQt chuang triOO phful
m~m dti duQ'c I~p va cai vao may.

HiOO thll'c tA chll'c tAng hgp thBng ke co tha tAng hgp timg cAp tir dum len
tren ho~c giao cho mQt sB trung tam may tiOO ~p trung theo khu vgc ho~c kSt
hgp cahai.
KSt qua tAng hgp thBng ke duqc trinh hay hfutg hang thBng ke.
A

,.~

1.3. Phao tich ya d., doao th80g ke
Phantich va dv hao thBng ke duQ'c hiSu Ia vi~c neu len mQt cach tBng hgp
han chAt va tiOO quy lu~t cua hi~n tugng va qua trinh kiOO tS - xti hQi va tinh toan
cac InucPhful tich thBng ke liL giai do~ ~uBi cimg Clla q~a trinh nghien ~lru th6ng ke.

Phan dch thBng ke chinh la hUn cho "con sB hiSt noi" '.'- c=

- NQi dung phan dch thBng ke

'-.4>

Tuy theo yeu c~u nghien clru, nQi dung phful tfch thBng ke co thS khac nhau:
6


co me pnan tIcn tong nqp t1nh -h1nn noap tnann Ke no~cn, t1nn hlnhphat
triSnkinh tS,'xiihQi cua'mQt dia p~uang hoJc'ca nuac. Co thS phan dch chuyen
dS mQt hi~n tuqng riao do.
- Nhiing vfut dS co ban khi phan tich thBng ke:
+ Phai dlJa van cae duemg IBi chinh sach Clia Dang, Nha nuac de phan tich.

=

+ Phai xay d\lllg C\l thS yeu cdu nghien Cll'll khi phan dch.
+ Phai can cu vao sB li~u thBng ke co dQ tin c~y cao da thu th~p dugc va

~

phan'dch trong mBi ring bUQc giita cac hi~n tirqng.
+ Phai I\la chQJ1 phuong phap va tai Ii~u thich hqp vai m\lC dich phan tich.
+ Phai xac dinh va tinh toan h~ thBng chi tieu phan tich thich hqp v6i nQi

dung _phan tich.
+ D\l bao triSn vQng cua hi~n tUQ1lg, rUt ra kSt h$l, kiSn nghi.
2. Phuong phap phan ncb mi}t s8 chi tieu thang ke.
2.1.

sa tuy~t d8i.

*' Khai nl~m:

sA !Uy~t d8i trong th6ng ke la muc dQ biSu hi~n quy mo, khBi

luQl1g cua hi~n tUQl1g trong diSu ki~n thai gian va dia diSm Cl) thS.

* DJc diSm:
,

,
,
- ]\.1·ai so tuy~t doi trol1g thOIlg

,

ke bao ham rnQt nQi dung kinh te - xa hQi c\i

thS trong diSu ki~~ thai gian va dia diSm nhdt dinh.
-Cac sB tuy~t dBi trong thBng ke khong phai la mQt con sB qugc
h!a chon my
,­

y, ma phiLi qua diSu tra thBng ke va tBng hgp mQt cach khoa hQ,t.
* Cac lo~ sB tuy~t dBi:
'
-SB tuy~t

dBi thm k)r: Pharr

arm quy mo, khBi IUQ1lg cuahi~n tugng nghien

CUll trong dQ dfli thm gian nhdt dinh. No hinh thanh thong qua S\l dch lily vS

luQl1g cua hi~n tUQl1g trong

suBt thm gian nghien Clm.

VD: San luQl1g lua do xii A san xUdt ra trong nam 20091a 30.000 tfut.

- SB tuy~t dBi th?Ji 'diSm: Pharr arm quy mo, khBi luQ1lg cua hi~n tUQl1g nghien
Clm vao mQt thai diSm nhdt dinh. SB tuy~t dBi thai diSm chi phan arm tinh hinh
cua hi~n tugng t~i mQt thai diSm mlo do, tru6c hoJc' sau tr~g thai do hi~n tUQl1g
dii thay dBi khac. Do v~y,
"'.,

muBn co s6 tUy~t dBi thai diSm chinh xac~ phai quy
. , , '

dinh thai diem l1Q'P ly va phai to chuc dieu tra kip tl1cri.
VD: TBng
nguoi.
2.2.

sB

""

dan Vi~t Nam vao luc 0 gia ngay 01/4/2009 1~:8-P.846.997

sa tUO'Dg dBi
7

...


*Khai ni~m: 86 tuong d6i trong th6ng ke bi~u hi~n quan h~ so sanh gifra hai
mue dQ ella hi~n tuqng nghien eUu. Do la kSt qua cua vi~e so sanh gifra hai chi
tieu th6ng ke cung 10:;li nhung khac nhau v~ di~u ki~n thcri gian hay khong gian,

I .

ho~c gifra hai chi tieu th6ng ke khae 10:;li nhung co lien quan dSn nhau.

VD: Gia tri san xu~t Nang nghi~p eua xa A nam 2010 so v6i nam 2009 bing

115%

* Ca~ lo?i s6 rong d6i:
Q.

