TÀI LIỆU TĂNG ý TƯỞNG từ VỰNG THEO CHỦ đề BY NGOCBACH

GIẢI ĐỀ IELTS WRITING QUÝ 4_2019 THEO CHỦ ĐỀ BY NGOCBACH
A. THE ART ....................................................................................................... 6
1. (14/02/2019) Some people claim that museums and art galleries are not
needed today, because everyone can see historical objects or art works by
computer. Do you agree or disagree? ....................................................................6
B. BUSINESS AND MONEY ............................................................................ 7
1. (24/03/2019): Some people think that hard work and determination bring
success. Others think other factors such as money and good appearance are more
important. Discuss both views and give your opinion? ..........................................7
2. (01/08/2019): In many countries the cost of living is rising. What are the
effects on individuals and society? What measures can be taken to deal with this
problem? .................................................................................................................9
C. COMMUNICATION AND PERSONALITY ............................................ 11
1. (15/01/2019): Nowadays, many people cannot read or write. What problems
does this cause? What measures can governments take to solve these problems?
11
2. (19/03/2019): In many countries not enough students are choosing to study
science subjects. What are the causes? And what will be the effects on society?
14
3. (11/05/2019): Some businesses find that their new employees lack basic
interpersonal skills, such as cooperative skills. What are the causes and suggest
some possible solutions. .......................................................................................16
4. (18/07/2019): It has been said that people who read for pleasure have more
developed imaginations and language skill than people who prefer to watch TV.
Do you agree or disagree? ....................................................................................17
5. (12/09/2019): Entertainment such as electronic games on portal devices is
harmful for individuals and the society they live in. Do you agree or disagree? .19
D. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT .................................................................... 20
1. (07/03/2019): Research suggests that the majority of criminals who are sent
to prison commit crimes when set free. What are the reasons? What can be done
to solve the problem? ............................................................................................21

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2. (27/06/2019): Science finds that by studying the behavior of three-year-old
children they can predict if they will grow up to be criminals. To what extent is
criminality related to human nature? Is it possible to stop children from being a
criminal when they grow up?................................................................................23
E. EDUCATION ............................................................................................... 24
1. (27/07/2019): Schools should focus on academic success and passing
examinations. Skills such as cookery, dressmaking and woodwork should not be
taught at school as it is better to learn these from family and friends. To what
extent do you agree or disagree? ..........................................................................25
2. (13/08/2019): Students should pay the full cost for their own study, because
university education benefits individuals rather than society. To what extent do
you agree or disagree? ..........................................................................................26
F. THE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................... 28
1. (24/02/2019): Some people believe that all wild animals should be protected.
Others say that only a few wild animals should be protected. Discuss both views
and give your opinion. ..........................................................................................28
2. (15/03/2019): Nowadays, many animal species are becoming extinct. Some
people believe that countries and individuals must solve this problem, others
believe that human beings are more important. Discuss both views and give your
own opinion. .........................................................................................................30
3. (06/07/2019): Many foods are shipped from far away. Some people think that
eating local food is better environmentally and economically. Do you think the

advantages outweigh its disadvantages? ...............................................................32
4. (10/08/2019): Some people think that zoos are all cruel and should be closed
down. Others however believe that zoos can be useful in protecting wild animals.
Discuss both opinions and give your own opinion. ..............................................34
5. (24/08/2019): The responsibility for preventing and reducing global
environmental damage lies with politicians and there is a little that individuals
can do about the problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree? .................36
6. (07/09/2019): Increases in the production of consumer goods results in
damage to the natural environment. Why is this the case? What can be done to
solve this problem? ...............................................................................................38

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7. (14/10/2019): Human activity has had a negative impact on plants and
animals around the world. Some people say that it is too late to do something,
while others think that actions can be taken to improve the situation. .................40
G.

FAMILY AND CHILDREN .................................................................... 42

1. (25/04/2019): In many countries today, people in cities either live alone or in
small family units, rather than in large family groups. Is this a positive or
negative trend? ......................................................................................................43
2. (17/08/2019): Students should pay the full cost for their own study, because
university education benefits individuals rather than society. To what extent do

you agree or disagree? ..........................................................................................45
3. (20/10/2019): People nowadays tend to take their family to another country
when they work abroad. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
46
H.

