Unit 3 becoming independence

UNIT 3: BECOMING INDEPENDENT
(SỐNG TỰ LẬP)
A. VOCABULARY
New words
confident

Meaning

Picture

Example

tự tin

/ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ (adj)
You should be more
confident in yourself.
Bạn nên tự tin hơn vào bản
thân.

cope with

đương đầu với

/kəʊp wɪð/ (ph.v)
It is hard for her to cope
with loneliness.
Cô ấy gặp khó khăn trong việc
đương đầu với sự cô đơn.

decisive

quyết đoán

/dɪˈsaɪsɪv/ (adj)

You need to be more
decisive.
Bạn cần quyết đoán hơn.

determined
/dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ (adj)

quyết tâm

She seems very determined.
No one can stop her from
achieving her goals.
Cô ấy có vẻ rất quyết tâm.
Không ai có thể ngăn cô ấy
đạt được mục tiêu của mình.


housekeeping

công việc gia

/ˈhaʊskiːpɪŋ/ (n)

đình, việc nhà

My husband had a relaxed
attitude to housekeeping.
Chồng tôi có thái độ thoải mái
với công việc nhà.

independent

độc lập

/ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/
(adj)

interpersonal

My brother is independent
from an early age.
Anh trai tôi tự lập từ nhỏ.

liên nhân

/ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənl/
(adj)

Interpersonal
communication skills are the
most important for me
because they can help me
communicate
effectively
with people around me.

Đối với tôi, các kỹ năng giao
tiếp kết nối là quan trọng nhất
bởi chúng giúp tôi giao tiếp
hiệu quả với người xung
quanh

loneliness

sự cô đơn

/ˈləʊnlinəs/ (n)

I find it difficult to overcome
the feeling of loneliness when
I live away from home.
Tôi cảm thấy khó khăn trong
việc vượt qua nỗi cô đơn khi
sống xa nhà.

motivated

có động lực

/ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/
(adj)

My students are hardworking
and
highly
motivated.

Học sinh của tôi rất chăm chỉ
và có động lực cao.

prioritize

ưu tiên

You must learn to prioritize


/praɪˈɒrətaɪz/ (v)

your activities.
Bạn phải học cách ưu tiên các
hoạt động của mình.

protective
/prəˈtektɪv/ (adj)

che chở, bảo
vệ

My close friend's parents
tend to be very protective of
her.
Bố mẹ của bạn thân tôi có
thiên hướng quá bao bọc con
cái.

reliable

/rɪˈlaɪəbl/ (adj)

có thể tin cậy
được

Hung is very reliable - if he
says he'll do something, he'll
do it.
Hùng rất đáng tin cậy - nếu
anh ấy nói sẽ làm việc gì, anh
ấy chắc chắn sẽ làm việc đó.

rely on

dựa vào

You shouldn't rely too
heavily on your parents.

/rɪˈlaɪ/ (ph.v)

Bạn không nên quá dựa dẫm
vào bố mẹ.

rigid
/ˈrɪdʒɪd/ (adj)

cứng rắn, cứng
nhắc

My parents establish some
rigid rules about important
issues.
Bố mẹ tôi thiết lập một số quy
tắc cứng rắn về những vấn đề
quan trọng.

self-discipline
/ˌself
(n)

tinh thần
ˈdɪsəplɪn/ giác

tự

You need a lot of selfdiscipline when you're doing
this work on your own.
Bạn cần có tinh thần tự giác
cao khi làm công việc này một
mình.


self-esteem

tự tôn, tự trọng

/ˌself ɪˈstiːm/ (n)

You

can
build
your
confidence and self- esteem.
Bạn có thể xây dựng sự tự tin
và lòng tự trọng của mình.

self-reliant
/ˌself
(adj)

tự lực

rɪˈlaɪənt/

American parents often
teach their children to
become self- reliant.
Các bậc phụ huynh người Mỹ
thường dạy con trở thành
người tự lập.

Strive

cố gắng, nỗ lực

/straɪv/ (v)

Young people should strive
for being independent.

