Ôn tập hóa THCS cho lớp 10

10
12
14
15


Li

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

19

6,94

Na

22,99

Liti

1s22s1

Li

1s1

39,10

Cs

132,9

[Kr]5s1

Rb

85,47

Kali
[Ar]4s1

K

K

Franxi
[Rn]7s1

Fr

[223]

Xezi
[Xe]6s1

87

55

37

1,008

H

Natri
[Ne]3s1

11

3

1

88

56

87,62

Sr

Canxi
[Ar]4s2

40,08

Ca

Magie
[Ne]3s2

Mg

24,31

Ba

[Rn]7s2

Ra

[226]

Bari
[Xe]6s2

137,31

Ba

Stronti
[Kr]5s2

20

38

9,01

Be

Beri
1s22s2

12

4

47,87

La

[227]

Ac

Ca

Actini

[Ar]6d17s2

89

Lantan
[Ar]5d16s2

57

92,91

Nb

Na

[Ar]5f146d27s2

Db

Mg

52,00

Cr

95,94

Mo

[226]

Sg

54,94

Mn

Tc

[99]

75
Rheni

Re

186,2

Tecneti
[Kr]4d55s2

43

Mangan
[Ar]3d54s2

25

[264]

Bh

Cr

[Ar]5f146d57s2

Bhori

107

[Ar]4f145d56s2

Mn

[Ar]5f146d57s1

Seabogi

106

[Ar]4f145d56s1

Vonfram

W

183,85

[Kr]4d55s1

42

Crom
[Ar]3d54s1

24

74

Al

[Ar]5f146d37s2

Dubni

105

[262]

Rf

[261]

104

Tantal

180,9

Ta

[Ar]4f145d36s2

73

Niobi
[Kr]4d35s2

41

Hafni

Hf

50,94

V

[Ar]3d34s2

23

[Ar]4f145d26s2

72

178,5

Zr

138,9

40

Zirconi
[Kr]4d25s2

Y

Yttri
[Kr]4d15s2

39

91,22

Ti

88,91

22

Titan
[Ar]3d24s2

44,96

Sc

1s1

H

1,008

[Ar]3d14s2

21

Tên

1

55,85

Fe

190,2
Osmi

Os

[264]

Hs

Zn

[Ar]5f146d67s2

Hassi

108

[Ar]4f145d66s2

76

Rhuteni
[Kr]4d65s2

Ru

44 101,07

[Ar]3d64s2

26

58,93

Co

192,2

Ir

[268]

Mt

Cr

[Ar]5f146d77s2

Meitneri

109

[Ar]4f145d76s2

77

[Kr]4d75s2

Rh

45 102,91

Coban
[Ar]3d74s2

27

58,69

Ni
106,40

Pd

195,09
Plantin

Pt

Ununnili

Fe

[Ar]5f146d87s2

Uun

110 [271]

[Ar]4f145d86s2

78

[Kr]4d85s2

46

Niken
[Ar]3d84s2

28
63,55

Cu

[272]

Ni

65,39

Zn

[277]

Pb

[Ar]5f146d107s2

Ununbi

Uub

112

[Ar]4f145d106s2

Hg

80 200,59

Cadimi
[Kr]4d105s2

Cd

48 112,41

[Ar]3d104s2

30

Sn

[Ar]5f146d107s1

Unununi

Uuu

111

[Ar]4f145d106s1

Vàng

Au

79 196,97

[Kr]4d105s1

Ag

47 107,87

[Ar]3d104s1

29

10,81

B

26,98

Al

Galli

69,72

Ga

114,8

In

204,4

Tl

113

H2

phá

Tali
[A]5d106s2p1

81

[Kr]4d105s2p1

49

[Ar]3d104s2p1

31

Nhôm
[Ne]2s22p1

13

Bo
1s22s22p1

5
12,01

C

72,61

Ge

118,7

Sn

207,2

Pb

Cu

[289]

Uuq

114

Chì
[A]5d106s2p2

82

[Kr]4d105s2p2

50

[Ar]3d104s2p2

Germani

32

Silic
[Ne]2s22p2

28,09

Si

Cacbon
1s22s22p2
14

6
14,01

N

30,97

P

74,92

As

121,8

Ab

209,0

Bi

phá

Hg

115

Bismut
[A]5d106s2p3

83

[Kr]4d105s2p3

Antimon

51

[Ar]3d104s2p3

Arsenic

33

Photpho
[Ne]2s22p3

15

1s22s22p3

7

16,00

O

Seleni

78,96

Se

Telluri

127,6

Te

[209]