HEALTH ................................................................................................... 48

1. (04/05/2019): Today, many children spend a lot of time playing computer
games and little time on sports. What are the reasons for this and is it a positive
or negative development? .....................................................................................48
2. (07/06/2019): “More and more people are becoming seriously overweight.
Some people think a solution can be to increase the price of fattening foods. To
what extent do you agree or disagree? ..................................................................50
I. TOURISM .................................................................................................... 52
1. (22/06/2019): Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by
tourists but not local people. Why is this the case and what can be done to attract
more local people to visit these places? ................................................................52
2. (24/07/2019): International travel is becoming cheaper and cheaper, and
more countries are now opening their doors to foreign visitors. Do you think that
the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages? ...................................53
3. (14/09/2019): Some people think that cultural traditions will be destroyed if
they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others, however,
believe that is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss both these views and
give your own opinion. .........................................................................................55
J. GOVERNMENT .......................................................................................... 57
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1. (23/05/2019): In many cities there is little control on the design and
construction of new homes and office buildings, and people can build houses in
their own style. What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a situation?
57
2. (20/06/2019): Government should invest in teaching science subjects rather
than other subjects in order for a country to develop and progress. To what extent
do you agree or disagree? .....................................................................................59
K.

SOCIETY .................................................................................................. 60

1. (23/03/2019): It is expected that there will be a higher proportion of older
people than that of young people in many countries in the future? Do you think
it is a positive or negative development? ..............................................................60
2. (06/04/2019): People have little understanding of the importance of the
natural world. What are the reasons for this, and how can people learn more
about the natural world? .......................................................................................63
3. (18/06/2019): Many people disagree with a school policy which forces
children to learn new languages. To what extent do you agree or disagree? ......64
4. (19/10/2019): Many people are now spending more and more time travelling
to work or school. Some people believe that this is a negative development
while others think there are some benefits. Discuss both views and give your
opinion. .................................................................................................................66
5. (23/10/2019): Charities and organizations always give special names to
particular days such as 'National Children's Day' and 'National Non-smoking
Day'. What are the reasons for these particular days? How effective are they?...67
L. MEDIA AND ADVERTISING ................................................................... 69

1. (02/02/2019): More and more people want to buy famous brands of clothes,
cars and other items. What are the reasons? Do you think it is a positive or
negative development? .........................................................................................69
2. (09/03/2019): Some people believe that the only purpose of films is to
entertain. But others say films should have educational value. Discuss both views
and give your opinion. ..........................................................................................71
3. (28/03/2019): In some countries, advertisers increase the amount of
advertising which tries to persuade children to buy snacks, toys and other goods.
Parents object to such pressure on children. But some advertisers claim that there
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is useful information in these advertisements. Discuss both views and give your
opinion. .................................................................................................................73
4. (18/05/2019): Advertising is all around us; it is an unavoidable part of
everyone's life. Some people say that advertising is a positive part of our lives.
To what extent do you agree or disagree? ............................................................75
5. (26/10/2019): Although more and more people read the news on the internet,
newspapers will remain an important sources of news for the majority of people.
Do you agree or disagree? ....................................................................................77
M.

TRANSPORTATION............................................................................... 78

1. (14/03/2019): In some countries, small town-centre shops are going out of
business because people tend to drive to large out-of-town stores. As a result,

people without cars have limited access to out-of town stores, and this may result
in an increase in the use of cars. ...........................................................................78
2. (30/06/2019): Air travel is causing some problems for the environment,
therefore we should increase the price to discourage people. Others disagree that
this is the solution. Discuss both views and give your opinions. ........................80
N. ENERGY ...................................................................................................... 82
1. (28/09/2019): Fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas are the main
energy source for many countries. However, some nations are using alternative
energy such as solar power, or wind power. To what extent do you think this is a
positive or negative development? .......................................................................82
O.

