(Luận văn thạc sĩ) quá trình khôi phục và phát triển hệ thống tổ chức đảng trong cách mạng việt nam thời kỳ 1939 1945

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI
TRUONCii DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN

IRAN IRONC; THO

QUA TRINH KHOI PHUC VA PHAT TRIEN HE THONG
TO CHirC DANG TRONG CACH MANG VIET NAM
THOil KY 1939-1945
Chuyen iiganh: LICH SU DANG CONG
Ma so
: 50316

SAN

VIET NAM

LUAN VAN THAC SY KHOA HOC LICH Slf

NGUOl ni/ONG DAN KHOA HOC

PGS. Le Mau Ilan

GiA HA, NHI I

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Ha N61. 2002


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Tac gia luan van

Tra/z Trgng Th

MUCLUC

Trang
4

M 6 DAU
Chuong I:

CHONG K H O N G B 6 , TLTNG B l / d c PHUC HOI
HE THONG TO CHLfC DANG (9-1939 -1942)

1.1. Chinh sach va hanh dong dan ap cua chinh quyen thuoc
dia doi voi nhiing ngucfi cong san Viet Nam. Nhung tdn
that Ion ciia Dang ta,

1.2. Riitvao hoat dong bi mat, bao ve he thong to chiic Dang.
1.3. Chang khung bo tring, tiing buoc khoi phuc he thong to
chiic Dang.
Chuong H: DAY MANH KHOI PHUC, P H A T TRIEN VA KIEN TOAN
HE THONG TO CHLTC DANG (1943 - 8-1945)

2.1. Diy manh khoi phuc he thong to chiic Dang
2.2. Gip nit tang cu5ng thong nha't kien toan he thong
td chiic Dang tren pham vi ca nude.

14

14

22
33

54

54
74

Chuong m : PHl/ONG THlTC, VAI TRO VA MOT SO BAI HOC
KINH NGHIEM KHOI PHUC, PHAT TRIEN HE THONG
TO CHLTC DANG (1939-1945).

97

3.1. Phuong thiic khoi phuc va xay dung he thong td chiic
Dang.

3.2. Vai tro cua cong tac xay dung he thong td chiic doi voi
su lanh dao ciia Dang.
3.3. Mot sobai hoc kinh nghiem.

97

KETLUAN

Danh muc tai Heu tham khao
Phu luc

•

100
104
110

112


MO DAU
1, Tinh cap thiet cua de tai,
1.1. Trong lich sir dafu tranh each mang ciia Dang cong san Viet Nam
hon 70 nam qua, thoi ky 1939-1945 la hon nira thap ky the hien dam net ban
Imh each mang kien cucmg, siic song manh liet, tri tue sang tao, sir truong
thanh vuot bac ciia Dang ta ca ve tu duy each mang, nang luc td ehue thuc
hien iSn he thong td chiic. Chinh vi c6 duong loi diing dan, doc lap tu chii, c6
siic chien dau cap, Dang ta da lanh dao nhan dan ta d^p tan xieng xich thuc
dan, phat xit, lat do nen quan chii thoi nat, gianh doc lap, tu do, mo duong cho
sU phat trien.

Tai Dai hoi dai bieu toan qudc Ian thii hai ciia Dang (2-1951),Chii tich
Ho Chi Minh khdng dinh: "Do su lanh dao sang suot va kien quyet ciia Dang,
do siic doan ket va hang hai ciia toan dan trong va ngoai Mat tran Viet Minh,
cuoc Cach mang thang Tam da thing loi (...). C h ^ g nhung giai cap lao dong
va nhan dan Viet Nam ta c6 the tu hao, ma giai cap lao dong va nhung dan toe
bi ap biic nod khac cung c6 the tu hao r ^ g : Ian nay la Ian dau tien trong lich six
each mang ciia cac dan toe thuoc dia va nira thuoc dia, mot dang moi 15 tudi
da lanh dao each mang thanh cong, da ndm chinh quyen toan quoc" [130, tr 159].
Tliuc tien lanh dao ciia Dang trong qua trinh van dong each mang 19391945 rat phong phii, c6 y nghia het siic to Ion nen dii da c6 nhieu tac gia quan
tam nghien ciiu, tim hieu song cho den nay vdn con nhieu van de, iiliieu
phuong dien chua dugc lam sang to hoac luan giai thau dao. Trong do, van de
td chiic Dang, vai tro, vi tri ciia no trong toan bo qua trinh Dang lanh dao, chi
dao, td chiic cong cuoc chuan bi va thuc hien tdng khdi nghIa gianh chinh
quyen can tiep tuc nghien ciiu toan dien, c6 he thong.
1.2. Trong dieu kien hoat dong bi mat, chua ndm cliinh quyen, viec xay
dung, cung c6, kien toan he thong td chiic Dang dong vai tro rat quan trong doi
vai su thanh bai ciia each mang. Khi Dang da c6 duong loi cliinh tri diing dan,
duoc soi roi bcri he tu nrong khoa hoc va each mang la chii nghIa Mac-Lenin va


tu tuong Ho Chi Minh, thi c6 the noi, cimg voi tao dung doi ngQ can bo, viec
xdy dung duac he thong td chiic thong nhat va rong khdp la mot khau quyet
dinh siic chien da'u va nang luc chi dao thuc tien cua Dang. Trong cuoc van
dong chuan bi khoi nghia vii trang 1939-1945, chinh nhof khoi phuc va phat
trien he thong td chiic, bam chdc tren moi dia ban, g ^ chat voi quan chiing
yen nuac va each mang. Dang ta da bien chii truong, duong loi each mang giai
phong dan toe thanh phong trao dau tranh soi dong ciia cac tang lop nhan dan,
tao dung duac mot doi quan chinh tri hiing hau, mot luc luong vu trang lam
nong cot, chop thoi ccf phat dong va lanh dao cuoc tdng khoi nghia gianh chinh
quyen thing loi tren pham vi toan qudc voi mot tdc do hiem thay trong lich sir