Po

phá

Ag

116

Poloni
[A]5d106s2p4

84

[Kr]4d105s2p4

52

[Ar]3d104s2p4

34

[Ne]2s22p4

32,07

S

Oxi
1s22s22p4
16

8

F

19,00

35,45

Cl

Brom

79,90

Br

126,9
Iot

I

[210]

At

Pt

117
phá

1,008

Ne

20,18

Heli
1s2

He

39,95

Ar

83,80

Kr

Xenon

131,3

Xe

[222]

Rn

118
phá

[A]5d106s2p6

86

[Kr]4d105s2p6

54

[Ar]3d104s2p6

Krypton

36

Argon
[Ne]2s22p6

18

Neon
1s22s22p6

10

Au

Astali
[A]5d106s2p5

85

[Kr]4d105s2p5

53

[Ar]3d104s2p5

35

Clo
[Ne]2s22p5

17

Flo
1s22s22p5

9

2


3,

NH4.
4, SO3, CO3.
4.

N (I, II, III, IV, V); S (II, IV, VI).

Cu (I, II); Sn (II, IV); Pb (II, IV).

xBy

VD:

3.

2

OXIT
MxOy

AXIT
Hn X

Oxit
bazơ

Oxit
axit

Axit

CaO
Fe2O3

CO2
SO2

H2SO4
H3PO4

Ghi chú:
–M

X

B(OH)m
Axit

HCl
HNO3

Bazơ
tan

Bazơ
không tan

NaOH
Cu(OH)2
Ba(OH)2 Fe(OH)2

BnXm

axit
NaHCO3 Na2SO4
KHSO4

K2CO3

B
4.
2O3, ZnO, PbO); oxit trung tính (NO, CO, N2O).
3, H2SO4) và axit không có oxi (HCl, HF).


(5)

O

(8)

QUÌ TÍM

AXIT
(6)

(7)

(10)

(12)

(bazơ tan)

2

+ oxit axit

+ axit

QUÌ TÍM
P.P ko màu

AXIT

(9)

(2)

(14)

to
(bazơ ko tan)
(11)

OXIT + H2O

XANH

H2O +

OXIT AXIT

(3)

+ H2O

(1)

O

2

axit +

+ bazơ

2

oxit bazơ

(4)

+ axit

+ bazơ

(17)

(15)
(16)

(13)

O

2

(1) SO3 + H2O
H2SO4
(2) CaO + H2O
Ca(OH)2
(3) CaO + CO2
CaCO3
(4) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 (dư)
CaCO3 + H2O
(5) CuO + HCl
CuCl2 + H2O
(6) Fe + 2HCl
FeCl2 + H2
(7) HCl + AgNO3
AgCl + HNO3
(8) HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
(9) H2SO4 + FeO
FeSO4 + H2O

(10) Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3
(11) Cu(OH)2

t

o

CaCO3 + 2NaOH

CuO + H2O

(12) Ba(OH)2 + SO2
BaSO3 + H2O
(13) Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl
FeCl3 + 3H2O
(14) Fe + CuSO4
Cu + FeSO4
(15) MgCl2 + 2NaOH
Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
BaSO4 + 2NaCl
(16) BaCl2 + Na2SO4
(17) Na2CO3 + 2HCl
2NaCl + CO2 + H2O


Chú ý

2O,

K2O, CaO, BaO.

2O3

không
2SO4
3,

H2SO4

2.

1
(A) Na, Ca, H.

(B) Ag, Mg, Cu.

(C) Na, K, Cu.

(D) K, Ag, H.

2
(A) Cu.

(B) C.

(C) Fe.

(D) Al.

3
(A) NO3.

(B) SO4.

(C) PO4.

(D) OH.

4
(A) Zn2Cl.

(B) ZnCl.

(C) ZnCl2.

(D) ZnCl3.

5
(A) CuOH.

(B) Cu2OH.

(C) Cu(OH)2.

(D) Cu(OH)3.

6
(A) II.

(B) I.

(C) III.

(D) IV.

7
(A) K2O.

không đúng?
(B) AlSO4.

(B) KBr.

(D) Mg(NO3)2.

8
(A) MgSO4.

không đúng?
(B) KCO3.

(C) NaCl.

(D) Al2O3.

9
(A) Cu(OH)2.

(B) HNO3.

(C) MgO.

(D) Na2SO4.

2(SO4)3

là


A
P2O5

4,

OXIT
OXIT AXIT

HCl, CO2, Ca(OH)2, HNO3, CuO, Zn(NO3)2, KHSO4,

AXIT

OXIT BAZƠ

B
(1) CaO + SO2
(2) CO2 + NaOH (dư)
(3) MgO + HCl
(4) K2O + H2O
(5) SO2 + H2O
(6) Fe + H2SO4
(7) Fe(OH)2 + HCl
(8) Mg + Cu(NO3)2
(9) HCl + Na2CO3
(10) KOH + Mg(NO3)2
C
(a) Ca
(b) C

CaO
Ca(OH)2
CaCO3.