WORK....................................................................................................... 83

1. (10/02/2019): In most successful organisations, some people believe that
communication between managers and workers is important, while other people
said that other factors are more significant. What is your opinion? .....................84

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A. THE ART
1. (14/02/2019) Some people claim that museums and art galleries are not
needed today, because everyone can see historical objects or art works by
computer. Do you agree or disagree?
It is true that technology gives most

people a chance to see historical objects
and works of art on a computer screen.
I partly agree with the view, therefore,
that museums and art galleries are no
longer necessary.
It is very expensive to maintain a
museum or art gallery, and governments
often have to provide funding for these
institutions.
If national or local
authorities have to allocate resources to
keep these cultural facilities open, then
less money is available to spend on
health, education and social services.
Faced with such a choice, some
countries opt for a mixed funding model
for the arts in order to reduce costs.
Therefore, I believe that it is an
unaffordable luxury to retain these
wonderful public collections. Their
artefacts and paintings can all be
accessed freely and almost instantly at
the touch of a key on a computer
keyboard.

to provide funding for: to give money
to enable something to be done
national
or
local

authorities:
government organizations acting at a
national level or within a smaller, local
area
to allocate resources to: to make
money and materials available to do
something
social services: a system that is
organized by the government to help
people who have financial or family
problems; the department or the people
who provide this help

a mixed funding model for the arts: a
While I agree that museums and art model in which some money to support
galleries are not essential in this the arts is given by the government and
computer age, I would be sad to see their some money is provided by private
disappearance. Firstly, the buildings
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which house their collections are
themselves part of our tangible cultural
heritage. For example, the National
Gallery in London is a striking and
impressive historic building. Secondly,

the feeling of awe on seeing the size of
the great dinosaur skeletons in the
Natural History Museum in New York
would be impossible to experience by
simply looking at an image on a laptop
or cell phone. It would be an immense
loss if such places were to close their
doors to the public.

individuals
organizations.

or

commercial

tangible cultural heritage: refers to
physical artifacts produced, maintained
and transmitted intergenerationally in a
society

In conclusion, although these cultural
facilities have unique aesthetic
qualities, now that people can access
their treasures thanks to the digital
revolution, the expense of keeping them
open cannot be justified.
The aesthetic qualities of something:
The qualities related to beauty and
284 words

understanding the beauty of something.

the
digital
revolution:
the
advancement of technology to the
digital technology available today

B. BUSINESS AND MONEY
1. (24/03/2019): Some people think that hard work and determination bring
success. Others think other factors such as money and good appearance are
more important. Discuss both views and give your opinion?
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It is true that some people believe that
the key factors for success in life are
hard work and determination,
although
others
place
more
importance on money and smart to earn a living: to earn money
appearance. While all these are
necessary, I would argue that money is

the single most essential factor for a heavy workload: having many
those who wish to achieve success.
tasks to perform
On the one hand, the determination
to work hard is essential for anyone
who wants to earn a living and raise a
family. Firstly, this is true in terms
of employment, because most jobs
impose a heavy workload on
employees. Even jobs such as serving
customers in stores, supermarkets or
coffee shops, offering a minimum
wage, no job prospects and no
promotion opportunities demand hard
work and dedication. Secondly, from
a perspective of life outside work,
simply supporting a family involves
commitment and a lot of effort to
maintain a close-knit family. Such
parental involvement is the basis of
preparing children to enter adult life,
and to pursue a successful career.

minimum wage: the lowest wage
that an employer is allowed to pay by
law

On the other hand, money and
appearances are the things most
valued in the modern world. People

are increasingly judged by their wealth

a close-knit family: a family having
strong relationships with each other,
helping with problems and enjoying a
lot of time together

job prospects: the chances of being
successful
and
having
more
opportunities at work
promotion opportunities: chances to
move to a more important position in
a company or organization
to support a family: to have enough
money to be able to look after a
family
commitment: the willingness to work
hard and give your time and energy to
a job or activity

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or their smart and fashionable clothes.
Without money, it is impossible to
think about running your own business
or developing contacts with rich and
influential people who can help you to
get ahead in life. Most aspiring
entrepreneurs, film or sports stars, for
example, do not achieve their dreams,
and are considered by society as
failures. If you have money, then
designer clothes and celebrity status
advertise your success to others.

parental involvement: the act or
process of parents when taking part in
their children’s activities.
to enter adult life: the stage when
adolescents are almost old enough to
be legally independent of their
parents.

to pursue a successful career: to
have a series of jobs in a particular
area of work, with more
In conclusion, it is a sad reality that of responsibility as time passes
all the factors most likely to bring judged: to form an opinion about
success, money is, in my opinion, the something or somebody
most important.
to run your own business: to have a
business which you own

