Unit 10 healthy lifestyle and longevity

UNIT 10: HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND LONGEVITY
(LỐI SỐNG LÀNH MẠNH VÀ TUỔI THỌ)
A. VOCABULARY
New words
be attributed to

Meaning
quy cho

Picture

Example
These diseases were attributed
to some certain kinds of food

/əˈtrɪbjuːt/

they eat every day.
Những căn bệnh này được quy
cho một số loại thực phẩm mà
họ ăn hàng ngày.

boost
/buːst/ (v)

đẩy
mạnh,
nâng lên

You will boost your immune
system if you have a healthy

lifestyle.
Hệ miễn dịch sẽ được nâng cao
nếu bạn có một lối sống lành
mạnh.

dietary
/ˈdaɪətəri/ (adj)

thuộc về chế
độ ăn uống

I

think

diary

habits

are

difficult to change.
Tôi nghĩ các thói quen ăn uống
rất khó thay đổi.

immune system

hệ miễn dịch

Stress

can

weaken

our

immune system.

/ɪˈmjuːn ˈsɪstəm/ (n)

Căng thẳng có thể gây suy giảm
hệ miễn dịch.

life expectancy
/laɪf ɪkˈspektənsi/ (n)

tuổi thọ

Life expectancy has increased
dramatically in our country
recently.


Tuổi thọ đã tăng đáng kể ở nước
ta thời gian gần đây.
longevity

sự sống lâu, sự

Longevity is linked with low

/lɒnˈdʒevəti/ (n)

trường thọ,

levels of stress and anxiety.

tuổi thọ

Tuổi thọ cao có liên quan đến
mức độ căng thẳng và lo lắng
thấp.

meditation

thiền định

/ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn/ (n)

Practising mediation is a good
way to keep your mind stressfree.
Thực hành thiền định là một
phương pháp tốt để giữ tâm trí
không bị căng thẳng.

natural remedy

phương pháp

/ˈnætʃrəl ˈremədi/ (n, trị liệu dựa vào
p)
thiên nhiên

You

should

try

natural

remedies before taking any
medicine.
Bạn nên thử các phương pháp
chữa trị từ thiên nhiên trước khi
dùng bất kỳ loại thuốc nào.

nutrition

sự dinh dưỡng

/njuˈtrɪʃn/ (n)

Good nutrition is necessary to
help patients to make a quick
recovery.
Chế độ dinh dưỡng tốt là cần
thiết để giúp bệnh nhân hồi phục
nhanh.

nutritious

bổ dưỡng, có

/njuˈtrɪʃəs/ (adj)

chất dinh

This kind of food is especially

dưỡng

nutritious.
Loại thực phẩm này đặc biệt bổ
dưỡng.

prescription medicine

thuốc do bác sĩ

/prɪˈskrɪpʃn - ˈmedsn/ kê đơn
(n)

You

should

remedies

try

natural

before

taking

prescription medicine.


Bạn nên thử các phương pháp
chữa trị từ thiên nhiên trước khi
dùng thuốc theo đơn của bác sĩ.
stress-free

không bị căng

One of the most effective ways

/stress - fri:/ (adj)

thẳng

to keep your mind stress-free
is practicing mediation.
Một trong những phương pháp
hiệu quả nhất để giữ tâm trí
không bị căng thẳng là thực
hành thiền định.

workout

luyện tập thể

I do a 15-minute workout

/ˈwɜːkaʊt/ (n)

lực

every morning.
Tôi tập thể dục 15 phút mỗi
sáng.

B. GRAMMAR
1. Conditionals in reported speech
Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại thì "thì" của động từ trong câu điều kiện được giữ nguyên khi
chuyển sang lời nói gián tiếp.
Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, chúng ta tuân theo quy tắc chung sau đây:
Direct speech
Type 0

Reported speech
unchanged (simple fact or general truth): không thay
đổi

Type 1

 unchanged (if reported simultaneously or still true):

không thay đổi nếu lời nói tường thuật lại cùng lúc
hoặc vẫn còn đúng


become type 2 (if the reported statement is out-ofdate): trở thành câu điều kiện loại 2 nếu lời nói
tường thuật đã qua rồi

Type 2



usually unchanged (ifthe reported statement is still
true): thường không đổi (nếu lời nói tường thuật
vẫn còn đúng)

E.g:
"People die if they don't drink water in three days", he said. (Type 0)

 He said (that) people die if they don't drink water in three days.
"If you miss the bus, you'll be late for the meeting", my husband said (Type 1)


 My husband said if I miss the bus, I'll be late for the meeting.
(reported simultaneously; the bus hasn't arrived yet.)

