đề cương ôn tập tiếng Anh 12 HKI

Trường THPT Nguyễn Hữu Thận Tài liệu ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh 12 – Học Kỳ 1
I. TENSES (THÌ)
Thì
Dạng
SIMPLE PRESENT
(Hiện Tại đơn)
SIMPLE PAST
(Quá Khứ đơn)
Khẳng định S + V [-s/-es] S + V-ed / 2
Phủ định S + don’t / doesn’t + V(bare-inf) S + didn’t + V(bare-inf)
Nghi vấn Do / Does + S + V (bare- inf) …? Did + S + V(bare-inf) …?
Bị động …am / is / are + V-ed/Vpp… …was / were + V-ed/Vpp…
Nhận biết
- always, usually, occasionally, often, …
- every : every day, every year…
- once…, twice…, 3 times…
- yesterday
- last : last week, last Sunday…
- ago : two months ago, five years ago…
- in the past
Thì
Dạng
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(Hiện Tại tiếp diễn)
PAST CONTINUOUS
(Quá Khứ tiếp diễn)
Khẳng định S + am / is / are + V-ing S + was / were + V-ing
Phủ định S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing
Nghi vấn Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing …? Was / Were + S + V-ing …?
Bị động …am / is / are + being + V-ed/Vpp… …was / were + being + V-ed/Vpp…
Nhận biết

- now, at present
- at the / this moment
- Sau câu mệnh lệnh :
Keep silent! The baby is sleeping
- At that moment
- When / As + (simple past):
When I came, she was crying.
- While :
A dog crossed the road while I was driving.
Thì
Dạng
PRESENT PERFECT
(Hiện Tại hoàn thành)
PAST PERFECT
(Qúa Khứ hoàn thành)
Khẳng định S + has / have + V-ed/Vpp S + had + V-ed/Vpp
Phủ định S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/Vpp S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp
Nghi vấn Has / Have + S + V-ed/Vpp …? Had + S + V-ed/Vpp…?
Bị động …has / have + been + V-ed/Vpp… …had been + V-ed/Vpp…
Nhận biết
- just, already, ever, yet, recent(ly), lately
- since, for : since 1995, for 9 years
- so far, up to now, from then
- after + (past perfect), (simple past)
- before + (simple past), (past perfect)
- by the time/when ( Vpast), Had + Vpp
Thì
Dạng
SIMPLE FUTURE
(Tương Lai đơn)

FUTURE PERFECT
(Tương Lai hoàn thành)
Khẳng định S + will + V (inf) S + will have+ V-ed/Vpp
Phủ định S + won’t + V (inf) S + won’t have + V-ed/Vpp
Nghi vấn Will + S + V (inf)…? Will + S + have + V-ed/Vpp…?
Bị động …will be + V-ed/Vpp… …will be + V-ed/Vpp…
Nhận biết
- tomorrow
- next… : next week, next Monday
- in the future
- by the end of this month
- by + (time in the future)
Khi chia động từ cần chú ý sự hòa hợp của chủ ngữ (S) và động từ (V):
* S1 + and + S2 => số nhiều. Ví dụ : Tom and Mary were late yesterday.
* Each, every, no + noun => số ít. Ví dụ : Each boy and girl has a textbook. No student is present
* (N)either + S1 + (n)or + S2 => chia theo S2. Ví dụ : He or you are the best student.
* S1, as well as + S2 => chia theo S1. Ví dụ : John, as well as you, is responsible for that report.
* Chủ ngữ là danh từ chỉ đo lường, giá cả, tiền => số ít. Ví dụ : 5,000 dollars is a big sum of money.
* Đại từ bất định (everyone, something, nobody…) => số ít. Ví dụ : Everybody is in the room.
II. PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)
S + [aux] + V
m
(động từ chính) + O
S + [aux] + Be + V-ed/Vpp + [by + O]
Ghi chú : - Động từ Be phải được chia cùng thì với câu chủ động hoặc cùng dạng với V
m
.
GV: Phan Thị Kim Cúc
1
Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Thn Ti liu ụn tp mụn Ting Anh 12 Hc K 1