S6 tuang iloi ar}ng thai

La kSt qua so sanh hai mue dQ cung 10:;li cua hi~n tuqng

a hai thai kY hay hai

thai di~m khae nhau, s6 tuong d6i dQng thai phan anh hi~n sg phat tri~n ella hi~n

tuqng qua thai gian.
t=

C6ng thue:

li x100 hay

t=

Yo

2i
Yo

t: 86 tuong d6i dQng thai

Yl: Mire dQ ky nghien elm.
Yo: Mue dQ ky g6c.
VD : Di~n tich gieo tr6ng cay hang nam ella mQt dia phuong nam 2009 la

200.000 ha, nam 2010 la 220.000 ha. Ta tinh dugc s6 tuong d6i d(>ng thai:
1

b.

=

220.000 xlOO = 110%
200.000

hay 1,1 l~n

S6 luang il6i ki hor;zch: Dugc dung d~ l~p cae kS hO:;leh va ki~m tra tinh

hinh thge hi~n kS ho?eh. Co hai 10:;li s6 tuong d6i kS hO:;leh:

.

-­

b 1. 86 tuang d6i nhi~m V\l kS ho?ch: la kSt qua so sanh gifra mlfe d(> efut d:;tt t6'i
eua chi tieu nao do trong kY kS hO:;lch v6i mue d(> thge tS eua chi tieu ~y cr ky g6c.
Cong thuc:

K == YK xIOO
17

))0

t..
'

~

.

Kn : 86 tuang d6i nhi~m V\l kS hO:;lch
Yk : Mue d(> kS hO:;leh

Yo: Muc d(> thgc tS ky g6c so sanh

8,



VD : Di~n tieh gieo tr6ng cay hing nam eua xa Hung Thfulg nfun 2010 Ii
200.000 ha, k~ ho~eh dV ki~n nam 2011 Ii 210.000 ha. S6 tuang d6i nhi~m V\l
k~ ho~eh vS di~n tieh gieo tr6ng cay hing nam Ii:

~

K = 210.000 xlOO = 105% hay 1 05 l~n
200.000

n

'

6;:

b2. S6 tuang d6i hoan thinh k~ ho~eh: k~t qua so sanh gifra mile dQ

'i

kY thve

t~ vi mile dQ kY k~ ho~eh.
~

Cong thuc:

K ==
(

1l.. x lOO
.

Yk

K T : S6 tuang d6i th1,fe hi~n (hoin thinh) k~ ho~eh
YI : Mile dQ kY thve t~

Yk : Mile dQ ky k~ ho~eh.
VD : Gia S11 k~t thue nam 2011, di~n tieh gieo tr6ng cay hang nam eua

xa

Hung Th~ng nam 2011 Ii 220.000 ha. V~y ph~n tram hoim thinh k~ ho~eh eua

xa Hung Th~ng nam 2011

hi:

=

K

220.000 xl 00 = 104 76%

(210.000

c.

86 tuang d6i kit cdu:

'

Xae dinh ty trQng eua m6i bQ ph?n

du thanh trong

mQt t6ng thS. S6 tuang d6i k~t e~u Ii k~t qua so sanh tri s6 tuy~t d6i eua tung bQ
ph~n vai trj s6 tuy~t d6i eua ea t6ng thS.

S6 tuang
d6i k~t e~u(%)

==

S6 tuy~t d6i eua bQ ph?n

x 100

S6tuy~td6ieuat~ngth~

VD: T6ng dan s6 ea nu6e (vio 0 gia ngiy 01/4/2009) Ii 85.846.997 ngl.lai,
~

trong do nam Ii 42.413.143 nguai, nil Ii 43.433.854 nguai => ta se co hai s6

tuetng d6i kSt c~u:
Ty I~ nam trong t6ng
dan

s6

Ty I~ nil trong t6ng
dan

s6

?

42.413.143
85.846.997

43.433.854
85.846.997

."

x
x

100
100

49,4%

==

~

51,6%

T6ng eQng cae s6 tuong d6i k~t c~u trong eung mQt t6ng thS phai b~ng 100%

9


r.



d.

,
-

s6 tuong

d6i cuimg de}: la bi~u hi~n trinh dQ ph6 biSn cua hi~n tm;mg

trong di~u ki~n lich sil nhftt dinh. S6 tuong d6i cUOng dQ la kSt qua so 8anh muc
~

d<) eua hai hi~n tUQ11g khac nhau nhung co quan h~ vo·i nhau.
Hinh thuc bieu hi~n cua 86 tuong d6i cUOng dQ la don vi kep ( do don vi cua

,"';

til va m~u s6 hgp thanh)
~

S6 tuy~t d6i cua hi~n
j

S6tuong

tUQ11g A

d6i cUOng dQ

S6 tuy~t d6i cua hi~n
tUQ11g B

VD: M~t dQ dan 86,86 bac sy tren 1000 dan, ...

d.S6 tuang d6i kh6ng gian: bieu hi~n quan h~ so sanh giua cac hi~n tUQ11g

cling 10~i nhung khac nhau v~ khong gian ho?c gifra hai bQ ph~ trong cling mQt
t6ng the.