each mang cac nudfc tren the gidi.
Nghien ciiu mot each toan dien, c6 he thong nham tai hien lai qua trinh
khoi phuc va phat trien he thong td chiic Dang de k h ^ g dinh vai tro lanli dao
toan dien va tuyet doi cua Dang; nghe thuat chuan bi luc luong cho khoi nglila
vu trang; su chu dong sang tao, linh hoat ciia cac cap bo trong tao dung co
quan lanh dao each mang, diic nit nhiing kinh nghiem ve xay dung, bao ve td
chiic Dang; bac bo nhiing l u ^ dieu xuyen tac, nhiing nhan dinh sai lac, thien
kien ve vai tro lanh dao cua Dang trong each mang Viet Nam thoi ky 19391945 la mot viec lam can thiet.
2, Lich su nghien curu van de,
D^y la van de da duoc de cap a nhiing miic do, pham vi va goc do khac
nhau qua cac cong trinh nghien ciiu lich su Dang, lich sir dan toe, a cac ca
quan nghien ciiu trung uong va dia phuong. No cung duoc mot so nha nghien
ciiu nu6c ngoai, hoac nguoi Viet Nam d nude ngoai xem xet.
Tuy nliien, do nhieu nguyen nhan, trong do cd quan diem va phuong
phap ngliien ciiu lich su Dang nen van de nay chua duac quan tam nghien cuu
nhieu, chua duac dat diing vi tri cua no.
2.1. Nhiing cong trinh nghien ciiu ca ban ciia Ban nghien ciiu lich sii
Dang Tmng uong (nay la VienLich sir Dang) nhu: "NTiihig sir kien Ijch su
Dang" tap I (1920-1945) [29]; "Lich su Dang cong san Viet Nam (satliao)'


tap I (1920-1954) [31]... khi de cflp den vfo de td chiic Dang da neu len chu
truong chi dao ciia Dang va nhan sir a mot vai hoi nghi Trung uong.
Mot sd giao tnnh v^ lich sir Dang ciia Tiirdng chuyen khoa lich su Dang, ciia
Ti-udng Dang cao cap Nguyin Ai Qudc (nay la Hoc vien Chinh Ui qudc gia Ho Chi
Minh), cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao nliu Bai giang lich su Dang cong san Viel Nam",
tap I (1930-1945) [228];"Lich su Dang cong san Viet Nam" tap I (1920-1954),
chuong trinh cao cap [226]; "De cuang bai giang Lich sir Dang cong san Viet
Nam dung trongcactrudngdcii hpc[248]. LjchsirDangcOngsanVictNamfde cuang
bai giang diing ti'ong cac trudng dai hoc va cao ding tii nam 1991-1992)" [58]... khi

tiinli bay thdi ky 1939-1945 da dua ra nhung nhan xet chung va kliai luoc mang tinh
tdng ket kinh nghiem ve van de nay.
Trong mot sd^ach chuyen khao va tim hieu v^ Ijch sir Dang nhu "Dang
cong san Viet Nam, cac dai hoi va hoi nghi Trung uong" [126] cung c6 de cap
den ca cau td chirc cua Ban chap hanh Trung uong.
Nhin chung ve phuong dien td chiic Dang, nliiing cong trinli noi tren
mdi dimg lai d viec neu chii truong chi dao ciia Dang, nhung kinh nghiem
chung ve xdy dung td chiic, tlianli phin nhan sir ciia Ban chSp hanli Trung
uong. He thd^ng td chiic Dang tir cSp xii den cap ca sd chua duac de cap;
phuong phap gay dung td chiic Dang chua duac trinli bay, thanh phan ciia Ban
chap hanh Trung uong cung chua the noi la duac tim liieu d£y dii va thau dao.

Trong nhiing nam gan day, titn Tap chi Lich su Dang - di^n dan khoa hoc
cua nganh Lich sir Dang toan qudc, xuat hien nhieu bai nghien ciiu ve cac xii uy, ve
sir klioi phuc, kien toan cua Dang bo Bic Ky, Tmng Ky va Nam Ky, ve he thong
Dang cap tinh, thanh, ve td chiic Dang d mot sd dia phuong trong thdi ky 19391945. Cac bai viet nay da cung cap nhiing tu lieu mdi, dat ra nhiing van de mdi va
nhung danli gia mdi ve he thdng td chiic Dang. Tuy nliien, trong kliuon khd han hep
cua mot bai tap chi, cac bai viet chu y^u ti'inh bay nhiing net di^n bien cliinh, sd lieu
tdng hop chii kliong di sau phan tich cu the ve timg cap bo cOng nhu ve phuong
phap, each tliiic hay bai hoc kinli nghiem ve xay dung, bao toan va phat trien he
thdng td chiic Dang trong thdi ky nay.


2.2. Tir thang 9-1962 khi Ban bi thu Tmng uong ra thong tu sd 97 ve
viec thanh lap ban nghien ciiu lich sir Dang cac khu, tinh thiinh cho den nay^
hau het cac tinh, thanh trong ca nude da hoan thanh viec nghien ciiu, bien soan
va xuat ban lich sii Dang bo cap tinh; lich sir Dang bo cap huyen, xa, phuong
Cling dugc quan tam nghien ciiu. Theo sd lieu ciia Vien Lich sir Dang, tinli den
cudi nam 1996, toan qudc da xuat ban lich sii Dang bo cap tinh dugc 446
cudn; cap huyen, quan dugc 459 cudn, cap xa dugc 564 cudn [239]. Nhiing