CO2
Na2CO3
NaCl.

D

(a)

S

(1)

SO2

(2)

(4)

SO3

Fe2(SO4)3
(4)

(5)

H2SO4

Na2SO3

(1)

(b)

(3)

FeCl3
(5)
(6)

Fe2O3

(6)

SO2

(7)

Na2SO4

(2)

Fe(OH)3
(3)

H2SO3
(10)

(8)

Na2SO3

BaSO4

(9)

SO2


+ O2

+ phi kim

(4)

(2)
(3)

K

Ba

Ca

Na

Mg

Al

Zn

+ H2

(1)

OXIT AXIT

OXIT

+ axit

2

Fe

Ni

Sn

Pb

+ O2

(H)

Cu

2SO4

n

V
22, 4
M.V

VD:
2, 24
56
2

0, 04 (mol).

2, 24
22, 4

Hg

Ag

Pt

2.

m
M

n

PHI KIM

0,1 (mol).

– CM

Au


m
C % = ct .100 %
mdd

– mct
– mdd
– mdd = m dung môi + mct.

VD:

dd

= 15 + 45 = 60 (gam).
C%=

15
.100 %
60

25 %.

M

CM =

VD:

n
V

4

nCuSO

4

4:

CM

4

16
160

0,1
0, 2

0,1 (mol).

0,5 (mol/l) hoÆc 0,5 M.

cC + dD

A + mB = mC + mD
VD:

a. PTPƯ:

Mg + O2

to

MgO

mMg

mO

2

mMgO

mO2

15

9

6 (gam).


E
(A) Mg.

(B) Cu.

(C) Al.

(D) Fe.

F
(A) Zn và HCl.

không
(B) Fe và CuSO4.

(C) Cu và HCl.

(D) Zn và Pb(NO3)2.

G

không

(A) Fe + HCl

to

(B) P + O2
to

(C) Fe + Cl2

(D) Cu + H2O

H
Al2S3
I
(a) 1,2 gam magie.

(1)

Al

(2)

Al2O3

(3)

AlCl3

(4)

Al(OH)3

(5)

Al2O3

(b) 3,36 lít khí CO2

J

khí H2
2

sinh ra.

K

L
(1)

(a)

(b)

Fe

C

(5)

(1)

FeCl3
FeCl2

CO2

(2)

(2)

(6)

Fe(OH)3
Fe(OH)2

CaCO3

(3)

M
4 %.
4 0,1 M.
2

(3)
(7)

Fe2O3
FeSO4

CaO

(4)

(4)
(8)

Fe2(SO4)3
Fe

Ca(OH)2

(5)

Ca(HCO3)2


VD1:

2

b. Tính V?
c. Tính a?
a. PTPƯ:
b. nFe

Fe +2HCl
5, 6
56

FeCl2 + H2

0,1 (mol).

– Theo PTPƯ ta có: nH2

nFe

0,1 (mol).
2,24 (lít).

2

c.
– Theo PTPƯ ta có: nHCl = 2nFe = 0,2 (mol).

a

0, 2
0, 2

1 M.

N

2

b. Tính V.
o


O
b. Tính a.
P

2SO4

khí H2

C%

mc t
.100% )
mdd

10 %, sau


VD2:
2

a. PTPƯ:

b. nH2

Mg + 2HCl
MgCl2 + H2
Zn + 2HCl
ZnCl2 + H2

4, 48
22, 4

(1)
(2)

0,2 (mol).

Ta có: mA = 24x + 65y = 8,9 (*)
– Theo PTPƯ (1) ta có: nH2

nMg

x (mol).

– Theo PTPƯ (2) ta có: nH2

nZn

y (mol).

*) và (**

2

24x
x

65y
y

0,2

8,9

x + y = 0,2 (**)

x

0,1

y

0,1
%mMg

24.0,1
.100 %
8,9

26, 97 %.

73,03 %.


Q

2SO4
2

R
H2SO4 2 M.

2O3


VD3:

2

c. Tính m.
a. PTPƯ:

1Ba(OH)2 + 2HCl

b. nBa(OH)2
Ta có:

0,1.1

nBa(OH)2
1

nBa(OH)

2

1

0,1 (mol); nHCl

0,1
1

0,1 ;

nHCl
2

BaCl2 + 2H2O

0,15.2

0,3
2

nHCl
2

0,3 (mol).

0,15
2.

2

2

Theo PTPƯ: nBaCl2

nBa(OH)2

0,1 (mol).
20,8 (gam).

