Đổi mới quản lý kinh tế của nhà nước trong bối cảnh mới

MOI TRiriTNG - KINH DOANH D D D D
D6I MOI QUAN L? KINH T ^ CCIA NHA NI/OC TRONG BOI CANH MOI
Nguyin Minh Phong *
Han 10 ndm truoc, thi gidi ticng chung
kiin su do vd' mau chdng cda h^ thdng kinh ti
ke hogch hda tgp trung theo md hinh Xd Viit
tiing tdn tgi gdn 80 ndm. Vdo nhiing thdng
cudi ndm 2008, can bao tdi ehinh phd Wall
bung phdt vdi nhiing ldc xody dH ddi, gdy
mdl dn dinh vd suy thodi kinh ti todn cdu, dgt
ra nhieu bdi todn phuc tap chua cd tiin 1$,
ddi hdi nhiing phdi hgp quy md qudc ti vd
nhiing tdn phi gidi ciiu tri gid nhiiu ngdn ty
USD... dd trd thdnh su kien chua ticng cd
nhu "gigt nude ldm trdn ly", hg be vd huy
hogi khdng thuang tiic "cdc gid tri My" vdn
di cao sdng kien cd nhdn vd khd ndng tu diiu
chinh cda cdc thi chi thi trudng tu do. Cdng
hudng cua 2 su kien lich su mang tinh todn
cdu da gidng lin hdi chudng cdnh tinh, bdo
hiiu mdt thi gidi dang biin ddi, khdng ed
ngogi le "miin dich dd vd"cho bdt ky mdt tap
dodn-"dgi gia" kinh ti-tdi chinh cUng nhu
bdt ky mdt thi chi kinh ti-chinh trj ndo (dii la
sieu cudng hdng ddu thi gidi) khi khdng tdn
trgng cdc quy ludt kinh ti-xd hgi khach quan,
doi hdi cdn cd mgt tu duy mai thich Ong vi
bdn tay qudn ly kinh ti ciia Nhd nude trong
ticng qudc gia, cung nhu tren todn the gidi...
1. Tu duy mdi vl quan ly kinh te Nhd nut^c
Sau dgi khiing hodng cudi nhung ndm

1920, nude Myti-5iday nhd phdt cao ngpn cd
ty do kmh doanh da thu dupe lpi nhudn
khong Id tir budn ban vu khi, quy ty ede ddng
vdn dau hi va ddng thdc vang (chilm70%
' Nguyin Minh Phong, Tiln sT kinh tl, Vi^n NghiSn
cmi phit trien kinh tl - xS h^i Hi Nf i.
Sei 45 (1+2/2012)

tdng dy trii todn thi gidi) chdy vl My. Cupe
khimg hodng tdi chinh 2008 bOe 10 nhihig tin
hifu vd dpng thai chua timg c6, ddnh dau
budc ngo§t xudng dde thdi ky hodng kim ehii
nghia tu ban ty do, eiing nhu vai trd sidu
cudng kinh te & tdi chinh todn edu ciia My
(nude My ludn cd ty trpng gin VA sdn lupng
todn thi gidi,: 32 % vdo ndm 1913; 26 % ndm
1960; 22 % ndm 1980; 27% ndm 2000 va 26
% ndm 2008, ddng thdi chidm 1/5 tdng nhdp
khdu todn can). Hoa Ky ludn, Id trung tam tdi
ehinh Idn nhat vd cimg Id nguon ddng ndng
phdt tridn mgnh nhat ciia the gidi trong nhieu
thap nien;
Neu nhu su Igm dyng cho vay dudi chudn
(dupe Chinh phu My dung tiing) vd bimg nd
ede edng eu np phdi sinh trdn thj tnrdng tdi
chinh todn cdu, gay ra tinh trgng dau co qua
miie va mdt khd ndng thanh todn eiia thj
trudng bat ddng sdn Id cdn nguyen tryc tiep,
thi the che thj trudng ty do cao dp, thien vj
Ipi ich cd nhan vd cue bO, ndi Idng kidm sodt

vT md ddi vdi cdc hoat dpng kinh te d My
mdi Id nguyen nhan sau xa vd chinh ban than
cdc the chd nay Igi td ra bdt lyc trude con dgi
hdng thuy...
De khde phue khiing hodng, Chinh phii
My da vd dang di theo nguydn Iy "chu dpng
sir dung bdn tay nhd nude" cua kinh tl chinh
tri hpc Mdc-xft, didu md chinh hp da tiing ra
sue tuydn truyen va Idi keo ca thd gidi TBCN
chdng lai sudt trong thd ky XX. Theo gucng
My, "Lifu phdp bdn tay kinh td Nhd nude"
ciing Ian rpng sang mpt logt nude kinh tl thj
trudng phdt triln. Cdc nude Anh, Bi, Hd Lan,
QUAN Lt KINH TE