283 words
influential: having a lot of influence
on something or somebody
get ahead in life: to succeed in life
aspiring: wanting to be successful

2. (01/08/2019): In many countries the cost of living is rising. What are the
effects on individuals and society? What measures can be taken to deal with
this problem?
It is true that in many countries, it is
becoming increasingly difficult for
the majority of people to make ends
to make ends meet: to earn just
meet. While the effects on
enough money to be able to buy the
individuals and society as a whole are things you need
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serious, I believe that steps can be
taken to address this issue.
to address: to think about a problem
Rising living costs result in hardship or situation and decide how you are
for many individuals and serious
going to deal with it
consequences for society. In terms hardship: a situation that is difficult

of individuals, they are faced with
and unpleasant because you do not
higher prices for everyday necessities, have enough money, food, clothes etc
such as food, paying rent or heating
bills. They are forced to make
cutbacks in their household budgets
to make cutbacks: to decrease, to
in order to make the most of the
reduce
income that they have. From the
to make the most of something: to
perspective of society, when goods
make something appear as good as
and services are more expensive,
possible; to exploit something; to get
major socio-economic changes occur.
as much out of something as is
People spend less in stores and on
possible.
entertainment, or they have to pay in
arrears or run up debts, and the whole socio-economic changes: changes
economy of the country goes into
relating to the society and economy
decline.
of a country
However, effective policies must be
adopted to tackle the rise in living
costs. Firstly, governments should
provide public subsidies for basic
needs, such as food, heating and

healthcare. For example, in the USA
citizens on average incomes cannot
afford rising medical bills, and so
universal free medical care should
high on the agenda of the
government. Secondly, if
governments curbed public spending

to pay in arrears: refers to making a
payment to a supplier later than the
terms of the arrangement under which
goods or services were purchased
from the supplier.
to run up: to allow a bill or a debt to
reach a large total
to adopt policies: to start to use
particular policies

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on military weapons, they would be
able to prioritize expenditure on
programmes to reduce taxes for
people on low incomes. This would
help people to afford the higher prices

in the shops and enable them to buy
the things they need.

to provide public subsidies for: to
give government money to reduce the
costs of services or to produce goods
in order to keep the price low

In conclusion, in order to tackle the
increase in the cost of living,
governments must adopt measures to
help those in society who are in most
need.

to curb public spending on: to
restrict what the government spends
on something

276 words

high on the agenda: something which
is among the first things in the list of
actions to be taken

to prioritize expenditure on: to put
the need to spend money on certain
things first

C. COMMUNICATION AND PERSONALITY
1. (15/01/2019): Nowadays, many people cannot read or write. What problems

does this cause? What measures can governments take to solve these
problems?
It is true that even today, illiteracy is
widespread. While this presents
serious difficulties for individuals and
society, there are steps that
governments should take to deal with
the problem.

illiteracy: the fact of not knowing how
to read or write
disadvantaged: not having things,
such as education or enough money,

that people need in order to have a
When people can neither read nor
good life
write, they are disadvantaged in
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important ways. In terms of the
individual consequences of illiteracy,
dealing with bureaucracy is a
nightmare. Reading and writing – or
even adding a signature to – an official

document is often necessary, for
example when people have to apply
for social welfare benefits. From the
perspective of society in general, it is
difficult to integrate economic
migrants into society who are perhaps
illiterate in their home countries, or
are unable to read and write in the
language of the host country. This
makes the task of constructing a
multicultural society difficult if
minority groups are forced to do
sweated labour, simply because they
are illiterate and excluded from betterpaid jobs.
There are, however, policies which
national and local authorities can
adopt to improve matters. Firstly,
resources should be allocated to
provide basic literacy classes in local
colleges or social and community
centres to help people to learn to read
and write. Secondly, government
departments must employ staff who
have specific responsibility for
helping illiterate people to cope with
the confusing mass of official
paperwork. In this way, they will not

bureaucracy: the system of
complicated official rules or ways of

doing things organised by a
government
welfare: practical or financial help
provided by the government to help
people in need
to integrate into society: to become
accepted as a member of a social
group, especially when a person
comes from a different culture
a multicultural society: a society
which includes people of different
origins, traditions and languages
minority groups: small groups
within a community that are different
because of their origin, religion,
language or traditions
sweated labour: hard work that is
done for low wages in poor
conditions; the people who do this
work
to allocate resources to: to make
money and materials available to do
something

