TỪ VỰNG, NGỮ PHÁP VÀ BÀI TẬP CHI TIẾT UNIT 9 TIẾNG ANH 12

UNIT 9: DESERTS
A. VOCABULARY
stretch

/stretʃ/

remain a mystery
aerial
/'eəriəl/
aerial survey
/'eəriəl 'sə:vei/
Royal Geographical Society of Australia
Aborigine
name sth after sth/ sb
expedition
/,ekspi'diʃn/
dune
/dju:n/
hummock
/'hʌmək/
crest
/krest/
northerly
/'nɔ:ðəli/
spinifex
corridor
/'kɔridɔ:/
stable
/'steibl/
slope
/sloup/

parallel
/'pærəlel/
separate
/'seprit/
shrubland
pale
/peil/
eucalyptus
/,ju:kə'liptəs/
cactus
/'kæktəs/
Số nhiều: cactuses/ cacti
date palm
rainfall
blanket
mosquito net
Acacia
Antelope
colony
Gazell
jackal
explore
Branch
lead
Route
Corridor
Enormous
interpreter
Heat
Hard

Cut down
Remain a mystery
Remain + Adj

/deit pɑ:m/
/'reinfɔ:l/
/'blæɳkit/
/məs'ki:tou net/
/ə'kei∫ə/
/ˈæntɪloʊp/
/'kɔləni/
/gə'zel/
/'dʒỉkɔ:l/
/iks'plɔ:/
/bræntʃ/
/li:d/
/ru:t/
/'kɔridɔ:/
/i'nɔ:məs/
/in'tə:pritə/
/hiːt/
/hɑːrd/

n
v
adj
n
n
n
n

n
adj
n
adj
adj
n
adj
v
n
adj
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
v
n
v
n
n
adj
n
n
v

sự trải dài
kéo dài, căng ra
: vẫn còn là bí mật
: trên không, trên trời
: trắc lượng trên không
: Hội địa lí Hoàng gia Úc
: thổ dân Úc
: đặt tên cái gì theo cái gì/ ai
: cuộc thăm dò, thám hiểm
: cồn cát, đụn cát
: gò, đống
: đỉnh, nóc, ngọn
: về phía bắc
: cỏ lá nhọn
: hành lang, tuyến đường
: ổn định
: sườn, dốc
: song song
: phân chia, phân cách
: vùng cây bụi
: (màu) nhạt
: cây bạch đàn
: cây xương rồng
: cây chà là
: lượng mưa
: chăn, mền
: mùng, màn chống muỗi
: cây keo
: nai sừng tấm

: thuộc địa, bầy, đàn
: linh dương
: chó hoang sa mạc
: thăm dò, thám hiểm
: nhánh (sông), ngả (đường), cành cây
: chỉ huy, dẫn đường
: đường đi
: hành lang
: to lớn, khổng lồ
: người phiên dịch
: sức nóng
khắc nghiệt
đốn hạ
vẫn còn là điều bí ẩn
remain healthy, remain beautiful: vẫn


Make an aerial survey

khỏe mạnh và xinh đẹp
thực hiện một cuộc khảo sát trên

Name Sb/ sth after Sb

không
Đặt tên cho ai/ cái gì theo tên của ai

Eg: He named his daughter after his beloved đó
aunt.
The border of A and B

Eastward
A network of…(short dunes)
Deep red- brown
B. READING

biên giới của (giữa A và B)
về hướng đông
mạng lưới của…
màu nâu đỏ sậm

I. BEFORE YOU READ
Match the following deserts with marked places on the world map.
1. The Gobi Desert

2. The Great Sandy Desert

3. The Mojave Desert

4. The Sahara Desert

II. WHILE YOU READ
Three great stretches of sandy desert almost circle the centre of Australia. To the north of
Nullabor Plain stretches the Great Victoria Desert. In the west, the Gibbon, Great Sandy,
and Tanami Deserts comprise an enormous sandy area. North of Lake Eyre lies the Simpson
Desert, the last part of Australia to be explored.
The Simpson Desert lies between Lake Eyre in the south, the Macdonnel Ranges in the
north, the Mulligan and the Diamantina Rivers in the east, and the Macumba and Finke
Rivers in the west. The first European entered the Simpson Desert in 1845. But the desert
remained a mystery until Madigan made an aerial survey in 1929. He named the desert