I ^ J ^ W6lTRI>BNG KINH DOANH

Ph4p, Due, Iceland, NMt B4n, Italia v4 EU
d3 cung b ^ cAch d6i ph6 V(5ri khiing hodng vi
thong nh^t phdi diing strc m ^ vh bdn tay
Nhd nu6c de gidi curu cdc nen Icinh te thj
tru£mg quoc gia, ciing nhu Ichu v\rc...
Th\rc te cho th^y, siic m^nh mu qudng
kh6 lu6ng ciia thj truimg dien ra Ichi thi^u
ho$c chdm sir dyng bdn tay Nhd nir6c m^nh.
Dinh Icien thi truimg bat khd xdm phjun cua
h$ th6ng kinh te-tdi chinh quoc te, vdi tu
tuimg "tv do vd ddn chii" bdo ddm cho su 6n
djnh trong tien trinh phdt trien the gi6i,

duimg nhu dang lay d^ng t§n goc; d$c bi^t,
gid tri vd sire hap din ciia "mo hinh My"
ngdy cdng nh^t nh6a. Vi$c chuyen sang mpt
chu ky m(!ri cua chinh trj-kinh te My vd the
gidri tu bdn Id di^u khSng trdnh kh6i. Bp
truong tdi chinh Diic khing dinh "Thj gicH sS
khong thj tro lai thiri diem trude khiuig
hodng tdi chinh ph6 Wall,...My sS mit vi the
cuimg qu6e trong h$ thong tdi chinh thi gidi.
He thong tdi chinh thi gioi sg tro nen da
cyc". Tong th6ng Phdp Sarkozy timg chi trich
su don gian thdi qua cua chu nghia "tan e6
dijn", vdi tu duy "thi truimg sS tir diju tiet tit
cd", "nSn kinh ta thi truimg hf diju chinh mpi
vin di", "thi trudng luon cd ly", "kmh te cd
Slic manh tu dieu tijt"... C.Fred Bergsten,
Gidm ddc Vi?n kinh ti qu6e ti Peterson, cho
ring "vdi ede djnh ehe md chiing ta cd hi?n
nay, khong mpt djnh chi nao ed du lue de
thvc hi|n nhihig gidi phdp todn cau". Cdc ti
chiic IMF vd WB ddng vai tro trung lam
trong gidi quyjt khimg hodng tdi chinh chau
A trude day, khdng cdn vai trd nhu the doi
vdi khung hodng tdi ehinh d My. Bdn than
Lien Hpp Qu6e cung dang d6i mdi cd ve t6
chire vd phuong thiie hojt d0ng trade nhiju
bdt cjp md khong thi hf minh vugl qua.
Nhieu nha Idnh dao cdc qudc gia phdt trien
ngdy cdng tim thiy tijng ndi ehung, ciing
nhan manh gidi phdp cdn bdn cho cupc khiuig

hodng hien nay Id "tim sit can bing mdi gifia
vai trd eiia Nha nude vd th; traimg". Tu duy

^

OUAN Lf KINH Tl

B 6 | Mdl KINH T f CCiA NHA Nl/dC.

mdi vi bdn tay ciia Nhd nude trong the gidi
dang bijn doi ngdy cdng d$m n6t.
Thi gidi dang budc vdo thiri d?i kinh ti
thj truimg ed diiu tiit thich hpp eiia chinh
phii vd kiem sodt vT md d cap todn cau, d6i
hdi eao hon vi tdng cuimg vai trd ciia luat
phdp, chi tdi, diiu tiet nhd nude, kiem soat
cdc the che thj truimg, thit ch$t cho vay tin
dyng, thiet l^p h^ thdng thdng tin cdng khai,
minh b^ch, phdt trien ede edng ey du bdo,
cdnh bdo vd trimg ph^t cde sai trdi vd gian
lan... Tu duy mdi v3 bdn tay nhd nude dd vd
dang ngdy cdng rd n^t, bao qudt vd chi phii
todn di?n ho^t ddng trong mpi llnh vye ciia
ddi sing kinh te xd h0i quic te vdi nhfing
biiu hi$n tr6n cdc mjt;
a. Khdng duy y ehi, gido dieu, cyc doan,
hodc qud nhin m^nh vd tuypt doi hda vai tr6
ehi huy tjp trung, mang tinh dp ddt mpt chiiu
eua Nhd nude, hojc thd nil, d^t todn bp qui
trinh phdt trien kinh te theo sy dan dit mang

tinh diu CO, mil qudng, "bay ddn" eao ciia tin
hieu vd siic m ^ thj tradng ty do, qud nhan
m^uih lpi ich tu nhan, eye b$ vd ngin h?n...
Ndi cdch khde, cin vo bdng ed hai bdn tay
nhd nude vd thj trudng, khong the chi hoan
hd bing 1 bdn tay... Vin di then chit cho
mpt nen kinh te thdnh cdng Id md hinh phdt
triin dirprc lya chpn phii hpp ed vdi bii canh
quoc te, lin cdc dieu ki^n Ijch sii cy thi trong
nude, eho ph^p khai md, cpng hirdng cao
nhit tiim ndng vd hipu qud cdc nguin lire
phdt trien cd d trong vd ngodi nude; tham gia
sdm, ngdy cdng ch^t ehS vd hipu qud vio
"chuoi gid trj gia tdng todn ciu"... D ^ bi;t,
ein phdt trien tiem ndng vd ty do cd nhan; s}f
hpp tde vd thjnh vupng vi kinh ti; ding
thu^n, ddn chil vd gin kit ve xd hOi trong mgt
the gidi ngdy cdng "phdng"; hda hpp vd thin
thipn hem vdi mdi tnrdng dupe eoi Id 3 try c$t
hpp thdnh chii yiu, vita Id mye tieu, viia 14
d§ng luc phdt trien cila vdn minh nhan lo?i
ducmg dai.
Saf45

luims


D6I MOI KINH Tf COA NHA NL/dC...

