Nghiên cứu quy hoạch môi trường cấp huyện, ứng dụng cho các huyện đặc trưng (thường xuân, thọ xuân, hậu lộc) của tỉnh thanh hóa báo cáo quy hoạch môi trường huyện hậu lộc đến 2020 đề tài NCKH

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NQI
TRUONG

DAI HOC KHOA HOC Tl/NHIEN

A*

DE TAi TRONG DIEM CAP DAI HOC QUOC GIA

NGHIEN ClJrU QUY HOACH MOI T R U O N G CAP HUYEN, UlNG DUNG
CKO CAC KUYEN DAC TRUNG (TKOfiTNG XUAN. THO XUAN, HAU LOG)
CUA T I N H THANH HOA

BnO CnO CHUV€N D€
BAG CAO QUY HOACH MOI TRlTdNG
HUYEN HAU LOC DEN 2020
PGS.TS. Lini Dure Hai; CN. Liru Dure Dung
Truang Dai hoc Ktioa hoc Tu nhien

DAI H O C Qi.i
TRiJNG TAr/ "H:

or/
V

'Si'-^ •-,'- iJO
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HA NOI, 2007

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L PHAN TiCH, DANH GIA HIEN TRANG TAI
VA M 6 I TRirCJNG HUY$N HAU LOC

NGUY£N, KINH

Tfi - XA HOI

Hau Lpc la mot huyen ven bi^n ciia tinh Thanh Hoa, cd nhidu tiem nang, the
manh de phat trien kinh te xa hoi. Tinh da xay dung qui hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi
giai doan 1996-2010, chien luoc phat trien do thi Thanh Hoa 2000-2010; Huyen Hau
Loc da t6ng hgfp cac chi tieu kinh te xa hoi chii yeu thdi ky 2001-2005 du bao giai
doan 2006-2010... D^ phat tri^n b^n vung huyen HSu Lpc can c6 su quy hoach mdi
trudng can cu vao hien trang tai nguyen, kinh te xa hoi va moi trudng, xu the phat tridn
kinh te xa hoi trong tuang lai.
Hau Lpc la mot huyen dong bang ven bien tinh Thanh Hoa, each thanh phd
Thanh Hoa khoang 25 km v6 phia Dong Bac.
Hau Lpc cd ranh gidi voi cac huyen nhu sau:
Phia Bac giap vdi huyen Ha Trung va Nga Scfn.
Phia Nam giap vdi huyen Hoang Hoa.
Phia Dong giap vdi bien Dong.
Toan huyen cd 27 dcm vi hanh chfnh (26 xa va mot thi tra'n huyen ly), dien tich
tu nhien loan huyen la 14.149,68 ha vdi tdng dan so la 177.728 ngudi (chiem 1,27%
dien tich tu nhien va 5,04% dan so toan tinh) mat dp dan so la 1256 ngudi/km".
Hau Lpc dupe bao bpc bdi cac song: Phia Bac la song Len, phia Nam la song
Cau Sai va song Lach Trudng, phia Dong giap Bien Dong thuan Ipi cho giao thong

dudng thuy va phat trien kinh te tdng hop. Ducmg bo cd Qudc Id lA di qua cac xa
Dong Lpc, Dai Lpc va Trieu Lpc theo hudng Bac Nam. Day la tuyen giao thong quan
trpng tao the manh cua khu vuc phia tay huyen Hau Lpc trd thanh khu do thj cdng
nghiep. Qudc 16 10 chay xuyen sudt toan huyen qua cac xa Lien Lpc, Hoa Lpc, Thinh
Lpc, Thi Tran, My Lpc, Van Lpc, Thuan Lpc. Day cung la tuyen giao thong quan trpng
tao dieu kien phat trien kinh te toan dien ben virng.
Theo so lieu dieu tra ve tai nguyen khoang san ciia Sd Cdng nghiep Thanh Hoa,
Hau Lpc cd cac tai nguyen khoang san sau:
- Md than bun d Trieu Lpc
- Khai thac da, vat lieu xay dung d Quang Lpc, Tien Lpc, Trieu Lpc
- Khai thac cat xay dung d Song Len va da't set d Chau Lpc.
Nhln chung tai nguyen khoang san d Hau Lpc ngheo nan, tuy cd mot sd khoang
san nhung trii luang nhd.
Hau Lpc cd chi^u dai bd bien khoang 12 km cd 2 cua lach do la cua Lach Sung
va ciia Lach Trudng. Qua nhieu nam lupng phu sa bdi dap tuong ddi Idn tao thanh
nhfrng bai bdi rpng hang tram ha. Nhung bai bdi nay giau thuc an thuan lai cho viec
nudi trong thuy san va cay chdn sdng. Ngudn lai ciia bien Hau Lpc chiem ty Ic Idn
irons nsudn lai bien ciia Thanh Hoa. Dae biet cd bai tdm n>:oai khai ciia Hon Ne la


mot trong hai bai torn Idn cua tinh. Cac nguon hai san khac nhu Ca noi (cac loai ca cd
gia tri cao nhu: Thu, Miic, Ngir...), Ca day (ca phen, ca hong, ca du...), muc bien.
Viing bi^n Hau L6c c6 ndng dp mudi trong nude bi^n kha cao, ket hop vdi khi
hau nang to, gio manh tao dieu kien cho phat trie'n nghe mudi.
Bd biin Hau Lpc cd khoang 1000 ha viing bien cd kha nang quai de Ian bien de
nuoi trong thuy san nhu ngao, so va tdm cua.
Bdr bien Hau Lpc cd th^ xay dung dupe cang ca d Hau Lpc.
Huyen Hau Lpc cd sdng Do Len la mot nhanh ciia sdng Ma chay tiif hudng Tay
sang hudng Dong va cung la gianh gidi phia Bac cua huyen. Gianh gidi phia Nam la
sdng Trudng Giang, phia Dong la bien Dong. Sdng Kenh De chiu anh hudng ciia thuy

trieu nen bi nhi6m man. Nguon nude cung cap cho sinh hoat va tudi cho ndng nghiep
chu yeu la sdng Tra Giang, day cung ddng thdi la nai nhan nude thai nen chiu tac dpng
true tiep ciia hoat dpng dan sinh, san xua't cdng nghiep, ndng nghiep tren dia ban
huyen. Nghien cuu chat luong nude ciia huyen cd lh6 tha'y nude sdng va kenh tren dja
ban huyen cd chat lupng tuong ddi tot, chuavuot qua tieu chuan cho phep. Nhin chung
Hau Lpc cd luong nude kha phong phii, chua bi 6 nhiSm. Nguon nude dii de cung cap
cho san xua't va sinh hoat ciia nhan dan
Hau Lpc cd vi tri dia ly ven bien nen cd chat luong khdng khi tot, do cd gid tu
bien thoi vao. Mdi trudng khdng khi it bj cac tac dpng gay 6 nhi6m. Cac hoat dpng ciia
con ngudi anh hudng chat lupng khdng khi d day la:
-

Khai thac da, cat.... gay ra bui

-

Cac hoat dpng san xua't va budn ban vat lieu xay dung

-

Cdng nghiep va xay dung co ban: gay ra tieng on, bui va miii (sijra chua tau
thuyen, gia cdng sat thep...

-

Ve sinh mdi trudng ndng thdn, dac biet la trong va sau bao lut (nude thai ,
chat thai ran tu sinh hoat va chan nudi, xac dpng vat che't....)

Dat chii yeu la dat cat ven bien va phu sa giay, vdi dia hinh bang phing, thuan
Ipi cho phat trien ndng nghiep. Dat cd thanh phan co gidi tu cat den thit trung binh.

Ham lupng chat dinh duong tir ngheo den kha, d nhung dat cat va dat man pH trung
tinh va kiem, con cac loai dat phu sa giay cd pH chua. Nhung da't nam tren dia hinh ddi
niii ngheo chat dinh dudng, tang dat mdng, lan da va do vay khd canh tac ndng nghiep,
cd the trong cac loai cay lam nghiep.
- Dat phii >a Giay chua (FLg-d). Dien tich 4.524,11 ha, la loai dat nam d dia hinh
van tha'p va trung nen cd thanh phan co gidi nang hon FLd-U neu tren. Dat thudng
xuyen giu am, ket cau kem, loai da't cd ham lupng cha't huu co, miin, dam kha trong khi
dd ham lupng lan va kali d muc ngheo. Dat cd phan ung chua vdi gia tri pH^Q la 4,5.
Dat hien dang dupe trong 2 vu liia, nang suat kha cao nhidu noi dat tren 6 tan/ha/vu,
neu chu dpng thuy loi riit nude phctj rupng cd the tang dupe 1 vu ddng trong mau.


