Unit 5 CULTURAL IDENTITY

CULTURAL IDENTITY

UNIT 5

(BẢN SẮC VĂN HÓA)

A. VOCABULARY
New words
assimilate

Meaning
đồng hóa

/əˈsɪməleɪt/
(v)

attire /əˈtaɪə(r)/ (n)

blind man's bluff
/ˌblaɪnd mænz
ˈblʌf / (n)

quần áo, trang
phục

trò chơi bịt mắt
bắt dê

~ blind man's bluff
(n)

cultural identity
/ˈkʌltʃərəl
aɪˈdentəti/

bản sắc văn
hóa

Picture

Example
Many immigrants have
been successfully
assimilated into the new
culture.
Nhiều người nhập cư đã
hòa nhập thành công với
nền văn hóa mới.
Jeans can be appropriate
attire for a wedding.
Quần bò cũng có thể là
trang phục phù hợp trong
đám cưới.

They take part in some folk
games like blind man's buff
or shuttlecock throwing.
Họ tham gia vào một số trò
chơi dân gian như bịt mắt
bắt dê hay đá cầu.

They want to keep their
cultural identity, so they
continue speaking their
language.
Với mục đích giữ gìn bản
sắc văn hóa, họ tiếp tục nói
ngôn ngữ riêng của mình.


các hoạt động
văn hóa, tập
/ˈkʌltʃərəl præktɪs/
quán văn hóa
(n)

Some ethnic groups have
strange cultural practices
such as walking on fire to
prevent natural disasters.
Một số dân tộc có tập quán
văn hóa kỳ lạ như đi trên
lửa để ngăn ngừa thiên tai.

custom /ˈkʌstəm/
(n)

phong tục, tập
quán

Giving children lucky

money during Tet holidays
is one of the customs of
Vietnamese people.
Lì xì cho trẻ em trong dịp
Tết là một trong những
phong tục của người Việt.

diversity

tính đa dạng

I teach my students to
appreciate the diversity of
other cultures.
Tôi dạy học sinh của mình
biết trân trọng sự đa dạng
của các nền văn hóa khác.

lũ lượt kéo đến

Hundreds of people flocked
to watch the race.
Hàng trăm người lũ lượt
kéo đến để xem cuộc đua.

cultural practices

/daɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n)

flock /flɒk/ (n)

integrate/ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ hội nhập, hợp
(v)
nhất

When she studied abroad,
she successfully integrated


maintain
/meɪnˈteɪn/ (v)

bảo vệ, duy trì

multicultural
/ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl/
(adj)

đa văn hóa

national costume

trang phục dân
tộc

/ˌnæʃnəl
ˈkɒstjuːm/ (n)

national pride
/ˌnæʃnəl ˈ praɪd/

lòng tự hào dân
tộc

into the local culture. Khi
đi du học, cô đã hòa
nhập thành công với văn
hóa địa phương.
Many ethnic groups find it
difficult to maintain their
own language.
Nhiều dân tộc cảm thấy
khó khăn để duy trì ngôn
ngữ của họ.

People living in a
multicultural society
should learn to respect and
understand different
cultural values.
Những người sống trong
một xã hội đa văn hóa nên
học cách hiểu và tôn trọng
các giá trị văn hóa khác
nhau.
The ao dai, kimono and
sari are women's national
costumes in some Asia
countries.
Áo dài, kimono và sari là

trang phục dân tộc của nữ
giới ở một số nước châu Á.

They show their national
pride by playing traditional
drums.
Họ thể hiện lòng tự hào
dân tộc bằng cách đánh
những chiếc trống truyền


thống.
solidarity
/ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti/ (n)

sự đoàn kết, tình
đoàn kết

unify /ˈjuːnɪfaɪ/ (v)

thống nhất

Festivals help to strengthen
the spirit of solidarity and
unity of the whole nation.
Lễ hội giúp củng cố tinh
thần đoàn kết và sự đồng
lòng của cả dân tộc.