b. Chii dpng tham khdo, dan xen vd ph6i

hpp ehinh sdch giOa cde quoc gia khu vye,
eiing nhu todn cau vdi miie tdng tiln cimg
ehilu vdi gia tdng kh6i lupng trao d6i quoc
tl, song phuang, da phuong trong ede ITnh
vuc thuang mai, dau tu, djch vy vd lao dpng.
Theo dd, e4n coi trpng ydu elu vd thiic d^y
vifc hodn thifn dinh chi qudn ly qu6c gia vd
qudc tl trong cde qud trinh phoi hpp vd trao
ddi, dd gia tdng siie mgnh, khd ndng vd hidu
qud gidi quyet cdc vdn dl cd d t ^ qudc gia,
khu vuc vd todn cdu. Dang qua ddn thdi md
mdi nude ddng cira de ty gidi quylt nhihig
van dd phdt tridn cda rieng minh, dii dd Id
vdn dd nhd nhAt va nude dd Id Idn, mgnh
nhat the gidi.
L. Vai tro dau tu tryc tiip, eiing nhu try
ept phdt trien cua Nhd nude ngdy edng gidm
hodc dupe dinh hudng vdo ho trp phdt trien
ddu tu tu nhdn. Tuy nhien, Nha nude cd vai
trd ngdy cdng to Idn trong cupc chidn vdi cdc
chan ddng ca cau hodc chu ky kinh td bdt
phdt, nhdt Id Ichiing hodng tdi chinh-ngan
hang, cho du nd xdy ra d trong hay ngoai
nude, tir nguyen nhdn khdng tryc tidp Id sai
lam ciia chinh phu bode trong khu vuc kinh td
nhd nude. 6 day, khdng the coi nhe trong bat
luan trudng hpp ndo vd vdo thdi didm nao vai
trd ciia cdng tdc thdng tin, dy bdo vd gidm sdt,
eanh bdo an todn, nhdt la an todn he thdng tdi
chinh-ngdn hdng; phai tinh tdo vdi tdc dpng

Ian tda, ddy chuyin ed tinh 2 mdt eiia cdc
bidn cd vd chinh sdch kinh tl trdn thj hTidng.
Cdn ddp ngdi khung hodng tir khi nd mdi
nhen nhiim, thay vi da thdnh ddm chdy manh
vd lan rdng..
d. Bdn tay diiu chinh cua nhd nude eJln
chuyen dich theo hudng gidm can thif p hdnh
chinh, true tiip, dl ehuydn sang phuang
thiie gidn tidp, mang tinh dinh hudng yd
gidm sdt nhidu han, vira tudn thii cde ydu eau
vd Ipi ich thi trudng, vira khdng Idm xdu di
sy dn djnh kinh tl vT md vd bdo ddm hai hda
Ipi ich trong qud trinh phdt triln; khdng Igm
dung siie chju dyng vd d6 gdnh ndng khimg
Sd 45 (1+2/2012)

MOI TRUtfNG KINH DOANH

FtWH

hodng len ngudi ddn. Ngodi ra, e^n tdng
cudng vai trd ede logi quy binh on thj trudng
vd sii dyng linh hoat cdc edng ey np, biin np
xau thdnh chiing khodn cd the mua-bdn trdn
thj Irudng np Id mpt trong ede lya chpn can
thiet vd hifu qud.

Tdm lai, thi gidi mdi dang dinh hinh, ddi
hdi tu duy mai thich ung vi bdn tay qudn ly
ciia Nhd nude trong thuc hiin nguyin tdc

kinh ti thi trudng, trdnh cue doan, phiin diin
trong nhgn thuc, tdng cuong phdi hap ddng
bg cdc cdng cu vd cap dd qudn ly, gidm sdt
chdt chS vd chu d0ng xu tri kip thdi mat trdi
ciia ehinh sdch lua chgn trong th{cc tiin bdng
hgp luc cua sice mgnh td chuc vd tdi chinh,
vdi vai trd trung tdm Id Nhd nude...
2. Thuc tien quan ly Idnh te nhd nu&c it
Vift Nam
Qud trinh Ddi mdi vd su dyng "Ban tay
Nhd nude" trong qudn Iy phdt trien KT-XH
eiia Vift Nam ehiu dnh hudng ciia xu hudng
phdt tridn vd tu duy ve vai tro Nha nude
mang tinh todn cau. Thuc td cho thay, "Ban
tay Nhd nude" vd ea bdn ddn nhan vd bat
nhip dupe xu the ehung eua thd gidi, nhd dd
da gdp phdn cheo Idi diing hudng vd vihig
vdng eon thuydn kinh td vuot qua thdc ghdnh,
kho khdn vd thdch thiic de ngdy cang ciing cd
the vd lye trdn hdnh trinh vuon ra dgi duong,
hdi nhdp eimg ban bd ndm chdu, b6n bien ...
Bdn tay Nhd nude Vift Nam thudng hoc
lp tap trung vd cd thdm ca hdi hodn thidn khi
xdy ra cdc chdn dpng kinh tl-tdi chinh mgnh
trong vd ngodi nude. Vdo nhimg nam 19861992, 1997-2000 vd 2007-2008, Vift Nam da
phdt huy Slic mgnh tich eye eua hf thong
ehinh trj de xir ly nguyen nhdn vd hdu qud
lam phdt eao hode cdc biin e^ thj trudng bde
phdt, giii viing sy dn djnh ciia ddi song KTXH dat nude. Ddc bift, ndm 2008 chinh phu
da diing edm nhan thiic lai mue tidu vd ydu

cau qudn Iy nhd nude khi chu dpng khdng
djnh uu tien trude mdt Id kidm chd lam phdt,
6n djnh kinh tl vT md, kd cd phdi gidm bdt tdc
QUAN Lt KINH T£


