Bài thuyết trình về Công nghệ sinh học (Tiếng Anh)

BIOTECHNOLOGY
TEACHER: NGUYỄN THỊ HIỀN
STUDENT:
Cao thị thanh Mai (505301040)
Nguyễn bá Minh (505301042)
Phạm thị Minh (505301043)
Trần thị Mỹ (505301044)
Bùi thanh Nga (505301045)
Văn thị minh Nguyệt (505301047)
Đỗ hồng Quân (505301049)
Võ mạnh Quang (505301050)
Chu thị xuân Quỳnh (505301051)
Hoàng nữ lệ Quyên (505301052)
HANOI,2007

WHAT’S BIOTECHNOLOGY?????

Biotechnology is technology based on biology, especially
when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine.

Biotechnology combines disciplines like genetics,
molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology and cell
biology, which are in turn linked to practical disciplines like
chemical engineering, information technology, and
robotics

Biotechnology has contributed towards the exploitation of
biological organisms or biological processes through
modern techniques, which could be profitably used in
medicine, agriculture, animal husbandry and

environmental cloning

History of biotechnology

The most practical use of biotechnology, which is still
present today, is the cultivation of plants to produce food
suitable to humans. Agriculture has been theorized to
have become the dominant way of producing food since
the Neolithic Revolution.

The processes and methods of agriculture have been
refined by other mechanical and biological sciences since
its inception. Through early biotechnology farmers were
able to select the best suited and highest-yield crops to
produce enough food to support a growing population

. Since as early as 200 BC, people began to use disabled
or minute amounts of infectious agents to immunize
themselves against infections.


In 1917, Chaim Weizmann first used a pure
microbiological culture in an industrial process,
that of manufacturing corn starch using
Clostridium acetobutylicum to produce acetone,
which the United Kingdom desperately needed
to manufacture explosives during WorldWar1

The field of modern biotechnology is thought to
have largely began on June 16, 1980, when the

United States Supreme Court ruled that a
genetically-modified microorganism could be
patented in the case of Diamond v. Chakrabarty

Application

Biotechnology has applications in four
major industrial areas, including health
care, crop production and agriculture, non
food uses of crops and environmental
uses.

Biotechnology is also used to recycle,
treat waste, clean up sites contaminated
by industrial activities (bioremediation),
and also to produce biological weapons.


Red biotechnology is applied to medical processes. Some
examples are the designing of organisms to produce
antibiotics, and the engineering of genetic cures through
genomic manipulation.

White biotechnology also known as grey biotechnology, is
biotechnology applied to industrial processes.

Green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to
agricultural processes.

The term blue biotechnology has also been used to

describe the marine and aquatic applications of
biotechnology, but its use is relatively rare.