The new leader hopes to

unify the country.
Nhà lãnh đạo mới hy vọng
sẽ thống nhất đất nước.

unique /ju'ni:k/
(adj)

độc lập, duy
nhất, chỉ có một
The area has its own
unique language.
Khu vực này có ngôn ngữ
độc đáo của riêng nó.

unite /ju'naɪt/

đoàn kết

(V)

worship /ˈwɜːʃɪp/

Tôn kính, thờ

Vietnamese is the language
that can unite the people of
my country in the face of
any danger.
Tiếng Việt là ngôn ngữ có
thể đoàn kết người dân

nước tôi khi phải đối mặt
với mọi nguy hiểm.
They built jungle pyramids


(n)

cúng, thờ phụng

to worship their gods.
Họ xây dựng các kim tự
tháp trong rừng để thờ
phụng các vị thần.

B. GRAMMAR
I. THE PRESENT PERFECT VS. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (THÌ HIỆN
TẠI HOÀN THÀNH VS. THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOẲN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN)
Sự khác biệt giữa hiện tại hoàn thành và hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
-Thì hiện tại hoàn thành chú ý đến kết quả của hành động.Trong khi đó, thì hiện tại hoàn thành
tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh đến hành động mà có thể chưa kết thúc.
E.g: I've been decorating the house this morning. (nhấn mạnh vào hành động -decorating- hành
động chưa kết thúc)
I've painted the living room blue. (nhấn mạnh vào kết quả của hành động. Bây giờ chúng
ta có thể nhìn thấy được kết quả)
- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành nói đến hành động hoàn thành được bao nhiêu (how many/ how much);
còn thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn nói đến hành động xảy ra được bao lâu (how long)
E.g:
She's been writing letters for 3 hours.
She's written 5 letters.
- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành nói đến hành động mang tính chất lâu dài, còn thì hiện tại hoàn thành

tiếp diễn chỉ hành động mang tính tạm thời.
E.g:
I've worked here for ten years.
I usually work in Hanoi but I've been working in Ho Chi Minh City for the last 3 weeks.
- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn thường được dùng với những cụm từ thời gian như "all day/
week/ year, for hours/ months/ years", nhưng thường không được dùng với "ever" và "never"
Lưu ý: Trong một số trường hợp, ta có thể chia động từ ở cả thì hiện tại hoàn thành và hiện
tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn tùy thuộc vào ngữ cảnh.
■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1: Choose the best answer in brackets. If both tenses are possible, use the present
perfect continuous.
1. I

('vé been cycling /'ve you cycled) and my legs are really tired now.

2. I'm sorry I'm late,
3. How long

(have you waited /have you been waiting) for a long time?
(have you known/ have you been knowing) Peter?


4. Somebody

(has been eating /has eaten) my cookies. There are none left.

5. Somebody

(has been eating /has eaten) my cookies. There are very few left.

6. How many books

(has she written/ has she been writing)?

7. She must be tired. She
8. I
chapters.
9. I think I

(has written/ has been writing) all afternoon.

('ve been reading/ 've read) all afternoon? I

('ve been reading/'ve read) 5

('ve been liking/ 've liked) chocolate since I was born.

10. They
(have been travelling/ have travelled) for months, and they
visiting /have visited) three countries so far.

(have been

II. REPEATED COMPARATIVES (SO SÁNH LẶP)
So sánh lặp được dùng để miêu tả sự việc đang tăng lên hoặc đang giảm xuống (càng ngày
càng/ ngày càng). So sánh lặp được kết nối bởi từ "and".
1. Tính từ/ Trạng từ
a. Tính từ/ Trạng từ ngắn
Form: short adj/ adv + ER AND short adj/ adv + ER
E.g: My English is getting better and better. (Tiếng Anh của tôi càng ngày càng tốt hơn.)