VD: So smh gifra di~n tich d~t gieo tr6ng cay hang nam cua xa A so v&i xa

B; so sanh di~n tich gieo tr6ng cay hang nam v\l xuan so vai V\l he thu
2.3. SB truog bloh (sB blob quao)
S6 binh quan trong th6ng ke bieu hi~n muc dQ d~i bi~u theo mQt tieu thuc
nao do trong mQt dan vi t6ng th~.
a. Trung binh ce}ng giim dan: Tinh b~ng cong thuc s6 hung binh cQng trong

-f;x7n

----------t-oan fiQc-----------~--~t+-*r+-=+xn hay; =
n

i=l

Trong do: ~ la s6 binh quan

Xi (

i = 1,2, .... n) la cac lUQ11g biSn


n: 1a s6 dan vi t6ng th~

VD: Cho tai li~u v~ nang suftt lao dQng (NSLD) eua cong nhan lTIQt t6 g6m 7
cong nhan nhu salt:
\~

-'\.­

Cong nhan

A

B

C

D

E

NSLD (san ph~m)

50

51

53

55

60

x= 50 + 51 + 55 + 60 + 63 + 67 = 57 san phim
7

10,

. f'

63

G

67


f)i~u ki~n v~ dVng: dung d~ tinh muc dO binh quan gian don cua cac

chi tieu khi tai li~u thu th~p chi co it, khong co phan t6, t~n s& cua cac Iuqng
-

I

bi~n d~u bfulg mot ho~c b~ng nhau.

~

b. Trung binh c¢ng gia quy~n: Su dVng khi cac Iugng bi~n co thS g~p nhi~u
l~n, v&i

~
-

x

'";'

t&n s6 khac nhau
n

Ix;./;

= x]~ + x,J;
- + ... + xnfn

hay ~ = ;=~

.

~+f2+···+fn

= IM; I f;

If;

(d~t M;

= x/f;)

i=l

Trong do:

fi (i = 1,2, ,n) Ia quy~n s6 (tAn s&)

Xi (

i = 1,2,

n) Ia cac Iuqng bi~n


~ Ia s6 binh quan

-> Binh quan cQng giim don Ia mot truang hQ'P cua binh quan cong gia quySn

khi f] == f 2 == ••• = f n•
VD: Co tai Ii~u vS di~n tfch va nang su~t thu ho~ch t~i xa K trong thing 6/2010
nhu sau:
Nang suat thu ho~ch (tan/ha)

Ten than

Di~n

tich (ha)

A

5

200

B

7

400

C

6

500

D

6,5

300

E

8,5

600

T6ng

2.000

Tinh nang su~t thu ho~ch binh quan cua xa K trong thang 6/2010.

If

Giai: Sir dVng congthuc tren ta tinh duQ'c nang su~t Ilia thu ho~ch binh quan Ia:

~ -= 5x200 + 7 x400 + 6x500 + 6,5x300 + 8,5x600

2.000

= 6 925

t~n/ha

'

c. Trung binh c¢ng di~u hod
Do khong co s~n tai Ii~u vS s6 don vi t6ng th~ => phai dva vaG cac tai Ii~u
khac d~ dnh (khong co £1. chi co Xi, xiii)

* S6 binh quan di~u hoa gia quySn: D?t

11

M , = X,!,

?

4


n

X

,- -

=

All +M 2 + ... +M n
M
Al?
M hay x
1
_+
__ + ... +_n

Xl

Xi

X?_

IA1;
= _'==]_~_~~
1
I-M
n

Xn

1=]

X

I

(i=l ,2,...,n) cae luqng biSn

~: s6 binh cn:an
VD: Co tai li~u v~ san luqng va nang su~t thu ho~eh t~i xa A trong thang 6/2010

nhu sau:
Nang su~t thu ho~eh (tfuvha)

Ten thon

San luqng (tan)'

A

5

1.000

B

7

2.800

C

6

3.000

D

6,5

1.950

E

8,5

~

100
I

Tinh nang suat thu ho~eh binh quan eua xa A trong thang 6/2010.

Sir d\lng cong thue tren:
N--

~t

ang sua

b'nh
1

"-

1.000+2.800+3.000+1.950+5.100

-

quan - 1.000 2.800 3.000 1.950 5.100 --+--+--+--.+-­
5

7

6

6,5

6 02 t~n/h
,

a

a

8,5

* S6 binh quan di~u hoa gian don

Trong truong hqp M 1 = M 2 =....= M n (Mi b~ng nhau) thi ta co:

x

=

n

n: s6 cae luqng biSn

-17-~1

I­
1=1

X,

~ : s6 binh quan

I l : d~i luqng nghieh dao eua luQng biSn Xi
Xi

Vi dV: Hai t6 eong nhan cling sim xu~t mQt lo~i san phc1m trong thai gian
=~
'",

-\;j

nhu nhau. Trong t6 1 m6i eong nhan san xu~t ffiQt san phc1m hSt 15 phut,

at6 hai

m6i eong nhan san xu~t ffiQt san phc1m hSt 18 phut. Hay tinh thai gian hao phi
binh quan d@ san xu~t mQt san phc1m eua eong nhan 2 t6.