Người trẻ nên cố gắng tự lập.

suffer

chịu đựng,

I have suffered from stress

/ˈsʌfə(r)/ (v)

chịu

in my daily life recently.
Gần đây tôi thường phải chịu
đựng căng thẳng trong cuộc
sống hàng ngày.

time management

quản lý thời

Time management is one of

/taɪm
ˈmænɪdʒmənt/

gian

the most important skills
that we should develop.

(n, p)

Quản lý thời gian là một trong
những kỹ năng quan trọng
nhất mà chúng ta nên phát
triển.

voice

nói lên, lên

My parents let me voice my

/vɔɪs/ (v)

tiếng, bày tỏ

opinions on family issues.
Bố mẹ cho phép tôi bày tỏ ý


kiến về các vấn đề gia đình.
well-informed

thạo tin, hiểu

Nam is well-informed about

/ˌwel ɪnˈfɔːmd/

biết

what's

happening

around

the world.
Nam có nhiều hiểu biết về
những vấn đề đang xảy ra trên
thế giới.
wisely

(một cách)

/ˈwaɪzli/ (adv)

khôn ngoan

You should use your time
wisely.
Bạn nên sử dụng thời gian
một cách thông minh.

B. GRAMMAR
1. To-infinitives after adjectives
* Form 1: Noun/ Pronoun + linking verb + adjective + to -infinitive
Chúng ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có "to" sau một số tính từ để miêu tả cảm xúc của ai đó liên quan

đến hành động được diễn tả, tức là "ai đó thấy thế nào khi làm gì đó".
Các tính từ được sử dụng trong cấu trúc này là:
afraid

content

glad

sad

amazed

delighted

grateful

shocked

anxious

determined

happy lucky

sorry

ashamed

disappointed

pleased

surprised

bound

eager

proud

terrified

careful

eligible

ready

certain

frightened

reluctant

E.g:
- I am afraid to go out alone.
- The boy is lucky to be born in a rich family.
- They are happy to see their old friends again.
Những động từ "to hear, to see, to learn, to discover, to find" thường được sử dụng sau một số tính từ
như "glad, happy, delighted, disappointed, surprised, sorry".

E.g:
- She is glad to hear that news.
- They are surprised to learn that their daughter had quit her job.
* Form 2: It + linking verb + adjective (+ for somebody) + to -infinitive
Chúng ta có thể sử dụng cấu trúc với chủ ngữ "it" để đưa ra bình luận, đánh giá tính chất của hành động.


Các tính từ được sử dụng trong cấu trúc này là: easy, difficult, hard, interesting, boring, nice, great,
good, possible, impossible, likely, important, necessary, unreasonable.
E.g:
- It is impossible for me to finish the report on time.
- It was necessary to go there.
* Form 3: It + linking verb + adjective + of somebody + to -infinitive
Các tính từ được sử dụng trong cấu trúc này với giới từ "of" là các tính từ miêu tả cách cư xử hoặc khả
năng của ai đó: right, wrong, nice, kind, clever, intelligent, silly, stupid
E.g:
- It is kind of you to help me.
- It was silly of her to spend all her money.
2. To-infinitives after nouns
* Form 1: Noun + to -infinitive
Chúng ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có "to" sau 1 số danh từ trừu tượng để nói về những hành động mà
chúng liên quan.
Các danh từ thường gặp trong dạng này là:
ability

chance

failure

permission

reminder

advice

choice

goal

plan

request

agreement

decision

intention

preparation

requirement

ambition

demand

motivation

promise

suggestion

anxiety

desire

need

proposal

tendency

appeal

determination

offer

recommendation

way

arrangement

dream

opportunity

refusal

willingness

attempt

eagerness

order

reluctance

wish

E.g:
- My decision to close the company was a difficult one to make.
- They gave me an opportunity to escape.
- I have a desire to live abroad.
Lưu ý: Sau danh từ "way" ta có thể dùng "of V-ing" hoặc "to infinitive"
E.g: There is noway of stopping/to stop him from talking in class.
* Form 2: It + linking verb + noun phrase (+ for somebody) + to -infinitive
E.g:
- It is a difficult question to answer.
- It would be a pity for us to lose such a good player.
Ngoài ra, ta có thể dùng cụm danh từ (noun phrase + to infinitive) để diễn tả sự cần thiết hoặc khả năng
làm gì.
E.g:
- There is a lot of work to do on the farm. (= There is a lot of work that we need to do on the farm.)
- Let's get something to eat. (= Let's get something that we can eat.)

