Nghiên cứu tín hiệu ECG với giải pháp công nghệ ASIC sử dụng các linh kiện chủng loại FPGA cho các ứng dụng truyền thông : Đề tài NCKH. QC.07.12

MUC LUC

1
2

1.

Miic luc

2.
3.

Bang giai thich eac chu viet tat
Danh sach nhung nguai tham gia de tai

4

4.
5.

Danh muc cac bieu bang so lieu
Tom tat cac ket qua nghien euu chinh

6

6.

BAO CAO TONG KET
6.1
Dat van de
6.2

Tong quan
6.3
Muc tieu va ngi dung nghien euu
6.4
Dia diem va thai gian nghien euu
6.5
Ket qua
6.6
Thao luan
6.7
Ket luan . kien ngbi
6.8
Tai lieu tham khao

7.

PHU LUC
7.1
7.2
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6

T6m tat de tai nghien ctru khoa hoc (T.Viet)
Tom tat de tai nghien euu khoa hoe { l.Anh)
Fhiet ke tren FPGA de loai on eho tin hieu
ECG nha bien doi song eon

Bia luan van tot nghiep bac dai hoc ve
FPGA
De cuang da duge phe duvet
Hop dong duge thuc hien
Tom tat ket qua nghien euu
Phieu dang ki ket qua nghien euu

OAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI
TRUNG TAM THONG TIN THIJ VIEN

I)

q^^

7
7

8
15
15
16
16
17
17

!8
20

28

41
43
44


2. BANG GIAI THIGH CAC TlT VIET TAT

Ky hieu

TiengAnh

Tieng Viet

AWGN

Additive White Gaussian Noise

Nhieu Gauss, trang cgng tinh

BER

Bit Error Rate

Ty le bit loi

CBl

Cross Band Interference

Nhieu giua cac bang

CSA

Carrier Serving Area

Vung phue vu song mang

DC

Direct Current

Dong dien mot chieu

DC!

Discrete Cosine Transform

Bien doi Cosin roi rac

DDS

Digital Data Service

Dich \ u dCr lieu so

DFE

Decision Feed-back Equalizer

Bg can bang phan hoi qu>'et dinh

DFT

Discrete Fourier Transform

Phep bien doi Fourier rai rac

DMB

Discrete Multi-Band

Da bang rai rac

DMT

Discrete Multi'Fone

Da am rai rac

DMS

Discrete MultiScale

Da phan giai roi rac

DSP

Digital Signal Processing

Xu ly tin hieu so

DVVMT

Discrete Wavelet Multitone
Transform

Bien doi da song con rai rae

DVVr

Discrete Wavelet Transform

Phep bien dot song con roi rac

FDM

l-requencN Division Multiplexing

Hop kenh phan chia thco tan so

YVi

Fast Fourier Transform

Phep bien doi fourier nlianh

FIR

Finite Impulse Response

Bg Igc dap ung xung hirti ban

FPGA

Field Programable Gate Array

Ma tran cong kha lap trmh

FWT

i-ast Wavelet Transform

Phep bien doi song con nhanh


HPF

High-pass Filter

Mach Igc thong cao

IBI

Inter-Band Interference

Nhieu trong bang

ICI

Inter-CaiTier Interference

Nhieu giu'a cac song mang

IDFT

Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform

Phep bien doi Fourier rai rac ngirge

IDWMT Inverse Discrete Wavelet Muhitone

Phep bien doi da song con roi rac

Transform

ngugc

IDWF

Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform

Phep bien doi ngugc song con roi rac

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Vien Ky thuat Dicn va Dien tu

Engineers

IFFT

Inverse Fast Fourier Transform

Phep bien doi ngugc eua phep bien
doi Fourier nhanli

ISl

InterSymbol Interference

Nhieu giua cac ki hieu

LMSE

Least Mean Squared Error

Sai so binh phirang trung binh toi
thieu

LPF

Low-Pass Filter

Mach Igc thong tbap

MCM

Multi-Carrier Modulation

Dieu che da song mang

MFB

Matched-Filter Bound

Bien bg Igc hoa hgp

MRA

Multi-Resolution Approximated

Gan dicing da phan giai

MRSE

Mean Redundacy Squared Error

Loi binh phuang con dir trung binli

MMSE

Minimum Mean Squared Error

Loi binh phuang trung binh toi thieu

MSSNR

Maximum Shortening Signal-toNoise Ratio

Lam ngan lai toi da t\ so tin hieu v:cn
on

PDF

Probability Densitv Function

Ham mat do xac xucit

PSD

Power Spectrum Density

Mat do pho ce^ng suat

SDE

Scale Domain Equalizer

Bg can bang mien phan giai

SNR

Signal to Noise Ratio

T\ so cong biuii tin hicu U'cn iihicu

STFT

Space Time Frequency Transform

Bien doi viine iho'i eian tan so


3. DANH SACH N H L T N G NGlTOI THAiM GIA THL C HIEN DE TAI

a. Chu tri de tai : Ths. Nguyen Quoc Tuan
Bg mon He thong Vien thong
Khoa Dien tir Vien thong
Trirane Dai hoc Cone nehe - Dai hoc Quoc eta I ia no\

b. Cac can bo tham gia

1. Tran Quang Dat
2. Mau van Phuo'ng
3. Biii Trung Ninh
4. Iran Thanh I lai

Ths.
FIgc vien Cao bgc
FIgc vien Cao hgc
Cu nhan

Truang
Truang
Fruang
Truane

Dai
Dai

Dai
Dai

bgc
hgc
bgc
hoc

Cong
Cong
Cong
Cone

nghe
nghe
nghe
nehe


4.

DANH MUC CAC BANG SO LIEU, HINH VE

Hinh 1: Tom tat luu do thiet ke VHDL
Hinh 2: Sa do ngiiyen ly mach do tin hieu ECG
Hinh 3: So do mach do tin hieu ECG

Trang 10
Trang 11
Trang 12

Hinh 4: Sa do Ichoi he xu li tin hieu ECG
Hinli 5: Mach chi tiet loai on tren DWT

Trang 13
Trang 14


5. TOM TAT CAC KET QUA NGHIEN CUU CHINH C I A DE TAI

Ten de tai:

Nghien eim tin hieu ECG vai giai phap cong nghe ASIC sir dung
cac linh kien chiing loai FPGA

Chu tri de tai:

ThS Nguyen Quoc Tuan - Khoa DTVT

Ma so de tai:

QC.07.12

Muc tieu nghien euu:
-

Nghien ciru tai lieu, thu thap. tim hieu bo sung ve FPGA.
Tao ra san pham mau cong nghe Xilinx su dung FPGA

Noi dung nghien ciiu:

Nghien euu ngon ngir thiet ke VHDL:
-H Lam chu ve phan mem thiet ke FPGA
+ Xay dung cac mach bien doi s6ng con.
Phuong phap nghien ciiu
-

Nghien euu pham mem thiet ke ISE Foundation 8.0 cua hang Xilinx.
Nghien euu ung dung xu ly thong tin (dien tu. xu ly so...).
Ni^hien ciai cons neibe FPGA

Ket qua nghien ciiu:
San pham khoa hgc:
T 01 bai bao dang tai tap chi Khoa hgc va Cong nghe DHQGHN.
San pham cong nghe:
+ 01 san pham cong nghe su dung cong nghe Xilinx.
San pham dao tao:
+ 01 kJioa luan tot nghiep dai hgc.
Hieu qua kinh te \a kha nang ap dung thuc te:
^ Cho cac do dac \ a thu thap cac tin hieu y sinh.
-1- Cho cac thiet bi dien tu chu\en duns.