Giiii: vi d\l tren cho ta biSt

LUQ'ng biSn Xi : 18. thai gian hao phi eua m6i eong nhan d@ san xu~t ra 1 don
vi san phc1m.
T6ng luQ'ng biSn lvi, =

xJ;: T6ng thai gian hao phi d~ san xu~t ra san phc1ro.
12 \


¢

Chua bi~t fi: s6 lUQng san phc1m m6i cong nhan san xu~t. Ap dVng cong

thuc ta co:
:;

x

=

2 1 = 16,36 phut
-+15

d.

.

:lI_
:::

l~

18

s6 binh qudn nhdn

La s6 hinh quan cua nhUng d~i lUQ'llg co quan h~ tich s6 v&i nhau.

* S6 hinh quan nhan gian dan

~=
Trong do:

V

X !.X 2 .X3

Xi (i =

···xn

~= ~nXi

hay

1,2,...,n) cac lUQ'llg hiSn


~: s6 hinh quan

n: kY hi~u tich s6

VD: T6c dQ phcit triSn cua mQt xa vS t6ng s6 nhan khc1u hinh quan ca nfun


nhu sau:

Nam 2004 so v6'i nam 2003 = 116%

Nam 2005 so v6i nam 2004 = 111 %

Nam 2006 so v&i nam 2005 = 112%

Nam 2007 so v6i nam 2006

==

113%


Naill 2008 so v&i nam 2007 == 112%

NalTI 2009 so v&i nam 2008 == 111 %

Hay tinh t6c dQ phcit triSn hang nam vS s6 nhan khc1u binh quan ca nam.
Ap d\lng cong thuc trcn ta co:

~ = V1,16x1,11x1,12x1,13x1,12x1,11 = 1, 125 hay 112,5%

* s6 hinh quan n1}an gia quySn:

Khi cac luqng hi~n Xi co cac t~n s6 fj khac nhau, ta co cong thuc s6 binh quan

nhan gia quySn:

-X
= ~x
Ji X 12 X 1
l· 2 • 3

3

2.4. Day

X In
••• n

=L

1n

X J,
i

sa thiri gian

2.4.1. KI,lii ni?m

Day s6 thai gian la day cac s6 li~u th6ng kc cua hi~n tuqng nghicn cuu
duQ'c s~p x~p thea thu t\I thai gian. Day s6 thai gian cho ta hi~t hinh anh bi~n

dQng eua hi~n tuqng nghien clru.
13

::­

~.


VD 1: C6 tai li~u

vS

san luqng lila thu ho?eh trong ella mqt dia phuong

qua cae nalTI nhu sau:
..

I '


Thai gian

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

San lUQTIg lila (t~n)

2080

2410

2800

3030

3500

Day so thai gian gam 2 phan:

-=

- Ph~n ehi tieu: Quy rno, kh6i luqng, t6e dq phat tri~n ella hi~n tUQTIg qua

~~

thai gian. Mile d<) cua chi tieu dugc kY hi~u la Yi

- Ph§.n thai gian: Ngay, thang narn
YSu t6 thai gian du<)'e 5~P xSp thea thil t\! thai gian kS tiSp nhau, e6 th~ la
ngay, tu~n, thang, quy, nam.
2.4.2. Phlin IOf!.i day

sa thm gian

- Day 56 thai k)r: Bi~u hi~n quy rno, kh6i lUQTIg eua hi~n tUQTIg trong tUng
khoang thai gian nh~t dinh
- Day 56 thai di~m: Bi~u hi~n quy rno, kh6i lUQTIg eua hi~n tUQTIg t?i nhfrng
thai diSm nh~t dinh.

VD2: C6 tai li~u

vS tinh hinh t6n kho eua m<)t HTX X trong quy I

nam

2010 nhu sau:

1-2

1-1

Ngay/thang
Gia tri hang ton kho

35,6

(tri~u d6ng)
2.4.3. Cae cfti tieu pftlin tich day

1-3

36,4

37

1-4
r
3 ),~
}

sa thm gian

2.4.3.1. Mute up binh quan tl1eo thO'i gian: phan anh mue

dO d~i

di~n

mile dq tuy~t d6i eua day thai gian
•

nJi

Vu; dav sa thm kv
n

y == ==

YI + Y2 + ... + Yn
n

'v

~"J

-1=]- ­

n

-..

\\~
..~

Trang d6 Yi (i = 1,2,... ,n) la eae mile <1q ella day 56 th.ai k5'

n: 56 eae mile dq nghien elm
.
y : lTIUC dQ binh quan thea thai gian
VD: Tu VD 1 ta co :

14 \


I

cho cac


y

=

2080 + 2410 + 2800 + 3030 + 3500
5

• lJai vOi diiv

=2764 t~n

sa thiti diJnt

Diiv s6 thai diim co khoang each thai gian bang nhau bi~t tri s6 cua tieu

,

~.