nam gan day cong tac nghien ciiu lich sir Dang bo dia phuong cang dugc day
manh. Cac tinh sau khi chia tach dang tien hanh bien soan lai hoac bien soan
chinh thiic. Nhiing cong trinh nay da nghien ciiu sau ve qua trinh Dang bo dia
phuong lanh dao phong trao each mang 1939-1945, trong do cd van de td chiic.
Nhiing cudn lich sir Dang bo noi tren tuy da neu len mot each cu the he
thdng td chiic Dang d dia phuong thdi ky 1939-1945 song chi d pham vi timg
tinh; nhiing ca quan lanh dao c^p tren nhu Uen tinh uy, xii uy... rat it dugc
phan anh, sir lien ket ve mat td chiic giira cac dia phuong chua dugc tim hieu
day dii; khong neu dugc nhiing van de phuong phap

ve xay dung td chiic

Dang thdi ky nay. Mat khac, nhieu cudn lich su Dang bo dia phuong van chua
phan anh day dii sir phat trien td chirc Dang d ngay dia phuong minh, mot sd
su kien con thieu chuan xac; nhieu van de quan trong con chua de cap, chua
giai quyet thau dao hoac con dang tranh luan hay xac minli. Qiang han nhu c6
hay khong Lien tinh Cao-Bdc-Lang; nguyen nhan chia re ve mat td chiic d cac
Dang bo Nam Ky, tinh trang thieu doan ket, nhat tri trong noi bo Dang tai mot
sd tinh d Nam Tmng Ky thdi gian dau sau ngay 9-3-1945...
2.3. Mot sdcong trinh viet ve Cach mang thang Tam (ciing la noi dung
ciia thdi ky van dong each mang 1939-1945) ciing da de cap it nliieu deii he
thdng td chiic ciia Dang thdi ky nay. Cd the neu len nhiing cong trinh tieu bieu
nhu "Cach mang thang Tam - Tdng khdi nghia d Ha Noi va cac dia phuong"
[245], 'Tdng klidi nghia thang Tam 1945" [242],''Lich sir Cach mang thang
Tam 1945 [241]... Hai tac pham "Cach miuig thang Tam - Toiig klidi nghia d
Ha Noi va cac dia phuang", "Tdng khdi nghia thang Tam 1945", c6 de cap den
to chiic Dang d cac tinh nhung rat sa luge va chii yeu chi neu ten cac co quan
lanh dao cap tinh ma khong di sau vao ca ca'u td chiic. Cudn "Lich sir Cach

mang tliang Tam 1945" cd phan anh ve he thdng td chiic Dang d Nam Ky va
Tmng Ky trong nhiing nam 1939-1945 song cung chi co tinh chat diem qua,
nhieu diem con phai tham dinh lai va thieu han phdn Bac Ky.
C) mot pham vi hep hon, mot sd chuyen khao nghien ciiu ve thdi ky Cach
mang thang Tam hay ve khang chien d cac khu vuc ciing da phan anh d miic
do khac nhau ve td chiic Dang trong thdi ky 1939-1945. Co the ke den nliimg
tac pham nhu: "Can cii dia Viet Bac (trong cuoc each mang thang Tam 1945)"
[141], "Nam Tmng bo khang chien, 1945-1975" [177], "Lich sir cuoc khang
chien chdng thuc dan Phap khu Ta Ngan song Hong" [136], "Khu 5 - 3 0 nam
chien tranh giai phdng (1945-1975)", tap I [147] "Quan khu 9 - 30 nam khang
chien (1945-1975)" [59] "Quan khu 8 - Ba muai nam khang chieii (19451975)" [ 104]; "Quan khu 4, Lich sir khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap xam
luge (1945-1954)" [195]... Day la nhung cong trinh co gia tri khoa hoc, song
lai mang tinh khu vuc, trgng tam nhieu cudn lai la hai cuoc khang cliien 19451975 nen qua trinh van dong each mang thdi ky 1939-1945 chi ludt qua, sir
khao ciiu ve td chiic ca sdDang, dang vien do do ciing ra't so luge.
Trong mot sd chuyen khao ve cac nha tii, noi chinh quyen thuoc dia
giam giii, day ai cac chien si cong san, nhiing can bg cot can cua Dang, nhu:
"Lich sir nha day Buon Ma Thugt (1930-1945)" [222], "Nguc Son La, tnrdng
hoc dau tranh each mang" [240]; "Dau tranh ciia cac chien si yeu nude va each
mang tai nha tii Hoa L6" [ 198], "Nha tii C6n Dao (1862-1975)" [5] cung pliAn
anh ve xay dung ca sd Dang trong tii, mdi quan he giira co sd Dang trong tii
vdi he thdng td chiic ca sdDang ben ngoai...
2.4. Trong nhieu cong trinh viet ve cac lanh tu hay ky yeu hoi thao ve
cac lanh tu, cac dong chi lao thanh each mang ciing phan anh ve bg may td
chiic, nhan sir ciia Dang, nhat la d cap trung uong va cap xur trong thdi ky
1939-1945. Cd the ke den mot sd cong trinh nhu: "Dong chi Truong Qiinli",
tap I [229], tap n [249]; "Truong Chinh, con ngudi ciia que huong" [227];
Dong chi Sao do Nguyen Luang Bang" [110], "Dong chi Le Hong Phong"
[204] , "Nguyen Van Cir, mot ngudi lanh dao xuat sac ciia Dang" [193],
"Hoang Van Tliu, ngudi cong san kien tmng bat kha't" [128]; "Dong chi Phan