after Simpson, President of the South Australian Branch of the Royal Geographical
Society of Australia.
In 1936, Colson and an Australian Aborigine took camels across the desert. They travelled
along the border of South Australia and the Northern Territory. Three years later Madigan
led a scientific expedition across the sand dunes on a more northerly route. Colson and
Madigan both travelled eastward across the Simpson Desert.
In the Simpson Desert there are different types of dunes. In the western part of the desert,
there is a network of short dunes, mostly less than 10 metres high. Hummock grasses grow
in loose sand on the crest and spinifex grows in the corridors between dunes and on the
more stable slopes.
In the northern part of the desert, the dunes are parallel and separated by corridors of low,
open shrubland. Spinifex grows on the slopes of the dunes. These dunes are deep red-brown,
but the sand is pale in the area where Queensland, South Australia and Northern Territory
meet. Dry salt lakes up to 70 kilometres long and 15 kilometres wide lie between long dunes
with crests 20 metres high.
Task 1: Give the Vietnamese equivalents to the following words or phrases.
1. stretch:

…………………………………………….

2. sandy:

…………………………………………….

3. aerial survey:

…………………………………………….

4. Royal Geograhical Society of

…………………………………………….

Australia:

…………………………………………….

5. Australian Aborigine:

…………………………………………….

6. dune (n):

…………………………………………….

7. sloping:

…………………………………………….

8. steep:

…………………………………………….

9. hummock:

…………………………………………….

10. crest:

…………………………………………….

11. Spinifex:
Task 2: Decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. According to the passage, there are three great deserts in Australia.

………

2. The Simpson Desert is the largest one in Australia.

………

3. The desert was named after Simpson in 1929.

………

4. Colson and Madigan travelled across the Simpson Desert in 1936.

………


5. There are more dunes in the western part of the desert.

………

6. Dry salt lakes are in the northern part of the desert.
III. AFTER YOU READ

………

FIGHTING BACK DESERT EXPANSION

More than a billion people all over the world are under the threat of desert expansion, but
few of them are aware that they themselves cause it and are also its victims. People cut
down trees for fuel and farmland. Their herds eat up the grass covering valley floors and
hillsides. The climate and soil quality, therefore, are affected and forest are turned into
deserts.
Efforts have been made to solve the problem. One common method is called “dune
fixation”: if a fence is built, it “fixes” sand dunes. This fence will prevent the dune from
advancing. In Algeria, people planted a green wall of trees across the edge of the Sahara to
stop desert sand from spreading. People in other countries around the Sahara built fences
made of brushwood or dead palm leaves for the same purpose. Obviously, the Sahara will
become much larger unless something continues to be done ro solve this problem.
Similarly, life is constant struggle for those living near the edges of the Gobi Desert. In
some places, many people had to leave their homes when their wells became dry and sand
buried their houses and crops. Therefore, governments in nearby areas have had local people
plant trees and banned burning firewood for fuel. Even Beijing is threatened by sandstorms
every year. Strong winds blow sand and dust from the Gobi Desert into Beijing 30 to 40
days a year, so a green wall of forests has been built to protect the city.
In other parts of the world, other techniques have been used. In Iran, a thin covering of oil
was poured on sandy areas to retain water for planting trees, but this method may harm the
environment. Other countries built long canals or pipelines to carry water to desert areas. A
particular technique was also used: people made stone lines along the route of rainwater
flow to catch up rainwater and prevent topsoil from washing away. However, these
techniques are just temporary. Unless people have more effective methods, their homes and
land will be lost. The fight against the desert is continuing.
* Complete the following summary of the reading text, using NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS for each blank.
In many parts of the world, people are suffering desert (1) _____________________. They
have made a lot of (2) _____________________ to solve the problem. The first way is (3)
_____________________ sand dunes to prevent sand from moving by planting trees or (4)