!

thuc a rnQt thai di~ln

.?: Y
n-l

y=

(Y1 + YnJ{ +

Y;{ + Y2 + ... + Yn-l + Yj{

i

1=2

n-l

n-l

y : tuue dQ binh quan thea thai gian

Yi: la cac muc dQ cua day s6 thai diSm co thai gian bllng nhau


n: s6 cac muc dQ nghien cUu.

35,% + 36,4 + 37 + 35,%,

Tu VD2 tren: Y =
2
4 -1
2 =36,27 tri~u d6ng

=> tri gia hang t6n kho binh quan hang thang la 36,27 tri~u d6ng

- Vai diiy s6 thili diim co khoang each thai gian kh6ng bang nhau, biSt lugng

biSn a InQi thai di~m

y

= Y1(1
_ _+

_Y2(2
---=..--=--_
+ .,.
_~~~'L
+ Yntn 11

+ 12 + ... + t

I

n

yJi
~

_l
11

'"'
L-./ t.

l1

1

1

(trong do ti (i== 1,2,... ,n) la khoang thai gian

co mire d<) Yi(i=l ,2,... n»).­

VD: Co tai li~u v~ s6'lao dQng cua mQt h9P tac xa trong thang 4/2010nhu sau:
Ngay 1/4 co 400 nguai
Ngay 10/4

nh~n

thelTI 5 nguai

Ngay 15/4 nh~n thelTI 3 ngu'O'i
Ngay 21/4, 2 nguai thoi vi~c va
nam 2010

!

tu do cho d~n hSt thang 4 (30/4)

s6 lao dQng khong thay d6i
¢

Yeu c~u: tinh s6 lao dQng binh qWln thang 4/2010.

Giili: Tir bai cho ta co
Thai gian

I

Khoang cach thai gian (ti)
15

I

S6 lao dong (Yi)


~

Til 1/4 d~n 9/4/2010

9

400

Tu 10/4 den 14/4/2010
Tu 15/4 dSn 20/4/2010
Tu 21/4 den 30/4/2010

5

405

6

408

10

406

y~y

so lao dQng

binh quan thang 4 nam 2010 la:

y

=

400 x9 + 405 x5 + 408 x6 + 406 xlO

9 + 5 + 6 + 10

=404 lao dQng

2.4.3.2. Llf(1ng tling giam tuy?t ilai

a. Llf(1ng tling (giam) tuy?t itai lien Itoan: Phim anh S\l biSn dQng vS mue

dQ tuy~t d6i giua 2 thai 10' liSn OOau va dUQ'e tiOO theo eong thue sau:

0;
Trong do:

= Y; -

Yi-l (v6i i = 2, 3... ,n)

Yi Ii muc dQ a thai gian i

Yi-l : La lTIUC de) a thairgian i-I

0; : luqng tang (ho~e giam) tuy~t d6i lien hoan & thOi gian i so
v6i thai gian liSn tru6e do i-I
NSu Yi > Yi-l thi
NSu Yi < Yi-l thi
VD:

0; >0 phan aOO quy mo eua hi~n tuqng tang
0; <0 phan aOO quy mo eua hi~n tuqng giam

tu s6 li~u VD 1 ta co:
O2 =

Y2 - YI = 2410 - 2080 =330 (t~n)

03 = Y3 - Y2 = 2800 -

0 4 = Y4 -

2410 = 390 (tfuI)

Y3 = 3030 - 2800 = 230 (tful)

3500 - 3030 = 470 (t~n)
b. Llf(1ng tling (giam) tuy?t itai itinh gac: Phan aOO mue dQ tuY~t'd6i trong

85 = Ys - Y4 =

nhfing khoang thai gian dai

va dU'gc tiOO thea c6ng thuc sau

Lli
==y
i -y
I
Trong do:

V'··
01 1 = 12
, ,... ,n

Yi: la mue dQ tuy~t d6i

a thai gian i
YI: la mue dQ tuy~t d6i a thai gian d~u
~i: luqng tang giam tuy~t d6i diOO g6e &thai gian i so

v6i thai gian d~u eua day s6.
Til VD A ta co:

~2 = Y2 - YI

= 2410 - 2080 = 330 (t~n)

~3 = Y3 - YI

=

2800 - 2080 = 720 (t§n)
16'


~4 = Y4 - Yl = 3030 - 2080 = 950 (tcln)
~s= Ys- Yl = 3500 - 2080 = 1420 (tcln)

c. LU'f/1'lg tling (giam) tUYit itai binll qulin: pharr anh mue dQ d~i di~n ella

cae luc;mg tang (ho~e giam) tuy~t d6i lien hoan va duge tinh theo eong thue


sau:

8

= 82 +83 + ... +8n =~ = Yn n-l

Yl
n-l

n-l

3500 - 2080
,

Tu VDl tren ta co: 8 =
5 -1
= 355 tan

Tue la trong giai do~n tir 2006 d~n 2010 sfm lugng Ilia dfi tang binh quan

hang nam la 355 t&n.