 My husband said if I missed the bus, I'd be late for the meeting.
(The reported statement is out-of-date; she was probably late for the meeting)
"If I were rich, I could buy a car." (Type 2)

 He said if he were rich, he could buy a car.

2. Reported speech with infinitives:
* Form 1: S + V + O + (not) + to V
Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là ask; tell; order (ra lệnh); invite (mời); beg (cầu xin); urge (hối
thúc); encourage (khuyến khích); advise (khuyên); warn (cảnh báo); remind (nhắc nhở), command (ra
lệnh), entreat (nài xin), expect (mong đợi), forbid (ngăn cấm), invite (mời), instruct (hướng dẫn),
persuade (thuyết phục), recommend (khuyên), request (yêu cầu)
E.g: "Don't forget to get up early.", my mother said.

 My mother reminded me to get up early. (Mẹ tôi nhắc nhở tôi thức dậy sớm.)
* Form 2: S + V + to V....
Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là promise (hứa); threaten (đe dọa); agree (đồng ý); offer (đề
nghị giúp ai); refuse (từ chối); propose (có ý định), volunteer (tình nguyện), hope (hi vọng), demand
(yêu cầu), guarantee (bảo đảm), swear/ vow (thề nguyền)
E.g:
"I will kill you if you call the police", the man said.

 The man threatened to kill me if I called the police.
3. Reported speech with gerunds:
* Form 1: S + V + O + V-ing/ N
Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là:
Apologize / apologise (to O) for V-ing: xin Thank + O + for V-ing: cảm ơn ai về việc
lỗi (ai) về việc gì
gì
Accuse + O + of V-ing: buộc tội ai về điều Suspect + O + of + V-ing: nghi ngờ ai làm
gì
gì
Congratulate + O + on V-ing: chúc mừng Warn + O + against V-ing: cảnh báo/ cảnh
ai về việc gì
cáo ai không nên làm gì
Forgive + O + for + V-ing: tha thứ cho ai Criticize/ Reproach + O + for + Ving: chỉ

về việc gì
trích/ phê bình ai về việc gì đó
Prevent + O + from V-ing = Stop + O + Blame sb for sth: đổ lỗi cho ai về việc gì ~
from V-ing: ngăn cản không cho ai làm gì Blame sth on sb: đổ lỗi việc gì cho ai

E.g: "I won't allow you to play games", the mother said to the boy.

 The mother prevented / stopped the boy from playing games.
* Form 2: S + V + Ving
Các động từ thường gặp trong dạng này là: advise (khuyên); suggest (đề nghị); admit (thừa nhận/ thú
nhận); deny (phủ nhận), stop (ngừng)


E.g: "I didn't do that", he said.

 He denied doing that.
* Form 3: S + V + giới từ + Ving
Các động từ thường gặp như:
Dream (dreamt I dreamed) of V-ing (mơ về việc gì / điều gì)
Insist on + V-ing (khăng khăng, cố nài, năn nỉ làm việc gì)
Look forward to V-ing (mong đợi làm việc gì)
Think (thought) of V-ing (nghĩ đến việc gì)
E.g: "I want to become a teacher", the girl said.

 The girl dreamed of becoming a teacher.
■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1: Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech.
1. "If I catch the plane I'll be home by four o'clock", she said.

 _____________________________________________.

2. "You will recover quickly if you follow the doctor's advice", my mother said.

 _____________________________________________.
3. "What would you do if you were having a problem with grammar, Nga?", Huyen asked.

 _____________________________________________.
4. "If I were you, I'd stop smoking", she said to her brother.

 _____________________________________________.
5. "If you heat ice, it melts" he said.

 _____________________________________________.
Bài 2: Rewrite the direct speech as reported speech to complete the sentences.
1. "I'll send you a postcard." He told us that he__________us a postcard.
2. "We've bought a new car." They told me they__________a new car.
3. "I don't speak French." She said that she__________French.
4. "You failed your art exam." You said that we__________our art exam.
5. "I can't drive." He said__________drive.
6. "You look nice." He told me that I__________nice.
7. "We're going ice-skating." They said they__________ice-skating.
8. "The students aren't listening to me." The teacher said the students__________to her.
Bài 3: Complete the sentences using reported speech.
1. My sister said, "I won't be able to be at the next game".
My sister said that __________, to be at the next game.
2. My grandmother said, "A long time ago there were no cell phones!"