S

b. Tính V.
T Cho 2,24 lít khí CO2

b. Tính m.

sinh ra.


Câu

Câu

1

D

9

2

C

A

3

C

B

4

C

C

5

C

D

6

C

E

A

7

B

F

C

8

B

G

D

C

A
OXIT
OXIT AXIT

OXIT BAZƠ

CO2, P2O5

CuO

AXIT

BAZƠ

HCl, HNO3 NaOH, Ca(OH)2

B (1) CaO + SO2
CaSO3
(2) CO2 + 2NaOH (dư)
Na2CO3 + H2O
(3) MgO + 2HCl
MgCl2 + H2O
(4) K2O + H2O
2KOH
(5) SO2 + H2O

H2SO3
(6) Fe + H2SO4
FeSO4 + H2
(7) Fe(OH)2 + 2HCl
FeCl2 + 2H2O
(8) Mg + Cu(NO3)2
Mg(NO3)2 + Cu
(9) 2HCl + Na2CO3
2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
(10) 2KOH + Mg(NO3)2
2KNO3 + Mg(OH)2
C (a) 2Ca + O2
2CaO
CaO + H2O
Ca(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
CaCO3 + H2O
2
(b) C + O2
CO2
CO2
Na2CO3 + H2O
Na2CO3 + 2HCl
2NaCl + CO2 + H2O

KCl, BaSO4, Zn(NO3)2

KHSO4

s

D
(a)
(1) S + O2

SO2
450 500o C

(2) 2SO2 + O2

V2O5

2SO3

(3) SO3 + H2O
H2SO4
(4) SO2 + 2NaOH (dư)
Na2SO3 + H2O
(5) 2Fe + 6H2SO4
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
(6) H2SO4 + 2NaOH
Na2SO4 + 2H2O
(7) SO2 + H2O
H2SO3
(8) H2SO3 + 2NaOH
Na2SO3 + H2O
(9) Na2SO3 + 2HCl
2NaCl + SO2 + H2O
(10) Na2SO4 + BaCl2

BaSO4 + 2NaCl
(b)
(1) Fe2(SO4)3 + 3BaCl2
3BaSO4 + 2FeCl3
(2) FeCl3 + 3NaOH
Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
t0

(3) 2Fe(OH)3

Fe2O3 + H2O

(4) Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
(5) Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH
3Na2SO4 + 2Fe(OH)3
(6) 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4
Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O

J

H
t0

(1) 2Al + 3S
(2) 4Al + 3O2

Al2S3
t0

2Al2O3

a. Fe

+ 2HCl

b. nFe = 0,1 mol. nH2

FeCl2

+

H2

0,1mol.

K
(3) Al2O3 + 6HCl
2AlCl3 + 3H2O
(a) C% (NaCl) = 20%
(4) AlCl3 + 3NaOH
Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
(b) CM (NaCl) = 0,5 M
t0
(5) 2Al(OH)3
Al2O3 + 3H2O
L
(a) (1) 2Fe + 3Cl2
2FeCl3
I

(2) FeCl3 + 3NaOH
Fe(OH)3
+ 3NaCl
o
t
(a) nMg = 0,05 mol.
(3) 2Fe(OH)3
Fe2O3 + 3H2O
(b) nCO2

0,15mol.

(c) nNaOH = 0,005 mol.

(4) Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
(5) Fe + 2HCl
FeCl2 + H2
(6) FeCl2 + 2NaOH
Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl
FeSO4 + 2H2O
(7) Fe(OH)2 + H2SO4
(8) FeSO4 + Mg
MgSO4 + Fe


s

L
CO2

(b) (1) C + O2
(2) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 dư
(3) CaCO3

t0

CaCO3 + H2O

CaO + CO2

(4) CaO + H2O
Ca(OH)2
(5) Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2
Ca(HCO3)2
M (a) m = 131,625 gam.
N a. 2Al + 6HCl
b. V = 6,72 lít.
c. m = 19,2 gam.
O a. NaOH + HCl
b. a = 2.

(b) m = 2 gam.

2AlCl3 + H2

NaCl + H2O

P a. % mCu = 70,33%; % mAl = 29,67%.
b. mdd = 147 gam.
Q a. 2Al + 3H2SO4

Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mg + H2SO4
MgSO4 + H2
b. % mAl = 52,94%; % mMg = 47,06%.
R a. Al2O3 + 3H2SO4
CuO + H2SO4

Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
CuSO4 + H2O

b. % mAl2O3 = 38,93%; % mCuO = 61,07%.
S a. Fe dư, mFe dư = 2,8 gam.
b. V = 1,12 lít.
T a. CO2 + 2NaOH
b. m = 18,6 gam.

Na2CO3 + H2O

(c) m = 3 gam.