6. BAO CAO TONG KET
6.1. Dat van de :
1 u nira cuoi the ky 20 eho den nay, tat ca cac cong nghe da phat trien manh nie
lam tang cuang sue manh cua xa hoi. Hau bet cac phat trien quan trgng nay. ngoai cac
dac trung cua tung Imh vuc. deu dua vao nhirng phat tnen cua Cong nghe Thong tin v a
dien tir truyen thong, gom ca phan cimg, phan mem va cac thuat toan lien quan. Soi
chi do noi ket cac thanh phan nay chinh la khai niem tich hgp thong minh: cac du lieu
duge sap dat phan tich va bai toan duge giai quyet vai nhung phuang phap su' dune tri

tue nhan tao.
Ve phan mem. chung ta co cac khai niem quan trgng nhu xir ly ttr thicli nehi.
thong minh nhan tao. phan mem nhung... Ve phan cung, do tich hgp cac vi mach cane
ngay cang cao, cac bg xu ly cang ngay cang manh \'a nhat la cong nghe san xuat bg
nha nga)' cang tra nen tinh vi.
Hien nay chung ta c6 the sir dung may tinh ca nhan. cac bg vi xu ly tin hicti so
(DSP) va cac bg phat trien phan cirng sir dung cong nghe FPGA de giai quyet mot \'an
de. Neu cbi su dung may tinh de giai quyet thi thiet bi rat cong kenh va gia thanh cao.
Co nhCrng ap dung bai bue}c phai xu dung cac bg vi xu ly DSP de eo gia ihanh thap \a
ggn nhe ho'n. Tu}' nhien. trong truang hgp nay chung ta can thiet ke cac giao dien de
lien ket \'ai cac thiet bi khac nham hgp thanh mot he thong thich hgp. Cuoi cting. ncu
muon mot thiet ke dac biet de kiem chirng chat lugng va tinh kha thi cua mgi giai
phap, chung ta c6 the dimg cong nghe FPGA. cho phep chung ta thiel ke va \a\ dirne
cac mach xu ly c6 chue nang nhu mong muon. Dau tu cho phan ctrng va phan mem
FPGA khong qua dat. cac chip FPGA lap trinh lai duge sir dung duge nhieu Ian, \'i
va\v cong cu FPGA rat thich hgp voi biroe dau tien trong chucmg trinh dao tao thicl kc
vi dien tir.
Mot trong cac ung dimg trong khuon kho de tai SIS la xa\- dung he thone \ u li
dua tren FPGA tich hgp DSP. Doi tugng xu li lua chgn trong de tai na\' la cac tin hieu
y sinh (tin hieu dien tam do - ECG)


6.2. Tong quan cac van de nghien ciiu
a) FPGA
Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) la vi mach dung cau true mang phan tu
logic ma nguai diing eo the lap trinh duge. (ChuJ^eld a day muon chi den klrci nang tai
lap trinli "ben ngoai'' ciia nguai su dung, Idiong phu thugc vao da} chu\cn ^an xuai
phue tap ciia nha may ban dan). Vi mach FPGA duge cau thanh tu cac bg phan:
•
•

•

Cac khoi logic ca ban lap trinh duge (logic block)
Fie thong mach lien ket lap trinh duge
Khoi vao/ra [10 Pads)
Phan tu thiet ke san khac nhu DSP slice, RAM. ROM. nhan vi xu ly...

FPGA eung duge xem nhir mot loai vi mach ban dan chu\en dung .-\SIC. nhu'ne
neu so sanh FPGA vai nhung ASIC dac che hoan toan hay ASIC thiel ke tren thir v ien
logic thi FPGA khong dat duge muc do toi uu nhu nhCrng loai na_\. va han che uvuig
kha nang thuc bien nJiung lac vu dac biet phue tap. tu)' \ay FPGA iru viet hon a cho
CO the tai cau true lai kbi dang sir dung, cong doan thiet ke don gian do va\ chi phi
giam, rut ngan thai gian dua san pham vao sir dung.
Con neu so sanh \'ai cac dang vi mach ban dan lap trinh duge dung cau trhc mang
phan tir logic nhu PAL. CPLD thi FPGA uu \ iet ban cac diem: tac vu tai lap Irinh cua
fPGA thuc hien don gian ban: kha nang lap trinh linh dgng ban: khac biel quan tri^ng
nhat la kien true cua FPG.V cho phep no eo kha nang chira khoi lugng leVn cone logic
(logic gate), so voi cac vi mach ban dan lap trinJi duge eo truac no.
Thiet ke hay lap trinh cho FPGA duge thuc hien chu yeu bang cac ngon wdu mo ta
phan ctrng HDL nhu VHDL, Verilog. .AHDL. cac hang san xuat IPCiA Ion nhu'
Xilinx. Altera thuo'ng cung cap cac goi phan mem va thiel hi phu ira cho vjua tnnh
thiet ke:. cung c6 mot so cac hang thu ba cung cap cac goi phan mem kieu na\ niur
S\nops>s, S\nplif\... Cac goi phan mem na\ c6 kha nang thuc hien tat ca cac btioe
cua loan bg quy trinh thiet ke IC chuan \'ai dau vao la ma thiet ke tren HDL (con ggi la
ma RTL).
Kien true mai cua FPGA cho phep tinh hgp so krgng tiroug doi Ian cac phan tu ban
dan vao 1 vi mach so vo'i kien true truac do la CPLD. FPG.A co kha nane chua Un tu'


100.000 dSn hang vai ty cong logic, trong khi CPLD chi chua tir 10.000 den lOU.Oou

cone loeic; con so nav doi vai PAL. PEA con thap ban nira chi dat vai nehin de^n
10.000.
•

CPLD duge cau true tu so lugng nhat dinh cac Ichoi SPED [Simple
programcible devices, thuat ngir chung chi PAL. PEA). SPLD thuang la mot
mang logic AND/OR lap trinh duge co kich thirae xac dinh va chua mot so
lugng han che cac phan tir nha dong bg (clocked register). Cau true na\ han che
kha nang thuc hien nhu'ng ham phtre tap va thong thtrang hieu suai lam viee cua
vi mach phu thugc vao cau true cu the cua vi mach ban la vao \'eu cau bai toan.

•

Kien true cua FPGA la kien true mang cac khoi logic. kJioi logic, nho ban nhieu
neu dem so sanh vai mot khoi SPLD, uu diem nay giup FPGA co the chua
nhieu ban cac phan tir logic va phat huy toi da kha nang lap trinh cua cac phan
tu logic va he thong mach ket noi. de dat duge muc dich nay thi kien true cua
FPGA phue tap ban nJiieu so vai CPLD.

Mot diem khac biel vai CPLD la trong nhCrng FPGA hien dai duge tich hgp nhieu
nliCrng bg logic so bgc da so' bg toi uu boa. ho trg I^-\M. ROM. toe do cao. bay cac bg
nhan cong (mullication and acciimiikttion. MAC), thuat ngCr tieng Anh la DSP slice
dung cho nhirng ung dung xu ly tin hieu so DSP. Ngoai kha nang tai cau true \ i mach
toan cue. mot so FPGA hien dai eon ho trg tai cau true cue bo. arc la kha nane lai cau
true mot bg phan rieng le Irong khi van dam bao boat eigng bmh thuang cho cae ho
phan khac.
Lfng dung cua FPGA bao gom: xu ly tin hieu so DSP, cac he thong hang khong. vu
Iru. quoc phong. tien thiet ke mau ASIC (ASIC prototvping). cac he llione elieu khicn
true quan, phan tich nhan dang anh, nhan dang tieng noi, mat ma hgc, mo hinh phan
cij'ng may tiiili...