f j ^ ^

MOI THU&NG KINH DOANH

dp tdng trudng GDP, thu h?p diu tu cdng...
Chinh phii c4n t§p trung chi dgo vd ph6i hpp
chdt che cdc ngdnh trong sir dyng dong bp,
linh hogt cdc gidi phdp hdnh chinh vd thj
trudng. Nhu vdy, dpng lyc vd uy tin "thuang
hifu Viet" ngdy cdng dupe cung co trong sy
nhin nhgn vd lya ehpn ciia thi gidi; ...
A-lanh Grin-Xpen-nguydn Chii tjeh Cyc
Dy trii Lien bang My, ngudi dupe mf nh danh
Id "phil thiiy eiia kinh le My", cho rdng:
Chinh phil Vift Nam dd di diing hudng trong
vifc dp dyng 8 nhdm gidi phdp nhdm kiem
che Igm phat, on djnh kinh te vi md dl xdy
dyng niem tin eiia nhan ddn, trdnh dua nhthig
thdng tin bdt lpi, tgo du lugn xia, gdy tdm ly
hoang mang trong nhdn ddn. Phd Chu tjeh
Ngdn hdng Thi gidi (WB), James Adam,
nhgn dinh: "Vift Nam dd cd nhihig bdi hpc ve
dieu hanh kinh te vT md dl kilm ehi, gidm
lam phdt, qua dd duy tri tdng trudng,... mpi

khd khan dang dupe khde phuc ddn din.
Chinh phil da cd nhiing quylt dinh thieh hpp,
hdnh dpng quylt lift kidm chi Igm phdt vd
dgt dupe nhieu kdt qud... Din gid van ehua
cd dau hifu nii ro ndo trong cde quylt dinh".
Cdn Bo-no-dich Bin-ham, dgi difn IMF tgi
Viet Nam cho rdng: "cau chuyfn cdi cdch
kinh te thanh cdng trong mpt giai dogn ddi
ciia Vidt Nam tgo dupe siic hiit doi vdi cdc
nha ddu tu tryc tiip nude ngodi". Cd thi ndi,
mdc ddu cdn tidp tyc doi mdt vdi nhieu thdch
thiic, song Vift Nam dd, dang vd sl tiep tyc
ddi mdi, hpi nhdp vd phdt triln, hudng den
mpt tuang lai ngdy cdng tot d?p han...
Cho dii ed nhthig thdnh edng, song tren
thyc td cd ve nhdn thiic, chinh sdch, thi chi
va phuang thirc td chiic hogt dpng ciia "bdn
tay Nha nude" d Vift Nam van cdn mpt so
phirc tgp, bdt cap do sy dan xen giua edi mdi
chua dupe luan giai, khdng djnh va hinh
thdnh day dii, dong bp, nhat qudn, vdi cdi cu
vin dang t6n tai, hodc chua dupe doi mdi kjp
thdi. Ca che Ddng^ Idnh dgo, nhd nude qudn
Iy h-ong nen kinh tl thj trudng djnh hudng xd
hdi chii nghia vd tdng cudng hpi nhdp kinh td
QUAN Lt KINH T£

D 6 | Mdl KINH T f C O A N H A NUOC...

quoc te chua thgt rd rdng. NOi dung, phuong

thirc, miic dp qudn I^ nhd nude doi vdi cdc
khu vye kinh te cdn ehua thong nhdt vd thilu
hifu qud; cdn nhieu bat cgp trong phdn cap va
phoi hpp qudn ly nhd nude. Vifc tdeh chiic
ndng qudn ly nhd nude vdi chiic ndng kinh
doanh ciia doanh nghifp cdn chgm; chd
truang, ehinh sdch ehua dupe thi che hda
bdng cdc kl hogch, ca ehe, trdch nhifm triln,
khai cy the, kip thdi vd hifu qud. Cdng tdc
thdng tin, dy bdo kinh te vd qudn I^ chit
lupng phdt trien theo hudng bin viing c6ii
nhieu liing tiing, khdng it llnh vye bj budtm
Idng; nhiiu tiem ndng vd ngu6n lyc can thiet
cho phdt trien ehua dupe khai thdc vd sd
dyng hifu qud.
Dd ndng eao ndng lyc, hifu lyc vd hifu
qud qudn ly Nhd nude trong qud trinh phdt
triln KT-XH, nhdm vupt qua cde euf c khung
hodng the gidi dang biin doi todn difn va
nhanh chdng, "Lieu phdp bdn tay Nh^
nude" d Vift Nam can dupe hodn thifn theo
phuang hudng vd npi dung trpng tdm sau:
u. Tiep tue ldm ro ca sa ly lugn vd thuc
lien vi mgt sd vdn de mdi trong chu truang
phdt triin vd qudn ly Nhd nuac.
Do nhgn thiic Id mpt qud trinh, cin dfii^
edm ggt bd djnh kidn, do tudng vl quydn lyc
Nhd nude; Igm dyng ea chi xin cho, nhihig
lpi ich eye bp ngdn hgn ciia tu duy nhifm k^;
thidu tdn trpng sdng tgo de xuat hpp I^ ciia co

sd vd cap dudi trong xay dyng vd thong nhit
hf gid trj chuin qu6c gia, cd vd chinh trj, kinh
te, xd hpi; dam bdo tit cd chinh sdch, nhihig
gi chiing ta can phdn bidt diing/sai phdi theo
chuan myc ehung, trdnh ngp nhgn hogc bj
nhiiu ve chan gid trj (tir eac gid trj nhan v3n
to Idn ciia ly tudng XHCN, cua gid trj ng^
ndm vdn hien ciia ddn tpc vd nhan logi, cung
nhu ciia cdc gid tri thj trudng), tgo tidu dich
vd thudc do tin cay trong djnh hudng, danh
gid cdc hogt ddng kinh tl-xd hpi, dl tang
cudng Idng tin va sy ddng thugn xd hpi rfi^
rdi trong nude va qudc tl, ke cd vdi Viet kidu.

