Chapter 1, CH.1 microbiology review Flashcards _ Quizlet

10/10/2020

Prescott's Microbiology - Chapter 1, CH.1 microbiology review Flashcards | Quizlet

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Prescott's Microbiology - Chapter 1, CH.1 microbio
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Key concepts:
Last Universal Common Ancestor

Bacteria And Archaea

Membrane Bound Organelles

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Terms in this set (75)
Viruses

-acellular
-must invade a host to replicate
-packet of genetic information
- "parasite of a cell"

Norman Pace

-developed a universal phylogenetic tree

LUCA

-the Last Universal Common Ancestor
- at the origin of the phylogenetic tree
-shows that bacteria and archaea evolved

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Prescott's Microbiology - Chapter 1, CH.1 microbiology review Flashcards | Quizlet

independent of each other because it is on the
bacterial branch

Carl Linnaeus

-made binomial system (/Genus species/)

pure / axenic culture

-culture removed from the natural habitats and
isolated from other microbes, problematic when
trying to observe behaviors

Edward Jenner

-experiment with cowpox in children, didn't get
smallpox (milkmaids were immune)
-created first vaccinations

microbiology

scientific study of microscopic organisms and viruse

list 6 groups of microorganisms

1. bacteria
2. archaea
3. protists
4. fungi

5. algae
6. viruses

which group of microorganisms

prokaryotes can survive in high salt, high temp, low

can exist in extreme

temp, and deep in the ocean

enviromental conditions

what group of the

viruses

microorganisms is neither a
prokaryote or eukaryote

2 examples of how

1. production of drinks and food 2. production of

microorganisms benefit man

antibiotics and insulin

which microogranism did hooke

fungi

first observe

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Fleming

developed first penicillin greatest discovery to
microbiology

what year did Fleming develop

1929

penicillin

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Prescott's Microbiology - Chapter 1, CH.1 microbiology review Flashcards | Quizlet

who said that if an organism is

Koch

exposed to a pathogen they will
get it

germ theory

The idea that disease was caused by living organism

what is a pure culture

culture containing 1 species

what is used to characterize

microscope

microbes of their physical
characteristics

3 types of microscopes

light
TEM transmission Electron microscopy
SEM scanning electron microscopy

what is a light microscope used

visualize living organisms move

for

why do we stain microbes

live bacteria cells lack color and contrast

what can you see with a TEM

visualization of internal cell structures

microscope

viruses

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What can you see with SEM

the cells surface

scope

viruses
living organisms

how to classify and distinguish

staining

microbes

both eukaryote and prokaryotes

cell membranes barrier between the outside and th

have

inside

only bacteria have

true

microcompartments

prokaryotes have different

true

flagella but not cilia true or false

where does the energy

mitochondria and chloroplasts

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Prescott's Microbiology - Chapter 1, CH.1 microbiology review Flashcards | Quizlet

metabolism take place in a
eukaryote

where does the energy

cytoplasm and cell membrane

metabolism take place in the
prokaryote

how are the cell shape and

light microscopy and staining

arrangement determined

prokaryotes lack what?

membrane bound organelles

what is the capsule made of

mix of polysacharides and proteins

what is the purpose of the

protection

capsule

structure and function of the

maintain cell shape and prevent distruction

rigid cell wall

gram positive cells attract and

true

hold more of the stain

color of the gram positive after

dark purple

stained

color of the gram negative after

pink

stained

building blocks and needed for

macroelements

energy reproduction

Cellular microbes include

1.Fungi(yeast/mold)
2. Protists (algae/protozoa/slime molds)
3.Bacteria (E.coli)
4.Archaea(methanogens)

Acellular microbes

1. Viruses (nucleic acids and proteins)
2. Viroids (RNA)
3. Virusoids (RNA)
4. Prions (Protein)

Microorganisms/Microbes

organisms that are too small to be seen with the eye
lack differentiated tissue

Prokaryotic cell structure

no nucleus

no membrane-bound organelles. single celled

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Prescott's Microbiology - Chapter 1, CH.1 microbiology review Flashcards | Quizlet