2.4.3.3. Tac itv phat triin
T6e dQ phcit triSn la lo~i chi tieu tuang d6i dQng thai, biSu hi~n S\l thay d6i
eua hi~n tugng thea thm gian. Tuy thea m\le dich nghien elm co hai lo~i t6e dQ
phat triSn sau:

a. Tac av phat triJn lien hoan (tj): Phan anh t6e dQ va xu hu6ng bi~n dQng

ella hi~n tugng giiia 2 thai ky liSn nhau (tinh bfutg Ifrn ho~e %)

(

Yi

, =

Y

Yi

hay (, ==

Y

i-I

xlOO (vai i == 2,3, ... ,n)

i-I

Yj: mue dQ tuy~t d6i thai gian i

Yi-': mue dQ tuy~t d6i thai gian i-I
tj: t6e dQ phcit triSn lien hoan thai gian i so v6i thai gian i-I
Tir VDl ta co: t2 = Y2/Yl

=

2410/2080 = 1,159 1fin hay 115,9%


t3 :=;. Y3/Y2

=

2800/241 0 = 1,162 lfin hay 116,2%


Y4/Y3

=

3030/2800 = 1,082 1fin hay 108,2%


t4

=

ts = Ys/Y4 = 3500/3030 = 1,155 lfin hay 115,5%

b. Tac itV pl'llit triJn itjnll gac (T j) : Phan anh t6e dQ va xu hu6ng bi~n:dQng

eua hi~n tugng gifra nhUng khoang thai gian dai
T, = ~hay T = ~xl00
1

Yl

(v6i i = 2,3,... ,n)

Yl

T j: t6e dQ phcit triSn dinh g6c thai gian i v&i thai gian dfru ella day s6 va co

th~ biSu hi~n b~ng s6 l~n ho?e ph~n tram.
17

.J

•


Til VDl ta co: T2 = Y2/Yl = 2410 I 2080 = 1,159 IAn hay 115,9%

T3 = yiYl = 2800 12080 = 1,346 IAn hay 134,6%

T4 = yJYl = 3030 I 2080 = 1,457 IAn hay 145,7%

Ts = YS/Yl ~ 3500 I 2080 = 1,683 IAn hay 168,3%

c. rae ilp phdt tri2n binh qufln: phan 3nh muc dQ d~i di~n cua cac t6c dQ phat
tri~n lien hoim

nifT: ==

t == n-4t 2 t 3 ••• t n
3500
- - 5_1/
t • 2080

Tit VDI ta co:

= ~1,683 = 1,139

n-"l/ Yn
YI
hay 113,9%

T6c dQ phat triBn biOO quan himg nam v~ san Iuqng Ilia = 1,139 Ian hay 113,9%
2.4.3.4. rae tIP tang hope giam
Chi tieu nay phan anh qua thai gian hi~n tuqng dti tang ho~c giam bao nhieu
IAn ho~c bao OOieu phAn tram. Tuy thea m\lC dich, co thB tinh cac t6c dQ tang
ho~c

giam sau:

a. rae ilp tang hope giam lien hoan: Phan 3nh t6c dQ tang ho~c giam a-thai
gian i so vm thai gian i-I

a. =

8.I

Y; - Y;-1

I

Yi-l

t

= ;-

1

(ho~c

"

ti- 100(%) neu t tinh b~g %)....

Yi-l

b. rae ilp tang hope giam ilinh gae: phan 3nh t6c dQ tang ho~c giam athai

gian i so vm gian dAu trong day sB
Ai = A; = Y; - Yl = T; -1 (ho~ Ti-l00 (%) neu T tiOO bing %).
Yl

~

Yl

e. rae ilp. tang hope giam binh qufln: phan 3nh tBc dQ tang ho~c giam d~i
di~n cho cac tBc dQ_tang ho~c giam lie.? holm


a

=t-

1 (hay

a

=t -1 00(%) neu t tinh b~g %)


2.4.3.5. Gid tTi tUYft ilai eua 1% tae tIP tang hope giiim lien hoan'

Chi tieu nay phan 3nh cu 1% tang (giam) cua tBc dQ tang (ho~c giam) lien
hoim thi tuong tcng v6"i mQt tri sB tuy~t dBi Ia bao OOieu.
18

8.1

8./

gj

= a(!o)

~xIOO

100

Yi-l

gz = y l 1100 = 2080/100 = 20,8 tAn tuc Ii cu 1% tang

Tu VD1 ta co:

len cua narn 2007 so v6i narn 2006 thi tuang ilng 20,8 d.n
3. Phllo-ng phap trinh bay s6 i~u th6ng ke.
3.1.

Bang th6ng ke

*Khai ni~rn: Bang th6ng ke la rnQt hinh thuc trinh bay cac tii li~u th6ng ke
rnQt cach co h~ th6ng, hQP ly va r6 rlmg nhfun bi~u hi~n cac d~c tnmg v8 rn~t
luqng ciia tAng th~ nghien Clm.
* cAu thanh bang th6ng ke:

- V8 hinh threc: Bang th6ng ke g6rn tieu d8 v8 cac hang ngang, cQt 'dQc dugc

dcinh s6 thre tv, cac 0 giao nhau dung d~ ghi s6 li~u.
- V8 nQi dung: Bang g6rn hai phful, phful chu d8 va phful giai thich.