- Trong cõu b ng, b [by + O] nu O l me, you, us, them, him, her, it, someone,
somebody, people
TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE
1. The simple present ( Hin ti n) S + V (-s /es) S + am/is /are + Vpp
2. The present. Continuous (H.ti tip din) S + am/ is/ are + V-ing S+ am/is / are/ + being + Vpp
3. The present perfect ( H.ti hon thnh) S + have/ has + Vpp S + have/ has + been + Vpp
4. The simple past (Quỏ kh n) S + V2/ V-ed S + was/ were + Vpp
5. The past continuous (Quỏ kh tip din) S + was/ were + V- ing S + was/ were + being+ Vpp
6. The past perfect (quỏ kh hon thnh) S + had + Vpp S + had+ been + Vpp
7. The simple future ( tng lai n) S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/ shall + be + Vpp
8 S + Model + V-bareInf S + Model + be + Vpp
Model: can, could, must, may, might, should, am going to.
Vớ d : They are painting the fence
= The pence is being painted by them
Tourists buy a lot of souvenirs today.
= A lot of souvenirs are bought by tourists today.
The manager should sign these contracts.
= These contracts should be signed by the manager.
* Mọỹt sọỳ daỷng cỏu biỷ õọỹng õỷc bióỷt:
1. Causative form: ( Thóứ nhồỡ baớo): Have hoỷc Get.
a. Have
* chuớ õọỹng : S + have + O.1(person) + bare -V + O.2 ( thing)
* bở õọỹng : S + have + O.2 (thing) + Vpp
Ex: I had him repair the roof yesterday.
---- I had the roof repaired yesterday.
b. Get
* chuớ õọỹng : S + get + O.1(person) + to- inf + O.2 ( thing)
* bở õọỹng : S + get + O.2 (thing) + Vpp
Ex: I will get her to cut my hair
---- I will get my hair cut.

2. Verbs of Opinion: Say, think, believe, know, report, declare, report, announce....
Coù 2 daỷng bở õọỹng:
* chuớ õọỹng: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2 + V + O)
* bở õọỹng : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause.
Hoỷc: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to - inf
Ex: - They said that John was the brightest student in class.
---- It was said that John was the brightest student in class.
----- John was said to be the brightest student in class.
Nu Verbs of Opinion thỡ hin ti, mnh c tng thut quỏ kh, ta dựng cu trỳc sau:
* chuớ õọỹng: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2+ V + O)
* bở õọỹng : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause.
Hoỷc: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to have Vpp
Ex: They know that Mary won the competition.
---- It is known that Mary won the competition
---- Mary is known to have won the competition.
3. S (thing)

+ need + to be V pp Ex: These trees need to be watered every day
or : S (thing) + need + V-ing These trees need watering every day
______________________________________________________________________________________
III. REPORTED SPEECH (CU TNG THUT)
bin i mt cõu trc tip sang cõu giỏn tip cn:
1. i ch ng v cỏc i t nhõn xng khỏc trong cõu trc tip theo ch ng ca thnh phn th nht.
2. Lựi ng t mnh 2 v mt bc so vi lỳc ban u.
3. Bin i cỏc i t, phú t ch thi gian v a im theo bng qui nh.
Bng i ng t
Direct speech Indirect speech
Simple present ( Hin ti n)
Present progressive (H.ti tip din)
Present perfect (Progressive)

Simple past (Quỏ kh n)
Will/Shall
Can/May
Simple past (Quỏ kh n)
Past progressive
Past perfect(Progressive) (quỏ kh hon thnh)
Past perfect (quỏ kh hon thnh)
Would/ Should
Could/ Might
Bng i cỏc i t ch th, phú t ch a im v thi gian
Today
Yesterday
That day
The day before
GV: Phan Th Kim Cỳc
2
Trường THPT Nguyễn Hữu Thận Tài liệu ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh 12 – Học Kỳ 1
The day before yesterday
Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow
Next + Time ( week, month, year….)
Last + Time ( week, month, year….)
Time + ago
This, these
Right now
Here, Overhere
Two days before
The next/ the following day
In two days
The following + Time ( week, month, year….)

The previous + Time ( week, month, year….)
Time + before
That, those
At once
There, Overthere
Ví dụ : - He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.”

He said that he had lost his pen that morning.
- She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.”

She told him that she would go with him the next day.
- He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.”

He said that he would come there to take that book.
- They said to us : “You must do this work right now.”