Stf 45 (1+2/2012)


D6I M 6 I KINH T ^ COA NHA NL/OC...

Ddng thdi vdi d6i mdi cdn bdn cdng tdc
edn bp, edn eoi trong vide xdy dyng cde thiet
chi du hifu lye dl bdo vf lpi ich vd phdt huy
Slic mgnh qude gia trong khai thdc vd sir dyng
hifu qud nguon lyc quoc gia, cde dja phuang,
trong nude vd qudc te eho phdt trien ben
vung. Dae bift, mOt chinh sdch tdi chinh-tien
1$ than trgng (khdng qud Idng, khdng qud
chdt) ludn Id thyc te can thilt. Viet Nam cin
tiip tuc hgn chd vd nang cao han ntta hifu
qud dau tu cdng, cua khu vye kinh te Nhd

nude vd ehii d^ng tiep edn, tham gia, duy tri,
khai thde sir dyng diing liic vd hifu qud cdc
ca chi gidm sdt an todn tai chinh qu6c gia,
khu vye vd qude te; chuyin mgnh chinh sdch
bdo hg theo hudng khuyin khich phdt triin
cdng nghiep phu trg vd tham gia vdo ehudi gid
tri todn cdu; khuyin khich phdt triin cdc lap
dodn Idnh ti da sa hOu, t ^ dodn kinh td tu
nhan mgnh, hogt ddng xuydn qude gia, tgo
nguon dpng lye mgnh vd miii ehu edng, dot phd
trong qud trinh phdt tridn vd hdi nhdp.

M 6 | TRUING KINH DOANH P l T f f i l

qud vd minh bgeh, phan djnh va ldm ro cac
quy chi phdp 1^ khde nhau doi vdi cde loai ea
quan; phdn rd quyIn han vd trdch nhifm ciia
sd, ban, ngdnh vd vide phoi hpp vdi cdc t6
ehiic lien quan, khde phyc tinh trang qudn Iy
chong ehdo, tranh cong, d6 tdi, diin day; lam
rd trdch nhifm, tdng cudng gidm sdt vd ddnh
gid edng vifc eiia co nude tir trung uang den dja phuang, nhat la
quyIn "thim djnh", "phd duyft", "chdp
thugn", eho phdp vd cip phdp v.v... chuyen
manh hogt dpng qudn Iy nhd nude sang
hudng dan, kilm tra vifc thyc thi phdp luat;

Tdng cudng phdn cap qudn ly kinh te-xa
hgi, ddm bdo cdc chinh sdch KT-XH vica thdng

nhdt. vica da dgng (khdng dan nhdt, ddng logt
cho cdc ddi tugng, viing khde nhau); tdng
cudng CCHC tic tren xuong theo yeu edu thuc
le vd nhiem vu qudn ly nhd nude, phii hgp vdi
cam ket hdi nhdp vd ihdng le qudc te, tgo thudn
lai vd Idng tin eho hogt ddng Idnh doanh eua
doanh nghiip, ddng thdi thuc day thuc hien
b. Tdn trgng yeu cdu khdeh quan cda quy
trdch nhiem xa hgi cua doanh nghiip; Rd sodt
ludi vd quy trinh qudn ly kinh ti, cdc cam kit bdi bd hode cdi edeh thii tuc hdnh ehinh cdn
hgi nhdp vd su hdi hod loi ich phdt triin,
tiin hanh theo hudng dan gidn, nhanh ggn vd
khdng ngiing edi thien mdi trudng kinh doanh. phd cap rgng rdi md hinh "mdt cua, mdt ddu
Theo hudng ndy, can tap trung:
mdi" a tdt cd cdc ea quan qudn ly; day mgnh
viic tinh gidm cdc bd phdn phdng, ban trong
Ndng cao chdt lugng cdng tde xdy dung
bd mdy qudn ly chinh qiQ>in cdc cap; phdn
vd qudn ly theo quy hogch, ki hogch phdt
edng
phdn edp vd xde dinh trdch nhiim ro rdng
triin KT-XH, phdt tridn ha ting ky thudt vd
eho
edp ca sa; khuyen khich vd thuc ddy cde
xa hpi cd tinh md va thuc tiln cao; coi trpng
edp chinh quyin ndng dgng, quyet lift trong
ede chi tieu chat lucmg, bao qudt day du hon
chi dgo diiu hanh, khde phyc tinh trgng ludi
cac ngudn vdn, dja phuang vd ITnh vye, vira
nghi, lam bira, ngai va thidu trdch nhifm,