Do tinh linh dgng cao trong qua trinh thiet ke cho phep FPGA giai qu\ et lo'p nhCrne
bai toan phiie tap ma truoe kia ebi thirc hien nho phan mem ma\" tmb. ngoai ra nho'
mat do cong logic Ion FPGA duge ung dung eho nhCrng bai loan doi hoi khui luoive
tinh toan Ian \'a dune trone cac he thone lam \aec theo tho'i eian ihirc.


b) VHDL
VHDL la ngon ngir mieu ta phan cirng (VHSIC HardM-are Description
Language). VHDL mieu ta boat dgng cua mach hay he thong dien tu de eo diroe mach
hay he thong dien tu thuc. VHDL duge ung dung cho bai thiet bi logic lap trinh dtrge
la CPLD (Thiet bj logic lap trinh duge) va FPGA (cau true mang phan tu logic nta
nguai dimg co the lap trinh duge).
Mot trong cac tien ich chinh cua VFIDL la no cho phep to hgp mot mach dicn
hay mot he thong vao trong mot thiet bi lap trinh duge. Moi mgi khi v iei code \ 1IDL.
no CO the duge dung hoac de tao ra "mach dien^' cho ben Irong mot thiel bi co the lap
trinli duge (cua Xillinx hay Altera. Atmel ..) hoac eo the duge e1e trinh de cung cap cho
nha ma}' che tao chip .ASIC.
Khac vai cac chuong trinli eho may tinh chi co the van hanh mot each trinh tu.
VFIDL duge coi la '"ma-code'" vi no cho phep van hanh song song. Chi cae trang thai
cua VHDL duge dai ben trong mot PROCESS, FbrN'CTlOX nay PRnLFDLRb la
diroe van hanh trinli ttr.

Cnnipiliinoii

0;uL- ll.'^^

O i H K i u / i[|,in

NMillK

O j H l l t l i / i ' d (K'llisl

'
SiiViul.itUMi

P l . u . .V k n i i U

tlij'> i c e

^IHiUl.llidti

Hinii I • Tom tat :iru do ihiei ke VHDL

HI


c) Mach do tin hieu ECG tipcng tiF

Tin hieu ECG la rat yeu va khong ro rang, dien ap chenh lech giCra 2 Llicn circ
phia tay trai va phia lay phai ca l-3mV va tan so cua cac tin hieu ECG nam trong
khoang giua 0.02Hz eho tai 150Hz. Chat lugng ciia cac sensor cam nhan tin hieu LLC;
tiiv thuoc vao bang thong cua no. Cac sensor ECG tren thi truang eia re co bane thone
tai 30FIz.
Do vay mach do tin hieu ECG Analog thuang la mach khm'ech dai tan so rat
thap. tu dgng hieu chinh diem zero, mach Igc thong thap, mach Igc thong cao va mach
Igc Notch. Duge gep noi vai may tinh de thu thap va chi thi cae tin hieu ECG. So do
ngu}en Iv cua mot mach do tin hieu ECG duge 1116 la diroi day:
Nhirgc diem chinh cua mach do tin hieu ECG luong tu la kho gia cone ( xu li i
tin hieu tuang tu duge do do chat lugng tin hieu FCG analog khong cao. 1 in IUCLI

ECCJ khi duge thu nhan bai may tinh co the duge xir li so. nhirne thier hi cone kenh .
tieu thu nane luoue Ion va eia thanh rat cao.

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Hinli 2. So- do nguven iv macii do tin ineii EC '(.i

Mach do tin hieu ECG gep noi vai ma}' tinh de thu thap so lieu FCC.i \a \u' li co
so do mach in (PCB) duoc chi ra trone hinli ducu da\- :

//


ITnli 3: So' do mach do tin iiicu ECG

d) Xi> li s6 tin hieu ECG diFa tren song con
Mot trong cac giai phap doi mai cong nghe, nang cao chat lugng tin hieu FCG.
thiet bi thu nho va gia thanh ha la : so hoa tin hieu ECG vd xir li tin hieu so ECG dira
tren EPGADSP.

Tin hieu ECG cung nhu cac tin hieu } sinh khac can phai giai quvct

eac van de chu }eu sau:
Loai on
Khoi phue dang tin hieu ngu} en goc
Nhan dang tin hieu (niu)
Da CO nhieu giai phap khac nhau de giai quvel cac van de nay. I rong khuon
kho cua de tai, chung toi chi dat van de xu li on cua tin hieu ECG. NhCrng nam gan
da\', cung \'ai sir phai trien cua khoa hgc va cong nehe. cac ki thuat xir li tin Incu \
sinh (dien tam do. dien nao do ..) da ap dung cac kl thuat bien dai nhu:
- Loai nhieu theo ngiro'ng sau khi thuc hien bien doi song con rai rac (DVV'l )
- Sir dung cac giai thuat cho Igc so nhu: 'fha}' doi bac thuat toan LMS. RLS ilico
huoiie thav eloi kich thuoe buoc thich nehi.
cr

-

•'

KT thuat loai nhieu thong qua ngirong sau khi thuc bien DWT ngay nav da v a
dang phat trien manh vi ki thuat na}" eo uu diem la do phire tap \'ira phai chap nhan
duoe. kha nane loai on cao.
\ ' c nguvcn tac. me)t tin hieu bat ki co the duge phan lieh ihco eac ham
va cac ham phan giai thco bicu thuc:

-^OUL: ^K^W


4 h = Z«,„." (*.„"<') "XX'^',..V^,.4')
Trong do : a^ ^. la cac he so ham phan giai con J^,, la cac he so ham song eeni tai do
phan giaiy. tp^ „ va y/^^^ la cac ham phan giai va ham song con tai do phan giai /.
Phep phan tich tin hieu theo cac ham song con la phep phan tich tin hieu dong
thai theo ca mien tho'i gian Ian mien tan so. Dieu nav cho phep chLing la dinh \ u tin
hieu rat tot theo ca thai gian-lan so va do do vice loai nhieu va khoi phue tin hieu elugc
thuc hien mot each kha de dang, chinh xac.
Nhieu ciia tin hieu ECG duge thuc hien loai bo bang each: ^au Idu bien doi
song eon ro'i rac (DWT) tin hieu FCG da duge so boa de co etuoe cac he so c/
chung ta thuc hien co/gian cae he so d ^^ dua theo ngirang da dirge xac dinh. (iia tri
eua netrong £' duoc tinh loan khi xir li tin hieu ECG dua tren SNR \a M tri c:ic b:'tnL.
con khi phan tich tin hieu ECG. Chimg toi da sir dung giai phap ngu'ong thich nehi
theo time bane con. Khi do:
i
are rain ' a
I

^'-2X/U^.

min" E/
Z
k.\

, .t- }\
J

Tin hieu ECG da duge loai on thu duge bang each bien doi nguac ^one con rorac (IDWT) cae he so d , . So do khoi cua he thong duge mo ta duoi da}:
Ph,iii tich
1^

fc

II<JII'>1U1

' ^

Khoi piuh:

(1

f->s

i-Tmh 4 So do khoi he xir ii tin Ineii ECG

De kiem tra giai thuat va he thong, chimg toi da sir dung ca so' dCr lieu tin hieu
ECG hUT-BIEI tai dia chi mang http:/'vvww.phvsione-t.org. va ciie tin hieu chune toi
thu nhan duoe. Cac tin hieu nav' dtrge iron \ai cac nhieu phan bo Gausian. khong
uro'ng quan de xu li. so sanh kiem tra.

e)

Mo phong thiet ke tren FPGA

toi su dune cone cu thiet ket IPG.A ia
ron e khuon kho ciia de tai nav. chiine
TM
TM
Xillinx
S\'Stem Generator va MatLab
phien ban R14. 2008. Cong ^u li-ng

13


FPGA da su dung la Xillix'^^ ISE phien ban 8.0. System Generator tao eac khoi ham
mo phong FPGA theo SIMULINK cua MatLab va \ i the viec thiet ke la kha tnuan Igi
va tin cay.
Ciic ma VHDL duge tao ra tu dgng khi su dung S\steni Generator de dich cae tep
SIMULINK (.mdl). con Xillinx ISE to hgp de nap \ao kit X'irtecTI Pro XC2\'P30.
Bang I cho thay cae yeu cau cong chi tiet. Long so cong duge dimg la hoii lOlJUk
cong. Tan so nhip FPGA toi da la lOOMHz. Gia thanh cua kit FPGA nit thap (gia
Virtecdl Pro == 300 USD ). Mot mach dirge thiet ke de loai on duge chi ra trone hinh
4.
O-

Haa -r "JAC

^'

H
L-^ i^uo*

fiOM li r/," I

iTmli 5 \Licii chi liet de loai on dun tren DWT

Ban\i /. Yeu can cono EPGA cho thiet ke much loai on

So Slice cho [,ogic

422

]

So Slice cho Flip-Flop '

50^

!

So LIJTs du'O'c diing

;

225

So BRAMs

1

4

S6 lOBs

36

Trong so' do thiet ke. chiing toi sir dting teVi 3 bo nho dem. trong khi bo nh(V eteni
dau ticn Uru trCr cae mau loi vao de thuc hien bien doi DWT eua khoi ihu' in- I) dCr lieu

//


loi vao thi bg nha dem thii hai chira cac du lieu ciia Idioi thir n duge xu li. Bg nho dem
thir 3 chii'a khoi dir lieu thu n loi ra da duge khoi phue nha bien doi IDW F. kich thtroe
cua bg nha dem thu nhat va thir ba co kich thuac N=1024 chtra so mau tin hicu FCd
ciia mot khoi loi vao. Con bg nha dem thir hai co kich thuac (K8)xN = 921 b (voi do
phan giai7^5) chira ca dir lieu truac va sau klii xu li. Nho cua bo dem thu hai ma phep
xu li thuc hien dong thai, chong lap theo thai gian do do thai gian tre do xtr li duge
giam xuong.
Neu thai gian bien doi DWT cho 1024 mau vai tan so mau 200H/ la khcvang 5.1 giav thi he thone xir li trinli tu eo thai t'ian tre khoane (5.1 ^5,1) i-l ^ 1 1.2 eiav, l)av
la thai gian tre dii Ian cho viee kiem tra tin hieu ECG cho benh nhan trong ihai gian
thi^rc. Neu he xu li chong lap (song song) 4.1 giiiy thoi gian bien doi DW F va IDW I
thi tho'i gian tre giam xuong con khoang - 2.6 giay. Khoang thai gian na}' du de dieh
ehuyen chu ki nhip tin hieu ECG vao bg dem loi vao thir nhat ha} bg dem loi ra thir ba
va cho phep chi thi tren man hinh tin hieu ECG.
FPGA la he thong co kha nang tinh loan so hgc va giai tich thiip. nhirng mgi he
thong IT'GA dua tren khoi xu li tin hieu so (DSP) se cho phep giai cac bai toan xtr li
phue tap. Fie ihong DSP tuan tu sau klioang thoi gian 2.6 giay nhan dCr lieu tai bo dem
thir 2 eua FPGA de xu li, sau 100 miligia} tra lai ket qua va nang cap dCr lieu tai bg

dem thir hai nay va khoi dgng viec khoi phue tin hieu.
6.3. Muc tieu vii Noi dung nghien ciiu ciia De tai
•

iVIuc tieu nghien ci'ni
^ Nghien ciru tai lieu, thu thap. tim hieu bo sung them vc FPGA
^ Fao ra san pham mau cong nghe Xilinx su dicing FPGA
•

Noi dung nghien euu
+ Nghien ciru ngon ngu thiet ke VHDL.
Lam chii ve phan mem thiet ke FPGA.
Xay dung cac mach bien doi song con loai on
6.4. Dja diem, thoi gian vii phuong phap nghien ciiu
•

De tai duge thuc hien tai khoa Dien tir - Vien thong, truang Dai hoc Cone, nehe
, DHQG Ha ngi trong hai nam 2006 • 2007

•

Phu'omg phap nghien ciru :
•

Nghien eiru phan mem thiet ke.' ISL: Foundation 8.0 cua hang Xilinx:

IS


•

Nghien ciru ii'ng dung xu ly thong tin (dien tu . xu ly so ..) dua tren

cong nghe FPGA
Ky thuat sir dung:
o

Su dung cong nghe ASIC (Chung loai linh kien EPGA) de thuc hien chue
nang xu ly. tao giao dien va dieu khien cho he thong. I 'lec diing linh kien
ASIC vao trong thiet ke nay sH co cac uu diem:
T- Bao mat thiet ke cao.
•^ Dam bao tinh ke thii'a.

o

Kit FPGA Virtex 11 Pro XC2VP30 (Xillinx) v a DE2 (Altera)

o

Phan mem : Xillix ' ISE phien ban 8.0. va System Generator cua du an
SIS

6.5. Ket qua nghien ciru (gom cac phan)
San pham khoa hgc
•

San pham cong nghe mem sir dung cong nghe Xilinx

•

01 bao cao dang tren tap chi Khoa bgc va Cong nghe Dai hoc Quoc gia.

- San pham dao tao
•

1 luan an dai hgc cac van de lien quan

Hieu qua kinh te va kha nang ap dung thuc te :
•

Cho eac do dac \ a thu thap cae tin hieu } sinh.

•

Cho eac thiet hi dien tu ehuyen dung

6.6 Thao luan
Ket qua thu duge trong khi thuc hien de tai da hoan thanh dirge ciic ngi dung co'
ban da dat ra khi dang ki de tai. Dac biet da dua ra mot ket qua moi la irng dung thiei
ke mach loai on dua tren song con tren kit FPGA. Day la ket qua Ian dau tien duge
thu'c hien thanh cong tai Vietnam vii tren the giai. Bao cao duge innh bav tren tap chi
Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Dai hgc Quoc gia 2008 va se bao cao tai hoi nghi (^)uoe te vc
Xu h' thone tin vii Sensor trone nam idi.

16


6.7 Ket luan va kien nghj
Tiep tue tim kiem cac giai phap cong nghe irng dung xu li thong tm. xtr li so tin
hieu tren cac chung loai FPGA va ASIC trone truven thone

6.8 Tai lieu tham khao
[1] D. L. Donoho, "De-noising by soft-thresholding." IEEE Tratis. Inform. Thenrv.
vol. 41, pp. 613-627, 1995.
[2] Ju-won Lee, Gun-ki Lee. Design of an Adaptive filter with a D}namic Structure
for ECG Signal processing.