- Da't man it - trung binh thanh ph^n co gidi nhe (FLSm-a). Dien tich: 18.866,08
ha.
Dupe hinh thanh trSn n6n phu sa bi^n do qua trinh d^u tu cai tao nen dat giam
dd man, thanh ph^n co gidi l\x cat den thit trung binh, cd noi thit nang. Ham lupng
miin, dam, lan, kali hoi ngheo. Da't dang dupe trong 1 den 2 vu liia, d vung cao hon cd
th^ trdng 1 lua - 1 mau va 2 Iiia - 1 mau, nang sua't cay trong kha, nang suat liia nhieu
noi dat tir 4 - 5 ta'n/ha/vu. Neu dii nude rua man da't nay van con kha nang tang vu d dia
hinh van, van cao.
Nhin chung, tai nguyen da't ciia Hau Lpc chua cd bieu hien ciia d nhilm dat, chii
yeu la cd cac yeu to han che nhu man, giay... cho nen can cd cac bien phap su dung
hop ly, ket hop vdi cac bien thuy Ipi phdng tranh thien tai nhu bao, lut va mat khac chii
y den cai tao da't cd yeu to han che.

11. DU BAO XU THE PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI,
NGUYEN VA MOI TRUING HUY$N HAU LOC

DI£N

BIEN TAI

Cac chi tieu ve kinh te trong giai doan 2005 - 2010 va 2010 - 2020 dupe du bac
dua tren cac chi tieu kinh te da dat dupe thdi ky 2001 - 2005 va cac du an phat trien
kinh te tren dia ban huyen gom cd nha may giay Chau Lpc, khu cdng nghiep nam Dd
Len, cac lang nghe Minh Lpc va Tien Lpc, khu dd thj Ba Trieu, khu nudi trong thuy
siin, chuong trinh phat trien ndng nghiep...
Gia tri t6ng san pham trong huyen GDP den nam 2010 (theo gia CD 94) la 1.372
ty dong vdi td'c dp tang trudng kinh te binh quan la 12.2%. So vdi giai doan 2001 2005, CO cau kinh te cd sir thay d6i nhu sau: Ndng lam nghiep 26,3% (giam 10%), thuy
san 17% (giam 2,4%), cdng nghiep xay dung 27,4% (tang 13,4%), cac nganh dich vu
29,3% (giam 1%). Thu nhap binh quan tren dSu ngudi tang tir 298 USD nam 2005 len
573 USD nam 2010.
Gia tri tong san pham trong huyen GDP den nam 2020 (theo gia CD 94) la 5.081
ty dong vdi td'c dp tang trudng kinh te binh quan la 14.1%. So vdi giai doan 2005 2010, CO cau kinh te thdi ki 2010 - 2020 cd sir thay doi nhu sau: Ndng lam nghiep
18,3% (giam 8%), thuy san 19,5% (tang 2,5%), cdng nghiep 30,8% (tang 3,4%), dich
vu 31,4% (tang 2,1%). Thu nhap binh quan tren dau ngudi tang tir 573 USD nam 2010
len 2010 USD nam 2020.
Theo du bao, ti trpng ciia nganh ndng lam ngu nghiep trong co cau kinh te cd xu
huang giam dan (tir 26,3% xudng 18.3%) do su phat triSn ciia nganh cdng nghiep xay
dung va dich vu. Tuy nhien ndng nghiep van la nganh kinh te ddng gdp rat Idn vao
tong gia tri kinh te ciia toan huyen.
Vdi viec di vao hoat ddng san xua't kinh doanh ciia cac khu cdng nghiep va dd
thi mdi tren dia ban huyen (nha may bdt giay, khu dd thi Ba Trieu...). gia tri kinh te ciia
nganh cdng nghiep - dich vu ngay mot tang cao trong dd cac nganh san xua't vat lieu
xay dung, van tai, xua't khau hang ndng san va thii cdng my nghe, dich vu san xuat


ndng ngu nghiep (kinh doanh vat tu, ch6' bid'n va phan phdi ndng san) va du lich phat
tri^n vdi tdc dp nhanh do khai thac dupe cac dieu kien thuan Ipi cua huyen.
Vdi viec di vao hoat dpng san xua't kinh doanh ciia cac khu cdng nghiep va dd

thi mdi trSn dia ban huyen (nha may bpt giay, khu dd thi Ba Trieu...), gia tri kinh te ciia
nganh cdng nghiep - dich vu ngay mot tang cao trong do cac nganh san xua't vat lieu
xay dung, van tai, xuat kh^u hang ndng san va thii cdng my nghe, dich vu san xuat
ndng ngu nghiep (kinh doanh vat tu, che bien va phan phdi ndng san) va du lich phat
trien vdi tdc dp nhanh do khai thac dupe cac dieu kien thuan Ipi ciia huyen.
Du bao chat lupng mdi trudng cua huyen se cd nhimg bien doi do xay dung van
hanh cac khu, cum cdng nghiep, khu dd thi, nudi trong va che bien hai san... Cac mdi
trudng thanh phan bi tac dpng theo thu tu chii yeu la mdi trudng nude, mdi trudng
khdng khi va mdi trudng da't do nude thai cdng nghiep, dd thi va chat thai ran.
2.1. Tac dpng moi trudng cua boat dpng cong nghiep va tieu thu cong nghiep
Hoat dpng cdng nghiep tren dia ban huyen Hau Lpc nhin chung chua phat trien,
chua cd mot co sd cdng nghiep do Trung uong quan ly, chi cd 2 co sd san xuat vat lieu
xay dung (gach) do dia phuong quan ly dat tai xa Xuan Lpc. Tuy nhien, trong dia ban
cd tren 3.000 co sd tieu thii cdng nghiep, bao gdm: cac co sd che bien thuy hai san dat
d cac xa Ngu Lpc, Minh Lpc; nghe ren tai xa Tien Lpc: ddng va sua chixa tau thuyen d
dpc Kenh De va sdng Lach Trudng. Do dd, d nhidm mdi trudng va lupng chat thai phat
sinh chi mang tinh cue bd, cd tac dpng lien ket vdi d nhilm va lupng chat thai ciia cac
khu dan cu tap trung. Chat 6 nhiSm chu yeu phat sinh la nude thai va khi thai (miii,
SO2,..). Udc tinh mdi co sd hang ngay tao ra 0,5 m"* nude thai, thi tong upng nude thai
cdng nghiep va tieu thii cdng nghiep phat sinh tren dia ban khoang 1.500 - 1.600
mVngay.dem.
Co sd cdng nghiep cd quy md Idn dang dupe quy hoach xay dung tai Hau Lpc la
Nha may giay Chau Lpc, cdng sua't giai doan 1 du kien dat 50.000 tan bpt/nam, tuong
duong 60.000 tan giay/nam. Nhu cSu nguyen nhien lieu ciia Nha may giai doan 1 trinh
bay trong bang 1.


Bang 1. Nhu cau nguyen^ nhien lieu cho san xuat 60M00 tan giay
tai Nhd may giay Chau Lpc [7]
B(fnvi

Djnli miit/1 TSP

Nftu cau 1 ngay

Niiu cau 1 nam

Lufing

Tan

0,38

691

228.000

B6t giay

Tan

0.165

30

10.000

Voi

Tan

0,24

43,64

14.400

Xut

Tan

0,012

2,2

720

Na2S04

Tan

0,038

6,91

2.280

Plien

Tan

0,025

4,54

1.500

Nhi/a tiiong

Tan

0,01

1,82

600

Than

Tan

0,91

165,45

54.000

Dau

Tan

0,06

10,91

3.600

Dien

KWh

200

36,363,64

12.000.000

Ni/dc

m3

62

11.700

3,861.000

Ten nguyen, nhien lieu
1. Nguygn Ii6u

2. Hoa cliat

3. Nhien lieu

Lupng chat thai d nhiSm phat sinh tir hoat ddng ciia Nha may giay Chau Lpc
giai doan 1 gom:
- Nude thai cdng nghiep 11.700 mVngay.dem, tuong duong 0,14 mVs
- SO2 : 3,2 tan/ngay dem, bui : /ngay dem, CO2: 645 tan/ngay dem
Nude thai nha may gia'y Chau Lpc cd tac ddng tieu cue manh me den chat lupng
nude sdng Len v6 mua can va hoat dpng kinh te xa hoi ciia cac xa ha luu thudc huyen
Hau Lpc, huyen Ha Trung va Nga Son. Du bao nude thai Nha may giay cd tac ddng
tieu cue den cac hoat dpng kinh te xa hoi tai Hau Lpc:
^ Tac dpng tieu cue den hoat dpng canh tac ndng nghiep, lam giam san
lupng Ilia va cay m^u cua cac xa hien dang sir dung ngudn nude Sdng
Len (Phong Lpc, Quang Lpc, Lien Lpc, Xuan Lpc, Thinh Lpc, Lpc Tan,
My Lpc, Hoa Lpc, Phii Lpc, Hai Lpc, Da Lpc, Hung Lpc, Minh Lpc, Hoa
Lpc).
"^ Tac dpng tieu cue den hoat ddng nudi trong va che bien thuy hai san, lam
giam chat lupng san pham d cac xa Da lpc, Hoa Lpc, Ngu Lpc, Xuan
Lpc, Hai Lpc.
^ Tac ddng tieu cue den cha't lupng san phaim mudi san xuat tai cac xa Hai
Ldc. Hoa Ldc, Xuan Ldc.