■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box.
delighted

shocked

bound

about

hesitant

sorry

1. He was very __________ to go back there after what had happened.
2. I'm__________to have to say this, but we're going to have to let you go.
3. She was__________to hear the news of his death. He was so young!
4. He was__________to learn that he had been promoted.
5. You're__________to do well because you are intelligent.
6. They're__________to have a baby. It's due any day now.
Bài 2: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box.
ashamed
lucky

motivated
keen

happy
proud

astonished
ready

likely
determined

1. I'm__________ to be able to give you the good news that you've all passed.
2. She was so__________to get this job. It's really great.
3. Linda is really__________to be the mother of such a successful young man.
4. Is everybody__________to go? The bus is waiting outside.
5. Sarah is very__________to win this race. Her practice times were excellent.
6. She may have messed this one up, but she's__________to do better next time.
7. He was__________to discover that women didn't always fall for his smarmy charm.
8. He's__________to go back there after what he did and said.
9. He's very__________to go in for this competition. He thinks he has a good chance.
10. My cousin doesn't seem to be__________to do anything with his life.
Bài 3: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box.
fortunate

reluctant

relieved

surprised

afraid

eager

careful

1. He was very__________not to say anything about the divorce to his mother.
2. She was rather__________to hear I had broken her favourite vase.
3. She's very__________to move to another city when she has so many friends here.
4. He was very__________to find out that he didn't have to go to court.
5. We were very__________to see him at the hotel with his secretary.
6. She was__________to start work as soon as possible.
7. I was very__________to have had parents who gave me a lot of encouragement.
8. I'm__________to go in there; you know what he's like.
Bài 4: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box.

upset


unhappy

ashamed

able

due

angry

unable

1. Mark was very__________to discover that his wife was having an affair.
2. They were very__________to learn that their daughter was in trouble.
3. The report is__________to be published next week.
4. It's great! We were__________to find a real holiday bargain.

5. I am__________to say that I can't remember your name.
6. We regret we are__________to extend your overdraft.
Bài 5: Fill in the blanks with "for" or "of".
1. It was really stupid__________you to get involved.
2. It's unusual__________him to behave in this way.
3. It was necessary__________ us to solve this question as soon as possible.
4. It is wrong__________ him to get so angry over such a little thing.
5. Isn't it possible__________you to arrive on time occasionally?
6. It's hard__________her to make a living from her business.
7. It was so clever__________ you to think of doing it like that.
8. It was important__________him to realise how serious this was.
9. It was right__________ her to complain. I'd have done the same.
10. It is so kind__________you to look after the children for the afternoon.
Bài 6: Complete the sentences using the given phrases in the box.
desire to get

offer to help

decision to drop

opportunity to improve
plan to move

1. We were surprised at his__________US with the project.
2. Her__________out of school is a difficult one to make.
3. Studying in the USA gives you an__________ your English skills.
4. It was his__________ a good job that motivated him to study Chinese.
5. Susan's__________to California made her parents angry.
Bài 7: Rewrite the sentences, using the nouns in brackets and a to -infinitive phrase.
1. I know how to deal with the problem. (way)

 I know _________________________.
2. It's surprising that Mai can speak five foreign languages. (ability)

 Mai's _________________________.
3. The students were not allowed to use materials in the examination room. (permission)

 The students couldn't __________________________.
4. He tried very hard to overcome difficulties and that makes us surprised. (effort)