International

/ourfwil of Control. Automation,

and System.

Vol 3. No l . p 137-142. March 2005.
(31 Li Su and Guohang Zhao " De-Noising of ECG Signal Using TranslationInvariant Wavelet De-Noising Method with Improved Thresholding " Proceedings of
the 2005 IEE2E Engineering
in Medicine and Bi()log\- 2^th .-Ininuil ('onfercncc
Shanghai^ China, September 1-4, 2005
[4] G. Song and R. Zhao '''Fhree novel models of threshold estimatiM- i'ov wavclcl
coefficients " 2nd International Conference on IVavelet Anafvsr^ and It.s Api)tieati(m.\
Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 2001. pp. 145-150.
| 5 | C. M. Stem, '' Estimation o[ the mean o{ a multivariate normal distribution '.
Annals of Statistics 9. 1981, 1135-1151
[6| Uwe Meyer Baese, "Digital Signal Processing with FPGA" Springer
VerlugBetdin, ISBN 3-540-41341-3, 2001
[7] Volnei A. Pedroni.

"^ Circuit Design With \41DL " MEE Press Camhridf^e .

Eneland. ISBN 0-262-16224-5. 2004

DAI HOC QUOC G'A ^ A NOI
TRUNG TAM THONG TIN THU ViEN

D

Mo^


Dai bao Uuyc dan'j irony Tup du hluxt hoc vu Cong ni^h
THIET K£ TREN FPGA OE LOAI ON CHO TJN HIEU ECG
NHQ BIEN DOI SONG CON
Design of FPGA Hardware for ECG signal De-noising
by Wavelet Transform
Nguyen Quoc I uiin. rrfin Quiinti l):it
Truviig Dai hoc Cong nghe - Dai iiot UUOL gui ila nm
A/)stract: I he elearocardiogram (ECG) signal may
mix various kinds of noi.ses wiule gatiiering and
recording
Some algontimis
based on ^mvelel
transform has been devecloped for de-noising of
^^•f
, ,
,
^
J
5 /
ECG signals In order to suppress Pseuao-Gibhs

phenomena m O and S wares and design of Field
noising
ECG signal,
in dns(FPGA)
paper, hardware
a new ECG
deProgrammable
Gale Array
for de
noising scheme is propo^sed using discrete wavelei
transjorm (DWT) iias been devecloped based on a
model nf liie active auditory system besides by
optimizing the OH i parameters parallel to modifying
die new tivesold value, one can handle ECG denoising with results comparing to those oj wavelet
tramjorm. h-elunUwy le.sis of DWT applicalion W
ECG de-noising were constructed on the signals Milr,,,, , ,
BiH database

chenh lech giu'a 2 dien cu'c phia lay trai \ a pliia
tav phai CO l-3mV va tan ^6 eua cae ini hicu
^QQ
,^^,^^ ^,-oj^,_, \;^\^o-dng ^iLra 0.02Hz cho toi
i CALI nu-* \ ^
•
•
i - f
I D O H Z . Chat luone cua cac sensor cam nhan tin
hieu ECG tuy thuoc vao bang thong cua no. C\ie
sensor ECG Iren ihi truang gia re co bang thong
^O'' 30Hz. Con cac sensor ECG chuven dung cua

^ac phong cap cirii CO bang thong loi I KFl/. Vo'i
pho tan SO do va tin hieu ECCi rat veu nlur \a> ihi
no rat de bi can nhieu bai cac on khac, do vay
triet on mot each hieu qua la van de quan trong
trong viec phan lach tin hieu ECG.

Tin hieu dien lam lam do (ECG) la mot Irong
cac tin hieu y sinh da diroc nghien cii'u rong rai
va img dung Imng cac phong kham. Mot dang
souii ECG thone t h a a n e thiriTne la sir X6 hop cua
^
t
^
=r
.
.K
soiiii F. ^-one^ QRS va soim I (Fiinh I). S a phan
. ,^ , , , ^ .
.
,
^ .
. ,, :
tach chmh xac cac dang song nav la rat quan
trong khi phan tich tin hieu ECG. Tuy nhien do
tin hieu ECG la rat yeu va khong ro rang, dien ap

- Loat nhieu theo ngaang sau khi thuc
bien doi song con roi rac ([)\V1 )
_ ^^,, ^j^,,^^ ^^^ ,,.^, j , ^ ^ , ^ , ^j^^^ |,,^ ^^, ,,,^^,.
+- u- ,i % . - ^ i s i^' ui ^ ,i

i
^-|Q, ]Q.^^ thuat toan tAlS. KL.S tlieo h a o t u
, - • , ' , , " . , - , . ,
do! kich tluroc biroc thich neiii,

y^^ ^^^-^.^^ ^^,^^ ^Q ^^,,^ „,- ^, (^^,.^,.^, ^,^,^,
t - .• r • j
•
n
•
/^^w•
•
r
plian tach cac danu soni^ P. soim ORS \ a soivj. 1
. ..;
, . . " , "
",
• , - ",
CO dien truoc day thu'O'ng sa dung cac ho loc
^.
..' ^y , . . -,..
- -,.' /r-z-AM • ,1 - k- . •
t a a n e t a bant^ cao, bo loc banu thap va bo loc
lorn tat: im iiieu ciien tam do (TCCi) co t/ie bi trou
^ . , &
• r
. . .
I6n vol lal niueu loai On idii do va tim thap du lieu
^'^^^'^ •• ^^^'^ ^'^^^P '^^' ^"- ^^' '' "'" '^'^''^ ^''^ ''"^"'^
\l{u vai giai ihiidi diai tren iven doi song con c1a c1m/c •"'^''i' *^kroc de \ual btri Bernai-J VV \L\\O\\ \ a

pilot irieu de loai on eac tin hieu ECG Nham de loai
Samuel D. Stearns da daa Ihih vuc \ u \\ lin hieu
bo iuen tuong PseudO'Gibbs vai cae dang song O. S
y sinh sang hu'ang moi. Ban dau \\'idrov\ tap
khi bien dot song con roi rac (DWT) va thiet ke mach
trung vao viec loc cac nhieu 50M/ - 601 i/ tuong
tren day cong idia lap trinh I FPGA) de loai on tin hieu
u'ng vai tan s6 ngu6n dien lirai thanh pho va dat
ECG. trong bat bao nay. mot kieu loai du kiidc dupe
j-a cac tieu chi chinh cho .xa li lin hieu v sinh la:
dua ro dua tren DWT theo mo iunh cua he thong
,^^ ^j^j|^,_ ,^^,^ j ^ , ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^,^^^ ^,.,,^, ^.^ 'j^,^ ^,^^.^,^
ihinh gic'ic Cac tluuu so DW'T duoc thay doi de loi iru
Cac lieu chi nav' la ve^ cung quan trong cho cae
hod gia tri ngirong va ket qua loai on duoc so scinii
giua cac phep bien dot son-e, con Cac dfr iieii iiu hieu bac sT tron^ chuan doan lam san^i va cho cac he
"EGG suduugde kiem tra ung dung DWT loai 6n duo.
^^^^^'^^ ^r dong chuan doan benh .au nay. Nhung
lai lu CO .s" ilulieu \iiT-Blil
'^^'"'"' ^'^^1 day. cung voi sa phat tnen cua khoa hoe
va cong nghe, cac \C\ thuat \ a li tin hicu \ iinii
I. GIO'I THIEU
(dien tam do. dien nao do .,) da ap dung cae ki
thuat hien dai nha:
hien
; ;.^^,._
,i '
ihia*-

' >Jh^n dang tm lucu mu de tach tin hicu

FECG ..