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be discriminated against, for instance
by losing welfare rights to which they
are entitled. Finally, governments
even in developing countries must
ensure that everyone has the right to a
basic education which enables them to
read and write.

to adopt policies: to start or use
policies

national

and

local

authorities:

government organizations acting at a
national level or within a smaller, local

In conclusion, although illiteracy is a area
serious problem, there are steps which
governments should take to help those social and community centres:
who can neither read nor write.
places where people who live in the
same area can meet for events or to
282 words

do different activities
to cope with: to deal successfully with
something difficult

paperwork: the written work that is
part of a job, such as filling in forms or
writing reports or letters

to discriminate: to treat one person or
group worse/better than another in an
unfair way

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2. (19/03/2019): In many countries not enough students are choosing to study
science subjects. What are the causes? And what will be the effects on
society?
It is true that in some countries there is
a shortage of students opting for science to opt for: to choose to take – or not to
courses. While it is necessary to take – a particular course of action
identify the possible causes of this
trend, it is also necessary to predict the
effects on society.
behind the times: refer to a person who
is old-fashioned and has not adopted

I believe that there are at least two major certain modern customs, beliefs, or
causes of the lack of appeal of science behaviors
subjects. Firstly, many schools and
college are behind the times and have to dismiss traditional ideas: to decide
been slow to dismiss traditional ideas that traditional ideas are not important
that girls should not study science. This and not worth considering anymore
sexist attitude regards the study of
science as a traditional male preserve, sexist attitudes: beliefs that women
thus it is time for university science should be treated unfairly because of
faculties to abolish selection procedures their gender
based on gender. Secondly, subjects
such as business and management are a traditional male preserve: to be
attracting growing numbers of students. exclusively reserved for men
Many young people consider that the
job prospects in these areas offer the to abolish: to officially end a law, a
greatest financial rewards and the best system or an institution
chance to move up the career ladder.
There will be serious effects on society
if more students do not choose to study
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science subjects. In terms of the
environment, one result will be a lack
of trained professionals to find solutions
to urgent problems, such as the need to

conduct research into alternative energy
sources and to help society to achieve
sustainable development. For example,
more scientists will be necessary to lead
the fight against climate change and to
meet the enormous challenge of global
warming. From the perspective of
health, another outcome could be a
lack of qualified researchers to search
for a cure for life-threatening
conditions, such as the increase in
degenerative illnesses like Alzheimer’s
disease, as people live longer.

selection procedures based on gender:
the act of choosing someone according
to their gender.
job prospects: the chances of being
successful
and
having
more
opportunities at work

to move up the career ladder: a series
of stages by which you can make
progress in your career

alternative energy sources: refers to
any energy source that is an alternative

to fossil fuel
In conclusion, some causes of this to achieve sustainable development:
economic development that is achieved
problem can be identified, and the
without depleting natural resources
serious effects on society must not be
underestimated.
to fight against climate change: to try
to prevent changes in climate patterns,
282 words
such as rainfall, temperature and winds.
global warming: the process by which
the Earth is getting hotter, as a result of
the greenhouse effect – in particular the
increase in carbon dioxide in the air.
to search for a cure: the process of
looking for a way to make a sick person
healthy again
life-threatening conditions: illnesses
which are likely to kill somebody
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a degenerative illness: an illness that
becomes worse as time passes
to underestimate: to not realize how

good, strong, determined somebody (or
something) really is

3. (11/05/2019): Some businesses find that their new employees lack basic
interpersonal skills, such as cooperative skills. What are the causes and
suggest some possible solutions.
It is true that some companies complain
about the poor interpersonal skills of
their new staff. While some reasons for to shape a child’s personality: to
this can be identified, there are solutions decide or influence the form of a child’s
which firms should adopt.
personality
As many new employees are schoolleavers, the causes of this problem can
be found in the home and in the school.
A child’s personality is shaped during
the formative years of home-life and
schooling. In terms of the home, closeknit families are a thing of the past in
many societies, and youngsters do not
learn to live in harmony with one
another and with their parents. For
example, meal times used to be
occasions when families ate together
and discussed the tasks to be done and
the problems of each family member.
In school, children are encouraged to
achieve individual excellence in exams,
rather than to have social skills and to be
team-players.