b. Tính từ/ Trạng từ dài
Form: MORE AND MORE + long adj/ adv/ LESS AND LESS + long adj/ adv
E.g: Things are getting more and more expensive these days. (Ngày nay mọi thứ đang ngày càng
trở nên đắt đỏ hơn.)
2. Danh từ
a. Danh từ đếm được số nhiều
Form: MORE AND MORE + N/ FEWER AND FEWER + N
E.g: More and more people use smartphones. (Ngày càng có nhiều người sử dụng điện thoại
thông minh hơn.)
There are fewer and fewer students in this school. (Ngày càng có ít học sinh hơn ở trường này.)
b. Danh từ không đếm được
Form: MORE AND MORE + N/ LESS AND LESS + N
E.g: They have more and more time to do this task. (Họ càng ngày càng có nhiều thời gian
hơn để làm nhiệm vụ này.)
■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 2: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets,
using repeated comparatives.
1. He gets

(boring).


2. This book is getting

(interesting).

3. My daughter's English results are getting
4. Sally arrives

(late) at work.

5. The weather is getting

(beautiful).

6. Your room is getting
7. Milk is getting

(messy).
(expensive).

8. I think films are getting
9. It's getting

(bad).

(violent).

(difficult) to see him.

10. He is getting

(busy) at the moment.

11. I saw him yesterday. He feels

(good).

Bài 3. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets,
using repeated comparatives. Choose the best answer.

1. He gets (+ boring)
2. This book is getting (- interesting)

.

3. My daughter's English results are getting (+ bad)
4. This book is getting (- interesting)

.

5. My daughter's English results are getting (+ bad)
6. Your room is getting (+ messy)
7. Milk is getting (+ expensive)
8. I saw him yesterday. He feels (+ good)
9. Computers are getting (- expensive)
10. There are (+ tourists)

from Asia in Australia.

11. We have (- time)

to relax and do nothing.

12. There are (- immigrants)
13. In Australia, (- people)

from Europe.
learn French at school.

14. It is getting (+ hard)

to find a job nowadays.

15. There are (- koalas)

in Australia.

16. It is getting (+ difficult)

to find a job nowadays.

17. Handball is becoming (+ popular)
18. (+ Australians)
19. People live (+ far)

.

worry about ecology.
from the capital city.

20. The Australian beaches are getting (+ clean)
■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO

.


Bài 4: Choose the best answer in brackets. If both tenses are possible, use the present
perfect continuous.
1. Her eyes hurt because she
hours.

2. I'm tired because I

('s been looking/'s looked) at that computer screen for
(haven't been having /haven't had) a holiday for ages.

3. It
('s been snowing/ 's snowed) for hours. If it continues we won't be able to go to
school tomorrow.
4. I hope Tom's alright. We

(haven't been seeing /haven't seen) him recently.

5. The office is really busy. The phones
6.

(have been ringing/ have rung) all day.

(Have you been reading /Have you read) any of Alan Bennett's work?

7. They're tired now because they
8. We
bus.

('ve been cycling /'ve cycled) thirty miles.

('ve been waiting/'ve waited) for over half an hour and there's still no sign of the

Bài 5: Complete the sentences below by putting the verb in brackets into the present perfect
simple or present perfect continuous.
1. The company is huge. It (create)

year.
2. We (produce)
3. I (have)

a thousand new jobs since the beginning of last

this product since the beginning of the year.
this car for twenty years and it's as reliable as ever.

4. I'm afraid the company is going bankrupt. It (have)
5. So, what (you/do)

since I last saw you? What's new?

6. How many of these questions (you/manage)
7. I'm a bit worried about Mike. He (act)
8. He's an awful driver. He (have)
9. (you/send)
10. I (try)

big problems lately.
to get right so far?

very strange of late.
four accidents in the last three months.

us the new price list of your products yet? We need it as soon as possible.
to repair the lock on our door for the last four hours without any success.