Dang Luu" [199], "Phan Dang Liru, tieu sir, tac pham" [206]."Ddi hoat dong
each mang ciia dong chi Luang Van Tri" [113]...; mot sd ky yeu hoi thao nhu:
"Dong chi Le Hong Phong, mot lanh tu xuat sdc ciia Dang" [244]; "Nguyen
Van Cir, mot Tdng bi thu toan nang cua Dang" [246]; "Dai tudng Nguyen Qii
Thanh, Nha chinh tri quan su l6i lac cua Dang" [243], "Than the va sir nghiep
dong chi Hoang Qudc Viet" [235].., Ngoai ra con cd hang chuc bai viet ve cac
lanh tu ciia Dang dugc dang tai tren cac tap chi, nhat laTapchl Lich sir Dang.
Cac cong trinh noi tren khi de cap den td chiic ca sd Dang con tan man, chua
cd he thdng.
2.5. Mot sd nha nghien ciiu, su hoc tren the gidi nhu: Charles Foumiau
[115], Furuta Motoo

[171], Yves Gras [123], Archimedes L.A.Parti [192],

Stein Tonesson [265], David G. Marr [259], Huynh Kim Khanh [142]... khi
nghien cihi ve Viet Nam, ve Cach mang thang Tam, ve Dang cong san Viet
Nam.... da cd nhiing quan diem nhin nhan, danh gia ve mat td chiic ciia Dang
cong san Viet Nam trong thdi ky 1939-1945.
Nhin chung cac tac gia danh gia cao tinh cha't chat che ve mat td chiic,
ciia Dang cong san Viet Nam, coi day la diem vugt trgi ciia Dang so voi cac
dang phai chinh tri khac d Viet Nam hoac do ngudi Viet Nam td chiic d nude
ngoai trong thdi gian nay. Mot sd tac gia khang dinh vai tro ciia cong tac td
chiic ddi vdi su tdn tai va su lanh dao ciia Dang. Chang han nhu: Charles
Foumiau viet: "Cach mang thang Tam da chiing td ro rang cu the rang mot
cuoc each mang dan tgc dan chii mudn thanh cong, phai do mot dang Mac xit
Leninm't lanh dao, cd mot tu tudng khoa hgc hudng dan, dua vao mot sd td
chiic chat che va dua vao nhixng chien si tmng thanh cd kha nang tap hop toan
the dan tgc xung quanh minh" [115] hay nhu Fumta Motoo cho rang: "Dii cd
su chenh lech Idn ve su manh yeu ciia td chiic d cac vung cua Dang cong san

Dong Duong nhung tinh toan qudc nay ciia cuoc each mag thang Tam da m:ing deii
cho nuoc Viet Nam dan chii cong hoa tinli chinh thdng" [171, tr 127].
Tuy nhien cac tac gia neu tren khong di sau khao ciiu ve he thdng td
chiic ciia Dang mot each toan dien. Mat khac, cd le do lap tmdng quan diam,
do phuong phap nghien ciiu, do khong tim hieu tha'u dao ve he tjidng td chuc


10
ciia Dang va hoat dong ciia no, nen co nliung tac gia dua ra nliimg nhan dinh
sai lech vdi thuc tien lich sir. Vi nhu David Marr cho rang: "trong nhung giai
doan dau, tir thang Ba den thang Sau (nam 1945 - T.T.T), Dang cong san Dong
Duong chi la mot trong nhung luc lugng tao nen sir thay ddi" [259, tr 2] hay
"Trong quan he hanli dong, do su bat luc ciia nhung ngudi lanli dao Dang va
Viet Minh d mien Bac trong viec gay dung lai mdi lien lac vdi cac dong chi d
mien Nam xa xoi nen da dSn den nhiing khac biet dang chii y ve chien luge va
sach luge" [259, tr 8]. Con trong chuyen khao "The Vietnamese revolution of
1945", Stein Tonnesson lai cho ring nhom "Giai Phdng" (tiic la He thdng td
chiic Dang d Nam Ky co bao "Giai Phong" lam ca quan ngon luan - TT.T) la
"dich thii" ciia he thdng td chiic Dang do Trdn Van Giau chi dao [256, tr 414].
Nha sir hgc, tudng Yves Gras lai dong nha't Dang cong san Dong Duong vdi
Viet Minh, cho rang td chiic Viet Minh cung la td chiic Dang [123]. Nliung
nhan dinh nhu tren da dugc trao ddi [215, tr 68-70], [205, tr 125], [202, tr 4246], [ 195, tr 68-70]; can phai tiep tuc thao luan vdi tu duy khach quan, khoa hgc.
Nhu vay, cho den nay, chua c6 mot cong trinh nao nghien ciiu mot each
toan dien, cd he thdng va cd tinh khai quat cao ve qua trinh khoi phuc, phat
trien he thdng td chiic Dang trong thdi ky 1939-1945.
Tuy miic do lien quan den de tai luanvanco khac nliau, nhiing cong trinli
neu tren la ca sd quan trgng de tac gia tham khao va ke thira trong viec thu
thap, xir ly ngudn su Ueu va phuang phap luan vao qua trinli thuc hien de tai.
3. Muc dich va nhiem vu ciia luan van
3. J. Muc dich:

Phan anh mot each toan dien he thdng toim bo qua trinh khoi phuc va
phat trien he thdng td chiic cua Dang tir Tmng uang xudng ca sd trong thdi ky
tir 1939-1945.
3.2, Nhieni vu:
Lam ro nliung chii truong va bien phap khoi phuc, phat trien he thdng to
chiic Dang ciia cac caquan lanh daoTrunguong va dia phuong.