^ Tac ddng tieu cue dS'n siic khoe ngudi dan d cac xa ha luu Sdng Len, dac
biet la dan cu cac xa hien dang six dung true tiep nguon nude Sdng Len
va lien thong vdi Sdng Len (Sdng Tra Giang, Kenh De, Kenh 5 xa).
Khi thai nha may gia'y Chau Lpc, bao gdm SO2, bui, NO^ va VOC (Metacaptau;
cd tac dpng tieu cue tdi mdi trudng khdng khi bao gom: cac xa Chau Lpc, Trieu Lpc,
Dai Ldc thupc huyen Hau Lpc va xa Ha Son huyen Ha Trung. Khi thai nha may giay

Chau Ldc tac dpng true tiep tdi sue khde ngudi dan cac xa da ndi tren va hoat ddng du
lich tai Den Ba Trieu thupc xa Trieu Lpc.
Trong tuong lai, khi Nha may gia'y Chau Lpc md rpng cdng suat giai doan 2,
pham vi va mLi:c dp tac ddng ciia nude thai va khi thai gia tang manh me.
2.2. Tac dong mdi trudng cua hoat dong ndng lam nghiep
Tren co sd dien tich da't, nang sua't va san lupng ndng nghiep (cac bang 2, 3, 4,
5) [2,3], cd thi phan tich va danh gia cac tac dpng mdi trudng cua hoat ddng canh tac
ndng nghiep tai huyen Hau Lpc.
Bang 2. Thong he dien tich cac loai cay trong trong ndng nghiep (ha)
Cay iWcfng tfii/ic co tiat
Nam

Tong
so

Chia ra

1
Tong

1

Lua ca nam Ngfl + Ke

Cay lay
cu (khoai
lang, sin)

Caythifc
pham (Rau

dau tri/dau
tifcfng)

Cay cong
nghiep
hang nam

Cay
hang
nam
khac

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1990

16243

12832

11530

1302

1398

665

1281

58

1995

16484

12878

11492

1386

1466

782

1302

56

1997

16570

12882

11470

1412

1512

802

1321

53

1999

16683

12875

11412

1463

1572

870

1304

62

2000

16704

12855

11391

1464

1531

920

1324

74

2001

16713

12572

11334

1238

1608

983

1477

73

2002

16799

12764

11249

1515

1390

995

1587

63

2003

16972

13031

11228

1803

1006

1100

1774

61

2004

17646

13462

11200

2262

905

1269

1969

41

2005

17677

13341

11080

2261

842

1429

2024

41 ,

1

7

9 ,


Bang 3. Thong ke ndng sudi, san luang lua cd nam chia theo. vu 1990 - 2005
1990 1995

1997 1999 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

NS Ilia ca nam
(Ta/ha)

25,5

29.4

36,2

45,5

46,5

45,6

52

53

54,6

49,4

Lua chi§m xuSn

30,8

36,5

46

52

54,1

55,6

57,6

58

58

59

21

23.4

28,2

39,6

40

37

47

49

51,6

41

Nim

Lua mua
SL (Tan)

29409 33801 41561 51963 52982 51708 58385 59596 61134 54706

Lua chi6m xuSn

16242 19225 24015 27363 28406 29112 29986 30125 29970 30315

Lua mua

13167 14576 17546 24680 24576 22596 28399 29471 31164 24391

Bang 4. Thong ke dien tich^ ndng suat san luong ngo giai doan 1990-2005
Nam

1990 1995

1997

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

1302 1386

1412

1463

1464

1238

1515

1803

Tl
2261

Nang suat (ta/ha) 29,5 29,6

30,4

30,7

30,4

35

36,6

38,6

44,7

43,3

San li/ong (tan)

4287

4491

4450

4304

5539

6969

10112 9779

Dien ti'ch (ha)

3141 4096

Bang 5. Thong ke san luang cay cong nghiep giai doan 1990-2005 (tan)

1

Nam

Lac

Dau tifcfng

Vifhg

Coi

Cay CN khac

1990

1263

88

129

111

1300

1995

1448

123

122

605

890

1997

1445

130

125

583

1650

1999

1510

135

137

572

1027

2000

1580

150

116

595

1705

2001

1992

230

103

630

1653

2002

1938

472

120

741

1640

2003

2378

590

130

770

1130

2800

675

140

805

1680

2595

792

139

376

1

2004

1

2005
1

I

8

'

1802

'
1
'

_.

i


Dua tren sd lupng dien tich ndng nghiep va udc tinh quy mo sii dung phan bdn
tang dSn trong cac nam iix 1990 den 2010 (1990: 100 kg, 2000: 200 kg, 2005: 250 kg,
2010: 300kg), cd th^ du bao lupng phan bdn sii dung trong canh tac ndng nghiep d
huyen Hau Lpc (Bang 6).
Bang 6. Vac tinh luang phan bdn sddung trong san xuat ndng nghiep
huyen Hau Lpc, giai doqn 1990-2010
TT

Nam

Tong dien tich canh
tac (ha)

Lifdngphan bdn sCf
dung (kg/ha)

Tong iifdng phan
bdn sif dung (tin)

1

1990

16.243

100

1.624

2

1995

16.484

150

2.472

3

1997

16.570

170

2.818
1

4

1999

16.683

190

3.170

5

2000

16.704

200

3.341

6

2001

16.713

210

3.597

7

2002

16.799

220

3.696

8

2003

16.972

230

3.903

9

2004

17.646

240

4.235

10

2005

17.677

250

4.419

11

2010

17.500

300

5.452

Dua tren cac sd lieu ve dien tich, nang suat (Bang 2, 3, 4, 5) va sd lieu dieu tra
ve sinh khdi ciia phu phdm ndng nghiep cua Pham Van Lang [5] va cac khoa luan tot
nghiep sinh vien nganh Khoa hpc mdi trudng, Trudng DHKNTN nam 2008 [6,8], cd
the dua ra bang udc tmh sinh khdi chua dung trong phu ph£m ndng nghiep cho cac loai
cay trong huyen Hau Ldc (Bang 7).


Bang 7. If&c tinh sinh khoi trong phu pham ndng nghiep nam 2005
Ty IS phu pham/SP
chlnh

Tong sinh khoi
khd (tan)

TT

Loai cay trong

Dien tich ha

San Iifdng

1

Lua 2 vu

11.080

54.706

1,3/1

71.118

2

NgQ

2.261

9.779

4/1

39.116

3

Lac

2.595

2.979

1.2/1

3.575

4

Dau ti/ong

792

3/1

2.376

5

Coi

850

0,2/1

170

6

VCmg

139

6/1

834

7

Khoai

500

1,2/1

600

1

8.100

7.500

8

Cac loai cay khac

3/1

1.802

5.406
130.695

Tong cong

Vdi khoi lirong 130.695 ta'n nam 2005 va gia tang khoang 3-5% m6i nam, lugng
sinh khoi trong phu ph^m nong nghiep la tiem nang sinh khoi Ion, dong thoi dang la
tac nhan gay 6 nhiSm moi trudng dia ban huyen.
Chan nuoi la nganh kinh te quan trong ciia huyen, so luong va quy mo chan
nuoi trinh bay trong bang 8. Theo do, luong chat thai do chan nuoi o huyen Hiu Loc
tang nhanh theo quy mo md rong san xua't tu 109,5 ta'n/ngay nam 2000 len 143.9
tan/ngay nam 2005, 197 tan/ngay nam 2010 va 335 ta'n/ngay nam 2020. So luong chat
thai nay neu duac quan ly va xu ly de san xuat biogas hoac lam phSn bon thi khong
dang ke, nhung neu khong xu ly va thai vao cac nguon nude mat, thi tac dong moi
trudng do chat thai chan nudi se nguyen nhan gay d nhidm ngudn nude mat, dac biet la
nude mat Sdng Tra Giang.
Bang 8. l/ffc luang thdi luang tif hoat dpng chan nuoi cua huyen Hau Lpc
Loai vat nudi

ii^ifc thai (kg/con/ngay)