+ Phful chii d8 neu len d6i tu<;mg nghien Clm eua bang th6ng ke va thuOng.
duqe

d~t (y

vi tri ben trai eua bang.

+ PhAn giai thich g6rn cac chi tieu giai thich cac d~c di~rn ciia d6i tugng
nghien Clm, nghla la giai thich phAn chu dS cua bang, thuOng dugc d~t phia tren
eua bang.
* Cach ghi s6 li~u vao bang th6ng ke:

Cac 0 trong bimg th6ng ke dSu co ghi s6 li~u ho~c bing cac ky hi~u quy uo'C

thay th~:

+ DAu (-): Hi~n tugng khong co s6li~u
+ DAu ( ... ): S6 li~u con thi~u, sau nay se b6 sung
+ nAu (X): Hi~n tagng khong lien quan d~n chi tieu do, n~u vi~t s6 li~u vao 6
d6 se vo nghla.
cAu thanh cua bang th6ng ke co th~ bi~u hi~n bing so d6 sau:

Ten bang th6ng ke (tieu d~ chung)

Phful giai thich
~

Ph§n chu d~

," Cae chi tieu giai thieh (Ten cQt)

.---........--~---..,--------.-------,.

1

2

Ten chu dS (Ten hang)

19


3

n

I

~

:. .

Tong so


r

~

_ •.••••• n _••• -

_

_

,

u

.,

-

.,

_ ••••. _

_

••. . - . -

_

.

T6ng s6

I _

Vi d\l: Co bang th6ng ke v~ s61i~u nhan khAu, hQ khAu tren dia ban huy~n X:

,STT
-:

Ten dO'n vi.

sa ho.. dan
(hQ)

TAng dan sB
(ngU'iri)

Trong do

Nam

Nii'

1

Thi trdn Gia Ray

3.527

13.030

6.264

6.'166

2

XaXuanB~c

3.707

18.634

9.259

9.37~

3

Xa Su6i Cao

1.915

8.587

4.639

3.948

4

Xa Xuan Thanh

2.063

8.904

4.541

4.363

5

XaXuan ThQ

4.006

16.843

8.236

8.607

6

Xa Xuan Truong

3.787

16.906

8.175

8.731

7

XftXuanHoa

2.560

11.538

5.673

5.865

8

Xa Xuan Htrng

4.874

23.826

11.704

12.122

9

XaXuan Tam

5.456

25.905

12.705

13.200

10

Xa Su6i Cat

2.577

11.529

5.629

5.900

11

XaXuan Hi~p

3.107

14.238

6.942

7.296

12

XaXuan Phu

3.165

16.448

8.387

8.061

13

XaXuan Dinh

1.716

7.819

3.821

3.998

14

Xii Bao Hoa

2.677

11.527

5.659

5.868

15

Xa Lang Minh

1.607

7.165

3.577

3.588

46.717

212.899

105.211

107.688

..

Tang cQng

Ghi
chii

J

3.2. D8 thi thBng ke

* Khai

ni~m: D6 thi th6ng ke la cac hlnh ve ho?c dUOng net hinh hQc

duQ'c dung dS mieu ta co tinh ch~t quy uac cac tai li~u th6ng ke.

* Y nghia cua d6 thi th6ng ke, d6 thi th6ng ke eo th~ biSu hi~n:

- K~t e~u eua hi~n tuqng thea rnQt tieu thuc nao do.

- S\l' thay d&i eua 11i~11 tU'Q11g tileo th(Ji gian.

20 \
,.:::;

'.~

I

- Tinh 11inh thgc hi~n kS ho?ch.

- M6i lien h~ gifra cac hi~n tuqng.
- S\f so sanh gifra cac ffiUC dQ cua hi~n tugng.

, * Cac lo~i db thi th6ng ke: Bi~u db hinh c9t, biSu db di~n tich, db thi g~p
khuc, ...

21


:

'

..:

t!:


BAI2

_

,,~

A".,

NOI
DUNG BAO CAO THONG KE XA

•
I. Chi tieu bao cao th8ng ke xii
1. Chi tieu th8ng ke xii

Theo Thong tu cua B(> tillang B(>

KS

ho~ch va D~u tu s6 02/20 l1/TT­

BKHDT ngay 10 thang 01 nam 20 11 H~ th6ng chi tieu th6ng ke xa g6m:
STT 1\13

sa

Nh6m, teo chi tieu

Phan ta chu y~u

Ky cong

bB

Machi
tieD c~p
huy~n

01. D~t dai va dan sB

1

XOIOI

2

XOI02

3

XOI03

4

XOI04

5

XOI05

6

XOI06

7

XOI07

8

XOI08

Di~n tich va co c~u ctfrt

Hi~n tr~ng sir d\lng; lo~i dAt

Gi6i tinh;
dan ph6
S6 hQ va co c~u hQ dan Quy rna hQ;
cu
dan ph6
Giai tinh;
S6 tre em m6i sinh
dan ph6
Gi6i tinh;
S6 nguai ch~t
dan phd

