Cisco Press 2000 - Voice over IP Fundamentals - Voice over IP Fundamentals

Voice over IP Fundamentals

Copyright Information
Copyright© 2000 Cisco Press
Cisco Press logo is a trademark of Cisco Systems, Inc.
Published by:
Cisco Press
201 West 103rd Street
Indianapolis, IN 46290 USA
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by
any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the
publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review.
Printed in the United States of America 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Number: 99-61716
Warning and Disclaimer
This book is designed to provide information about Voice over IP. Every effort has
been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no
warranty or fitness is implied.
The information is provided on an "as is" basis. The authors, Cisco Press, and Cisco
Systems, Inc., shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with
respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or
from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it.
The opinions expressed in this book belong to the authors and are not necessarily
those of Cisco Systems, Inc.
Trademark Acknowledgments
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks
have been appropriately capitalized. Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc., cannot
attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be
regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
Cisco Systems has more than 200 offices in the following countries.

Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on the Cisco
Connection Online Web site at />.
•
Argentina
•
Australia

2
•
Austria
•
Belgium
•
Brazil
•
Canada
•
Chile
•
China
•
Colombia
•
Costa Rica
•
Croatia
•
Czech Republic
•
Denmark

•
Dubai, UAE
•
Finland
•
France
•
Germany
•
Greece
•
Hong Kong
•
Hungary
•
India
•
Indonesia
•
Ireland
•
Israel
•
Italy
•
Japan
•
Korea
•
Luxembourg

•
Malaysia
•
Mexico
•
The Netherlands
•
New Zealand
•
Norway
•
Peru
•
Philippines
•
Poland
•
Portugal
•
Puerto Rico
•
Romania
•
Russia
•
Saudi Arabia
•
Singapore
•
Slovakia

•
Slovenia
•
South Africa
•
Spain
•
Sweden
•
Switzerland
•
Taiwan
•
Thailand
•
Turkey
•
Ukraine
•
United Kingdom
•
United States

3
•
Venezuela
Dedications
Jonathan Davidson:
Wife, Daughter, Son
To my beautiful wife Shelly for putting up with me during the nights and weekends

spent working on this book. A better wife, mother, and friend could not be asked for.
To my daughter Megan, who will probably be learning data and voice networking in
high school by the time she gets there. Also, my son Ethan, who will probably think
that video and audio conferencing is as common as videogames and VCRs were to
my generation.
James Peters:
To my son Justin, for his curiousity, friendship, and the bond that we share.
To my son Zachary, who has taught me to laugh and to not take life so seriously.
To my daughter Breanna, whose smile makes me realize how beautiful life is.
Voice over IP Fundamentals

Feedback Information

Acknowledgments


Introduction

Purpose of This Book

Audience

Chapter Organization

Features and Text Conventions

Timeliness

The Road Ahead…

I: PSTN


1. Overview of the PSTN and Comparisons to Voice over IP

The Beginning of the PSTN
Understanding PSTN Basics

PSTN Services and Applications

Drivers Behind the Convergence Between Voice and Data Networking

Packet Telephony Network Drivers

New PSTN Network Infrastructure Model

Summary


2. Enterprise Telephony Today

Similarities Between PSTN and ET
Differences Between PSTN and ET

Common ET Designs

Summary

3. Basic Telephony Signaling


4
Signaling Overview
E&M Signaling

CAS

ISDN

QSIG

DPNSS

Summary


4. Signaling System 7

SS7 Network Architecture
SS7 Protocol Overview

SS7 Examples

List of SS7 Specifications

Summary

5. PSTN Services

Plain Old Telephone Service

Integrated Services Digital Network

Business Services

Service Provider Services

Summary


II: Voice over IP Technology


6. Voice over IP Benefits and Applications

Key Benefits of VoIP

Packet Telephony Call Centers

Service Provider Calling-Card Case Study

Value-Added Services

Enterprise Case Study: Acme Corporation

Summary

7. IP Tutorial

OSI Reference Model
Internet Protocol

Data Link Layer Addresses

IP Addressing

Routing Protocols

EIGRP

IP Transport Mechanisms

Summary

References


8. VoIP: An In-Depth Analysis

Delay/Latency
Jitter

Pulse Code Modulation

Voice Compression

Echo

Packet Loss

Voice Activity Detection

Digital-to-Analog Conversion

Tandem Encoding

Transport Protocols

Dial-Plan Design

End Office Switch Call-Flow Versus IP Phone Call

Summary

References


9. Quality of Service


5
QoS Network Toolkit
Edge Functions

Traffic Policing

Backbone Networks

Rules of Thumb for QoS

Cisco Labs' QoS Testing

Summary


III: IP Signaling Protocols


10. H.323

H.323 Elements

H.323 Protocol Suite

H.323 Call-Flows

Summary


11. Session Initiation Protocol

SIP Overview
SIP Messages

Basic Operation of SIP

Summary


12. Gateway Control Protocols

Simple Gateway Control Protocol

Media Gateway Control Protocol

Summary


13. Virtual Switch Controller

Overview of the Virtual Switch

Open Packet Telephony

Packet Voice Network Overview

VSC Architecture and Operations

VSC Implementation

Summary


IV: Voice over IP Applied

14. Voice over IP Configuration Issues

Dial-Plan Considerations

Feature Transparency

Cisco's Dial-Plan Implementation

Summary


15. Voice over IP Applications and Services

Enterprise Applications and Benefits
Enterprise VoIP Case Study: B.A.N.C. Financing International

Service Provider Case Study: Prepaid Calling Card

Summary


A. ISUP Messages/ Types Formats

Feedback Information
At Cisco Press, our goal is to create in-depth technical books of the highest quality and value. Each book is
crafted with care and precision, undergoing rigorous development that involves the unique expertise of
members from the professional technical community.

6