formative years: a period of a person’s

life, usually childhood, that has a big
influence on the person they become
later in life
a close-knit family: a family having
strong relationships with each other,
helping with problems and enjoying a
lot of time together
to live in harmony with one another:
to live with others in a way which
avoids conflict or disagreement

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to have social skills: to have the
However, in order to conduct a business personal skills required for successful
efficiently, firms must take steps to train communication and interaction
new employees to acquire interpersonal
skills. Firstly, cooperative skills should
be developed, making the most of the to be a team player: a person who
latest management techniques. Some willingly cooperates with others
companies in Europe and the USA, for
example, organise challenging activity to conduct a business: to operate a
weekends during which staff must work business in a particular way
as teams to do mountain-climbing or
climbing and camping.

Working
to make the most of something: to
together, their survival skills are put to
the test. Secondly, codes of conduct at make something appear as good as
work should be strictly enforced for possible; to exploit something; to get as
both new and existing employees to much out of something as is possible.
facilitate
communication
and
cooperation.
to put to the test: to see what someone
or something can achieve, to find out
In conclusion, although some reasons
how good someone or something is
can be suggested as probable causes of
this problem, there are measures which
companies should take to develop the
interpersonal skills of new staff.
codes of conduct: voluntary rules
which people accept in a situation
265 words
4. (18/07/2019): It has been said that people who read for pleasure have more
developed imaginations and language skill than people who prefer to watch
TV. Do you agree or disagree?
It is true that some people believe that
reading for pleasure develops both
imagination and language skills, in
contrast to the passive activity of
watching TV. While a minority a
viewers do watch informative TV

programmes, such as documentaries, I
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completely agree with the arguments in works of literary fiction: types of
favour of the benefits of reading.
literature which describe imaginary
people and events, not real ones
Firstly, in terms of the development of
creativity, works of literary fiction
stimulate the human imagination. bedtime stories: stories told to children
Reading bedtime stories to children, or before they sleep
reading some well-written work of
literature, everyone can broaden their a work of literature: a book, play, or
literary horizons. Whereas TV presents poem
audiences with ready-made images,
reading stories forces readers to use
broaden one’s literary horizons: to
their own imagination. They might, for
example,
picture
themselves widen the limit of your desires,
shipwrecked on a deserted island, like knowledge, or interests by reading
Robinson Crusoe. Because they have widely
created that personal image for
themselves, it is stronger and more to

picture:
to
imagine
durable than an image which is not their somebody/something, to create an image
own, but which is manufactured and
of somebody/something in your mind
ready to consume.
Secondly, from the perspective of
language skills, specialists in linguistics
argue that reading extends vocabulary,
as well as developing critical thinking.
An important part of literary
appreciation is to recognize not only
new words, but also to notice the choice
and use of words which are familiar.
There are no distracting images on
screens, so when readers are engrossed
in a book written by a literary genius,
they can focus on the aesthetic qualities
of the language. In contrast, although it
is possible to play back a TV recording,
words and images are invariably heard
and seen in an instant. Then, they pass

durable: likely to last for a long time
without breaking or getting weaker
critical thinking: the process of
analyzing information in an objective
way, in order to make a judgment about
it

literary appreciation: pleasure that you
have when your recognize and enjoy the
qualities of a good piece of writing
to be engrossed in: to be completely
focused on something

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and are instantly forgotten, whereas it is a literary genius: a person with
easy to read over passages in a book.
outstanding ability in writing
In conclusion, I fully agree with those
the aesthetic qualities of something:
who argue that reading encourages
imagination and develops vocabulary, The qualities related to beauty and
which sitting in front of a TV will never understanding the beauty of something.
do.
to read over: to read something carefully
291 words
from beginning to end to look for
mistakes or check details
5. (12/09/2019): Entertainment such as electronic games on portal devices is
harmful for individuals and the society they live in. Do you agree or
disagree?
It is true that many children and

adolescents, in particular, spend hours
and hours playing electronic games, or
simply chatting or accessing social
networking sites on their cell phones,
as their main pastime. While I may be
considered to be behind the times, I
completely agree that this is harmful
for both individuals and society as a
whole.
Firstly, young people in particular
have problems in developing social
skills if they spend too much time
relying on their cell phones for their
entertainment to play electronic games
or to chat. Advances in technology are
bringing about the downfall of
communication between people, since
real interaction is discouraged. For
example, I often used to talk to other

social networking sites: a website on
which you communicate with people
who share your interests
behind the times: refers to a person
who is old-fashioned and has not
adopted certain modern customs,
beliefs, or behaviors

to develop social skills: to become
better at communicating and interacting

in different situations
advances
in
technology:
the
improvement or development in
technology

