Test bank for biology of humans 6th edition by goodenough

Test Bank for Biology of Humans 6th Edition by Goodenough

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Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) If an object were collected on Mars by the rover Curiosity, it would be considered a living
organism if it ________.
A) contained DNA and reproduced
B) responded to environmental stimuli
C) had metabolic activities and maintained homeostasis
D) All of the above are true.

1)

2) Which of the following is not a characteristic of all living things?
A) They are composed of multiple cells.
B) They respond to stimuli.
C) They contain carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
D) They have adaptive traits.

2)

3) Which statement is incorrect?
A) Only living things contain nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
B) Only living things can grow.
C) Only living things are composed of cells.
D) Only living things maintain homeostasis.

3)

4) You are classifying an organism and trying to determine to which domain it belongs. The
organism is unicellular and was isolated from a very unusual environment. This organism
probably belongs in which domain?
A) Archaea
B) Bacteria
C) Eukarya
D) None of the domains above is correct.

4)

5) A scientist discovers an unidentified organism that is composed of multiple cells and has a
membrane-bound nucleus. Of the choices listed, the most likely classification would be ________.
A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) fungi
D) Any of the above could be correct.

5)

6) Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are called ________ because they lack a nucleus and
internal compartments.
A) eukaryotes
B) molds
C) prokaryotes
D) protists

6)

7) Which of the following types of organisms are not composed of eukaryotic cells?

A) fungi
B) protists
C) animals
D) plants

7)
E) bacteria

8) Cells that possess a nucleus and a membrane system that establishes internal compartments belong
in which of the following groups?
A) Archaea
B) Bacteria
C) viruses
D) eukaryotes

8)

9) Humans belong to which of the following domains?
A) Bacteria
B) Eukarya
C) vertebrates

9)
D) Archaea

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Test Bank for Biology of Humans 6th Edition by Goodenough

Full file at />10) Which of the following levels of organization would a single-celled organism be excluded from?
A) population
B) tissue
C) cellular
D) molecular

10)

11) How does a population differ from an ecosystem?
A) An ecosystem includes a community, whereas a population does not.
B) A population consists of all living organisms in an area, whereas an ecosystem consists of
only one species.
C) A population consists of all living organisms in the area, whereas an ecosystem consists of all
living and nonliving aspects of an area.
D) An ecosystem and a population are identical; they are two terms for the same concept.

11)

12) Living organisms are members of all of the levels listed; however, rocks are components of
________.
A) the community
B) the population
C) the ecosystem
D) an organism

12)

13) A statement such as "If human body temperature increases to a certain level, then critical proteins
will be denatured" would most likely be associated with ________.

A) deductive reasoning
B) a conclusion
C) inductive reasoning
D) a hypothesis

13)

14) "An athlete who uses dietary supplements will perform better than one who doesn't." This
statement would be an example of which of the following?
A) hypothesis
B) inductive reasoning
C) theory
D) clinical trial

14)

15) Researchers testing new drugs usually give the drug to one group of people and give placebos,
"sugar pills," to another group. The group receiving the placebo ________.
A) is needed so that the test will be repeated enough times
B) is the control group
C) is a backup in case some of the people getting the drug drop out of the test
D) constitutes the experimental group

15)

16) Which process used to solve problems in science involves accumulating facts through observation
until the evidence leads to a general statement about nature?
A) theory
B) hypothesis
C) deductive reasoning

D) inductive reasoning

16)

17) In a double-blind experiment, ________.
A) the researchers are unaware of which participants are in the experimental and control groups
B) participants are randomly assigned to a control or experimental group
C) the participants are unaware of whether they are in the experimental or control groups
because of the use of placebos
D) All of the above are true.

17)

18) The term ________ variable refers to one of two variables involved in an experiment, in which
neither variable can be isolated as having an effect.
B) confounding
C) multiple
D) statistical
A) blind

18)

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Test Bank for Biology of Humans 6th Edition by Goodenough

Full file at />19) During phase I clinical trials, a new drug is tested ________.
A) in an animal model

B) on a few hundred human volunteers
C) on fewer than 100 human volunteers
D) on thousands of human volunteers

19)

20) A study shows that people who eat fish three times a week live longer. Based on this study, which
of the following can you not conclude?
A) Fish is a healthy choice of food.
B) There is a correlation between eating fish in the diet and the length of life.
C) Eating fish causes longer life.
D) All of the above can be concluded based on this study.

20)

21) Information literacy involves the ability to ________.
A) evaluate and apply information to a problem
B) recognize what you need to know
C) locate relevant information
D) All of the above are correct.

21)

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
22) ________ is the ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment.

22)

23) Traits that enable an organism to survive and reproduce in its natural environment are
called ________.

23)

24) The domain Eukarya has ________ kingdoms.

24)

25) A community and its physical environment are often referred to as a(n) ________.

25)

26) A(n) ________ is all of the species in an ecosystem that can interact in a geographic area.

26)

27) All individuals of a species that can interbreed in an area are called a(n) ________.

27)

28) A(n) ________ is a group of similar cells that perform the same function.

