localization y học

Cardiovascular Localization


Contents

Cardiac Localization
 Chambers & Great Vessels
 Valves
 Coronary Arteries


Cardiac Localizers
Multi-Plane

Transverse

Coronal

Sagittal


Cardiac Localizers
*Pseudo 2-Chamber Vertical Long Axis

Localization :
1.
2.
3.

Parallel to ventricular septum in transverse view
Bisect LV chamber in transverse view

Use large FOV to avoid phase wrap


Cardiac Localizers
*Pseudo 4-Chamber Horizontal Long Axis

Localization :
1.
2.
3.

Parallel to long axis in 2 chamber view
Bisect mitral valve and bisect apex
Use large FOV to avoid phase wrap


Cardiac Localizers
*Pseudo Short Axis

Localization :
1.
2.
3.

Perpendicular to long axis on 2 chamber view
Multiple slices with coverage from atria to apex
Use large FOV to avoid phase wrap


Cardiac Localizers

True 2-Chamber Vertical Long Axis

1
3
2

Localization :
1.
2.
3.
4.

Bisects LV apex (1) and mitral valve (2) in 4 chamber view
Through mid LV chamber (3) in short axis view
Parallel to ventricular septum in both views
Use large FOV to avoid phase wrap


Cardiac Anatomy
2-Chamber Vertical Long Axis

Anterior Wall
Left Atrium

Left Ventricle
Mitral Valve
Posterior Wall


Cardiac Localizers

True 4-Chamber Horizontal Long Axis

2

1

Localization :
1.
2.
3.
4.

Through mid LV chamber and RV apex (1) in mid short axis view
Avoid LV outflow tract (2) in basal short axis view
Parallel to long axis in 2 chamber view
Use large FOV to avoid phase wrap


Cardiac Anatomy
4-Chamber Horizontal Long Axis

Right
Ventricle

Ventricular
Septum

Right
Atrium

Left
Ventricle

Tricuspid
Valve
Atrial
Septum

Mitral
Valve
Left
Atrium


Cardiac Localizers
True Short Axis

Localization :
1.
2.
3.
4.

Perpendicular to long axis on 2 chamber view
Perpendicular to long axis on 4 chamber view
In-plane rotation on short axis view
Use large FOV to avoid phase wrap


Cardiac Anatomy

Short Axis

Papillary Muscles
Right Ventricle

Ventricular
Septum

Left Ventricle
LV Outflow Tract


Cardiac Localizers
3-Chamber Left Ventricular Outflow Tract

Localization :
1.
2.
3.

Parallel to long axis and through LV apex in both long axis views
Bisect LV outflow tract (arrow) in basal short axis view
Use large FOV to avoid phase wrap


Cardiac Anatomy
3-Chamber Left Ventricular Outflow Tract

Ascending Aorta
Left Atrium

Aortic Valve
Cordae Tendonae

Left Ventricle

Mitral Valve


Cardiac Localizers
Aortic Outflow Tract

Localization :
1.
2.
3.

Position through LV outflow tract on 3-chamber view
Bisect aortic valve (arrow)
Use large FOV to avoid phase wrap


Cardiac Anatomy
Aortic Outflow Tract

Ascending Aorta
Pulmonary Artery

Aortic Valve
Right Atrium
Papillary Muscle

Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle


Cardiac Localizers
Right Ventricular Inflow Tract

2
2
1
3
3

Localization :
1.
2.
3.

Parallel to ventricular septum and bisect tricuspid valve (1) in 4 chamber view
Bisect RV outflow tract (2) and Rt atrium (3) in basal short axis views
Use large FOV to avoid phase wrap


Cardiac Anatomy
Right Ventricular Inflow Tract

Ascending Aorta

Pulmonary Artery

Superior Vena Cava

Pulmonic Valve

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

Tricuspid Valve

Posterior RV Wall


Cardiac Localizers
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract

1

2

Localization :
1.
2.
3.

Bisect pulmonary artery on transverse view (1)
Bisect pulmonic valve on right ventricular inflow view (2)
Use large FOV to avoid phase wrap

Cardiac Anatomy
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract

Aortic Arch

Pulmonic Valve

Pulmonary Artery

Right Ventricular
Outflow Tract
Left Ventricle


Cardiac Localizers
Valves

Aortic Valve

Mitral Valve

Tricuspid Valve

Pulmonic Valve


Cardiac Localizers
Aortic Valve

open

Localization:

closed

• Position across aortic valve (arrows)
in LVOT & aortic views


Cardiac Anatomy
Aortic Valve

Right Ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
Right Atrium

Right Cusp
RVOT
Comissure
Left Cusp

Posterior Cusp
Left Atrium

Comissure
Aorta Descendens

Cardiac Localizers
Mitral Valve

Localization:

• Position across mitral valve (arrows) in
2-chamber, 3-chamber, and 4-chamber
views

Closed

Open


Cardiac Anatomy
Mitral Valve

Pulmonic Valve
Anterior Leaflet

Comissure
Posterior Leaflet

Right Atrium
Vena Cava Inferior