They told us that we had to do that work at once.
Lưu ý : Trong câu tường thuật, cần chú ý câu hỏi làm tân ngữ cho động từ tường thuật:
V (tường thuật) +
wh- / how…
+ S + V
if / whether (câu hỏi Y/N)
Ví dụ : “What are you doing?” asked my father.
= My father asked me what I was doing.
“Have you seen that film?” John asked.
= John wanted to know if I had seen that film.
He asked them “How many children do you have?”
= He asked them how many children they had.
______________________________________________________________________________________
IV. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)

1. Điều kiện loại 1 :
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
Simple Present
S + V[-e/es]
S + don’t / doesn’t + V(inf)
Simple Future
S + will + V(inf)
S + will not + V(inf)
Will + S + V(inf)…?
Unless = if…….not
Ví dụ: Study hard or you will fail the exam.
= Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam.
= If you don’t study hard , you will fail the exam.
Ghi chú :
- Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải có dấu phẩy (,)
- Sau Unless không được dùng dạng phủ định (Ví dụ : không được viết Unless you don’t write)
2. Điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 :
TYPE IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
II
Simple Past
Be  were (was)
S + V-ed/2
S + didn’t + V(inf)
S + would / could + V(inf)
S + wouldn’t / couldn’t +V(inf)
Would / Could + S + V(inf)… ?
III
Past Perfect
S + had + V-ed/Vpp
S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp

S + would / could have + V-ed/3
S + wouldn’t / couldn’t have + V-ed/3
Would / Could + S + have + V-ed/3…?
Điều kiện loại 2 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại
Điều kiện loại 3 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở quá khứ
Dạng bài tập : Biến đổi câu. Dựa vào tình huống (thường có 2 câu hoặc 2 mệnh đề) để xác định
+ 1 câu hoặc mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân
+ 1 câu hoặc mệnh đề chỉ kết quả
Because + nguyên nhân So + kết quả
GV: Phan Thị Kim Cúc
3
Trường THPT Nguyễn Hữu Thận Tài liệu ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh 12 – Học Kỳ 1
Therefore
As a result
That’s why
=> Áp dụng trong câu điều kiện : If + (nguyên nhân) , (kết quả)
Lưu ý : + Nếu tình huống được cho ở thì hiện tại đơn, ta áp dụng câu điều kiện loại 2
+ Nếu tình huống được cho ở thì quá khứ đơn, ta áp dụng câu điều kiện loại 3
+ Câu điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 là không có thật ở hiện tại nên cả hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện phải ở dạng
phủ định của câu hoặc mệnh đề ban đầu.
Ví dụ : He doesn’t hurry, so he misses the train (tình huống hiện tại  loại 2)
= If he hurried, he wouldn’t miss the train
They don’t go camping because the weather is bad. (tình huống hiện tại  loại 2)
= If the weather weren’t bad, they would go camping.
She stayed up late. That’s why she was ill. (tình huống quá khứ  loại 3)
= If she hadn’t stayed up late, she wouldn’t have been ill.
________________________________________________________________________________
V. RELATIVE CLAUSE (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ )
1. Chức năng của các đại từ quan hệ :
WHO : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người (làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ)

WHOM : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người (làm tân ngữ)
WHICH : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật (làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ)
WHOSE : thay thế cho một hình thức sở hữu (sở hữu cách, tính từ sở hữu, of …)
WHERE : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ nơi chốn = (giới từ) + WHICH
WHEN : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ thời gian = (giới từ) + WHICH
WHY : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ nguyên nhân, lí do ( for + reason)
2. Quy tắt :
(Danh từ chỉ người) + WHO + S
+ S + V…
(Danh từ chỉ người) + WHOM + S + V…
(Danh từ chỉ vật) + WHICH + S + V…
+ V…
(Danh từ) + WHOSE + noun + V…
+ S + V…
(Danh từ chỉ nơi chốn) + WHERE + S + V…
(Danh từ chỉ thời gian) + WHEN + S + V…
Ví dụ : - The man gave me the money. He met me at the airport.
 The man who met me at the airport gave me the money.
- This is the man. We saw him at the party yesreday.
 This is the man whom/ who we saw at the party yesterday.
- The pencil belongs to me. It is in your pocket.
 The pencil which is in your pocket belongs to me.
- The car is very expensive. He bought it.
 The car which he bought is very expensive.
- There is the man. His wallet was stolen.
 There is the man whose wallet was stolen.
- The tree should be cut down. The branches of the tree are dead.
 The tree whose branches are dead should be cut down.
- That is the village. I live in the village.
 That is the village where I live.