_____________________ fences. Another measure is (5) _____________________ for
fuel. The third ways is (6) _____________________ on the sand so that water can be
retained. Some other (7) _____________________ methods include building (8)
_____________________ to water dry areas and making stone lines to catch up rainwater.
B. GRAMMAR
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PRACTICE EXERCISES
I. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word from the box.
aerial
colonies

rainfall
crest

desert
slopes

expeditions

hummock

dunes

network

1. The Sahara is the largest ________________ on the African continent.
2. Deserts cover about one fifth of the Earth’s surface and occur where ________________


is less than 50 cm/year.
3. In areas such as mountain ________________, the soil is shallow, rocky or gravely
with good drainage.
4. The Simpson desert remained a mystery until Madigan made a ________________
survey in 1929.
5. Some of the sand ________________ in the Sahara can reach 180 meters in height.

6. He had made two ________________ to the Gobi Desert to study desert plants.
7. She half-stumbled over a ________________ of grass as she rushed towards her mother.
1.

Beneath the city lies a labyrinthine ________________ of tunnels.

8. Most of the British ________________ in Africa, Asia and the Caribbean achieved
independence.
9. It took us over an hour to reach the ________________ of the hill.
II. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. The Sahara Desert is sparsely covered with various types of ________________ ranging
from grasses, shrubs, and trees. (vegetable)
2. Deserts typically have a plant cover that is sparse but ________________ diverse.
(enormous)
3. More than a billion people all over the world are under the threat of desert
________________. (expand)
1.

Technological progress has boosted the ________________ of the Gobi Desert in

Mongolia. (explore)
4. The deserts of Patagonia are expanding due to ________________ . (desert)
5. A wide base will make the structure much more ________________. (stabilize)
6. The soil was ________________ and nothing seemed to grow in it. (sand)
7. Deserts have been growing at a ________________ speed within the last 100 years.
(frighten)
8. The city is at an ________________ of 2000 meters. (elevate)
10. Three years later Madigan led a ________________ expedition across the sand dunes on
a more northerly route. (science)
III. Add so, but, therefore, however where appropriate.

1. The wind was howling outside, _____________ it was warm and comfortable indoor.
2. The highway was under construction, _____________ we had to take a different route to


work.
3. You could fly via Singapore; _____________, this isn’t the only way.
4. There is still much to discuss. We shall, _____________, return to this item at our next
meeting.
5. It isn’t that he lied exactly, _____________ he did tend to exaggerate.
6. I thought the plane would be delayed; _____________, I bought a lot of magazines to
read.
7. Jackson was going to study all night, _____________ he declined our invitation to
dinner.
1.

We thought the figures were correct _____________ we have now discovered some

errors.
8. Cars have become much more complicated. _____________, mechanics need more
training than in the past.
9. We arrived at the theater late _____________ the play had not yet begun. We were quite
surprised.
10. Prices have been rising. It is unlikely, _____________, that this increase will continue.
11. The bread was old and stale, _____________ Martha ate it anyway.
12. The holiday had been a complete disaster. We, _____________ , decide to fly home
early if we could.
13. He failed the exam, _____________ he had to do the job he didn’t like.
14. The expedition hoped to climb the mountain by August _____________ bad weather
could be a hindrance.
IV. Complete these two paragraphs.

A. Put in: also, but, despite, or, that, therefore.
CAR PROBLEMS
I was having a lot of problems -with my car. The engine kept cutting out, and I (1)
_____________ has trouble starting it. I got so fed up with it (2) _____________. I took it
to a garage. They told me it was going to cost hundreds of pounds to repair, (3)
_____________ unfortunately didn’t have the money, and I (4) _____________ decided to
get rid of the car (5) _____________ needing it for work. Now I get the bus to work (6)
_____________ a colleague gives me a lift.
B. Put in: alternatively, as a result of, consequently, furthermore, in spite of, on top of.


UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
(7) _____________ their aim to get more young people into universities, the government
has put financial difficulties in their way. Nowadays most students get a loan instead of a
grant, and some have to pay tuition fees (8) _____________ that. (9) _____________ many
of them run up huge debts, or (10) _____________ their parents have to support them. (11)
_____________ these obstacles, some school leavers are discouraged from applying to go
to university. (12) _____________ an increasing number are dropping out before
completing the course.
V. Underline the correct alternative.
1. Your essay is badly organized and full of spelling mistakes. Though/ Nevertheless, it
contains some very interesting ideas.
2. To the east the trees were left standing, while/ in contrast to the west they were cut
down.
3. I felt guilty about leaving the company even though/ because I knew I had made the
right decision.
4. I must call my mother. Otherwise/ Therefore, she’ll start worrying about me.
5. He was refused entry to the country. Though/ Instead he was forced to return to Spain.
6. Sue didn’t know how to swim, yet/ for she jumped into the swimming pool.
7. We are short of money so/ but we had to spend the night on a park bench.

8. I understand your point of view. However/ Therefore I don’t agree with it.
9. Jane is taking a course into auto mechanics because/ so that she can fix her own car.
10. Modern farming methods have destroyed the habitat of many birds. As a result/ So that
their numbers are in decline.
11. He has lived next door to us for years, but/ so we hardly ever see him.
12. The building was extreme well-constructed and, consequently / furthermore, difficult to
demolish.
13. Emily has never wanted to return to Yukon to live despite/ because of the severe winters.
14. There is fog at Heathrow; the plane, however/ therefore, has been diverted.
15. I know traveling by bus takes longer than flying, but/ however it will be more
interesting.
VI. Fill in each blank with one appropriate preposition.
1. Some animals have specialized adaptations for dealing _________ the desert heat and


lack _________ water
2. People cut _________ trees for fuel and farmland.
1.

Their herds eat _________ the grass covering the valley floors and hillsides. The

climate and soil quality, therefore, are affected and forests are turned _________ deserts.
3. A lot of efforts have been made to prevent the dune _________ advancing.
4. In Algeria, people planted a green wall of trees _________ the edge of the
Sahara to stop the desert sand _________ spreading.
5. _________ the west, the Gibbon, Great Sandy, and Tanami Deserts comprise an
enormous sandy area.
6. The dunes are separated _________ corridors _________ low, open shrubland.
2.

Hummock grasses grow _________ the crest and spinifex grows _________ the

corridors between dunes.
7. The Sahara stretches _________ the Red Sea _________ the outskirts of Atlantic Ocean.
8. Children are forced to work _________ 19 hours a day in the factories.
VII. Write a sentence of similar meaning using the word or words in brackets.
1. This product is cheap, and it’s effective. (as well as)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. We can fix dinner for them here, or we can take them to a restaurant. (either ... or)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. The leopard faces extinction. The tiger faces extinction. (both ... and)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. The party isn’t very popular, and its policies aren’t very popular. (neither ... nor)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
1.

I felt very emotional, and I almost burst into tears. (so ... that)

_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. I was quoted in the newspapers and interviewed on TV. (not only ... but also)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
6. I have to book the hotel, and I have to make the travel arrangements. (in addition to)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7. My parents are going to meet me at the airport, or my brother is going to meet me at the
airport. (either ... or)
_______________________________________________________________________________________


8. Jane was invited to Bill’s farewell party, and so were her roommates. (not only ... but
also)

_______________________________________________________________________________________
9. Wage cuts have led to people rioting on the streets. (as a result of)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response
to complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 1: "Wow! What a nice coat you are wearing!"
- "______"
A. Certainly. Do you like it, too?