1

— i mm —

1

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1

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c^-«'-;•

[75 .Tri-Jf^c;

nam 1999 |2| va dagc ap dung cho loai on cae uii
hieu ECG 13. SI
Tin hieu ECG chaa on ngau niaen khe^ng
taong quan vd'i do dai hfru han ^o the ^!uoe bic.;
dien
s{i)

P-S 1

p

S- ^
1—1~

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i

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trong do xft) la lin hieu ECG nguven goc khong
CO nhieu. nft) la on trang Gassian co trung binh
zero va plurong sai a^.

(
\

=

S-T

1 ''

J
V

1

j - r inlBful

1 1

'

i-iinli I Cac lliain so cinnii cua tin hieu dien in

KI thuat loai nhieu thong qua ngaong sau khi
thuc hien DWT nga\ na\ da va dang phat trien
manli vi kl thuat na\ co iru diem la do phac tap
vira phai chap nhan duoc. kha nang triel on cao.
Tu> nhien \iec lua chon giai thuat cho viec loai
nhieu tin hieu ECG va chon cong nghe irng dung
cho he thong phan cii'ng sir dung song con do rat
da dang. Flon nua phuong phap loai bo on thong
qua ngirong sau khi thuc hien bien doi song con
kinh dien ga\ i-a hien tirgng Pseudo-Gibbs tai
dang song Q va S cua tin hieu ECG do DWT.
Nham de giam hien tao'ng Pseudo-Gibbs tai dang
song (,) \a S. thi vice lua chon giai thuat ngaang
thich nghi theo tirng bang con dagc dat ra trong
bai bao nay. Cac ket qua thuc nghiem da chi ra
rang, phirong phap \6'i giai thuat trong bai bao
nay tot han phaong phap kinh dicn tren dav ma
van giu" duoc cac dac tinh hinh hgc cua tin hieu
ECG va t> so tin hieu tren on (SNR) dirge ap
dung tren cac he thong diia tren FPGA ket hgp
DSP.

Cac he so song con tai cac dp phan giai khac
nhau CO the nhan dux^c bang each lay DWT cua
tin hieu ECG c6 on. Tin hieu ECG diri^c bien doi
sonu con roi rac {'DWT) tro thanh:
sit)

Yd

(n 1 y Yd

(/)

i

)

vai d^ ^^ ia cac he so ^ong con tai do phan giai /.
0^ „ va (//,,, la cac ham phan giai \a ham song
con tai do phan giai /.
Phiro'ng phap ngirfyng loai on sau kin bien
doi song con roi rac (DW'l^) la plian chia cac he
so song con vai mot ngaang dirge chgn on dinh.
Thong thubng, cac he so song con na> eb bien Co
nho hon ngirang on duge dat lai bang zero va cac
he so song con khac co he so Ion ho'n nguon^i on
se duge giCr nguven (ggi la ngirong cung) hoac Li
CO lai chiit it (ngirong mem). Tin hieu FX'G ioai
bo on CO the dagc khoi phue tir cac he so s('>ng
con nho bien doi IDW'T nha chi ra uom: hinh. 2.
Ph.tn ti.;li

M.JII.MI.J

y\\"\

i-i.M.

H'lnii 2 Ix)a! bo on dira ircn /ven doi u'ur^ coi

II. LOG NHIEL SL DUNG DWT
Bien doi song con da dagc irng dung rat rong
rai trong viec xir li lin hieu va hinh anh. Hien na\
CO hai phiro'ng phap chinh loai on nha phep bien
66] song con cho cac tin hieu ECG: a) phirang
phap toi da modul bien dbi song con. Tai phiriTng
phap iia>, CO the loai bo on \a liru lai thong tin
cua tm hicu goc tai cung thai dieiTi, nhirng so
lugng lin toan Ion va khong on dinli 111. b)
phirong phap song con ngirang loai on sau khi
bien doi sons con dirac de xuat bai Donoho vao

Phiro'ng phap loai on cac tin hieu FCCJ tlira
tren bien de^i seing con don gian '.a de ^king su
dung. The nhang phao'ng phap na\ sir dunLi
ngirang cirng co the dan den sir giao dgiig eua
cac tin hieu khi khoi phue. con ngirang n"iem co
the lam MIV giam tin hieu FT'CJ ( LKW biei su\
giam bien do song R). Heyn nira nguai ta tin rang,
phirong thuc song con Igai bo on kinh dien dira
tren DW 1 ceS the dan toi hien lugng PSCULIOGibbs tai cac song Q va R khi khoi pin.ic tin hicu
ECG |4|.


Phuang phap n g a a n g cung loai on d a g c su
dung \5\ sao cho

M ,n ~ ^ ,
•I

^d .

kiii\d

I 0

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(3)

trong

mot

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khi \j

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kin (I

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(^)

•' - f.

khi'\^ d^\ < £

V6"i t-= -^'•'2a'log A . A' la so man tin hieu
ECG

l^hl t/ , „ > C

khoi

bien

doi

DWT,

a~ la

Viec lira chgn ngirong ^: thieii nghi du:i i ."^)
phai CO gia tri cao ho'n gia tri .v - cr ^,'2 log A

phuong sai doi vdi on trang phan bo Gauss. De
dan gian [6| xac dinh a = {medial^d^

^\))/0.6145.

sao cho s(t)

phai gan vai

sai lech giira s(t)
Phiro'ng phap ngirong mem loai bo on
dagc sa dung | S | :

voi s[t).

A'(/).

lien quan voi do

cong suat on ^ua lin

hieu. Do sai lech nay phai co loi binh phiro'ng
trunu binh nho. diroc xac dinh :

£,)

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khi\ d

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(4)

\ <£

R{s.'s)=T±E{s.

lim d. ^ dirge coi la cac he

so song con khi bien doi D W T cua tin hieu xO)
ECG goc khong co nhieu. Con
dagc dat truac

tai

l\

do

phan

t' la ngaong

giai / sao

(6}

.-I

Do phep bien doi song con la trirc giao do do
bieu thuc (6) co the duge bieu dien dueVi dang cae
he so song con theo phien ban song con:

cho

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Y.Y[d

tha> rang. tu\ theo gia tri cua /J duoc lua chgn
ma piurong phap ngaong mem co the dagc coi
nhu la phuo'ng phap nguong cirng. De

Chung ta sir dung nguven Iv Stein 1"! trong bai

d^ ^^ ^ d, „ thi do leVn cua d ^, cang Ian dong vai

tri toi thieii cua bieu thirc (8)

iro qu\et dinh va nhu va> no phan nao cung phu
thugc vao viec lira chgn loai song con duge sir
dung cho ham song con (// .,.

T'rong do

bao nay de tinh gia tri ngirang t:, thoa man gia

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h
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khoi phue tir ^/,^, va

ngugc song con reVi rac
s{t)—>x[t).