0,5

Lon
Trau bo

0,1

Gia cam

Tong lirang chat thai

2000

2005

2010

2020

47.000

70.000

100.000

150.000

13.400

16.450

23.500

30.000

594.200

760.000

109.5

143.9

1.000.000 ! 2.000.000

197

335

tan/ngay

Luong phan bdn. thudc bao ve thuc vat va chat thai sinh hoat cua cac khu vuc
dan cu la nguyen nhan gay nen tinh trang d nhilm nude ngam tang mat d cac ,\a ven

10


hiin va Sdng Tra Giang. Tinh trang nay co xu hudng gia tang trong giai doan phat trien
kinh te xa hoi ciia huyen Hau Ldc trong giai doan 2010-2020.
2.3. Tac dong moi trirdng cua boat dong nuoi trong thuy san va nghe lam muoi.
Ngh6 nudi thuy san : Theo sd' lieu thong ke, san lupng nudi trdng thuy san cua
huyen Hau Ldc nam 2005 khoang 1.500 ta'n, vdi tdc dp tang trong giai doan 20(X)-2005
la 97%, binh quan mdi nam tang 20%. Day la nganh cd tdc dp tang trudng cao cua
huyen (Bang 9), tuy nhien su gia tang san lupng chu yeu do tang nang suat bang cac

cdng nghe va ky thuat nudi trdng. Dieu nay cd the' anh hudng tdi mdi trudng khu vuc
nudi trdng do sir dung ngay cang tang thiic an va thudc hoa chat. Khu vuc tap trung cac
d^m nudi thudc cac xa Da Ldc, Xuan lpc, Minh Ldc.
Nghe danh bat thuy san tap trung chu yeu tai cac xa Ngu Ldc, Hai Ldc, Hung
Lpc, san lupng danh bat gia tang hang nam trung binh khoang 5% nam. Phan Idn su
gia tang lien quan den cac hoat ddng danh bat xa bd, tiem ^n cac tai bien thien nhien
(bao, gidng, an ninh qudc phdng) dSn den cac rui ro ve tinh mang ciia ngu dan.
Bang 9. San luang nudi trong va danh bdt thuy hai san cua huyen Hau ldc 20002005.
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Nuoi trong (tan)

761

702

1.127

1.239

1.349

1.500

Dien tich nu6i trong (ha)

825

804

816

825

853

860

San luong danh bat (tan)

8.969

9.858

10.303

10.909

10.893

11.300

San luong ca bi^n (tan)

3.338

3.691

3.869

4.515

4.600

4,800

9.730

10.560

11.430

12.148

12.242

12.800

San li/crng

Tong cong

Nghe lam mudi d Hau ldc, tap trung phat trien tai hai xa Hai ldc va Hoa ldc vdi
quy md san lupng 10.000 ta'n nam 2005 va 12.000 tan nam 2010. Tac ddng mdi trudng
cua nghe lam mudi nhin chung khdng dang ke ddi vdi mdi trudng khu vuc.
2.4. Tac dpng moi truong cua hoat dong giao thong dudtig thuy va dudng bo
Giao thong van tai cd vi tri quan trpng thiic day nen kinh te hang hoa phat trien.
Mang ludi dudng bd, dudng sdng, dudng bien ciia huyen dupe md rpng, nang cap.

11


Bang 10: Khoi luang hang hod, hanh khdch van chuyen- doanh thu van tdi
Nam

Ddnvj
tinh

1990 1995 2000

2001

2002

1000'

158,6 322

786

880,3

2003

2004

2005

1. Khoi lUdng hang
hoa
- Van chuydn

705

1038,6 1213,3 1395,3
1

+ Dudng bo

II

97,3

203

416

465

526

631,6

745,3

857,2

+ Ouang thu^

II

61,3

119

289

321

354,3

407

468

538,1

II

2425

4768 9765

10908 12217 14341

17082

19651

+ Dudng bo

II

1232

2330 4585

5178

5851

7021

8666

9967

+ Dudng thuy

II

1193

2456 5108

5730

6366

7320

8416

9684

174

345

390

448,5

538,2

630

743

174

345

390

448,5

538,2

630

743

- LuSn chuyen

HSoluOhghanhkhach
- Van chuyg'n

lOOONg 91,3

+ Dudng bp

II

+ Duang thuy

II

- Luan chuyen

91,3

1

lOOONg 2795

5325 10522 12000 12455 16147

19053

22161

km
+ Dudng bp

II

+Dudng thuy

II

A Doanh thu van tai

Ty
dong

2795

5325

10522 12000 12455 16147

19053

22161

4,1

7,6

15,2

30,2

36,3

16,2

18,6

24,7

> Ve dudng bd: Gom dudng d to qud'c Id, tinh Id, huyen Id va giao thong lien xa,
lien thdn,...
Thuc trang dudng bd tren dia ban huyen trudc nhung nam 1990 hau het chu^
dupe dd nhua hoac cap khdi. Tu nam 2001 den nay hau het cac dudng bp da va dang
dupe dau tu nang cap dai nhua, toan huyen cd nhieu tuyen mdi dupe md nhu: dudng tir
trung tam huyen di Quan Doc ( ndi vdi qud'c Id lA) dai 7 km mdi dupe dua vao sir
dung nam 2005. Dudng nga tu Hoa ldc di Dd Len dai 15km cung se dua vao sir dung
nam 2006 Tren dia ban huyen cd dudng qudc Id lA chay qua ( tir Dd Len den Ga

Nghla trang cua Hoang Hoa, qudc Id 10 tir Nga son - qua Hau ldc rdi sang huyen
Hoang Hoa bang can phao But Son. He thong dudng lien huyen, lien xa, lien 'hon dang
12


duac d^u tu nang ca'p. Tinh de'n nam 2005 toan huyen cd 76km dudng nhua, 136 km
ducmg ca'p khoi, lien xa, 465 km dudng be tong trong 217 thdn ( 26 xa + mot thi tra'n),
cd nhung xa dudng thdn xdm dupe be tdng hoa 100% nhu xa Phii Ldc, Van Ldc, Tien
Ldc, My Ldc,.... 100% so xa trong huyen d to cd thd de'n dupe tirng thdn xdm. Tai
nhung duong giao thdng xudng ca'p hoac cac hoat dong nhu lam mdi va tu b6 dudng
giao thong cung gdp phdn gay d nhiem moi trudng
, dac biet la mdi trudng khdng
khi
> Duong thuy: Hau Ldc cd ca dudng sdng va dudng bien
° Dudng sdng tren cac con sdng Idn nhu: Sdng Len, chay qua Ha'i Lpc ndi lien vdi
sdng Ma tai nga Ba Bong (Hoang Hoa, Yen Dinh, Ha Trung,Thieu Hoa) la con sdng
Idn nha't do ra bien qua cira Lach Sung. Thuan tien cho van chuyen hang hoa, chieu daj
16km.
° Sdng Kenh De ( ndi tir sdng Len chay ngang qua cac xa Lien Lpc, Hoa Ldc, Phii
Lpc, Minh Lpc, Hai Ldc va 66 ra cira bien Lach Trudng. Cd chieu dai khoang 10km
° Sdng Lach Trudng la mot ph^n cua sdng Tao Xuyen chay tir hudng Tay sang
hudng Ddng (cd chieu dai thdng qua Hau Ldc khoangl4km do ra cira bien Lach
Trudng)
° Sdng Tra Giang la con sdng dao tir thdi Tien Le chay theo hudng Ddng Tay.
trudc day sdng nhd nhung vao nhirng nam 1963 - 1964 dupe dao rpng ra nhu ngay nay
(ndi sdng Len va do ra cdng Nguydn xa Xuan Ldc)
> Ve dudng bien: Hau ldc cd chieu dai bd bien 12 km tir Da Ldc d phia Bac - Hai
Lpc phia Nam. Viing bien rpng cd hai cua Lach chinh ndi lien nhimg con sdng Idn rat
thuan tien cho tau thuyen qua lai. Song hien tai chua dupe 6i\x tu nhieu nen van chuyen
hang hoa chi d mii'c tau thuyen nhd, chua cd cang ra vao cho tau Idn, Dieu kien tu

nhien thuan Ipi trong van chuyen san phdm nhu ca, mudi di cac noi va van chuyen
hang hoa cho xuat khau, ddi sdng va phuc vu cho viec phat trien kinh te'.
Nhu vay, vdi nhieu loai hinh giao thdng da dang rat thuan tien cho viec van
chuyen, luan chuyen hang hoa, hanh khach. Nhung hoat ddng giao thdng tren day la
nhirng nguon thai ddng gay d nhiem mdi trudng