My grandmother said that a long time ago no __________cell phones.
3. Mr Smith advised me," I would not go there if I was you!
Mr Smith advised me __________there.

4. The doctor said, "You must stay in bed until next Monday!"
The doctor ordered me __________until the following Monday.
5. Bob wanted to know, "Will you be at the party on Saturday?"
Bob wanted to know __________at the party on Saturday?
6. Jerry asked me, "Did you see the car over there?"
Jerry asked me __________the car over there.
7. The teacher said to Mary "Please stand up."
The teacher __________.
8. Tim said, "I am going to work for a new company next month."
Tim said that he __________for a new company the following month.
9. Jenifer wondered, "Is he a club member?"
Jenifer wondered __________a club member.
10. Mary said, "I have just come back from Europe."
Mary said that __________from Europe.
Bài 4: Fill in the blank with the correct reporting verb from the box
told

said

advised

warned

suggested

asked

offered

ordered

1. "I’d go and see a doctor if I were you," Alex said to me.
Alex__________me to go and see a doctor.
2. "Can you come and help me with this box?"
John__________me to help him with the box.
3. "This is an exam Mr. John!! Shut up now!!!"
The headmaster__________Mr. John to shut up.
4. "That road is very dangerous so just be very careful!"
His mother__________him that the road was very dangerous and to be careful.
5. "Manchester United won the match last night."
The journalist__________that Manchester United had won the match the previous night.
6. "Why don't we go and see that new film at the cinema."
Bill__________going to see the new film at the cinema.
7. "I can come and look after the children tomorrow night."
Jane__________to come and look after the children the following day.
8. "The lesson starts at six o'clock in the evening."
The teacher__________us that the lesson started at six in the evening.
Bài 5: Fill in the blank with the correct reporting verb from the box


denied

offered

suggested

congratulated

encouraged

complimented

admitted

refused

begged

demanded

1. I know you can do it. Take the exam again.
He__________him to take the exam again.
2. The accident was all my fault.
She__________that the accident was her fault.
3. That's a very elegant dress you're wearing, Susan.
He__________Susan on wearing such an elegant dress.
4. Well done! You have got great exam results.
She__________him on getting great exam results.
5. I want to speak to the manager! - NOW!!
He__________to speak to the manager at once.
6. Shall we spend a quiet evening at home?
She__________spending a quiet evening at home.
7. There is not way I am going on holiday with my mom and dad.
He__________to go on holiday with his mom and dad.
8. Oh please! Let me go to the party, mum.
She__________her mum to let her go to the party.
9. No, it wasn't me. I didn't eat the last chocolate biscuit.
He__________eating the last chocolate biscuit.
10. Those bags look heavy. Can I give you a hand?
She__________to give him a hand with the bags.

Bài 6: Complete the story with the correct reporting verbs from the box.
refused

warned

advised

offered

promised agreed

invited

Grandma (1) __________Lisa to come to her cottage for lunch. Lisa (2) __________to visit and (3)
__________to bring a basket of fruit. Grandma (4) __________her not to take the path through the woods
because it was dangerous. "And you must promise not to talk to any strangers!" said grandma.
Lisa (5) __________not to. On the way to Grandma's cottage, Lisa met a stranger and he (6)
__________her to take the path through the woods because it was shorter. Fortunately, Lisa remembered
her promise to Grandma and she (7) __________to listen to the stranger.

■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
Bài 7: Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
1. I'd (A) like (B) to thank your brother (C) for (D) your help.
2. Ms. Emily (A) told to Alice (B) to give (C) her (D) a hand.


3. (A) My mother advised (B) me (C) buying (D) that house.
4. Linda (A) asked Kelly (B) whether (C) did she like sports (D) or not.
5. He asked Mary (A) how many (B) people (C) there are in (D) her family.
6. (A) A tourist asked (B) how far (C) was it from Ho Chi Minh City CD) to Hanoi.