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nX/1//

< t'

chinh la so eac he so

con bi loai bo. ITmh 2 cho ta cau true bg Ige on
thich nehi theo taim banii eon dua tren [)\\ I

Do on va cac anh huong khac ma cac he so
song con (:/,„bi anh h a a n g khac nhau tuy theo
loai song con va tai do phan giaiy cua no. Trong
bai hao nav. chung ta do\ bieu ihire (4i ngu'ong
mem ihanh bieu thirc ngirong mem thich nghi cac
banu con;

J-u.-l. i-.zht -

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/idi txio dtwc dang irung Tup ctii Klioa Itoc va Cong n'^'fie , f)HOG Uu noi

I*^hi clo :
d

= Yg(i-2n)d

vao thir nhat ha> bg dem ibi ra tha ba va eho
phep chi thi tren man hinh tin hieu ECG.

ii)
(10)

^ -I"

-

'Y^h(i -2n)d

(/)

III. KIEN TRUC THIET KE FPGA
Cac lep chira 1000 mau tin hieu dien tam d6
(ECG) thu nhan tu benh nhan duge \ky ta tap ca
so da lieu co dja chi mang Internet
http: 'vvvvvv.phvsionet.ore. Cac tin hieu ECG yeu
cAii pht\n cang:
• Tan s6 lay mau tin hieu : 200Hz
.
Kich thuoc bo dem l6i thieu : N= 1024
• Do loc lapsong con: I = 8

3.2. Co che tinh toi'in nguo'ng thich ri^hi
Bieu ihu'c (8) khi khai trien chicm rat
nhieu dung lug-ng cong (gate) va thai gian xa li
kha Idn do he thong lien tue phai tinh (8i \i\ xir li
trong thai gian thuc, FPG.A la he thong co kha
"^"g ^it^h loan so hgc va giai tich thap. nhirng
'"^igt he thong FPGA dira tren khoi \u \\ tin hieu
so (DSP) se cho phep giai cac bai toan \u !i phue
^s^P- Be thong DSP tuan tu ban khoang thoi gian
2.6 giay nhan dir lieu tai bg dem tha 2 eua 1 PGA
^^ ^u' ''^ ^au 100 miligiay tra lai ket qua va nang
cap du lieu tai bg dem thu hai nay va khoi dgni

viec khoi phue lin hieu.

3.1. Bo nho dem
De thuc hien duge xu li vao ra thai gian thyc
thi phan cimg phai xa li lien tue cac chuoi mau
vao va la. I uy nhien, day mau da lieu tin hieu
ECG lien tue phai duoc phan tach thanh tii'ne
,,.-..
- C
',-,.*khoi. duoc lu'ii Lziu' tron^: bo nho' dem.
" •
•
Chung ta sa dung tai 3 bg nha dem. trong
khi bg nha dem dau tien laa tru' cac mau loi vao
de thirc hien bien doi DWT cua khoi thir {n^})
diT lieu loi vao thi bg nha dem Ihi'r hai chua cac
du lieu cua khoi ihi'r n dagc xi'r If. Bg nha dem
tha 3 clnVa khoi da lieu thu n loi ra da dirge khoi
phue nho bien dbi 1DW''1 . Kich thuoc cua bo nha
dem tha nhat va ihi'r ba co kich Ihaac N=1024
chua so mau lin hieu ECG cua mot khbi 15i vao.
Con bg nhd dem tha hai c6 kich thiroc ( K8)xN =
9216 (veil do phan giaiy^^cV) chira ca du' lieu truac
va sau khi xir li. Nha cua bg dem thir hai ma phep
xu ii Ihu'c hien ddng thai, chdng Idp theo thai
gian do do thai gian tre do xa li dirge giam

Gia tri cua cac bien trong (8) thong thirdng sir
dung d^u ph^y dgng vi cac phep bi^n doi DWT
^,^ ^^ y, y,,^ i^j-.,, ^l, ^\^,., t.^n sono con eo do chinh

^^^ ^-^ ^.^^, j - ^,^,^^ ,^.^^, ^i,^,^ ^,.^;;, ^,.^^ ^^.,^ ,^^ ^^
.
• .-• , ,
-i i - ^ isong con co loi 14 con so sau dau phav). 1 uv
,.
,
• • • ,
, •,, '
nhien phep loai on dua tren song con lai khong
can doi hoi do chinh \ae nhir vav. va lai gia iii
cac bien he thong FPGA khi sa dung dau phav
tinh se do'n gian hon nhitiu trong bai bao nav
IV A^IO PHONG THIET KE

FI*(;A

^''^ong bai bao nav, chung toi sa dung cong
cu thiet ket FPGA la Xillinx'" Svstem Cjeneraior
va MatLab ^' phien ban RI4. 2008, COIIL! CU lone
hgp FPG.A da sa dung la Xiiltx''^' ISL phicn bar.
8.0. System Generator tao cac khoi ham mb
phone FPGA theo SIMULINK cua MatLab va vi
the viec thiet ke la kha thiian loi va tm eav.

\ii6ng,

VI du neu thai gian bien deSi DWT eho 1024
mau VOI tan so mau 2001 Iz la khoang -- 5,1 giav
thi he thong xa li trinh tir co thai gian tre khoang
(5.1+5.1)^1^ 1 1.2 gia>'. Day la thai gian tre du

Ion cho viec kiem tra tin hieu ECG cho benh
nhantrongthoi gian thirc. Nea he.xuli chong lap
(song sonii) 4.1 Liiav thai gian bien dbi DWT va
^ *
^'
^ ' .
^
IDWl thi thai man tre mam xuon" con khoans 2.6 giav, Khoang thoi gian nay du de dich
chuven chu ki nhip tin liieu ECG vao bg dem Ibi

Cac ma VHDL dagc tao ra ta dbiig khi MI
dung Sv^icin Generator
de dich cau Lep
SIMLLINK (.null), con Xlllin,\ ISE to hop de
nap \ao kit Virtec-li Pro XC2VP3[', IkiiiL: 1 cho
^hav cac veu e:\u con^i ehi liel. lonu M^ .J-r.::
^^,.^.^ ^j^„^^, ,.^ |^^,,,^ i,;,,,,,^ ^.-^,^, , ,-;^ ^^, ,^|^A^^
cnr- \ D- i i • i n/l^ u j /-•••.! i
i •.
FPGA tO! da la lOO.MFIz, Gia thanli eua kit
FPGA rat thap (gia Virlce-11 PIT, y^i^ I si) i
Mot mach dagc tliict kc de loai on dirge ehi la
lron2 hinh 4,


Bang 1: Yeu cau cong FPGA cho thiet ke mach loai 6n
1 So Slice cho Logic

422

' So Slice cho Flip-Flop

507

' So LLJTs du'P'C dung

225

; So BRAMs
So lOBs

trung xung quanh \Ling tan so thap ta 2Hz to
40Hz .
Tin liien ECG co nhieu 112.fl>it
lOOJ

•^V^^*vJM.V^Hf^^W>>"^'-ft^,^//'.^^H^
Cl

ICO

200

300

400

iOO

-CO

7u0

;C'0

'K'O

I COO

0

100

200

300

400

500

DOO

700

tfOO

'H'll'

1000

-too

^OO

I^DO

70I"J

JOC

luCO

4
36

0

.,.-_-./,.-.._..,.,..

0

100

;00

300

K'b

50

'i.