13


2.5. Tac dpng moi truomg cua boat dpng thirong nghiep va dich vu
Bang 11: Casa, lao ddng, tong mite bdn le hang hod va doanh thu dich vu,
kinh doanh thuang nghiep - nhd hang.
Chitieu

Ddn v| tfnh 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
1872 2186 2389 2458 2482 2778 2777 2982

1. Co sd san xuat kinh doanh

Coscr

- Nha nude:

Cosd

1

- Tap the

Cosd

4

- Doanh nghigp

Cosd

- Ho ca the

Cosd

1867 2182 2387 2456 2479 2705 2774 2978

II. Lao dpng kinh doanh

Ngucfi

2382 2775 3042 3130 3168 3375 3509 3947

Toe dp tang Tdng mijrc ban le

CM

Tdng mCrc ban le H^

1
1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

3

Ty dong

56

86

131

142

168

192

223

265

%

100

154

234

254

300

343

398

473

So lieu bang tren cho tha'y sd co sd kinh doanh, lao ddng tong muc ban le cd tdc
dp tang rat nhanh.

Ve CO sd kinh doanh va lao ddng nam 2005 ga'p 1,59 lan nam 1990, 1,32 lan
nam 1995; 1,25 iSn nam 2000; trong co ca'u co sd kinh doanh khdng con co sd nha
nude ma chuye'n sang cdng ty TNHH va ho gia dinh.
Doanh so ban le va doanh thu dich vu cd the ndi tang rat nhanh la bieu hien ciia
ket qua kinh doanh, nhu c^u tieu dung, san xua't cua nhan dan, hang hoa thi trudng
ngay cang phong phii, bieu hien cua nen kinh te' dang phat trien.
Neu nhu trudc day thi trudng la ciia thuong nghiep qudc doanh dupe phan phdj
theo ke hoach, tem phieu thi nay thi trudng la ciia kinh te ca the va mot phan nhd cua
hpp tac xa va cdng ty trach nhiem hihi han canh tranh va van hanh theo quy luat gia tri
cung cau hang hoa.
Thuong nghiep va dich vu phat tri^n dong nghla vdi khai thac tai nguyen manh
me va xa thai cac chat gay d nhiem mdi trudng. Neu quy hoach phat trien khdng tot va
dong bd se gay ra hau qua nang ne va ton kem trong viec xir ly giai quyet van de mdi
trudng.

14


III. DINH HirONG QUY HOACH MOI

TRIT6NG

3.1. Su dung cac nguon tai nguyen moi triidrng
a) Sii dung dat dai
- D^t canh tac ndng nghiep: Nham thuc hien muc tieu cua Nghi quyet Dai hoi
Dang bp huyen Hau Lpc Mn thii XXIV, nhiem ky 2006-2010 la 6n dinh dien tich liia d
miic 11.000 ha, dat san lupng luong thuc 80.000 ta'n trd len; viec bao ve dien tich canh
tac ndng nghiep dac biet la dien tfch liia dupe dat lam uu tien hang 6iu. Do vay, da't
canh tac nong nghiep, dac biet la da't trong liia dupe quy hoach theo hudng khdng
chuyen d6i sang cac muc dich su dung khac. Viing trpng die'm cay liia tap trung d dong

bang cao cua huyen (cac xa Tie'n Ldc, My Ldc, Lpc Son, Ldc Tan, Van Ldc, Phii Ldc).
Mdt sd xa dong bang trung cua huyen g^n ngudn nude (Thinh Ldc, Tuy Lpc, Dai Ldc,
..) tridn khai md hinh ket hpp trong liia - nudi trong thuy san. Cac xa viing dat cat ven
hiin (Minh Lpc, Hoa Lpc, Hung Ldc, Da Lpc,...) tap trung trong cay mau (ngd, khoai,
lac, virng,...).
- Da't cdng nghiep - dd thi; Do yeu c5u dac thii ve cap nude sinh hoat tap trung
quy md Idn, thuan tien giao thdng va khdng anh hudng de'n da't canh tac ndng nghiep.
Dinh hudng quy hoach viing da't cdng nghiep cua huyen bao gom hai loai:
+ Viing da't cdng nghiep va dd thi tap trung nam tren dia ban cac xa phia Tay
(Chau Lpc, Trieu Lpc va mot phan Dai Ldc) do thuan tien ngudn nude (Sdng Ma va
Sdng Len), gia tri sir dung da't ndng nghiep tha'p (da't ddi go ngheo dinh duong va dat
trong Ilia mot vu, da't trong m^u), nam g^n QL 1 va dudng sat Bdc Nam. Theo quy
hoach KTXH d day se xay dung Dd thi Ba Trieu va Nha may giay va bdt giay Chau
Ldc.
+ Viing da't cdng nghiep dd thi khdng tap trung de xay dung cac nha may va xi
nghiep cdng nghiep quy md nhd va tai dinh cu du kien phat tri^n dpc theo de Sdng Len
(Dong Lpc, Ciu Lpc, Phong Ldc), dpc theo Kenh De (Hoa Ldc, Minh Ldc, Hai Ldc,
Phii Ldc, Hoa Ldc), dpc theo Sdng Lach Trudng (Xuan Ldc). Mot sd dat dai viing doi
gan vdi Niii B^n cd the chuyen hoa thanh dat xay dung cac co sd cdng nghiep quy md
nhd.
-I- Viing da't dd thi khdng tap trung cd the phat trien dpc theo Dudng QL 10 va
thi tran trung tam huyen (Thinh Ldc).
- Da't lam nghiep: toan bp dien tich ddi va nui ciia huyen du kien quy hoach
trong rimg phdng ho va trong rCfng san xuat. Cac dien tich nay tap trung d cac xa phia
Tay huyen (Chau Ldc, Trieu Lpc, Dai Ldc, Tien Ldc) va mdt sd xa phia Bac (Cau Ldc,
Quang Lpc, Da Lpc).
- Cac xa ven bien phia ddng Kenh De do mat dp dan sd qua cao > 2000 ngudi/1
km^ (rieng Ngu Lpc la 18.890 ngudi/1 km'), dang bi sue ep ciia xdi Id va dang cao muc
nude bien, thieu nguon nude ngpt khdng nen quy hoach phat trien cdng nghiep, dd thi
va md rpng dien tich canh tac. Khu vuc nay du kien quy hoach cac khu dan cu tap

trung urng phd vdi tai bien xdi Id va dang cao muc nude hiin.
15


b) Phat trien cac ngdnh kinh te
XuSit phat tiir di^u kien tu nhien kinh te' xa hdi ciia huyen va xu hudng diln bien
mdi trudng va phat tri^n kinh te' da't nudrc, theo chiing tdi huyen Hau Ldc can tap trung
phat tri^n cac nganh kinh te chii y^u sau:
* Nong nghiep:
Day la nganh kinh te' chu ye'u hien tai va tuong lai cua huyen do the manh ve da't
dai va nguon nude tudi.
Cac loai cay trong chu dao la liia, ngd, khoai, dau, lac, cdi, mia, rau cac loai.
Viing trong liia chu yeu thupc cac xa khu vuc dong bang nhu: Tien Lpc, My Lpc, Lpc
Tan, Ldc Son, Van Ldc, ThuSn Ldc, Dong Ldc, Thanh Ldc, Cdu Lpc, Phong Ldc, Tu>
L6c, Thinh Ldc, Quang Ldc, Phii Lpc, Xuan Lpc. Vung trdng ngd, khoai, lac tap trung
vao cac xa viing da't cat, cat pha set dpc theo cac trien sdng Len, sdng Tra Giang, Kenh
De; nhu: Hoa Ldc, Quang Lpc,Phu Ldc, Minh Ldc, Hung Ldc, Da Ldc. Viing trdng cdi
tap trung chu yeu d xa Da Lpc.
Hau Lpc khdng cd da't chuyen dung danh cho hoat dpng chan nudi, tuy nhien
viing im tien cho chan nudi trau bd tap trung tai cac xa mien ddi niii phia Tay va cac
thdn xa nam dpc cac trien sdng Len, sdng Lach Trudng; viing uu tien cho cac trang trai
chan nudi Ipn va gia cam nam trong cac xa ddng bang.
* Nudi trong va danh bdt, che bien thuy hdi san:
Nudi thuy san nude Ip - nude ngpt: tap trung phat trien tai cac xa nam sat vdi
sdng Lach Trudng va sdng Len, nhu: Thudn Ldc, Hoa Lpc, Quang ldc.
Nudi trong thuy san nude man tap trung tai cac xa viing bien: Da Ldc, Hung
Lpc, Hai Ldc, Hoa lpc, Xuan lpc.
^
Nghe lam mudi uu tien tap trung tai cac xa gin cira sdng Lach trudng, noi ndng
dp mudi trong nude tuong ddi cao, nhu: Hai Ldc, Hoa Ldc.