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passengers during my long journeys by
bus or train, but it no longer seems to
be socially acceptable to do this.
Instead, most fellow travellers spend
the entire journey on their mobile
devices, playing some electronic game
or messaging online friends. The result
is increasing personal isolation and a
growing distrust of others.
Secondly, becoming over-reliant on
electronic portable devices for
entertainment is detrimental to
individual health. It encourages a
sedentary lifestyle, whereas people
need to take regular exercise to keep

fit. As a child, for instance, I used to
play football in the street, making
friends with other youngsters and
becoming strong. People should take
up sport or they will be prone to
obesity if they simply sit around
playing electronic games on their handheld devices. In particular, if people
spend too much time on these games,
then they may suffer from mental
health problems if they become
addicted to them.
In conclusion, I fully agree that forms
of entertainment such as electronic
games are harmful for both individuals
and society.

the downfall of communication: the
decline of communication
to discourage real interaction: to
result
in
less
face-to-face
communication with other people
to be socially acceptable: agreed or
approved of by most people in a society
fellow: used to describe somebody who
is the same as you in some way, or in
the same situation
to become over-reliant on: to need

something so that your survival or
success depends too much on it
to be detrimental to health: to be
harmful to health
a sedentary lifestyle: involving little
exercise or physical activity
to take regular exercise: to do some
physical activity on a regular basis
to keep fit: to stay in good physical
condition

288 words

D. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
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1. (07/03/2019): Research suggests that the majority of criminals who are sent
to prison commit crimes when set free. What are the reasons? What can be
done to solve the problem?
It is true that a large proportion of to re-offend: to commit a crime or
criminals are known to re-offend after crimes for a second time, or for more
they have been released from prison. times
There are some important reasons for
this return to a life of crime, but there
are solutions which could mitigate the to mitigate: to make something less

harmful or less serious
problem.
I believe that there are two principal
reasons why many criminals who have
served their sentences, commit further
crimes when they are released back into
society. Firstly, prison is popularly
regarded as an institution whose
purpose is to punish wrongdoers. There
is a public outcry against being soft on
crime, and many argue that only the full
weight of the law will act as a deterrent,
even though this is obviously not
working. As a result, few resources are
allocated to prison programmes which
will help ex- offenders to make a fresh
start in society. Secondly, prisons are
overcrowded and often violent places,
in which the most hardened criminals
influence and intimidate other inmates,
and form networks to plan future
crimes, such as a criminal prison gang
called the PCC do in Brazil.

to serve a prison sentence: to remain in
prison as a punishment
to release back into society: to give
freedom to prisoners who have finished
their sentences.
to punish wrongdoers:to punish

people who do something illegal
to be soft on crime: not to impose strict
punishments on offenders
the full weight of the law: all the
strictest
punishments
available
according to the laws of a country.
to act as a deterrent: a measure which
makes somebody less likely to do
something

Steps should be taken to solve these
problems. One solution is reintegrating to make a fresh start: to try something
offenders back into the community. new after making mistakes in one’s life
Programmes which provide vocational
training or academic study opportunities
must be implemented in order to give
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prisoners a chance of rehabilitation and
to find work. Some universities in the
UK and the USA, for example, offer
degree programmes to enable offenders
to gain qualifications.