7. She (A) wanted to know (B) Tom if would (C) have time to play badminton (D) regularly.
8. The teacher asked me (A) if I (B) was listening (C) to music (D) now.
9. David (A) asked me (B) did not to (C) stay up late and advised me (D) to go to bed early.
10. He promised (A) coming (B) with her (C) as soon as he (D) was ready.
Bài 8: Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
1. "Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?" he said to me.
A. He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night.
B. He offered me to go to the cinema with him tonight.
C. He asked me if I'd like to go to the cinema with him tonight.
D. He would like me to go to the cinema with him this night.
2. "If I were you, rd marry him." she said to me.
A. She said to me that if I were you, I'd marry him.
B. She will marry him if she is me.
C. She suggested to marry him if she were me.
D. She advised me to marry him.
3. "I'm sorry for being late again." said Lisa.
A. I felt sorry for Lisa's being late again.
B. Lisa was sorry for my being late again.
C. Lisa excused for my being late again.
D. Lisa apologized for being late again.
4. "How beautiful the dress you have just bought is!" Peter said to Mary.
A. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress.
B. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress.
C. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress.
D. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress.
5. "You shouldn't have told the truth, Kelly!" said Tom.
A. Tom suspected that Kelly had told the truth.
B. Tom criticized Kelly for having told the truth.
C. Tom accused Kelly of having told the truth.
D. Tom blamed Kelly for having told the truth.

6. "Don't forget to do your homework," my mother said
A. My mother ordered me to do my homework.
B. My mother asked me to do my homework.
C. My mother reminded me to do my homework.
D. My mother simply wanted me to do my homework.


7. "If you don't pay the ransom, we'll kill your boy," the kidnappers told him.
A. The kidnappers ordered to kill his boy if he did not pay the ransom.
B. The kidnappers pledged to kill his boy if he did not pay the ransom.
C. The kidnappers threatened to kill his boy if he refused to pay the ransom.
D. The kidnappers promised to kill his boy if he refused to pay the ransom.
8. "I will pay back the money, Kate."said Bill.
A. Bill apologised to Kate for borrowing her money.
B. Bill offered to pay Kate the money back.
C. Bill promised to pay back Kate's money.
D. Bill suggested paying back the money to Kate.
9. The captain to his men:"Leave there immediately!"
A. The captain suggested his men leave there immediately.
B. The captain ordered his men to leave there immediately.
C. The captain invited his men to leave there immediately.
D. The captain requested his men to leave there immediately.
10. "Go on, Mary! Apply for the job", the mother said.
A. The mother wanted Mary not to apply for the job.
B. The mother invited Mary to apply for the job.
C. The mother denied applying for the job.
D. The mother encouraged Mary to apply for the job.
Bài 9: Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.
1. Tim said "Please come to my party".

 Tim invited me ______________________________.
2. My teacher said, "I think you should improve your pronunciation."

 My teacher advised me _______________________________.
3. Mrs. Hoa said, "You may use the phone".

 Mrs. Hoa permitted me ______________________________.
4. The doctor said, "Take a deep breath".

 The doctor told the patient ______________________________.
5. My husband said, "Make an appointment with the dentist".

 My husband reminded me______________________________.
6. "Sorry, I am late." Mary said.

 Mary apologized ______________________________.
7. The judge said, "You must pay a fine of one hundred dollars".

 The judge ordered Mr. David ______________________________.
8. Jane said "Don't touch the hot pot".

 Jane warned me not ______________________________.
9. Susan said "Don't buy a used car".

 Susan advised me not ______________________________.


10. "You can't run out of the garden". Ms Lan said to the children.

 Ms Lan prevented ______________________________.

Bài 10: Write the sentences in reported speech, using reporting verbs in brackets.
1. I'm sorry I broke the glass", said David, (apologize)

 David______________________________.
2. "Why don't you put your luggage under the seat?", he told me. (advise)

 He______________________________.
3. "Shall we go for a walk?" she said, (suggest)

 She______________________________.
4. "1f I were rich, I would travel around the world", my father said to me. (told)

 My father______________________________.
5. "Don't forget to phone me when you get to New York", said my mom. (remind)

 My mom______________________________.
6. "I broke your old vase", she said in tears, (admit)

 She ______________________________.
7. "Don't swim out too far, boys", said the coach, (warn)
=> The coach______________________________.
8. "Would you like to come to my house for dinner tonight?", he said, (invite)

 He______________________________.