11
Lam ro qua trinh khoi phuc he thdng td chiic Dang tir Trung uong den
ca sd tir 1939 den 1945 (bao gdm ca bg may lanh dao va he thdng td chiic ca
sd Diing).
Phcin tich nliiing dac diem ciia he thdng td chiic Dang trong thdi ky nay;
each thiic khoi phuc, phat trien td chiic Dang, nhimg uu diem va han che ciia
qua trinh khoi phuc, phat trien do, neu len nhiing kinh ngliiem cd y nghia ly
luan va thuc tien.
4. Ddi tuong va pham vi nghien ciiu ciia luan vfui
4.1.Ddi tugng nghien ciiu ciia luan van la sir khoi phuc, phat trien ciia he
thdng td chiic Dang tren toan qudc, tir Ban chap hanli Trung uong den cac xii
Dang bg Bdc Ky, Trung Ky, Nam Ky, xudng cac lien tinli bg (khu bo)^ tinli
bg, huyen bg, tdng bg, chi bg, ca sdDang hi 1939 den 1945.
4.2. Pham vi ngliien ciiu: Luan van trinh bay qua trinh khoi phuc, phat
trien Dang tren pham vi ca nude thdi ky 1939-1945.
5. Ca sd ly luan, nguon tai lieu va phuang phap nghien ciiu.
5.7. Pc/sdly

luan.

Tac gia luan van dua vao quan diem duy vat va phep bien chiing cua chu
nglila Mac-Lenin, tu tuong Ho Chi Minh va nhung quan diem ciia Dang ve xay

dung Dang lam ca sd ly luan cho viec nghien ciiu.
5.2. Nguon tai lieu.
Thuc hien luan van,tac gia chu yeu sir dung nliimg ngudn tu lieu sau: cac
nghi quyet, chi tlii, bao cao ciia Trung uong, ciia Xii uy da dugc cong bd trong
cac cudn Van kien Dang; tu lieu trong cac sach lich sir Dang bg cac tinh, thanh
plid va mot sd tlii xa, quan, huyen trong ca nude.
Ngudn tai lieu khai thac tai Cue luu trtr Van phong Trung uong Dang,
Phong tu lieu Vien Lich sir Dang, Phong tu lieu ciia Tieu ban nghien cuu lich
sir Dang thuoc Biui Tu tudng-Van hoa Tlianli uy - Tliimh phd Ho Chi Minii:
Tieu ban nghien ciiu lich. sir Dang thuoc BaiiTuyen giao Tinli uy Nghe An, tu
lieu ciia Ban each miuig dan tgc dan chu Vien Lich sir Dang, tu lieu cua mot sd


12
ca nhan... Ket qua ciia viec suu tdni kliai thac da dem lai cho tac gia mot khdi
lugng sir lieu: nghi quyet, chi thj, bao cao, bien ban ciia Trung uong, ciui cac
xii uy, tinh uy; mot sd bai phat bieu, bai viet, hoi ky,bien ban toa dam ciia cac
lao thanh each mang, cac dong chi nguyen la lanh dao cao ca'p ciia Diing ve
va'n de td chiic Dang thdi ky 1939-1945; mot sd tai lieu ciia cac ca quan trail
ap va cac quan chuc chinh quyen thuoc dia co lien quan den td chuc Dang.
Nhihig tai lieu tren hdu het chua dugc cong bd, Ddi vdi loai hoi ky vatai lieu cua
mat thiim Phap tiic gia rat than tigng va can nhac trong viec sir dung.
Tac gia cung tham khao nhiing bai nghien ciiu, nhiing hoi ky co lien
quan den luan van da dugc cong bd trong cac cudn sach, cac ky yeu hoi thao
khoa hgc, trongTap chi Lich sir Dang,T;ap chi Xua va Nay; bao Nhan dan va
mot sd bao dia phuong.
Trong luanvar^tac gia da trich dan va sir dung 161 dau sach, biio tap chi,
75 don vi tai lieu con d dang luu trir, 29 hoi ky, bai viet ciia ciic nhan chung
lich sir chua cong bd.
5.3. Phifcmg phap nghien ciixi.

Trong luanvantac gia sir dung phuong phap lich sir va phuang phap logic
de tiii hien lai sir klioi phuc va phat trien he thdng td chiic Ding. Dong thdi tiic
gia cung sir dung phuong phap thdng ke, phuang phap so saiih, ddi chieu de
dinli luang cac td chiic Dang, de so sanh su phat trien ciia td chiic ca sd Diing
giua Ciic viing mien vdi nhau, giira thdi ky nay vdi thdi ky kliac.
6. Dong gup khoa hoc ciia luan van
6.1. Ve tulieu:
Suu tiim, bd sung them mot budc de xay dung mot he thdng tu lieu
tuong ddi hoan cliinli ve he thdng td chirc ca sd Dang trong thdi ky lich su
Dang 1939-1945; trong do co them nhiing tu lieu mdi, co giii trj.
6.2. Ve noi dung.
Dung lai mot ciich toan dien, cd he thdng qua trinh khoi phuc va ph:it
trien he thdng td chuc Dang trong Ciich mang Viet Nam thoi ky 1939-1945.


13
Thdng ke sd lugng td chirc ca sd Dang, dang vien tren toiin qudc tai
nhung thdi diem quan trgng (1939, 1945).
Lam ro cac phuang phap, ciich thiic khoi phuc, xay dung kien toan he
thdng td chuc Dang trong thdi ky nay.
Dua ra mot sd nhan dinh chung ve he thdng td chiic Dang thdi ky 19391945, nh& manh tinh tich cue chu dong, linh hoat cua cac cap bg Dang trong
cong tac xay dung^bao ve,phat trien td chiic Dang; nhan dinh mot sd van de cu
the nhu sir chia re ve mat td chiic cua Dang bg Nam Ky; sir thieu vdng co* quan
lanh dao chung d Tmng Ky, nhihig lech lac trong nhan thiic ve bao ve td chuc
cua Xii uy Bdc Ky trong nam 1941.
?• ^ nghia thuc ti6n ciia de tai.
7.1. Ket qua nghien ciru ciia luan

vangop phdn vao viec nghien ciiu,

giang day lich sir Dang ndi chung va lich sir Cach mang thiing Tiim 1945 mot
each toan dien, sau sac.
7.2. Ket qua ngliien ciiu ciia luan van ciing se ggi ra nhung suy iiglil co
the van dung trong cong tac xay dung, chinh don Dang trong cong cuoc ddi
mdi hien nay.