B. Thanks. My mother bought it for me.

C. I like you to say that.

D. Yes, of course. It's expensive.

Question 2: "Our team has just won the last football match."
- "______"
A. Good idea. Thanks for the news.

B. Yes. I guess it's very good.

C. Well, that's very surprising!

D. Yes, it's our pleasure.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 3: We spent the entire day looking for a new house
A. all long day

B. day after day

C. all day long

D. the long day

Question 4: I used to meet him occasionally on Avenue.
A. one time

B. sometimes

C. in one occasion D. none is correct

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 5: The bank announced that it was to merge with another of the high street banks.
A. associate

B. cooperate

C. assemble

D. separate

Question 6: He had never experienced such rudeness towards the president as it occurred
at the annual meeting in May.
A. impoliteness

B. encouragement

C. politeness

D. measurement

TEST FOR UNIT 9
I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the
rest.
1. a. grasses

b. stretches

c. comprises

d. potatoes


2. a. lie

b. wide

c. circle

d. comprise

3. a. compound

b. route

c. house

d. south

4. a. dune

b. hummock

c. shrub

d. buffalo

5. a. west

b. between

c. growth

d. which

II. Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the
underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one.
6. ________ Sahara of ________ Africa is the world's largest desert.
a. Ø/ the

b. The/ Ø

c. A/ an

d. The/ an

7. Deserts can be defined as areas that receive ________ average annual precipitation of less

than 250 mm.
a. a

b. an

c. the

d. Ø

8. The Sahara contains complex linear dunes that are ________ by almost 6 kilometers.
a. developed

b. separated

c. lay

d. located

9. A _______ is a landscape or region that receives very little precipitation.
a. dune

b. desert

c. sandy area

d. shrub land

10. Deserts are often composed of ________ and rocky surfaces.
a. water

b. trees

c. oil

d. sand

11. Three great stretches of sandy deserts almost circle the center of Australia.
a. dunes

b. valleys

c. lands

d. areas

12. Deserts are also classified by their ________ location and dominant weather pattern.
a. geographical

b. aerial

c. sandy

d. facial

13. Thanks to pictures taken by satellites, deserts have not ________ a mystery in our time.
a. hidden

b. intended

c. remained

d. attained

14. Deserts take ________ one-third of the Earth's land surface.
a. up

b. on

c. over

d. after

15. The Simpson Desert was named _______ Mr. Simpson, President of the South
Australian Branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australia.
a. with

b. at

c. after

d. for

16. In 1953, Peveril Meigs divided desert regions ________ Earth ________ categories
according to the amount of precipitation they received.
a. through/ in

b. from/ with

c. on/ into

d. in/ for


17. More and more ________ are very excited at discovering as many interesting things in
the deserts as possible.
a. explores

b. explorations

c. explorers

d. exploratory

18. Can you make a ________ estimate of how much our expedition in the desert may be?
a. rough

b. roughly

c. roughing

d. roughen

19. After Peter had returned from the Sahara desert, he was confined to bed by a ________
disease.
a. mystery

b. mysterious

c. mysteriously

d. mysteriousness

20. I want to work as an interpreter in the future, ________, I am studying Russian at
university.
a. but

b. so

c. however

d. therefore

21. I am going shopping for food this evening ________ I do not have to go at the weekend.
a. so

b. but

c. however

d. moreover

22. When she got the news from her family, she could not do anything, ________ cry.
a. but

b. and

c. so

d. however

23. Mrs. Lindon has ________ that she is unable to get a job.
a. but not enough education

b. so little education

c. however little education

d. such little education

24. That small car, ________, is advertised in many current magazines.
a. so inexpensive and comfortable
b. however inexpensive and comfortable
c. inexpensive but comfortable
d. and inexpensive but comfortable
25. We live in the same building ________ we have hardly seen each other
a. and