Nghe che bien thuy san, dac biet la thuy san danh bat, tap trung tai cac xa viing
bien, nhu: Ngu Ldc, Da Ldc, Minh Ldc, Hai Ldc, Hoa Lpc.
* Cong nghiep vd tieu thu cong nghiep:
Cdng nghiep che bien ndng san hien nay va tuong lai se d trang thai phan tan,
tap trung chu yeu d cac xa ndng nghiep vung dong bang.
Cdng nghiep san xua't vat lieu xay dung cd the phat trien dua tren tiem nang dat
set lam gach ciia xa Xuan Ldc, cac xa dpc theo de sdng Len (Cau Ldc, Phong Ldc,
Quang lpc) va cac xa viing nui (Trieu Ldc, Chau ldc). Loai hinh vat lieu cd kha nang
phat trien d Hau Ldc la gach xay dung cac loai, gach dp lat. Vi tri tiem nang de pha'
trien vat lieu xay dung la Xuan Ldc, Quang Ldc, khu cdng nghiep Ba Trieu.
Cdng nghiep san xuat phan bdn cd kha nang phat trien dua vao ti(Sm nang phu
pham ndng nghiep va than bun Trieu lpc. Vi tri tiem nang de phat trien cac ca sd sd
san xuat phan bdn la khu vuc quy hoach Khu cdng nghiep Ba Trieu.

16


Nganh nghe tidu thii cdng nghiep phat tri^n dua tren truyen thdng dia phuong va
nguon nguyen lieu, vi du: nghe dan lat ciia lang Vu Thanh, xa My ldc; nghe nau ruoi
ciia xa C^u Ldc; ngh^ ren cua xa Tie'n Lpc.
* Thuong mqi dich vu:
He thdng thuong mai dich vu phuc vu dan cu dia phuong bd' tri tap trung theo
QL 10 - dudng giao thdng chii ye'u ciia huyen. He thdng thuong mai dich vu dd'i ngoai
nen tap trung phat tri^n dpc theo QL 1, vdi trung tam du kien la Dd thi Ba Trieu dang
dupe quy hoach xay dung.
Dich vu du lich cua huyen dua tren ba nguon tai nguyen chu ye'u la cac di tich
lich sir van hoa (D^n Ba Trieu - xa Trieu lpc, Chiia Siing Nghiem - xa Van Ldc, Di tich
van hoa do da mdi - xa Hoa Ldc, Den Ngu Phu - Hdn Ne - xa Ngu Ldc); tai nguyen
thien nhidn vung niii Bin - niii Son Trang; tai nguyen bien (cac xa ven bien tir Hoa Ldc
- Ngu Lpc - Hung Lpc - Da Ldc - Hai lpc - Hoa ldc - Xuan ldc. Trong dd, Den Ba

Trieu la trung tam d^u mdi cho cac hoat ddng du lich tren dia ban huyen.
!
- Giao thong van tdi thuy bp: Dudng bp QL 1 va QL 10; Dudng thuy tren Kenh DeSdng Len - Sdng Ma,
3.2. Xay dimg ha tang co sd bao ve moi trudng
* Nguon nuac:
Bao gom: nude sinh hoat cho dan cu va nude phuc vu hoat ddng kinh te.
- Nuac sinh hoat cho dan cu: Hien tai va trong tuong lai hai ngudn nude chii
ye'u dupe sir dung lam nude sinh hoat cho dan cu trong dia ban huyen la nude mat tir he
thdng Sdng Ma - Song Len va nude ngam. Trong dd, nguon nude mat tir he thdng Sdng
Ma - Sdng Len cd vai trd quyet dinh true tiep den ca'p nude va cd anh hudng gian tiep
chat lupng nude ngim trong dia ban huyen. Do qua trinh nhiem man va xu the dang
cao muc nude bien, nude mat doan ciia sdng Len, doan tir Cau Len den Nga Ba Bong
cd chat lupng va so lupng dam bao cho viec ca'p nude sach tap trung cho toan bd dan cU
huyen. Nguon nude mat ngpt ciia huyen cd the b6 sung tir nude mua va nude mat cua
cac luu vuc nude dung xay dung trong cac xa mien niii phia Tay huyen. Nguon nude
ngam ciia huyen gdm 3 t^ng nude chu yeu: nude ngam tang mat, nude ngam tang ndng
va nude ngam tang sau. Hien tai, nude ng^m tang mat dang bi d nhidm bdi chat thai
sinh hoat, khdng the quy hoach lam nguon cap nude cho dan cu, dac biet la dan cu ciia
cac xa mien bien cd mat dp dan sd cao. Nude ngim ling ndng d cac xa ven bien, dpc
sdng Lach Trudng va kenh De dang bi nhiem man. Loai hinh nude ngam tang ndng
khdng the quy hoach lam nguon cap nude cho dan cu dia phuong cac xa viing bien va
bd trai kenh De. Loai hinh nude ng^m cd kha nang sir dung lam ngudn nude sinh hoat
cho dan cu la nude ng^m tang sau nam tren mdng ket tinh ciia khu vuc, vdi dp sau tang
dan tir Tay Bac xudng Ddng Nam. Khu vuc xa Hoa Ldc, Hung Lpc, Ngu Ldc, Hai Lpc
dp sau cd the dat tdi 150m, trong khi dd tai cac xa Quang ldc. Cau Lpc, Thanh Lpc cd
the gap d dp sau 20 - 50 m dudi dia hinh ddng bang. Di khai thac ngudn nude ngdm
-- -

'^> ' ! ^' •.
'J'

17

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tSng sau lam nude sinh hoat phuc vu cho cac xa ven bi^n, cin tri^n khai cac tram khai
thac nude tap trung.
- Nguon nuac phuc vu hoat dong canh tdc nong nghiep vd nuoi trong thuy san
hien tai va tuong lai la nude sdng Len, sdng Au va cac ho chua nude xay dung d mien
niii phia Tay. Trong dd, nude sdng Len la dd'i tuong chu yeu cung ca'p nguon nude cho
nong nghiep. Qua cdng My nude Ldc Dong, nude sdng Len chay vao sdng Tra Giang,
tijf do chay ngupc len cac xa Thinh Lpc. Tiir Thinh Ldc, nude sdng Tra Giangtheo kenh
5 xa thoat ra sdng lach Trudng d cdng Xuan Ldc, hoac chay ngupc ve cac xa Ldc Tan Ldc Son - My Ldc, Van Lpc d^ hoa vdi nude sdng Au va chay ra sdng Lach Trudng
qua cdng d Thuan Ldc - Hoang Xuyen. Nguon nude sdng Au, bat nguon tir day niii Son
Trang chay theo Qudc Id sd 6 (cu) cd kha nang cung ca'p nude tudi ndng nghiep che
cac xa Tie'n Ldc, My Ldc, Van Lpc. Hien tai, nude tudi cho hoat ddng ndng nghiep d
huyen Hau Ldc, dupe bom tir sdng Len tai tram bom Dai Lpc, thdng qua he thdng kenh