Another
solution is to segregate the most
dangerous convicts, in order to prevent
intimidation and bullying in prisons,
from which offenders are released as
even more expert criminals.

hardened: having developed a way of
dealing with bad experiences, so that
they no longer upset you
to intimidate: to frighten or threaten
somebody, so that they will do what you
want
inmate: one of the people living in a
prison

In conclusion, while important reasons
for the rate of re-offending can be to reintegrate back into the
identified, some steps must be taken to
community: to restore someone into
implement workable solutions.
society through education or therapy
286 words
a chance of rehabilitation: a chance of
helping someone to have a normal life
after serving a prison sentence
an outcry against: a reaction of anger
or strong protest shown by people in
public
to segregate somebody: to separate

people for some reason and treat them in
a different way
to allocate resources to: to make
money and materials available to do
something
convict: a person who is guilty of a
crime and who has been sent to prison

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2. (27/06/2019): Science finds that by studying the behavior of three-year-old
children they can predict if they will grow up to be criminals. To what extent
is criminality related to human nature? Is it possible to stop children from
being a criminal when they grow up?
It may be possible to predict to turn to crime/ drugs: to start
scientifically if children will grow up committing crimes or using drugs.
and turn to crime. While this may
suggest some link to human nature, I
law-abiding citizens: people who obey
believe that children all have the chance
and respect the law
to grow up and become law-abiding
citizens.
to condemn: to express very strong
disapproval of something/somebody

It seems absurd to condemn children as
evil criminals at the age of 3. Parents
to shape a child’s personality/ values:
have an enormous influence on shaping
to decide or influence the form of a
a child’s values during the formative
child’s personality
years of a child’s life. Children often
copy, or are influenced by, the patterns
formative years: a period of a person’s
of behavior which they observe in their
life, usually childhood, that has a big
parents.
For
example,
in
a
influence on the person they become
dysfunctional family there is often a
later in life
lack of parental involvement in the
upbringing of children. The failure to
patterns of behavior: ways of acting
teach ethical values such as honesty and
and doing things (either positive or
concern for others, may combine with
negative)
social factors such as living in deprived
neighborhoods so that children are
a dysfunctional family: a family in

already damaged as they prepare to
which the relationships are bad or
enter adult life.
unhealthy
It is possible to deter children from
embarking on a life of crime. Firstly, in parental involvement: the act or
schools, ex-prisoners who have served process of parents when taking part in
their sentences and been re-integrated their children’s activities.
back into the community should be
invited to talk about their experiences
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and warn children that it is not
glamorous to be a criminal. This is
already done in some schools in the UK,
for instance. Secondly, all adults in
society have a responsibility to provide
children with good role models.
Modern consumer culture has a
negative influence on individual
families, with the result that children
learn that it is more important to have
things than to be a good member of the
community.

deprived: without enough food,
education and all the things that are
necessary for people to live a happy and
comfortable life
to enter adult life: the stage when
adolescents are almost old enough to be
legally independent of their parents
to embark on something: to start
something new

to serve a prison sentence: to carry out
In conclusion, if criminal behavior is confinement in prison as a punishment
linked to human nature, then there is no
hope for young children who are to reintegrate back into society/
identified as criminals by some community: to restore someone
‘experts’. On the contrary, children can through education or therapy
be led away from a life of crime.
glamorous: especially attractive and
293 words
exciting, and different from ordinary
things or people

negative influences on individual
families: negative meaning bad;
influences meaning effects; on
individual families refers to each
nuclear family - a couple and their
children, rather than families in general;
E. EDUCATION

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1. (27/07/2019): Schools should focus on academic success and passing
examinations. Skills such as cookery, dressmaking and woodwork should not
be taught at school as it is better to learn these from family and friends. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
It is true that many people believe that
schools should only teach academic
subjects and prepare students for formal
exams. I disagree completely with this
view, and I would argue that teaching
practical life skills is essential.
Firstly, it is a mistake to tailor teaching
strategies to the narrow focus of
academic subjects and exam success. It
is impossible for every student to pursue
a successful career with fantastic job
prospects in fields such as finance,
medicine, law or education. All of these
demand academic skills, but the job
market for these professions is
relatively small. Those who fail their
exams will consider themselves as
failures. Such negative feelings will
inevitably shape a child’s personality

and values during their formative years.
Only a few students who are high-flyers
will succeed and enjoy the material
rewards of their academic success.
Secondly, while children need to
acquire practical skills, there may be no
family or friends to help them.
Consider, for example, single-parent
households, with no father to teach DIY
skills, or households in which working
mothers have no time to teach children
to cook or sew. There are, too, many
dysfunctional families in which, for
whatever reasons, parental involvement
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