b. therefore

c. but

d. so

26. I went to buy a Rolling Stones CD ________ the shop didn't have it.
a. and

b. but

c. therefore

d. so

27. Anna needed some money, ________, she took a part-time job.
a. furthermore

b. moreover

c. however

d. therefore

28. Julie has a guitar ________ she plays it really well.
a. and

b. so

c. but

d. therefore

29. My fingers were injured ________ my sister had to write the note for me.


a. and

b. however

c. so

d. but

30. The concert was cancelled ________ we went to a nightclub instead.
a. so

b. however

c. so on

d. but

III. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
A desert is a hostile, potentially deadly environment for unprepared humans. In hot deserts,
high temperatures cause rapid loss of water due to sweating, and the absence of water
sources with which to replenish it can result in dehydration and death within a few days. In
addition, unprotected humans are also at risk from heatstroke.
Humans may also have to adapt to sandstorms in some deserts, not just in their adverse
effects on respiratory systems and eyes, but also in their potentially harmful effects on
equipment such as filters, vehicles and communication equipment. Sandstorms can last for
hours, sometimes even days.
Despite this, some cultures have made hot deserts 'their home for thousands of years,
including the Bedouin, Tuareg tribe, and Pueblo people. Modern technology, including
advanced irrigation systems, desalinization and air conditioning, has made deserts much
more hospitable, In the United States and Israel for example, desert farming has found
extensive use.
In cold deserts, hypothermia and frostbite are the chief hazards, as well as dehydration in
the absence of a source of heat to melt ice for drinking. Falling through pack-ice or surface
ice layers into freezing water is a particular danger requiring emergency action to prevent
rapid hypothermia. Starvation is also a hazard; in low temperatures the body requires much
more food energy to maintain body heat and to move. As with hot deserts, some people such
as the Inuit have adapted to the harsh conditions of cold deserts.

36. The text is about ________.
a. troubles that human beings have to face in a desert
b. desert storms and desert inhabitants
c. hot deserts and cold deserts in the United States
d. desert hospitality and environment
37. Which is not a problem for an unprepared man in a hot desert?
a. sandstorm

b. loss of water

38. Sandstorms ________.
a. do no harm to machinery

c. irrigation

d. heatstroke


b. have effects only on the eyes
c. never lasts more than one hour
d. have bad effects on both human beings and machinery
39. Which sentence is true?
a. No one can survive in both hot and cold deserts.
b. Modern technology makes deserts more hospitable.
c. In the United States, all deserts are quite uninhabited.
d. There are no deserts in Israel.
40. Which is not a problem in cold deserts?
a. Starvation

b. Hypothermia

c. Frostbite

d. Body heat

IV. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
Desert biomes are the (41) _____ of all the biomes. In fact, the most important characteristic
of a desert is that it receives very little (42) _____. Most deserts receive less than 300 mm a
year compared (43) __ rainforests, which receive over 2,000 mm. That means that the desert
only gets 10 percent of the rain that a rainforest gets! The temperature in the desert can (44)
_____ drastically from day to night because the air is. (45) _____ dry that heat escapes
rapidly at night. The daytime temperature averages 38°C (46) _____ in some deserts it can
get down to -4°C at night. The temperature also varies greatly depending on the (47) _____
of the desert.
Since desert conditions are so severe, the plants that live there need to have (48) _____ to
compensate for the lack of water. Some plants, such as cacti, (49) _____ water in their stems
and use it very slowly, while others like bushes conserve water by growing few leaves or by
having large root systems to gather water or few leaves. Some desert plant species have a
short life cycle of a few weeks that (50) _____ only during periods of rain.
41. a. coldest

b. hottest

c. driest

d. wettest

42. a. rain

b. rainfall

c. raindrop

d. raincoat

43. a. with

b. for

c. about

d. in

44. a. change

b. exchange

c. transform

d. transfer

45. a. such as

b. such

c. so much

d. so

46. a. when

b. while

c. as

d. because

47. a. part

b. region

c. area

d. location

48. a. adaptations

b. agreements

c. accepts

d. achievements


49. a. place

b. put

c. store

d. hold

50. a. spend

b. take

c. last

d. experience