Bac dan tdi cac xa nam d Tay Bac sdng Tra Giang (Dai Ldc, Dong Ldc, Cau Ldc, Tie'n
Ldc, Lpc Son, Lpc Tan, Phong Lpc va mot phan Thinh Ldc). Cac ho chiia nude d cac
xa mien niii phia Tay cd kha nang cung ca'p nude tudi han che' cho hoat ddng canh tac
ndng nghiep.
'
* Thodt nuac vd xu ly: thodt nude vd xu ly nu&c thdi
Hudng thoat nude (nude thai, nude mua) chung ciia huyen Hau Ldc kha phirc
tap, nhung chii yeu la thoat nude ra sdng Lach Trudng. Toan bd viing dat phia Tay Bac
sdng Tra Giang va mdt sd xa Van Ldc, Thudn Ldc, My Ldc, Thinh Ldc cd hudng thoat
nude chung la sdng Tra Giang va sdng Au. Viing dat nam giira sdng Tra Giang va
Kenh De khdng cd hudng thoat nude chung, cac luu vuc thoat nude gdm Kenh 5 xa,
kenh De va sdng Len, Ph^n da't nam phia Ddng Kenh De thoat nude ra bien. Hien tai
va trong tuong lai gin, hoat dpng thoat nude mua va nude thai ciia cac xa phia Ddng
kenh De dang gap nhieu khd khan, trong nhieu trudng hpp can phai tie'n hanh thoat
nude cudng buc.
Hien trang d nhiem nude sdng Tra Giang cd nguyen nhan tir nude thai sinh hoat
va cha't thai chan nudi, dang cd xu hudng ngay cang tram trpng hon do su gia tang dan
sd, gia tang cudng dp canh tac ndng nghiep va tang quy md hoat ddng chan nudi. De
giam thieu tac ddng d nhilm, mot sd dinh hudng xir ly nude thai dupe de xuat nhu sau:
- Nude thai ciia cac khu dan cu tap trung (thi tran Thinh Lpc, thi tran Van Lpc,
dd thi Ba Trieu,..) phai xir ly tap trung trudc khi do ra sdng Tra Giang, sdng Au).
- Nude thai va chat thai cua cac trang trai chan nudi tap trung phai dupe thu
gom, xir ly va thu hoi khi biogas trong cac he thdng xu ly nude thai cue bp.
- Nude thai lang nghe (lang nghe ren Tien Ldc, lang nau ruau Cau Ldc, lang
kinh doanh dich vu chd Thanh Ldc) can dupe thu gom va xir ly trudc khi thai ra mdi
trudng.
- Nude thai ciia cac co sd cdng nghiep, che bien thuy hai san bat bupc phai dupe
xu Iv trudc khi thai bd ra moi trudng xung quanh.
18

* Phdng ngita tai bien thien nhien:
Tai bien thien nhien lien quan den vung dat nghien ciiu bao gom dang cao muc
nude bien trong ddng bao (cac xa phia Dong Kenh de), xdi Id bd bien (cac xa Hung
Ldc, Ngu Ldc, Minh Ldc), gid manh trong bao, xam nhap man (cac xa Da Lpc, Hung
Ldc, Hai Lpc, Minh Ldc, Hoa Ldc, Xuan ldc, ..), Cac giai phap co ban d^ phdng ngira
tai bien thien nhien chung la trong rtoig chan sdng va chdn gid; kien cd hoa cac de bien
va song; cung cd co sd ha tdng nha d, c^p nude sach, ca'p dien, v.v.
Trdng riing chan sdng va chan gid la giai phap co ban, cd hieu qua kinh te' ddi
vdi dia ban huyen Hau lpc. Khu vuc cin uu tien trong rimg chan sdng va chan gid la
cac xa ven bien (Da Lpc, Hung Ldc, Minh Ldc, Hai Ldc, Xuan Lpc, Hoa Ldc, Xuan
Lpc). Trong pham vi nay, cd hai loai hinh rimg: rimg chan sdng ngoai de d xa Da Ldc,
Hoa Lpc, Xuan Lpc; rimg chan gid d trong de d tat ca cac xa phia Ddng Kdnh De.
Kien cd hoa cac tuyen de, dac biet la de bien cd muc tieu ngan ngira dang cao
miic nude h\in trong gidng bao. Khu vuc uu tien de xay dung kien cd hoa tuyen de
bi^n la cac xa Da Ldc, Hung Ldc, Ngu Ldc, Minh Ldc, Hai Ldc. Cac tuyen de sdng
khu vuc cira sdng Len, sdng Lach Trudng can thudng xuyen tu bo va nang ca'p.
* Bdi rdc:
Rac thai dang la ye'u to gay d nhiem mdi trudng nghiem trpng d viing ndng
thdn, trong dd cd huyen Hau Ldc. Nguyen nhan cua su cd nay bao gom: sir gia tang
tdng lupng rac thai va thanh phdn khd phan huy trong rac thai; khdng cd bai rac va khu
xir ly rac thai tap trung. Tinh trang rac thai d6 tran lan xudng cac thuy vuc va cac khu
da't trung gan vdi cac khu dan cu dang lam cho mdi trudng nude mat, nude bien va
khdng khi d nhiem [4]. Dinh hudng giai phap bao ve mdi trudng nham ngan ngira d
nhiem mdi trudng rac thai sinh hoat, phat sinh trong hoat dpng kinh te xa hdi la xay
dung cac khu xir ly va chdn la'p rac thai tap trung. Trong dd, ddi vdi huyen Hau ldc la
viec quy hoach cac bai chdn lap rac thai. Do dieu kien tu nhien phan each manh liet, du
kien nen xay dung cac bai chdn la'p rac tap trung quy md nhd cho tirng viing, cu the cd
ba vung : viing niii phia Tay, viing ddng bang trung tam, vung ven bien. Xet ve dilu
kien tu nhien va yeu cau bao ve mdi trudng dd'i vdi cac bai rac tap trung. Vj tri xay

dung cac bai rac tap trung ddi vdi cac viing ciia huyen Hau Ldc cu the nhu sau:
-i- Viing ven bien: noi thich hpp da dupe lira chpn la xa Minh Ldc.

^

+ Viing dong bang: noi thich hpp la khu vuc doi gd thudc Quang Ldc.
4- Viing niii phia Tay: noi thich hpp la ria Nam Niii Ban thudc dia phan xa Tien
Lpc.
Ben canh cac bai rac tap trung, mdi xa va khu dan cu can cd cac bai tap ket rac
rieng de tap trung rac trudc khi chuyen tdi khu chdn lap tap trung.
* Quan trdc mdi truofig:
Nhu da ndi tren, ngay ca d nhiem va suy thoai mdi trudng tai huyen Hau ldc, bao
gom: d nhiem nude mat tren cac ddng chay chinh. d nhiem va nhilm man nude ngam
tane mat va lang ndng; 6 nhilm nude bien: d nhiem khdng khi va nude thai khu cdng
19


nghiep Chau Ldc; tai bi^n mdi trudng viing ven bidn. Di han che cac tac ddng d nhilm,
viec quy hoach cac die'm va thdng s6' quan trdc c ^ duac tie'n hanh ngay trong giai doan
nay.
+ Vi tri va thong sd' quan trdc nude mat dupe trinh bay trong bang 12.
+ Vi tri va thdng sd quan trie nude ngdm dupe trinh bay trong bang 13.
+ Vi tri va thdng sd quan trdc nude bi^n dupe trinh bay trong bang 14.
+ Vi tri va cac di^m quan trdc d nhilm khdng khi dupe trinh bay trong bang 15.,
+ Vi tri va cac thd'ng so' quan trdc tai bien viing ven biln dupe trinh bay trong bang
16.
Bang 12. Vi tri vd cdc diem quan trdc nude mat
IT

Vi tri

Doi ti/dng quan trio

Thdng so quan trie

1

Song Len tai Nga ba
B6ng

Nude s6ng L6n dau nguon

TCVN 5942/1995

CM

Sdng L6n tai Cau
Len

Nude s6ng L6n sau khi tiep nhan
nude thai cua Khu cflng nghiep Chau
L6c

TCVN 5942/1995 va cac thong so
SS, COD,

3

Sdng Len tai Pha
Tham

Nude Song Len chiu tac dfing nhi§m
man

TCVN 5942/1995 va cac thong sd

4

S6ng L6n tai cCra
song xa Da Lpc

Nude s6ng L6n chju tac ddng nhi§m
man (cuoi ngu6n)

TCVN 5942/1995 va cac thong so
SS, COD, dp muoi

5

Sdng Tra Giang tai

Nude sdng Tra Giang dau ngu6n tai
noi nhan nude song Len

TCVN 5942/1995 va cac thong so
SS, COD, dp muoi

Nude sdng Tra Giang chju anh hudng
chat thai ndng nghidp va dan sinh
(giu^a nguon)

TCVN 5942/1995 va cac thong so
SS, COD, BOD, dp muoi, coliform

TCVN 5942/1995 va cac thong so
SS, COD, BOD, dp mudi, coliform

Au

Nude sdng Tra Giang chiu anh hudng
chat thai ndng nghiep va dan sinh
(cudi nguon)