Lưu ý : Có 02 loại mệnh đề quan hệ:
* Defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) : đối với loại mệnh đề này, ta có thể dùng THAT thay thế cho
WHO, WHOM hoặc WHICH
- The man who/ that met me at the airport gave me the money.
- The pencil which/ that is in your pocket belongs to me.
* Non-defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định) : loại mệnh đề này thường đứng sau một danh từ
riêng và phải có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính, không được sử dụng THAT để thay thế
- Shakespeare, who wrote “Romeo and Juliet”, died in 1616.
- Vietnam, which lies in Southeast Asia, is rich in coal.
VI. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION
I. Phrases of concession:
In spite of Noun
+ Phrase
Despite V-ing
Ex: In spite of the bad weather, they went on a picnic
Despite having a good job, she feels unhappy.
II. Clauses of concession:
GV: Phan Thị Kim Cúc
4
Trường THPT Nguyễn Hữu Thận Tài liệu ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh 12 – Học Kỳ 1
1. Although
Though + Clause ( S + V ….)
Even though
Ex: Although they are old, they jog every day
2. In spite of the fact that
Despite the fact that + Clause ( S + V ….)
Ex: In spite of the fact that he could speak 2 foreign languages, he didn’t have a good job.

VII. PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM)
1. MỘT VÀI QUY TẮC VỀ TRỌNG ÂM (STRESS)

Quy tắc Ví dụ Ngoại lệ
1. Từ có 2 vần:
- Thường nhấn ở vần đầu
- Danh từ hoặc tính từ: nhấn ở vần đầu
- Động từ: nhấn ở vần cuối
Candy, really, active, carrot
Dictate, present, export, rebel
Dictate, present, export, rebel
Cadec, divine, possess,
guitar, patrol, manure
2. Các từ tận cùng là: IC, ION, IA, IAL, IAN, IAR,
IENCE, IENCY, IENT, IANCE, IUM, IOUS, EOUS,
UOUS, trọng âm thường đặt ngay trước những âm này
Economic, revision, colonial,
magnesia, musician, familiar,
experience, efficient, allegiance,
gymnasium, abstemious, continuous
Arithmetic, heretic,
appliance, reliance,
defiance
3. Các từ tận cùng là: OUS, ATE, TUDE, ITY, ETY,
AL, LOGY, GRAPHY, METRY, NOMY, CY trọng âm
thường từ âm thứ 3 từ sau ra trước.
Adventurous, considerate, altitude,
capacity, variety, mechanical,
astrology, photography, calorimetry,
antinomy, democracy
Incarnate, disastrous
4. Các từ tận cùng là: ADE, EE, ESE, EER, OO, OON,
ETTE, ESQUE, trọng âm thường nhấn ở vần cuối.

Charade, referee, Vietnamese,
engineer, taboo, balloon, cigarette,
burlesque
Centigrade, committee,
overseer
5. Danh từ kép, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu Blackbird, greenhouse
6. Tính từ kép, động từ kép, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết
thứ hai
Bad-tempered, old-fashioned
understand, overflow
2. PHÁT ÂM (PRONUNCIATION) : CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –S / ES VÀ -ED
Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là Thêm –S/ES đọc là Ví dụ
-p, -pe / p /
/ s /
Stops, hopes, develops, copes
-t, -te / t / Bats , hats, hates, writes
-k, -ke / k / Books, looks, breaks, makes
-gh, -ph / f / Laughs, photographs
-th, -the / θ / Lengths, bathes
-x, -s, -ce, -se / s /
/ iz /
Boxes, kisses, pieces, houses
-se / z / Uses (v), browses
-sh / ∫ / Washes, smashes
-ge / dz / Languages, bridges, ranges
-ch
/ ʧ /
Watches, matches, catches
Trường hợp còn lại / z / Pens, tables, disappears
Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là Thêm –ED đọc là Ví dụ