•

8. Bd cue ciia luan van
Luan van dugc trinh bay trong 111 trang, chia lam: Phan md dau, 3
chuong va ket luan. Ngoai ra luanvancon cd danh muc tai lieu thiim khao (gom
265 don vi tai Ueu) va phan phu luc (9 phu luc).

*


14
Chucmg I
CHONG KHUNG BO, TLfNG BL/6c PHUC HOI HE THONG
TO CHLfC DANG (1939 -1942)
1.1. Chinh sach va hanh dong dan ap ciia chinh quyen thuoc dia ddi
vdi nhung ngudi cong san Viet Nam. Nhumg tdn that Idn cua Dang ta.
Tiardc khi chien tranh the gidi Ian thii hai nd ra, he thdng td chiic cua
Dang cong san Viet Nam da hinh thanh tren pham vi ca nude. Dugc xac lap
vao nam 1930, vugt qua su khung bd ciia ke thu nhiing nam 1931-1934, trai
qua qua trinh khoi phuc va phat triln nhiing nam 1935-1939, den thang 91939, he thdng td chiic Dang da dugc xay dung d 52/69 tinh, thanh phd, khu tu
tri tren toan qudc, hai tinh co dang vien hoat dong song chua cd td chiic Dang.
Bo may lanh dao gdm 1 Ban Tiling uong; 3 xii uy d Bac Ky, Trung Ky, Nam
Ky; 4 Lien tinh uy va 1 khu uy d Nam Ky; 2 lien tinh uy d Nam Trung Ky va
Bac Trung Ky; 35 tinh, thanh uy va ban can su Dang true tiep chi dao trong

cac dia phuong d ba ky.
Den thang 2-1939, sd lugng dang vien d Viet Nam la 2064 dong-chi,
trong do Nam Ky cd 1095 dang vien; Ti'ung Ky co 665 dang vien; Bac Ky co
252 dang vien va 52 dong chi ngudi Trung Qudc [38].
Su hinh thanh, khoi phuc va phat trien ciia he thdng td chiic Dang trong
mot thap ky da dat nen tang quan trgng ve lire lugng lanh dao, ve can bo cung
nhu de lai nhiing kinh nghiem qui bau trong xay dung td chiic Dang cho giai
doan sau.
Tuy nhien trong qua trinh do, cong tac xay dung td chiic cua Dang ciing
cd han che. Trong Bao cao chinh tri tai Dai hoi dai bieu toan qudc Ian thii hai
cua Dang (2-1951), Chii tich Ho Chi Minh da chi ro: thdi ky 1936-1939 "Dang
lanh dao khong that sat, cho nen nhieu noi can bo pham phai benh hep hoi,
benh cong khai, say sua vi thang Igi bg phan ma xao lang viec cung cd td chiic
bi mat ciia Dang [...]. Den khi mat tran hinh dan ben Phap thai bai. chien tranh


15
the gidi Ian thii hai bat dau, thi phong trao mat tran dan chu d nude ta cQng bi
thuc dan Phap dan ap va Dang ta cung bdi rdi mot hoi" [102, tr 15-16].
Ngay 1-9-1939, quan doi phat xit Diic tari cong Ba Lan; hai ngay sau
ciing vdi Anh, Phap trong hen minh quan sir vdi Ba Lan, tuyen chien vdi Diic.
Chien tranh the gidi lan thii hai chinh thiic bimg nd. Ngay 26-9-1939, lay cd
Dang cong san Phap ung ho Lien X6 ky hiep udc khong xam pham vdi Diic
(23-8-1939), Tdng thdng Phap ra sdc lenh giai tan Dang cong san va cac nhom
gan vdi Dang, bat va hanli hinh nhieu ngudi cong san.
6 Dong Duong, chinh quyen thuoc dia thi hanh nhung chinh sach cue
ky phan dong. Chiing phat xit hoa bg may thdng tri, thing tay dan ap phong
trao each mang ciia nhan dan ta; ban bd lenh tdng dong vien, thuc hien cliinh
sach kinh te thdi chien nham tang cudng va vet siic ngudi siic ciia d D6n«
Duong phuc vu cho chien tranh de qudc.

Da cd 10 nam kinh nghiem khung bd va tran ap nhiing ngudi cong san d
Dong Duong, chinh quyen thuoc dia hieu ro Dang cong san Dong Duong la
lire lugng chinh tri chii yeu de doa quyen thdng tri cua chiing d thuoc dia giau
cd nay. Ngay 20-8-1939, Thdng tudng Catom (Catroux), mot tay thuc dan lao
luyen da timg hanh sir d Bic Phi va Tmng Dong, dugc phong lam Toan quyen
Dong Duong thay "quan van" Brevie (Brevie).Tdi Dong Duong, Catom da lap
tiic chii y tdi tinh "dang sg" ciia nhiing ngudi cong san. Gan 20 nam sau, vien
Toan quyen nay viet: "Ve phuang dien noi tri nude Phap se khong gap mot ke
ddi lap nao, mot sire nao chdng lai su co mat cua quyen bao ho ciia nude Phap,
ne*u trong bi mat va bat hgp phap khong co mot Dang cong san hoat dong va
cd td chiic" [120, tr 468]. Chi hai ngay sau khi Tdng thdng Phap ban hanli sdc
lenh giai tan Dang cong san, Toan quyen Dong Duong Catom ra nghi dinh
danh vao Dang cong san Dong Duong va cac td chiic quan chiing do Diing
lanli dao. Nghi dinh ngay 28-9-1939 ghi ro: "Ciim ta't thay mgi hoat dong co
tinh chat true tiep hay gian tiep tuyen tmyen cac kliaiu hieu cua qudc te cong
san hay nhung td chiic do qudc te cong san kiem soat.