K6nh 5 xa tai Cdng

Nude thai tdng hop (cudi ngu6n)

TCVN 5942/1995 va cac thdng sd
SS, COD, BOD, thudc BVW,
coliform

Nifdc kenh De chiu tac d6ng nhiem
man va 6 nhiem

TCVN 5942/1995 va cac thdng sd

Ni/dc song Au dau (giCa nguon)

TCVN 5942/1995 va cac thdng sd

Cdng Long Dong

6

S6ng Tra Giang tai
cau Thjnh Lpc

7

Song Tra Giang sau
khi hap luu vdi song

8

Bai Ha Xuan

9
10

Kenh De tai Cau De

Song Au tai cau Lien
Minh
1

SS, COD, dp muoi

SS, COD, BOD, dp mudi, coliform

SS, COD, BOD, coliform

on


Bang 13. Vi tri vd cdc thdng so quan trdc nude ngam

n

Vi tri

Doi tuong quan trie

Thong so quan trdc

xa Phong
Ldc

Nude ngam tang mat, tang ndng va tang sau (dau
nguon)

TCVN 5940/2005

Xa Thjnh
Ldc

Nude ngam tang mat, tang ndng va tang sSu (nhi§m
man va d nhi§m giOa ngu6n)

TCVN 5940/2005. dp
mudi. BOD

xaNgu
Ldc

Nude ngam tang mat, tang ndng va tang sau (nhiem
man va d nhi§m giufa ngudn)

TCVN 5940/2005. dp

mudi. nOD

Bang 14. Vi tri va thdng so quan trdc nude bien
TT

Thong so quan trdc

Doi tUdng quan trie

Nude bien khu vuc cang
ca Ngu Ldc

0 nhilm nude bi^n ven bd

TCVN 5943/2005. SS, BOD.
KLN, coliform

CNI

1

Vjtrf

Nude bien khu vuc cCra
bien Lach Trudng

0 nhiem nude bien ven bd va
kiem soat chat luang mudi

TCVN 5943/2005, SS, BOD,
KLN. dp mudi. BOD

3

Nude bidn tai dao Hdn Ne

Chat luang nude bien ven bd

TCVN 5943/2005. SS, BOD,
KLN, ddmudi.

Bang 15. Vi tri vd thdng sd quan trdc d nhiem khdng khi
IT

Do! tUcfng quan trio

Vjtrf

Thong so quan
trdc

1

Thj tran Thjnh Ldc

Hien trang chat luang khdng khi khu dd thj

TCVN 5937/2005

2

Khu dan cuxa Ngu Ldc

Hien trang chat luang khdng khi khu dan cu
tap trung

TCVN 5937/2005

3

Khu vuc nha may giay

Hien trang chat luang khdng khi khu cdng

TCVN 5937/2005

Chau Ldc

nghifep

4

Khu vuc nha may gach

1 Hien trang chat luang khdng khi nha may

^CVN 5937/2005

Xuan Ldc
5

Khu vuc bai rac Minh Lpc

Hien trang chat luong khdng Khi bai rac

TCVN 5937/2005

6

Khu vuc benh vien huyen

Hten trang chat luang khong khi benh vien

TCVN 5937/2005

xa My Ldc

\
1
1

21


Bang 16. Vi tri vd cdc thdng sd quan trdc tai bien mdi truang vung ven bien
TT

Vitrf

Doi tUcrng quan trie

Thong so quan trdc

<

1

xa Da Ldc

RCmg ngap man

Didn tich va chat luang amg

2

xa Hung
Ldc

Xdi mdn bd bi^n va dd bi^n

Xdi mdn ba bidn va chat luang dd bien

3

xa Ngu Ldc

Xdi mdn bd bien va dd bid'n

Xdi mdn bd bien va chat luong de bien

4

xa Hai Ldc

Xdi mdn bd bien va d6 bidn

Xdi mdn bo bien va chat luong de bien

5

xa Hoa Ldc

RUng ngap man va dd
sdng bidn

Dien tich va chat luong rUng ngap man, chat luang
dd sdng bien

6

xa Xuan

Ldc

RUng ngap man va dd
sdng bien

Didn tich va chat luong rung ngap man, chat luong'
de sdng bien

* Quy hoach bdo ve tdi nguyen lich su, cdnh quan:
Muc dich cua quy hoach la bao ton cac di tich lich sir canh quan ciia huyen.
Phuong phap chii yeu de thuc hien quy hoach la vach ra cac gidi han khdng gian bao ve
cac tai nguyen lich sir, canh quan va kiem soat cac hoat ddng phat trien gay d nhiem va
suy thoai cac gia tri Uch sir canh quan dupe quy hoach. Cac ddi tuong dupe quy hoach
bao ve gdm: Den Ba Trieu, dao Hdn Ne, Di tich dd da cu Hoa Ldc, Chiia Siing
Nghiem.
+ Den Ba Trieu: Hai vi tri dupe quy hoach la Den Ba Trieu va Khu lang md.
Pham vi khdng gian quy hoach bao gom ranh gidi bao ve theo quy dinh ciia Bd van hoa
va toan bd tai nguyen rirng va canh quan ndm gan vdi di tich.
+ Dao Hdn Ne: cd gia tri quan trpng trong viec han che tac ddng cua bao ddi vdi
viing bd bien, cung nhu gia tri an ninh qudc phdng va bao ton he sinh thai rirng tren
dao. Ndi dung quy hoach bao ton dupe xac dinh la: bao ve dien tich va chat lupng rimg
tren dao, han che tdi da tac ddng cua cac cdng trinh xay dung nhan tao tren dao, phat
huy cac gia tri sinh thai mdi trudng dao phuc vu phat trien du lich bien.
+ Di tich do da mdi Hoa Ldc: Ddi tuong dupe quy hoach bao ve la dien tich khu
vuc phat hien cac di tich do da mdi d hai xa Hoa Ldc va Phu Ldc. Noi dung quy hoach
la bao ton nguyen trang cac khu vuc phat hien di tich dd da mdi phuc vu nghien curu
khoa hpc, giao due va du lich.
+ Chua Siint^ Nghiem: Ddi tupng dupe quy hoach bao ve la khdng gian chiia va
cac di vat ciia chiia. Ndi dung quy hoach bao ve la di tich chiia cd cd tir thdi nha Ly
nam tron" khdng gian ciia dd thi cd Duy Tinh, tirng ton tai each day tren 1.400 nam.

-)"»


TAI LI$U THAM KHAO
I
1. Le Van Khoa (Chu bien), Gido trinh dinh dudng khodng cay trong. Ha Ndi, 2008.
2. Cue Thd'ng ke tinh Thanh Hoa, Nien giam thong ke 2000-2004, NXB. Thdng ke
2004
3. Cue Thdng ke Thanh Hoa, Nien giam thong ke 2005,2006,2007.
4. Luu Due Hai, Ngu Ldc - Mdt diem nhdc nhdi ve mdi trudng vung ven bien Viet
Nam, Tap chi Bao ve mdi trudng, sd 4 nam 2004.
5. Pham Van Lang, Nghien ciru, ddnh gid xdc dinh cdng nghe dot tdng sdi bdng
chat thdi sinh khdi dung trong phat dien, Ha Ndi, 2003.
6. Dudng Xuan Phiic, Tim hieu hien trang sd dung vd ddnh gid tiem ndng ndng
luang sinh khdi cdc phu pham cdy trong (Ida, ngd, lac) tinh Ninh Binh, Khoa
luan tot nghiep nganh KHMT nam 2008
7. Tong cdng ty giay Viet Nam, Bdn cam ket bdo ve mdi trudng Du an " Nhd mdy
sdn xuat giay vd bdt giay Thanh Hod'\ Ha Ndi 2007, Luu tru -So TN&MT Thanh
Hoa.
8. Le Thi Tan, Budc ddu nghien cdu hien trang qudn ly phu pham cdy trong tai
huyen Vinh Tu&ng, tinh Vinh Phuc vd de xuat mot sd gidi phdp qudn ly, Khoa
luan tot nghiep nganh KHMT nam 2008
9. Vien Quy hoach xay dung, Sd Xay dung Thanh Hod, Thuyet minh quy hoach
chung dd thi mdi Bd Trieu, huyen Hau Ldc, tinh Thanh Hod giai doqn 20012010,ThanhUoi 11/2002.
10. UBND huyen Hau Lpc, Dudia chi Hau Ldc, NXB.