Bài 6: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets,

using repeated comparatives.
1. He gets

(boring). I can't listen to him any longer.

2. I didn't like this book at first, but it's getting
3. My daughter's English results are getting

(interesting).
(bad).

4. The boss will be angry with you. You arrive
5. In spring the weather gets

(warm).

6. It's time you tidied your room. It's getting (messy).
7. Food is getting

(expensive).

(late) at work.


8. I think TV programs are getting
9. I find it

(violent).

(difficult) to see him.

10. She's getting over her operation. She feels

(good).

Bài 7: Complete the sentence by using the bolded adjective in its correct form.
1. This is a nice cat. It's much

than my friend's cat.

2. Here is Sarah. She's six years old. Her brother is nine, so he is

.

3. This is a difficult exercise. But that exercise is the

exercise on the worksheet.

4. He has an interesting hobby, but my sister has the

one in the world.

5. In the last holidays I read a good book, but father gave me an even
6. School is boring, but homework is

one last weekend.

than school.

7. Skateboarding is a dangerous hobby. Bungee jumping is

than skateboarding.

8. This magazine is cheap, but that one is
9. We live in a small house, but my grandparents' house is even
10. Yesterday John told me a funny joke. This joke was the

than ours.
joke I've ever heard.

Bài 8: Choose the correct answer.
1. It's becoming
nowadays.

(harder and harder/more and more hard) to secure a good job

2. My sister is probably

(the more/the most) important person in my life.

3. We find that we have

(far less/lesser) time to relax now that we have children.

4. Out of the two of them, she was

(a bit/far and away) the better singer.

5. The (worse/worst)

thing by far about being unemployed is having no money.

6. Tom and Margot are

(easily/easiest) the best students in my class.

7. My exam results are only

(marginally/ quite) worse than yours.

8. The slower you work, the

(longer /longest) the job will take you to finish.

Bài 9: Rewrite the sentences.
1. She plays better than I do.
 I don't
2. He plays football better than anyone in our team.
 He is
3. Men don't live as long as women.
 Women
4. You shouldn't drive so fast in this wet weather.


 You should
5. We had planned the meeting to end earlier.
 The meeting ended
6. David didn't enjoy the film as much as Ann.
 Ann
7. I like classical music better than pop.

 I don’t
8. The meal cost us far more than we thought it would.
 We didn't think
9. There are fewer rainy days in Ho Chi Minh City than in Hanoi.
 There aren't
10. I hadn't expected this exercise to be so difficult.
 This exercise
Bài 10: Choose the best answer.
people speak English.

1. English is now the international language, that's why
A. fewer and fewer

B. hotter and hotter

C. less and less

D. more and more

2. The influence of France is not as strong as it used to be, that's why
A. fewer and fewer

B. hotter and hotter

C. less and less

3. People need their cars to get to work, that's why
A. fewer and fewer

B. hotter and hotter

A. fewer and fewer

B. hotter and hotter

oil has to be imported.

B. hotter and hotter

C. less and less

D. more and more
people.

C. less and less

D. more and more

6. The number of kangaroos is increasing. That's why there are
A. fewer and fewer

B. hotter and hotter

kangaroos in Australia.

C. less and less

D. more and more

7. The immigration from Great Britain is decreasing, so there are

A. fewer and fewer

B. hotter and hotter

D. more and more

time to cook.

5. The world population is increasing. That's why there are
A. fewer and fewer

D. more and more

C. less and less

4. People work every day. That's why they have

French.

people.

C. less and less

D. more and more

8. Practising surf is popular, so the number of people who practise surfing is getting
important.
A. fewer and fewer

B. hotter and hotter

C. less and less

9. In France the temperature is increasing, so it is getting
A. fewer and fewer

B. hotter and hotter

D. more and more
.

C. less and less

10. There are twenty millions kangaroos in Australia but there are

D. more and more
koalas.

,


A. fewer and fewer

B. hotter and hotter

C. less and less

D. more and more