-d, -de / d / / id / Decided, needed
-t, -te / t / Wanted, dedicated
-k, -ke / k /
/ t /
Looked, caked,
-gh, -ph / f / Laughed, paragraphed
-x, -s, -ce, -se / s / Mixed, missed, pronounced
-p, -pe / p / Dropped, developed, roped
-sh / ∫ / Established, finished
-ch
/ ʧ /
Scratched, stretched
Trường hợp còn lại / d / Used (v), prepared, cleaned
PRACTICE TEST 1
I- Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest:
1. A. listen B. visitor C. continue D. interesting
2. A. different B. world C. disaster D. practiced
3. A. question B. station C. nation D. population
4. A. climbed B. stationed C. belonged D. established
5. A. parks B. walks C. visits D. combs
II- Multiple choice:
6. “Did you meet Ann here at the university ?” “No, we ………..when I started college.”
GV: Phan Thị Kim Cúc
5
Trường THPT Nguyễn Hữu Thận Tài liệu ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh 12 – Học Kỳ 1
A. have already met B. had already met C. had already been meeting D. already met
7. If my client _______ me her fax number, I _______ to post a letter to her.
A. gave,/ will not have B. will give / do not have
C. had given / wouldn't have had D. had given / will not have had
8. “ Would you like to go to the pop concert?” “ Thanks, but I ……..it already”

A. had seen B. have been seen C. have seen D. did see
9. He is very worried _______ his new job because he is not quite prepared _______ working.
A. on / over B. to / off C. about / for D. in / at
10.The national……….is a programme of study in all the main subjects that children aged 5 to 16 in state schools must follow.
A. syllabus B. course C. plan D. curriculum
11. For the government, education is now at the top of ……………
A. agenda B. outline C. order D. plan
12. It is the soft ware package to…………your requirements.
A. meet B. fulfill C. satisfy D. All are correct
13. These goods are more than we need; they are ………..to requirements.
A. extra B. surplus C. addition D. bonus
14. When I last saw him, he ……….in London.
A. has lived B. is living C. was living D. has been living
15. We ………..Dorothy since Last Saturday.
A. don’t see B. haven’t seen C. didn’t see D. hadn’t seen
16. “What did you do last night?” “ I watched TV, practiced the piano and ……….my homework”
A. made B. do C. done D. did
17. “ Those eggs of different colors are very artistic”. “Yes, they………in Russia”
A. were painted B. were paint C. were painting D. painted
18. “ David is in prison for smoking drugs.” “ He ………that it was against the law.”
A. is telling B. was told C. told D. tells
19. “ The maintenance people didn’t remove the chairs from ballroom.” “ Don’t worry. They …………them before the dance
begins.”
A. will have been moved B. will have moved C. were moved D. moved
20. Gold………. in California in the 19
th
century.
A. was discovered B. has been discovered C. was discover D. they discovered
21. ………..that military spending is extremely high.
A. We are felt B. It feels C. It is felt D. We feel that it

22. I wouldn’t go there at night if I ……….you.
A. am B. was C. were D. B and C are correct
23. Someone who is _______ is hopeful about the future or the success of something in particular.
A. powerful B. optimistic C. stagnant D. pessimistic
24. While girls lack of ….………, boys often overestimate their abilities.
A. confidence B. confident C. confidently D. confidences
25. Your medical records are strictly ……………,we keep them in secret
A. confidence B. confident C. confidently D. confidential
26. Housework has………….been regarded as woman’s work .
A. traditionally B. traditional C. tradition D. traditionalist
27._______, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired
28. We should like to………our apologies for the delay to your flight today.
A. offer B. make C. do D. A and B
29. The school pays for heating and the……….of the buildings.
A. maintenance B. mantenant C. maintaining D. maintenances
30. If she _______ the train last night, she …………….here now.
A. took / were B. were taking / is C. had taken / would have been D. had taken / would be
31. The area is being promoted ………..a tourist destination.
A. of B. as C. at D.for
32. We are concerned with the problem of energy resources ______we must also think of our environment.
A. despite B. though C. as though D. but
33. A …………..knit in community is the one in which relationships are very close.
A. close B. closely C. tightly D. B and C
34. Mrs. Brown is bored with doing the…………chores.
A. household B. domestic C. housework D. A and B
35. The singer, _______ most recent recording has had much success, is signing autographs.
A. whose B. that C. who D. whom
IV- Read the passage and choose the best answer:
We are all destroying the earth. The seas and the rivers are too dirty to swim in. There is so much smoke in the air that it is

unhealthy to live in many of the world’s cities. In one well-known city, for example, poisonous gases from cars pollute the air so
much that traffic policemen have to wear oxygen masks.
We have cut down so many trees that there are now vast areas of land all over the world. As a result, farmers in parts of
Africa cannot grow enough food to eat. In certain countries in Asia there is too little rice. Moreover, we do not take enough care
of the countryside. Wild animals are quickly disappearing. For instance, tigers are rare in India now and because we have killed
GV: Phan Thị Kim Cúc
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