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Lecture Dynamic business law - Chapter 39: Corporations, directors, officers, and shareholders

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Chapter 39

Corporations: Directors, 
Officers, and 
Shareholders

Copyright © 2015 McGraw­Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw­Hill Education.


Summary of Roles of Directors, Officers, and 
Shareholders


Directors­­








Officers­­






Shareholders­­





Vote on important corporate 
decisions
Appoint and supervise officers
Declare and pay corporate 
dividends
Manage corporation

Run “day­to­day” business of 
firm
Agents of corporation
Elect board of directors
Approve major board decisions
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Fiduciary Duties
Definition:  Duties to corporation that individuals
within corporation have
Primary fiduciary duties include:


Duty of Care



Duty of Loyalty




Duty to Disclose Conflict of Interest
39­3


Exhibit 39­2:  Liability of Directors and 
Officers


Can be held personally liability for their own torts and crimes



Can be held personally liable for torts and crimes of other 
employees they supervise



Can be held liable for wrongful transactions involving 
company stock



Cannot be held liable for decisions that harm company if they 
were acting in good faith at time of decision
39­4


Exhibit 39­3:  Liability of Shareholders



Shareholders liable (to extent of their investment) for debts of 
corporation



Shareholders liable for breach of contract if stock subscription 
agreement signed and no stock purchased



Shareholders liable for watered stock



Shareholders personally liable for receiving illegal dividends

39­5


Summary of Rights of Directors, Officers, and Shareholders


Directors­­









Officers­­



Shareholders­­

Right to Compensation
Right to Participation
Right to Inspection
Right to Indemnification



Rights determined in employment 
contract



Stock certificates
Preemptive rights
Right to Dividends
Right to Transfer Shares
Inspection Rights
Right to Corporate Dissolution
Right to File Derivative Suit
Right to File Direct Suit










39­6


Corporations:  Directors, Officers, 
and Shareholders—Terminology
Quorum (Definition): Minimum number of 
directors necessary to validate corporate 
directors’ meeting

39­7


Corporations:  Directors, Officers, 
and Shareholders—Terminology
Proxy (Definition): Provides authorization 
for third party to vote in place of 
shareholder at shareholders’ meeting

39­8


Corporations:  Directors, Officers, 

and Shareholders—Terminology
Voting Trust (Definition): Agreement between 
stockholder and trustee in which stockholder 
transfers his/her legal share titles to trustee; trustee 
is then responsible for voting for those shares

39­9


Corporations:  Directors, Officers, 
and Shareholders—Terminology
Business Judgment Rule (Definition): 
Provides that directors and officers are not 
liable for decisions that harmed corporation 
if they were acting in good faith at time of 
decision

39­10


Corporations:  Directors, Officers, and 
Shareholders­­Other Relevant Terminology


Stock Subscription Agreement:  Contractually obliges individual to buy 
shares in corporation



Par­Value Shares:  Fixed face value noted on stock certificate




No­Par Shares:  Stock shares without a par value



Watered Stock:  Stock issued below its fair market value



Pre­emptive Rights:  Preferential rights given to existing shareholders to 
purchase shares of new stock issue; preference given in proportion to 
percentage of stock shareholder already owns



Stock Warrants:  Vouchers issued to shareholders, entitling them to given 
number of shares at specified price
39­11


Corporations:  Directors, Officers, and Shareholders­­Other 
Relevant Terminology (Continued):


Dividend:  Distribution of corporate profits/income ordered by directors 
and paid to shareholders in proportion to their respective shares in 
corporation




Inspection Rights:  Protect shareholder interest by giving them right to 
inspect corporation’s books and records after asking in advance to inspect 
and having proper purpose



Right of First Refusal:  Given to existing shareholders to purchase any 
shares of stock offered for resale by shareholder within specified period of 
time



Shareholder’s Derivative Suit:  Filed by corporate shareholder when 
corporate directors fail to sue in situation where corporation has been 
harmed by individual/another corporation
39­12



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