dam bdo tinh tap trung thdng nhdt, vira kich
nggi khd, nd tranh vd Igm dyng, khdng tgp
thich tinh chu dpng, sdng tgo vd phdn ung thj
trung gidi quylt trift dd nhiing vy vide ndi
trudng kip thdi cua cac dja phuang va ea sd;
cpm, biic xiic ngay tir khi mdi phdt sinh d
xdc dinh ro dja chi td chiie vd cd nhdn, frdeh
CO sd. Ngodi ra, can ddi mdi can ban hf
nhifm, thdi gian vd nguon lyc, eimg kd hogch
thdng djnh miic, chi df chi tieu tdi chinh
tdi chinh, vdi sy bdo ddm vd ho trp vl ehinh
hudng din kit qua diu ra, dd cao trdch nhifm
trj - hdnh chinh cin thilt trong thyc hifn...
vd ty chii ciia dan vj va cd nhdn vdi nhiing
Xiic tiin nhanh, triet di han vi^c tach
chi tdi vdt chit vd hanh chinh du sire mgnh
chicc ndng qudn ly nhd nuffc vi kinh te vdi
rdn de; ch6ng tuih trgng dp dung mdy mdc
chuc ndng qudn ly sdn xudt kinh doanh, chiic gdy khd khan trong thuc hifn va qudn ly,
ndng hdnh chinh vdi chiic ndng dich vy edng;
ho^c ldm tdng tinh trang ndi doi, bien bdo
xdy dung mdt nin hanh chinh hifn dgi, hifu

Stf 45(1+2/2012)

QUAN Lt KINH T£ I


W ^

Hfll TBirtrHO KINH DOANH

"hpp Iy" Id kd hd eho tham nhiing, thit thodt
vd diu tu kdm hifu qud.
Xdy d^rng, phdt triin ddng bd thi trudng.
thi ehe hd trg vd qudn ly nhd nu&c; qudn
tri^t ddy du hon nguyen tdc kinh ti thi Irudng
trong qudn ly vd to chiic hogt dpng kinh te.
Nhd nude cin quan tdm vd tgo thu^n lpi cho
phdt triln d^ng bp cdc logi thj trudng, nhit Id
thi ehi thj trudng b^e eao (thi trudng CK,
KH&CN, BDS vd thj trudng lao dpng cd t6
ehiie), ddm bdo hogt df ng nhjp nhdng vd gdn
ket giiia cde thj trudng trdn dja bdn, thj
trudng dja phuang vdi hf thong cd nydc vd
quoc tl..., dong thdi, d6i mdi to ehiic vd ca
che hogt d§ng eiia cdc the ehe ho trp thj
trudng, phdt trien vd tdng cudng vai trd cdc
hif p hf i ngdnh nghe, edu Igc b$, cdc loai quj^,
trung tam vd to ehiic NGO, tgo dieu kifn de
cdc hifp hpi, doanh nghifp dupe ddng gdp y
kidn khi xdy dyng, ban hdnh cde quy djnh
qudn ly Nhd nude. Xdy dyng hf thong tieu
ehi vd phdt tridn ede djch vy ddnh gid xep
hgng tin nhifm, ddnh gid va cdnh bdo khiing
hodng phue vu qudn ly Nha nude vd kinh
doanh; thiie ddy tdi cau triic khu vye doanh
nghidp vd cdc hoat dfng lien kit, hpp tdc
kinh te trong vd giGa cdc ngdnh, cac khu vye
doanh nghifp, eung nhu giO-a cdc dia phuong,

tinh thdnh trong cd nude
Tudn thu dung quy trinh qudn ly Nhd
nuac vi gid theo nguyen tdc thj trudng nhdm
bdo ddm canh tranh Idnh mgnh, ngdn ch$n
cdc hdnh vi Igm dyng vd d$c quyen, diu ca,
bdn phd gid vd ede gian Ign thuang mgi; trdnh
cdc sai lam, nhu: thd noi gid cd thj trudng
h o ^ dieu chinh gid trong nude theo lp trinh
kl hogch ciing nhde. Ddc bift, cin tuan thii
quy trinh vd nguyen tdc qudn Iy dl eho cgnh
tranh thi trudng ddy du trong cung ung hdng
hda, dich vu trude khi cho phip cde doanh
nghi$p duge dfnh gid theo thi trudng. Diiu
ein luu y Id, niu chi h-d gid ca md khdng h-d
sy cgnh tranh cin thilt ve cho thj trudng,
trong hinh thdnh gid cd Id tgo ca hpi mang Igi
Ipi ich d0c quydn kdp cho cdc doanh nghifp

^

QUAN LY KINH i f

Q6\ Md! KINH T f COA N H A NUGC...

dang hode gin nhu d^c quyen; Trude mit,
cin ndng cao ndng lyc vd hifu qud thyc tl ciia
cdng tdc gidm sdt, kilm sodt vd xii \f sy dfc
quyen vd cdc vi phgm vl gid tir phia cdc
doanh nghifp vd cdc bdn cd lidn quan, ngdn
chdn hifn tupng lam dyng tryc Ipi cd nhdn,

thdm chi biin df c quyIn nhd nude thdnh dfc
quyIn doanh nghifp, phudng h^i vd phe
nhdm...
Thuc hi$n nghiim ddu thdu th\cc chat dif
dn. d^bi^t la nhimg dii dn duffc tdi trg bdng
cdc ngudn l{ec cdng, cde hogt df ng mua sdm
ehi tir ngu6n diu tu cdng vdi sy tham gia
rpng rdi vd binh ddng cua khu vye doanh
nghifp, chii khdng chi khep kin trong khu
vye Nhd nude.
Coi trgng han niia vi^e chdng tham nhiing
vd trgng dyng nguoi tdi. Nhd nude can xay
dyng mpt ca che chdng tham nhimg thyc chit,
dan chu, kidn quylt vd hifu qud hon. Dgc bift,
phdi eoi chong tham nhiing trong cdng tic
edn bp nhu mpt dpt phd mdi cua CCHC, vi
chiing mang Igi moi nguy hai to Idn vd lau dai
cho ddt nude lam xdi mdn Idng tin (nhit \i
eua thi hf trd), huy hogi cdc ngudn lye quoc
gia, Idm bgn bd the gidi xa Idnh vd dd vd khoi
dgi dodn kit dan t$c, de dpa sy an toan ciia
thi che vd dit nude...
c, Coi trgng cong tdc di/c bdo, thdng tin,
phdn bi^n chinh sdch trong qudn ly Nhd nude.
Dy bdo tot giiip cdc ca quan qudn Iy nha
nude chii d^ng vd nang eao hifu qud didu
hdnh thyc tiln. Do vgy cin coi trpng diing
muc vd phdn bift rgch rdi gifl-a ydu ciu d\r
bdo khdeh quan vdi myc tidu chinh sdch va ^
chi chii quan. Dii bdo cin bdm sdt, cgp nhit