16
Giai tan het thay cac hoi iii hiiu, td chiic hay cii nhan nao cd lien he vdi
Dang cong san nhung td chiic cd hay khong cd lien he vdi dang cong san ma
hoat dong theo khiiu hieu ciia De tam qudc te cung bi giai tan ....
Cam het thay nhiing do in, phat hanh tang hay biin hay trung bay, nliung
do in hay tranh ve, ndi chung la cam het thay nhiing tai heu tuyen tmyen ciia
De tam qudc te hay cua cac td chiic cd Uen quan vdi De tam qudc te" [ 120, tr
466-467].
Tiep do, vao ngay 17-11-1939, Toan quyen Dong Duong lai ra Nglii
dinh tich thu tai san ciia Dang cong san Dong Duong.
Ngay 4-1-1940, tai Hoi dong Chinh phu Dong Duong, Catam tuyen bd:
"Lan nay chiing toi khong chd cho mun doc phat trien. Phai md no tmdc khi

nd phat trien. Chiing toi da danh toan dien va mau le vao cac td chiic cong san.
Chdng cong la mot cuoc da'u tranh hang ngay. Trong cuoc dau tranh nay, phai
tieu diet cong san thi Dong Duong mdi dugc yen dn va mdi tmng thanh vdi
nude Phap. Chiing toi khong cd quyen khong thdng. Tinh the chieii tranli bat
bugc chiing toi hanh dong khong chiit thuang tiec nao" [120, tr 465-466].
Ngay 21-1-1940, Tdng thdng Phap lai ban hanh sdc lenh thuc hien tren
toan coi Dong Duong viec quan thiic hay true xuat khoi noi cu tni hoac giam
giir trong cac trai tap tmng (cang) nhiing ngudi ma chiing cho la nguy hiem
cho viec phdng ve qudc gia hay cho an ninh cong cong.
Ngay 22-6-1940, Chinh phu Phap dau hang phat xit Diic. Ba ngay siiu,
vao ngay 25-6-1940, Dong Duong cd mot Toan quyen mdi song chinli sach
dan ap ddi vdi Dang cong san Dong Duong van khong thay ddi. Hon nira thiing
sau ngay chinli thiic nham chirc, mac dii rat lo lang ve "tinh hinli nguy hiem
ciia Dong Duang, mat ddi mat vdi Nhat Ban d mot khoang each 15000 km vdi
nude Phap bi that bai" nhu sau nay Ddcu (Decoux) thd 16 trong hoi ky [142],
song vao ngay 6-8-1940, tan Toan quyen Dong Duong vin chi thi cho Thdng
doc Niim Ky, Kham sii Tmng ky, Thdng sii Bac ky tang cuong tran ap ciic hoat
dong yeu nude va ciich mang. Y viet "viec tmy td ciia toa an va nliihig bien
phap dac biet thi hanh trong thdi chien ro rang la chua dii. Toi yeu ciiu ciic ong
khong de xay ra ba't cii mot hoat dong tuyen tmyen pha hoai, lat dd niio trong


17
dia hat do cac ong cai tri. Chi thi nay nham chii yeu vao nhung hoat dong tring
trgn hay bi mat ciia cong san (...) Nhixng am muu lat dd pham phap TO rang
phai dugc trung tri theo phap luat, nhung nha chiic trach dudi quyen cac ong
phai tmy td bgn cim din trudc toa an (...) khong co the vien bat ky ly do nao
de tri hoan viec chan diing rihung ph&i tii phan dgng(...) Nhung hoat dong le te
phai dugc trimg tri tiic khac"[64].
Bai ban t r & ap ma toan quyen Catam hay Ddcu tien hanh khong khac

gi so vdi nhiing ten tien nhiem ngoai trir tinh phat xit tan bao va quy mo cua nd
dugc diy len tdi dinih cao. Dd la su tang cucng ve luc lugng va phuang tien cho
cac ca quan tran ap; la su ap dung cac bien phap tdng hgp tii hanh chinh den
tmy td hgp phap hay nhimg hinh thiic tran ap khong co trong luat dinh cua
chinh quyen thuoc dia... mien la cd hieu luc earn doan ngan chan tiic khic
nhung hoat dong cd Uen quan den chinh tri, yeu nude va each mang dudi mgi
hinh thiic. O nhieu dia phuang Bic Ky, chiing thi hanh phuong cham "chat
din, pha td, nhd re" (nghia la bit giet can bg, dang vien; danh pha cac td chiic
Dang va quan chiing; pha cac ca sd quan chiing bao ve va nuoi duong ciin bg)
de tieu diet Dang ta. Tham doc hon, chiing con sir dung nhiing dang vien dau
hang, phan bgi lam nhan mdi chui sau vao td chiic Dang ta de nim nhung
thong tin ve bg may, nhan su ciia Dang, phuc vu cho viec danh pha.
Theo lenh quan thay, bgn tay sai ra siic tuyen tmyen cho chinh sach
phan dong ciia thuc dan Phap, dong thdi chia miii nhgn vao Dang cong san.
Ngay 5-10-1939, bii nhin Bao Dai ra Dao du cam cac cuoc hoi hgp, cam tuyen
truyen cong san. Tren cac trang bao "An Nam nouveau" (An Nam mdi), "La
depeche Indochine" (Tin Dong Duong), "La tribune Indochinoise" (Dien dan
Dong Duong)... cac nha "qudc gia thanh thi" da sir dung het miic long tmng
thanh vdi nu6c fliap, tdcao nhiing ngudi "ndi loan", nhiing "ke gay rdi" cong san.
Ben canh thuc dan Phap va tay sai. Dang ta con phai ddi dien vdi ke thii
mdi la phat xit Nhat. Thuc hien muu dd "Tien xudng phia Nam", tmdc sir bat
luc va diu hang hen nhat cua chinh quyen thuoc dia, quan doi phat xit Nhat
tien vao Bic Ky (9-1940), sau dd hoan t£t viec chiem dong tren ca nude ta vao
thang 7-1941. Ciing nhu d PhiUppin, d Malaixia, hay Indonexia, nhGng noi
TRtiNQTAMTiOnTINTMLTvlEs;