28)

29) The smallest functional unit of life is known as a(n) ________.

29)

30) A(n) ________ group is treated like an experimental group, except for the one variable
being tested.

30)

31) An educated guess or a testable statement used to answer a question about observations is
referred to as a(n) ________.

31)

32) ________ reasoning involves gathering facts that lead toward a logical generalized
statement or conclusion.

32)

33) A(n) ________ is a substance that appears to be identical to a drug being tested but has no
known effect on the condition being studied.

33)

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Test Bank for Biology of Humans 6th Edition by Goodenough

Full file at />34) A(n) ________ involves drug testing on humans.

34)

35) When making scientific decisions in one's life, it is best to ask questions, gather and
evaluate information and evidence, and carefully consider the sources of the material. This
process is called ________.

35)

MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
36) A nondrug substance made to look
like a real drug.

A) Critical thinking

36)

B) Metabolism
37) The collection of all chemical reactions
that occur in a cell.
38) A testable explanation for an
observation.
39) A well-supported explanation for a
particular scientific phenomenon.
40) A document that lists all potential
negative effects of participation in a
study.
41) These examine patterns within
populations to find a correlation
between a variable and its suspected
effects.

37)
C) Theory
D) Informed consent agreement

38)

E) Ecosystem
39)
F) Epidemiologic studies
G) Hypothesis

40)

H) Adaptive trait
I) Placebo

41)

J) Homeostasis

42) The process of evaluating evidence
and its source carefully before
drawing conclusions.

42)

43) Specific areas in which certain living
organisms interact with their
environment.

43)

44) The ability to maintain a relatively

constant internal environment.

44)

45) A genetic trait that helps an organism
survive and reproduce in its
environment.

45)

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Test Bank for Biology of Humans 6th Edition by Goodenough

Full file at />ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
46) A particular virus consists of only DNA and proteins. Viruses attach to the surface of a host cell and inject the
viral DNA into the host. The host cell then copies the viral DNA and makes new viruses. Eventually, the host
cell is killed, and the new viruses are released. These new viruses search for new hosts to continue the cycle.
Identify and apply at least three characteristics of life to justify whether a virus is a living thing.
47) List and briefly explain the organization of life, beginning at the molecular level and continuing through the
biosphere.
48) Explain how the destruction of the original tropical forests will affect the development of new medicines.
49) How can you test the following statement using the scientific methodology? "Exam performance improves as
the amount of sleep obtained the night before an exam increases."
50) It is notoriously difficult to perform unbiased studies when human subjects are used. When governmental
agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are trying to determine the validity of scientific
claims, they very closely examine the methods used in the experiments. What are the three phases of clinical
trial, and which one(s) must a drug pass in order to be sold in U.S. markets?

51) Lately, many claims concerning the health benefits of green tea have appeared in the news. Suppose you read a
claim that says drinking green tea causes weight loss. The information provided states that participants were
weighed at the beginning of the study, were then asked to drink 2 cups of green tea every day for 6 weeks, and
finally were weighed at the end of the study. Participants who drank the tea for 6 weeks seemed to have lost
some weight by the end of the study, so the researchers concluded that green tea is helpful for weight loss. This
study has some obvious holes in it. Explain three things that could be done to improve the design of this study.
Do not assume any information other that what has been provided.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
52) My primary health care provider can be ________.
A) a doctor, a nurse practitioner, or a physician assistant
B) only a physician
C) a health insurance company
D) only an MD

52)

53) As a patient, you should ________.
A) accept all the decisions that medical professionals make
B) develop health literacy
C) not have a primary health care provider
D) never ask questions

53)

54) Your younger brother has cut himself with a rusty knife he found in the garden. The wound is not
life threatening, but it is deep enough that it makes you concerned. You would ________.
A) make an appointment with his physician
B) take him to a DO
C) take him to an ER
D) make an appointment with his primary health care provider

54)

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Test Bank for Biology of Humans 6th Edition by Goodenough

Full file at />55) How do inpatients differ from outpatients?
A) Inpatients are admitted to a hospital for at least one night.
B) Inpatients have internal pain, whereas outpatients have outside wounds.
C) Inpatients have an infectious disease.
D) Inpatients cannot wait for a doctor patiently.

55)

56) When you chose your physician, it is important that ________.
A) he or she work in a big hospital and not in private care
B) you feel comfortable with his or her style
C) he or she be both an MD and a DO
D) he or she have e-mail and phone access 24/7

56)

57) You can receive public information about your physician from ________.
A) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
B) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
C) the Federation of State Medical Boards
D) the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

57)

58) If you are not satisfied with your physician, ________.
A) your insurance company requires you to stay with him or her
B) you should go to the ER with every symptom
C) you are allowed to find another one who better suits your needs
D) it is too late to find a new one because you signed a contract

58)

59) For your first meeting with your physician, you should ________.
A) prepare a list of medical questions and concerns
B) make an extensive web search about your symptoms and bring printouts to your meeting
C) always go alone because confidential information is being discussed
D) bring prescribed medications only; your vitamins or over-the-counter pills do not matter

59)

60) You can ask your doctor ________.
A) what to do if you do not receive your test results
B) whether your weight or blood pressure is in a healthy range
C) whether your new medication will interact with any dietary supplements you are taking
D) All of the above are true.