Eukaryotic cells

larger
more complex
nucleus
membrane bound organelles

3 domains of life

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Domain bacteria

single celled
cell wall with peptidoglycan
no nucleus
ubiquitous

Cyanobacteria

Bacteria that can carry out photosynthesis
produce oxygen

Domain Archaea

unique rRNA sequences and membrane lipids
lack of peptidoglycan in cell wall
unusual metabolic characteristics

Domain Eukarya

protists, fungi, plants, animals

LUCA

-the Last Universal Common Ancestor, which is
placed at the origin of the phylogenetic tree, shows
that bacteria and archaea evolved independent of
each other because it is on the bacterial branch

strain

-consists of descendants of a single, pure microbial
culture

Bacteria and Archaea

don't reproduce sexually and are considered strains

tools used to study

microscopes

microorganisms

culture techniques
molecular genetics
genomics

Francesco Stelluti

observed bees and weevils between 1625-1630

Robert Hooke (1665)

Discovered cells
published drawings of the fungus Mucor in his book

Anthony van Leeuwenhoek

first person to observe and describe microorganism
accurately using microscope (1632-1723)

spontaneous generation

Hypothesis stating that life could arise from nonlivin
matter.

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Prescott's Microbiology - Chapter 1, CH.1 microbiology review Flashcards | Quizlet

Francesco Redi

disproved spontaneous generation
showed that maggots don't arise from decaying me

John Needham(1713-1781)

-he put broth in flasks -> boiled -> sealed it
-later, the broth contained microorganisms
-showed that microorganisms don't grow from eggs

Lazaro Spallanzani

1729-1799
•put water and seeds in flasks ,sealed it then boiled
•Results: no growth of microorganisms.

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

Swan-neck flask' experiments
-placed nutrient solution in swan-neck flasks
-boiled the solutions
-left flasks exposed to air
Results: no growth of microorganisms

John Tyndall experiment

-demonstrated that dust carries microorganisms
- provided evidence for the existence of heatresistant forms of bacteria

Ferdinand Cohn (1828-1898)

heat resistant bacteria could produce endospores

Agostino Bassi

showed that a disease of silkworms was caused by a
fungus

M.J. Berkeley

demonstrated that the great Potato Blight of Ireland
was caused by a water mold

Heinrich de Bary

showed that smut and rust fungi caused cereal crop
diseases

Louis Pasteur on

demonstrated that microorganisms carried out

microorganisms and disease

fermentations

(1822-1895)

Pasteruization

used in processing milk products, fruit juices,
beer,wine.
kill pathogens to reduce food spoilage

Jospeh Lister

created antiseptic surgery system

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Prescott's Microbiology - Chapter 1, CH.1 microbiology review Flashcards | Quizlet

discovered how antiseptics prevent infection

Robert Koch (1843-1910)

-demonstrated the germ theory
-Identified cause of anthrax, TB, and cholera
-Developed pure culture methods

Koch's Postulates

rules for proving that a microorganism causes a
specific disease.

Koch's work led to discovery or

-agar

development of:

-Petri dishes
-nutrient broth and nutrient agar
-methods for isolating microorganisms

Charles Chamberland (1851-

-developed porcelain bacterial filters to study

1908)

tobacco mosaic disease
determined that extracts from diseased plants had
infectious agents present
infectious agents were eventually shown to be virus

Emil von Behring (1854-1917)

developed antitoxins for diphtheria

and Shibasaburo Kitasato (18521931)

Elie Metchnikoff (1845-1916)

-first person to discover phagocytosis
- bacteria-engulfing, phagocytic cells in blood
-evidence for cellular immunity

Sergei Winogradsky and

Studied soil microorganisms and discovered

Martinus Beijerinck

metabolic processes (e.g., nitrogen fixation)
Pioneered use of enrichment cultures & selective
media

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