Lecture Organizational behavior - Chap 8: Introducing organizational behavior
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Chapter 8
Teamwork and Team
Performance
Teams are worth the hard
work
Chapter 8 Study
Questions
What are high-performance teams?
How can team processes be improved?
How can team communications be improved?
How can team decisions be improved?
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,
How can we create high
performance teams?
Characteristics of High Performance Teams
• Set a clear and challenging direction.
• Believe in the goals and motivated to work hard to
accomplish them.
• Turn a general sense of purpose into specific
objectives.
• Set standards for measuring results and obtain
feedback.
• Members have the right mix of technical, problem-
solving and interpersonal skills.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,
How can we create high
performance teams?
Team Building
• Collaborative way to gather and analyze data about
the team’s work. The goal is improved teamwork
and increased team effectiveness.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,
Figure 8.1:
Steps in the teambuilding process
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How can we create high
performance teams?
Formal retreat approach
• Team building occurs during an offsite “retreat.”
Outdoor experience approach
• Members engage in a variety of physically
challenging situations that require teamwork.
Continuous improvement approach
• The manager, team leader, or group members
take responsibility for ongoing team building.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How can team processes
be improved?
New members may worry about:
• Participation
• Goals
• Control
• Relationships
• Processes
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Coping Mechanisms Used by New
Team Members
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How can team processes
be improved?
Distributed leadership
• Sharing of responsibility for meeting group task and
maintenance needs.
Task activities
• Various things members and leaders do that directly
contribute to the performance of important group tasks .
Maintenance activities
• Support the social and interpersonal relationships
among team members.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Distributed Leadership
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Figure 8.2 Task and
maintenance leadership in
team dynamics
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1-11
How can team processes
be improved?
Disruptive behaviors:
• Bullying and being overly aggressive toward
other members.
• Withdrawing and refusing to cooperate with
others.
• Using the group as a forum for self-confession.
• Talking too much about irrelevant matters.
• Trying to compete for attention and recognition.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How can team processes
be improved?
Role
• Set of expectations associated with a job or position on a
team.
Role ambiguity
• Occurs when a person is uncertain about his or her role
and what is expected.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How can team processes
be improved?
Role overload
• Occurs when too much is expected of the
individual.
Role underload
• Occurs when too little is expected of the
individual.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How can team processes
be improved?
Role conflict
• Occurs when a person is unable to respond to role
expectations that conflict with one another.
• Forms of role conflict
Intrasender, Intersender, Person-role, Inter-role.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How can team processes
be improved?
Role negotiation
• Process for discussing and agreeing upon what
team members expect of one another.
• Team members meet to discuss, clarify, and agree
on their individual role expectations each holds for
the other.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,
How can team processes
be improved?
Norms
• Represent ideas or beliefs about how
members are expected to behave.
• Considered rules or standards of conduct
that are supposed to guide members.
• Help members to guide their own behavior
and predict what others will do.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How can team processes
be improved?
Key norms that can have positive or negative
implications.
• Performance norms.
• Ethics norms.
• Organizational and personal pride norms.
• High-achievement norms.
• Support and helpfulness norms.
• Improvement and change norms.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How can team processes
be improved?
Leaders can
Influence
Norms
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How can team processes
be improved?
Cohesiveness
• The degree to which members are attracted to
a group and motivated to remain a part of it.
• There is a strong relationship between
cohesiveness, conformity to group norms, and
performance.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Figure 8.3 Cohesiveness and norms
influence behavior
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Figure 8.4 Ways to increase and
decrease team cohesiveness
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How can team processes
be improved?
Interteam dynamics
• The relationships between groups cooperating
and competing with one another.
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How can team processes
be improved?
Ways to achieve positive interteam dynamics
• Refocusing members on a common enemy or goal.
• Negotiating directly.
• Engaging members, of different teams, in activities
learning how to work cooperatively together.
• Refocusing reward systems to emphasize
contributions to overall organizational performance
and on how much teams help one another.
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Figure 8.5 Interaction patterns and
communication networks found in teams
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