Dan s6

then!ap/ban!to
thonlftp/ban/t6
tho n!ftp/banJtc3
thon/Ap/ban!tc3

xuftt Gi6i tinh; than!~p/ban!tc3
cu
dan ph6
S6 cUQc k€t 110n, s6 V\l 1y Th6n/~p/banlt6 dan ph6
hon
So C?P vg chong sinh con

Th6n/Ap/banlt6 dan ph6
thu ba tra len

S6

nguai nh~p

CU,

Nam

HOIOI

Nam

HOlO3

Nam

HOI04

Nam

HOI06

Nam

HOI07

Nam

HOI08

Nam

HOI09,
1-10110

Naln

HOIII

NaIll

H0209,
H0210

2nam

H0204

Nanl

H0213

NaIll

H0214

Nanl

H0221

NaIll

H0301,
H0302;

02. Kinh t~

9
10
11

Thu, chi ngan sach Nha
l1U6c
S6 trang tr<:ti, lao dQng
X0202
trong cae trang tr<:ti
Di~n tich gieo tr6ng cay
X0203
1lang nam
X0201

12

X0204

13

X0205

NQi dung kirm tS; nganh
kirlh t~
LO<:ti hinh trang tr<:ti; qlly
rno
Lo<:ti cay chu ySu

Lo<:ti cay chu y~u; tr6ng
m6i/cho san ph~ln
Lo<:ti thuy san; lo<:ti hinh
Di~n tich nuoi tr6ng thuy
kinh t~; phuong thllC nu6i;
san
10<:ti nu6c
Di~n

tich cay lau nam

:

03. Xii hoi, moi trlf
14

So truOng, lap, phong Lo<:ti hinh; lo?i truOng;
X0301 hQc, s6 giao vien, s6 l1Qc phong hQc phan t6 them
kien c6/han kien c6/nha
.sinh m~n1 non
22 '

H0303


STTI Mil sB

15

16

17
18

19

20

Phan

Nhom, ten chi tieu

t8 chu y~u

t':lID; giao vien, hQc sinh
phan t6 theln gi&i tinh; dan
tQc
Lo~i hinh; lo~i truOng; d~t
chu~n; phong hQc phan t6
S6 truOng, lOp, phbng

them kien c5/ban kien
X0302 hQc, s6 giao vien, 56 hQc c6/nha t~; giao vien phan
sinh ph6 thong ti~u hQc ., t6 them gi6i tinh; dan tQc;
d~t chuin; hQc sinh phan t6
them gi6i tinh; dan tQc
,nhan l\fc y t~ eua tr~
X0303
Gi&i tinh; trinh dQ
y te

S6 tre em dum 1 tuoi

X0304
dugc tiem chung d~y dli
Thon/~p/banJt6 dan ph6
eae lo?i v~c xin
S6 nguOl nghi~n rna tuy Gi6i tinh; nh6m tu6i
X0305
eo h6 sa qU8n Iy
S6 nguOl nhiSm HIV, so
X0306 b~nh nhan AIDS, s5 nguai Thon/ftp/ban/t6 dan ph6
ch~t do AIDS
S61uqng va ty I~ hQ dan
X0307 ell, thonlap/banlt6 dan

ph6 d~t chufin van hoa


sa

21

X0308

22

X0309

23

X0310

S6 h9 dan eu ngheo,
thaat nghea va tii ngheo

Th6n/~p/ban/t6 dan ph6

S6 h9 dan eu, nhan khau
Th6n/~p/ban/t6 dan ph6
thi~u d6i
So hQ va ty l~ hQ dan eu
dung nuo'c s?ch, h6 xi hgp Thon/~p/ban.

Ky cong

bB

Mil chi
tieu c~p

huyen
S

.~

Nam

H030.4,
H0305,
H0306

Nam

H0312

Nam

H0316

Nam

H0317

Nam

H0319

Nam

H0322

Nam

H0324

N~un

H0325

Nam

H0326

Nam

H0328

Khi co
phat sinh,
nam :

H0330

Nfun

H0334


Khi co
pilat sinh,

nanl

H0337


v~

sinh
So nha d?i doan ket, n11a
tinh llghia, nha tiOO
D6i, tu~ng dU<;Jc huang;
thuong gugc xay dvng va
nguon von
ban giao cho cae hQ dan

cu sir d\lng


24

X0311

25

n6 va muc de) I Loal ch'ay no;:,
X0312 I 86O"t"Vh chay,
th1~ l:ll0
0

0

26

X0313

S6 V\l ngugc diii nguai

gia, ph\! nit va tre em

'
trong gia dinh,
V\l da: Th6nJaplbanJt6 dan ph6

sa

duQ'c

27

X0314

I

xu ly

S6 V\l thien tai va mue dQ
thj~t h?i

I Lo~i thien tai

)"l

--'

I

I

..