0 [^,%t--*... -.iljr,'iV-.v.-,.K

r.jV-.,.;,|.,'.V-'i/Arj'.'-,''..V.-'.- >-' .^V-i^

•50
C

too

:00

300

-WD

too

t.OO

700

>;[iO

'}00

UiOfi

20

^-)w*^-^'0

lOQ

iOO

:oo

400

500

600

roo

fi'O

-KIO

am

600

700

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IUL'O

,^i^ytimw\im^iii\^^\M
0

100

200

30D

400

500

Hinii 5(a) Tin hieu TCCi co on vd cc'ic lie K6 ham snny t on

f/i///? -/ Mach ciii net de loai on dun iren DW'T

ITien co nhieu loai s6ng con dagc biel den nha
Haar. Me\er, Daubechies .. Khong co mot each
nao tot nhat de lua chgn song con nay cho irng
dung kia. Chung toi thav' rang, lira chgn mot ham
song con phii hap vdi dang tin hieu duoc \u li la
rat quan trgng.
Chung toi da tai ve 30 tep du" lieu tin hieu

ECG khac nhau tir dia chi mang internet
http:. vvvvvv.phvsioiiet.or^ de tinh toan va thu
nghiem giai thuat. Khi thuc hien tinh loan mo
phong. chung toi da sir dung cac ham song con
khac nhau nhir: song con Daubechies (bac tir 2
eho to'i 20), song con Meyer (bac tir 1.3 cho toi
3.9) va kiem tra boat dgng caa mach. Chung loi
nhan tliay rang: cimg loai song con duge chgn.
vai ham song con co bac cao hon thi hieu qua
loai on so tot ho'n, nhirng do phirc tap se tang Ien
dang ke. Cac song con Daubechies c6 dang gan
giong nhat vai dang song QRS cua tin hieu ECG.
Pho nang lirgng cua song con Daubechies tap

Hinh 5(a) bieu dien tin hieu KCG elu'ra on \a
cac he so song con Daubechies (d4) tai cac do
phan giai taong irng va hinh 5(b) cho ket qua
dang tin hieu ECG da dagc loai on tren co so eac
he so song con da dagc nang cap.
T i l t h i e n E^, ••:< if l i I M J I I - ii«i i i - a i .-n

0

IOC

200

JOU

'•',!!/

0

100

•KiO

500

600

700

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OuO

7uu

-^iv

^Vir
200

300

400

1
IIULI

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100

0

li.i'Lr

i
JUIJ

^—J^

i
1

'luO

200

1

100

300

1
'

(

200

300

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1

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500

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(

600

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1

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1
1 1
700

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[

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c

100
1000

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('uL he so ham ^tn}-^ -.o-n du dimi
lin hieu ECC da luui

on

500

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nong > n/: va


On Gaussian vdi cac do lech chuan khac nhau da
dagc cgng them vao tin hieu ECG goc de kiem
Ira hieu nang SNR loai on va d a g c xac dinh:

SXR(dB)

= 20 log

Origin Ecg
Origin Ecg - Noise Ecg

(11)

Ro rang rang, tir hinh 5(a) so vdi hinh 5(b),
hieu nang nguong mem thich nghi theo tirng
bang con cua mo hinh dua ra trong bai bao nay la
rat tot. Bang 2 cho ket qua loai on tin hieu ECG
tep 112.dat theo cac bac khac nhau cua song con
Daubechies
Bang 2 K4t qua loai 6n :
Bac 4

Bac 8

SRN,n(dB)

SRNou,(dB)

SRN,n(dB)

SRNoui(dB)

10 0

16.2

10,0

16,6

12,0

18.5

12.0

18,7

14 0

20 6

14,0

20,8

16,0

22 1

16,0

22.7

18,0

24,0

18.0

24.3

20 0

25.4

20,0

25.5

V. KET LUAN
Trong bai bao nay, chiing toi gidi thieu mot
thiet ke FPGA de thuc hien loai on daa tren
DW'T' theo giai thuat ngudng on thich nghi tirng
bang con. gia thanh ha. Tin hieu loai nhieu thu
dagc dam bao dang cua tin hieu ECG goc, theo
thai gian thirc. Thiet ke FPGA ket hgp ciing giai
phap DSP cho phep x a K bai toan phirc tap hon.
cho ket qua co do tin cay cao, lam viec trong thai
gian thuc.
Loai on daa tren D W T vdi giai phap xu li
tin hieu mien tan so se la mo hinh co he so song
con phi tuyen dgng tii'ng bang con se cho hieu
nane SNR cao ho'n.

TAI LI E l THAiM K H A O
111 Ju-won Lee, Gun-ki Lee, dJesign of an
Adaptive flier with a Dynaiuu- SirutiurL fcr ECG
Signal
processing'.
International ioiirna! of
Control, Automation, and Svstem. Vol 3. No 1. p
137-142, March 2005.
| 2 | D. L. Donoho. "De-noising bv ^otithresholding." IEEE Trans inform Theory vol.
4 1 , pp. 613-627, 1995.
| 3 | P. M. Agante and .1. P. Marques de Sa', ""LCG
noise tillering using
wavelets
with
softthresholding
methods."
Coniputers
in
Cardiolog}: vol. 26. pp. 523-538. 1999.
| 4 | R. R. CoiFman and D. L. Donoho.
"Translation-in variant de-noi sing." In
Wavclas
and Statistics,
Springer
Led tire .\-ote\
///
Statistics 103. New \'ork: Springct-Vcrlag. i^^94.
pp. 125-150.
|5] Li Su and Guoliang Zhao " De-Noising oC

ECG
Signal
tJsing Translationlnvai-ianl
Wavelet De-Noising Method W'ith Improved
Thresholding" Proceedings
of the 2005 iEEF
Engineering
in Medicine
and Biulu'e,]' 2 ih
Annual Conference Shanghai, China, September
1-4,2005
| 6 | G. Song and R. Zhao "Three novel models of
threshold estiiaator lor wavelet coetnciciUs " 2//(/
International
Conference
on Wavelet
Anah'sis
and Its Applications
Berlin: Springer-Verlag,
2001- pp. 145-150.
| 7 | C. M. Stein. *' Estimation o\~ the mean nf a
maltivariate normal distribution "'. Annals nf
Statistics 9. 1981. 1 r>5-1 151
|8|
Omid
Sayadi
^
Mohammad
HuLiher
Shamsollahi.

'MuliiAiLipiivc
Bmnic
ICjvc.'c.'
Transform. Application
to ECG Denoismg and
Baseline
Wandering
Reduction \
EC RASH*
Journal on Advances in Signal Processing,
Volume 2007, pi 1,2007


D.Vl HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI
TRUONG DAI HOC CONG NGHE

Tran van Khoa

NGHIEN ClfV LTNG DUNG FPGA XU LY TIN
HIEU TRUYEN THONG

KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP D.4I HOC HE CHINH QUY

N"anh: Dien tii - Vien thono

HA NOI - 2008


LOI CAM O J
Irirac het em xin gu'i toi tha\' giao Nguyen Quoc Tuan - nguyen Chu nhieni Bg

mon Hie thong Vien thong , lo'i cam on chan thanh \ a sau sac da tare tiep huong dan .
chi bao tan tinh tTong suot qua trinh em lam luan van.
t m cung xin chan thanh cam cm cac thay co giao trong Ti-ir6"ng Dai hgc Cong
Nghe - Dai hoc Quoc Gia Ha Noi da het long day bao. giup do em tfong nhCrng nam
hoc Dai Hoc, giup em co nhu'ng kien thuc va kinh nghiem ciuy bau trong chu> en mon
va cugc song. N'hi?rng hanh trang do la n"igt tai san \ 6 gia nang bwoc cho cm loi dirge
VOI nhirng thanh con^ iront^ tuo'nc lai.
Cuoi Cluing, em xin cam an nliCmg nguai than trong gia dinli \a ban be da giup do,
dong vien em hoan thanh kian \an nay.
Ha ngi, thang 05 nam 2008
Sinh \ien