60)

61) It is your responsibility to ________.
A) read the label every time you open a new medication
B) follow up if test results do not arrive

C) find a doctor you feel comfortable talking to
D) All of the above are true.

61)

62) Your doctor recommends that you undergo a major surgery. You should ________.
A) immediately make an appointment for the surgery
B) visit the ER
C) seek a second opinion from another doctor
D) ignore his or her recommendation

62)

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Test Bank for Biology of Humans 6th Edition by Goodenough

Full file at />63) Your health care agent cannot ________.
A) make health care decisions for you
B) be any other person but your physician
C) be an employee of the health care provider unless he or she is a member of your family
D) be younger than 12 but older that 18 years old

63)

64) When you need to go to a hospital for a surgery, you should ________.
A) relax and try to avoid asking questions
B) pick the nearest hospital for convenience

C) go to a hospital that is known to have success in treating your medical condition
D) trust the nurses and doctors there because medical errors in hospitals are very rare

64)

65) Which is not true of medical errors?
A) They are always the fault of the physician.
B) They can be the result of an incorrect lab test.
C) They can be the result of faulty equipment.
D) They are the third leading cause of death in the United States.

65)

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
66) Doctors who pass an examination designed and administered by the specialty board are
referred to as ________.

66)

67) A(n) ________ can act as your legal representative and has the right to make health care
decisions for you if your doctor decides you are unable to make them yourself.

67)

68) Between 210,000 and 400,000 people die each year in the United States as a result of
medical errors in hospitals. This number makes medical errors the ________ leading cause
of death.

68)

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

69) Look at the label above. What is the name of your primary health care provider?

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Test Bank for Biology of Humans 6th Edition by Goodenough

Full file at />70) Look at the label above. What is the maximum time you should keep this medication?
71) You are a very healthy 23-year-old. You complete a health care proxy and name your 19-year-old brother as
your health care agent. Can he be legally your health care agent? What will be his responsibilities?

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Test Bank for Biology of Humans 6th Edition by Goodenough

Full
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/>Answer
Testname: UNTITLED26

1) D
2) A
3) B
4) A
5) C

6) C
7) E
8) D
9) B
10) B
11) A
12) C
13) A
14) A
15) B
16) D
17) D
18) B
19) C
20) C
21) D
22) Homeostasis
23) adaptive traits
24) four
25) ecosystem
26) community
27) population
28) tissue
29) cell
30) control
31) hypothesis
32) Inductive
33) placebo
34) clinical trial
35) critical thinking

36) I
37) B
38) G
39) C
40) D
41) F
42) A
43) E
44) J
45) H
46) Whether a virus is a living thing is debatable. Students may argue that a virus is not alive because it does not
reproduce on its own, it is not made of cells, etc. However, a student may argue in the other direction based on his or
her interpretation of the characteristics of life. For example, the student might answer that viruses do reproduce by
coercing their host cells into copying their contents.
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Full
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/>Answer
Testname: UNTITLED26

47) Molecules exist in the cell, which is the basic unit of life, and cells can be arranged to form tissues, which in turn can
form organs. Organs can be arranged into organ systems that carry out a particular physiological function. Cells,
tissues, organs, and organ systems make up an individual organism. A group of individuals of the same species in a
given area form a population. Many populations in an ecosystem make up a community, and all living organisms and
abiotic factors that support life on Earth form the biosphere.

48) More than 25% of the prescription medicines in the United States contain chemicals that came from medically
important plants. Important medicines, such as aspirin and digitalis, were discovered in plants that had been used as
folk remedies. The majority of plant species are in tropical forests. Deforestation will result in the loss of many plant
species, and humanity will have no way of knowing what potential new medicines are being destroyed.
49) The students should formulate a hypothesis, design an experiment that tests their hypothesis, have a control group,
explain how they will collect data, and explain how they will analyze their data.
50) Phase I tests whether the drug is safe for humans, determines the effective dosage range, and identifies side effects.
Phase II tests whether the drug works for its intended purpose. Phase III tests how the drug compares to already
existing, available treatments. A drug needs to pass all three phases to be approved by the FDA.
51) The student can suggest that a control group be used and/or that placebos be used. Also, the study could be
double-blind.
52) A
53) B
54) C
55) A
56) B
57) C
58) C
59) A
60) D
61) D
62) C
63) C
64) C
65) A
66) board certified
67) health care agent
68) third
69) Dr. C. Jones
70) 3 years. The prescription fill date is 6/23/09, but the medication should not be used after 6/23/12; therefore, the

medication has a 3-year shelf life.
71) Any person at least 18 years old can serve as your health care agent. Your agent, acting as your legal representative,
will have the right to make health care decisions for you if your doctor decides you are unable to make them yourself.
Such decisions include whether to have medical tests and treatments and when to start and stop treatments.

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