 His _________________________.
5. We didn't know that Mark was going to change his job. (plan)

 We didn't know _________________________.
6. That she decided to participate in the contest surprised all of us. (decision)

 Her _________________________.
Bài 8: Choose the best answer
1. I was not allowed to stay outside overnight.
A. I didn't have to stay outside overnight.
B. I had no permission to stay outside overnight.
2. Don't expect that everyone will agree with you. That is unreasonable.
A. Everyone is reasonable to agree with you.
B. It is unreasonable to expect that everyone will agree with you.
3. Watch this film. It is very useful.
A. It is very useful to watch this film.
B. Watch this film is very useful.
4. My sister is able to solve every problem quickly.
A. My sister has the ability to solve every problem quickly.

B. It is hard for my sister to solve every problem quickly.
5. We can't find a suitable candidate for this position. That is difficult.
A. It is difficult for US to find a suitable candidate for this position.
B. It was difficult for US to find a suitable candidate for this position.
6. She has determination to achieve the goal.
A. It was her determination that helped her achieve the goal.
B. She is determined to achieve the goal.
7. I don't know how to use this washing machine.
A. I don't know the way how to use this machine.
B. I don't know the way to use this washing machine.
8. Don't touch that button. It is dangerous.
A. It is dangerous not to touch that button.
B. It is dangerous to touch that button.
Bài 9: Complete the letter by choosing the best answer in brackets.
Dear Daisy,
My parents and I are (1) (glad, disappointed, sad) to know that you passed the final exam with flying
colors. Congratulations! I think that with your excellence, your (2) (decisive, dream, advice) to become a
good doctor will come true.
My younger sister was really (3) (surprised, ability, determined) to receive a hair curling machine from
you on her birthday and she asked me to say "thank you" to you. However, she doesn't know the (4)
(chance, way, permission) to use that machine. It seems (5) (difficult, chance, easy) for her to use it.


I am excited that you're going to visit my beautiful city. I want to show you my (6) (willing,
willingness, demand) to take you to famous places.
We're looking forward to seeing you. It will be (7) (nice, unreasonable, necessity) for me to welcome
you to my house.
Write me soon and confirm your arrival date and time.
Love,
Lisa

Bài 10: Fill in the blank with the correct form of the given words (use n/adj+ to V)
1. I am__________the result of the exam too late, (disappointment, receive)
2. It is important for you __________confidence in yourself, (having)
3. Her__________the secret causes a lot of trouble for her. (fail, kept)
4. It was her__________abroad that inspires her to study hard, (motivate, lived)
5. Mary is__________one of the most excellent students in her class, (happiness, became)
6. It is__________ (luck, have) good friends.
7. Her competitor is not good, which increases her__________the champion, (chance, became)
8. It is rude of him__________when his mouth is full of food, (speaker)
Bài 11: Rewrite the following sentences using "noun/ adj + to V" and the given words in brackets.
1. Lan is excited that she wins the first prize in the competition. (excited)

 _______________________________________________________.
2. My wife was very surprised when she heard that I had won a lottery. (surprised)

 _______________________________________________________.
3. I was very happy that I met my old friends again. (happy)

 _______________________________________________________.
4. He is determined that he can find the best solution to this problem. (determined)

 _______________________________________________________.
5. The room needs cleaning by Ms. Brown this afternoon. (necessary)

 _______________________________________________________.
6. She finds it interesting to study and listen to music at the same time. (interesting)

 _______________________________________________________.
Bài 12: Rewrite the following sentences using "noun + to V" and the given words in brackets.
1. They want to beat US, but that seems unrealistic. (goal)

 _______________________________________________________.
2. Tim always tries hard to finish his homework on time. (effort)

 _______________________________________________________.
3. Nobody knew that she had always wanted to become a teacher. (dream)

 _______________________________________________________.
4. She has a lot of friends because she's willing to help others unconditionally. (because of, willingness)


 _______________________________________________________.
5. She decided to take part in the contest. (decision)

 _______________________________________________________.