vd dua ra dupe nhihig cdnh bdo ve xu hudng
phdt triln mdi, cdc nguy ca tiem in vd bien
dpng thj trudng cd d trong nude vd quoc te.
Ciing vdi dy bdo thj trudng, dy bdo, phan
bif n xd h$i vd ddnh gia khdeh quan tdc dong
2 mdt cua chfnh sach van dyng can dupe d^c
bift quan tdm. Do cdc to chtic chuyen nghi^
vd d$c \%p thyc hifn phdn hifn, theo ddt hang

S(f 45 (1+2/2012)


B6I Mdl KINH T ^ COA NHA NI/OC...

ciia edp cd tham guyen cd thd phdt hidn vd dl
xuit gidi phdp nhdm gidm thilu nhthig tdn hgi
tii lam dung kS hd chinh sdch hodc gdy edn
hd vd phdt sinh cdc chi phi khdng cin thilt
Idm lang phi cdc ngudn lye xd hpi.. .hodc kdo
dai chinh sdch dd bit cap tiudc nhiing biin
chuyen mau Ip cua thyc tien, ndn ca chi phdn
hifn ein dupe nhan mgnh. Ngodi ra, vifc xdy
dung hd thdng dii lifu thdng tin chuydn
ngdnh tryc tiip phye vy cdng tde dy bdo kinh
td, dam bdo tinh ehuyen nghifp vd sy phoi
hpp dn khdp can cd giira cdc co quan chirc
ndng vd cdc logi cdng cy dy bdo, gitia cdng
tdc dy bdo vdi cdng tde to chuc thyc hifn,
tuong tde giira khoa hpc dy bdo vdi nhthig
dae diem ludt phdp vd KT-XH cua dit nude,

ciing cdn dupe eoi trpng diing miie.
Tang cudng so vd chit lupng thdng tin vd
phdt ngdn chinh thuc ciia Nhd nude, cua
doanh nghiep khdp ndi, lidn thdng vdi hf
thdng cdc chi sd thdng ke qudc gia hdng ndm,
ddm bdo minh bach, da dgng, nhidu chiiu,
dan chu; khac phyc tmh trgng thdng tin kinh
te phan tdn, chia eat, rdi rgc, ddng bdng, thidu
ehuan hod, nhat la khdng dupe pho bidn rdng
rdi, cdng khai, gay khd khdn vd ddt dd cho
cdc don vi vd ca nhan cd nhu ciu tiip can,
khai thde vd sii dyng cung la gidi phdp gdp
phan hgn chi ea hpi thu lpi bit chinh cua td
chiic va cd nhdn qudn Iy thdng tin, ciing nhu
Idm gidm siic canh tranh ciia nin kinh tl
ho^c gay Idng phi nguon luc xd hpi.
d Bdm bdo su gdn kit hdi hda giiia phdt
triin Idnh ti vdi quan tdm phdt triin vdn hda,
gidi quyet cdc vdn di xd hgi vd mdi truang
buc xuc, ndng eao chdt luang vd yiu cdu
phdi triin bin vOng, bdo ve Igi ich qudc gia.
Hogt ddng qudn Iy nhd nude cin eoi trpng
bdo dam hdi hod Ipi ich trong qud trinh phdt
friln, gidm thidu chdnh biet giiia cdc ting Idp
xa h^i, viing vd linh vye; uu tien phdt triln
ngu^n nhan lye ehit lupng cao, cdc hogt ddng
dam bdo xa hdi cd t6 chiic edng bdng vd hifu
qud; nang cao vdn hod qudn I^ vd vdn hda kinh
doanh... Dac biet, cin hodn thien ca chi bdo vf
Sir 45 (1+2/2012)

M 6 | TRirtfNG KINH DOANH

P M l

lpi ich quoc gia, trong dd dl eao vai hrd cua
Chinh phii bdo vf ehii quyen vd lpi ich kinh tl
quoc gia, cdc lpi ich lidn vimg, lidn ngdnh ddi
hgn, nhit Id ve tdi nguydn, Idnh tho, khi hdu,
eon ngudi, chi tieu vd tdi sdn cong, uy tin qudc
gia, Idng tin xd hdi, eiing nhu long ydu nude vd
tinh thin dodn kit, phdt huy siic mgnh cpng
dong, cd hong vd ngodi nude, tit cd vi mpt Vift
Nam ddn gidu, nude mgnh, xd hpi cdng bdng,
dan chd, vdn minh...
3. Mpt so de nghj dieu chinh vd bS sung ve
quy dinh qudn 1^ kinh te cua Chhih phu
trong Hien phdp vd Lu^t To chirc Chfnh phu
Thii nhat, dl nghi dieu ehinh vd bd sung
quy djnh vi tri, chiie ndng ciia Chinh phii tgi
Didu 109 Hien phdp nhu sau:
"Chinh phu Id ea quan hdnh phdp eao
nhdt cua nude Cdng hod xa hpi chii nghia
Viet Nam.
Chinh phu qudn Iy thdng nhdt nha nude
vd vifc thue hidn cdc nhifm vu ehinh trj, kinh
td-xd hdi, qudc phdng, an ninh vd ddi ngogi
cua Nhd nude; bdo ddm hifu lyc ciia bp may
hdnh phdp tij trung uong den eo sd; bdo dam
vifc tdn trpng vd chap hanh Hidn phdp vd

phdp ludt; bdo vf Ipi ich quoc gia vd eac loi
ieh hpp phdp ciia td chiie vd edng dan, phdt
huy quyIn ldm chii cua nhan ddn trong sy
nghifp xdy dyng vd bdo vf Td quoc, bdo ddm
sy phdt triln on djnh ndn kinh te vd ndng cao
chat lupng song ciia cdng ddn.
Chinh phii do Quoc hpi biu, mien nhifm
vd chju mpi trdch nhifm trude Qudc hpi,
thyc hidn chi dO bdo cdo vd gidi trinh edng
tdc djnh ky vd dpt xuit theo yeu ciu vdi
Quoc hOi, U>' ban thudng vu Qu6e hpi, Chu
tich nude".
Thii hai, dl nghi didu chinh vd bd sung
Didu 9 - Ludt td chiic Chinh phu 2001 quy
djnh cy thd nhifm vu vd quyIn hgn eua Chinh
phii trong Imh vuc kinh tl tir 9 diem thanh 6
diim nhu sau:
QUAN Lt KINH TE'


r n ^

MOl TRUflNG KINH D

1) Thing nhat qudn ly Nhd nude bdo
ddm sy on djnh vd ndng cao chit lui;mg phdt
triin nen kinh te quic ddn, bdo ddm sy binh
ddng glQa cdc khu vye s6 hthi, sy chii djo
tich eye cua kinh ti Nhd nude trong m^t s6
ngdnh vd linh vye then ehit ein thiit eiia nin

kinh ti quic dan. Quyet djnh linh ho?t cdc
chinh sdch ey the ve tdi ehinh, tiin t?, tiin
lucmg, gid ed dugc Quoc hpi uy quyen vd
tdng cuimg phan cip, gidm sdt dit tu di phdt
huy tiem ndng vd phoi hi?p hi^u qud cde
nguon lye xd hpi, trong vd ngodi nude, nhdm
day nhanh thyc hi?n cong nghi?p hod, hi$n
d^i hod dat nu6c, chu trgng e6ng nghi$p h6a,
hi$n d^ hod nong nghidp vd ndng thon;
2) Xdy dyng dy dn chien luge, quy
ho?ch, ki hopch phdt trien kinh te-xd hgi ddi
han, ndm ndm, hdng ndm trinh Quoc hpi; chi
dao thyc hi?n chiin luge, quy hoach, ki
hoach d6;
3) Trinh Quic hpi dy todn ngan sdch nhd
nugc, du kien phdn bo ngdn sach trung uong
vd mire bo sung tir ngan sdch trung ucmg eho
ngdn sdch dia phucmg, tong quyit todn ngdn
sach nhd nuoc hdng ndm; ti chure vd dieu
hdnh thyc hi$n ngdn sach nhd nude duge
Quoc hpi quyet dinh;
4) Thing nhit qudn ly vd sii dung e6
hi?u qud tdi san vd diu tu cong, tdi nguyen
vd cdc Igi ieh quoc gia; thi hanh ehinh sdch
tiit kiem; thyc hi^n chire ndng chii sd hthi
phin von eda Nhd nude tai doanh nghidp ed
vin nha nude theo quy djnh cua phdp luat;
thi hdnh chinh sdch bdo v$, cdi tao, tdi sinh

S^ OUAN Lt KINH TE

Di5i MOI KINH T £ COA NHA NUOC...

vd sir dyng hgp If ede nguin tdi nguyfin
thien nhien;
5) Thing nhit qudn ly hoat d^ng kinh ti
doi ngofii, chu d0ng h^i nh|p kinh te quic ti,
phdt triin cdc hinh thire quan h? kinh te vdi
cdc quic gia, ti chirc quoc ti trSn te trin eo
sd tdn trgng d^c Idp, chil quyen vd ciing c6
Igi, edi thi$n mdi trudng diu tu, ndng eao siic
e?nh tranh, phdt huy nOi luc eiia dat nude, ho
trg vd thiic diy sdn xuit trong nude, khuyen
khich doanh nghidp thupc mpi khu vye sd
hthi tham gia hoat dpng kinh ti doi ngoai;
khuyin khich dau tu nude ngodi vd tao dieu
ki?n thujn Igi de nguiri Vift Nam djnh eu d
nude ngodi dau tu vi nude;
6) T6 chile vd idnh dao cdng tdc kiim
ke, thong ke vd dy bdo kinh ti Nha nude theo
yeu ciu khoa hge, hi?n dai vd dan ehii"../

TAI L i f u THAM KHAO
Bdo cdo Thdng ke hdng thdng
2011 eiia TCTK;

ndm

Nghj quyit cdc cugc hgp hdng thdng cua
Chinh phii;

Nghj quyit 11/NQ-CP ngdy 24/2/2011;
Ke ho?ch phdt triin KT-XH ndm 2012 va
5 ndm 2011 -2015 ciia Vidt Nam

SI!«5(U2/2012I