'. f-il/53J


18

chiing "sSn lung va tan sat da man nhiing ngudi cong san mot each git gao, tan
bao" [135], quan doi Nhat d Viet Nam ca'u ket vdi thuc dan Phap, tieu diet
Dang ta. Thuc thi mot chinh sach xam luge va cai tri gia'u mat, quan doi phat
xit Nhat d Viet Nam diing diu la Thdng tudng - Ba tudc Terauchi, Tu lenh dao
quan Phuong Nam dong sd chi huy d Sai Gdn, da toan tinh tan dung cac luc lugng
vil trang va bg may dan ap ciia Phap de "dep bgn Viet Minh" [143, tr 81].
Vdi cac luc lugng dan ap dii loai (canh sat, mat tham, quan doi, cac luc
lugng ban v6 trang...) nhieu t&ig, cSp, (tir dia phuong tdi cap ky, c£p Uen bang)
vdi mang ludi chi diem day dac, chi tinh sd mat tham Nam Dinh (phu trach
cac tinh Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Ninh Binh, Ha Nam), luc lugng chi diem co tdi
165 ten, chinh quyen thuoc dia da tap trung ta't ca "hoa luc khimg bd cua thuc
dan" vao viec danh pha phong trao da'u tranh cua nhan dan ta; trong do chii yeu
va truoc het la nham tieu diet cong san, ke thii sd mot cua chiing d thuoc dia nay.
Ching dgi den khi cd sic lenh va nghi dinh dat nhihig ngudi cong san ra
ngoai vdng phap luat, ngay khi chien tranh the gidi iSn thii hai vira bung nd,
chinh quyen thuoc dia da tien hanh hang loat vu bit bd d ca 3 ky. Trong 2
ngay 3 va 9 thang 9-1939, thuc dan Phap da vay bit 311 ngudi d thanh phd Ha
Noi. Ngay 29-9-1939, ngay khi Nghi dinh ngay 28-9-1939 cua toan quyen
Dong Duong ky chua rao muc dich da vay bit 40 can bg, dang vien va quan
chiing yeu nude d tinh Nam Dinh. Trong thang 9-1939, toan Bac Ky co toi
1051 vu kham xet va bit bd. Tdng sd ngudi bi bit tren ca nude trong thang 91939 la 2000 ngudi, trong dd rieng Nam Ky la 800 ngudi [142], [120, tr 472].
Da sd ho la can bg, dang vien va quan chiing each mang.
Mot bien phap quan trgng ma thuc dan Phap sir dung de khimg bd
phong trao each mang ciia nhan dan ta la dimg toa an de xet xir nhiing ngudi
cong san va q u ^ chiing yeu nude rdi giam vao cac loai nha tii. Rieng toa an
Sai Gdn, trong vdng 19 thang (tir 1-1939 den thang 7-1940), thuc dan Phap da
xir 238 ngudi tdng cong 602 nam tii [116, tr 58]. Chiing con bit di an tri, bugc
cu tni d nhung nai nhat dinh hay true xua't khdi noi cu tni mot sd lugng ra't Ion
nhiing ngudi chiing cho la nguy hiem cho an rdnh va qudc phong (theo Sic
lenh ngay 20-1-1940). Da sd ho la nhCcng cuu tii chinh tri dugc tha ra trong

19
nhung nam ba muoi (Rieng d Nam Ky, trong 8 thang diu nam 1940, con so
nay la 465 ngudi).
Di doi vdi viec bit bd, xet xu la su gia tang dot bien cua cac loai nha tii,
trai giam. Ngoai lihiing loai hinh nha tii, trai giam da cd tir trudc, bao gdm cac
trai tam giam d cac chau, phii, huyen; cac nha tii hang tinh, cac nha tii cap xii,
cap Uen bang nhu: Hoa Ld, Son La (d Bic Ky), Buon Ma Thugt, Nha Trang (d
Tmng Ky), Kham Idn (Sai Gdn, Nam Ky) va nha tii Con Dao, chiuig cdn lap
hang loat trai an tri ggi la "cang" dac biet cua nhiing ngudi lao dong (Camp
Special de travaiUeurs). O Bic Ky cd cac "cang": Bic Me {den thang 11-1941
thi giai tan), Chg Chu, Ph& Me, Ba Van, Nghia Lg, Phii Thg; d Tmng Ky co
cang Dakglei, Dakto, Ba Ta,Tra Ke, La Hy, Phu Bai; d Nam Ky co cac cang
Ba Ra, Ta Lai (sau cuoc vugt nguc cua nhiing ngudi cong san san dau nam
1941 thi huy bd)^ Bac Lieu, Rach Gia, Tan An...
0 nhieu dia phuong, dich cdn diuig ca trai linh, nha kho de giam giii
ngudi bi bit. Tinh Thiia Thien co tdi 9 nha lao, cang an tri va trai quan thiic.
Ke tir khi Phap ap dat quyen thdng tri len da't nude ta, chua bao gid cac loai
nha til trai giam lai dugc gia cd, md rgng va xay dung vdi sd lugng Ion nhu bay gid.
So lugng tii nhan trong cac nha tii, trai giam ciia thuc dan Phap tang ty le
thuan vdi sd lugng cac cuoc danh pha td chiic Dang, phong trao quan chiing d
ben ngoai. Tir cudi nam 1939 den cudi 1943 chiing dua tdi 7 doan tii len day d
nguc Son La, phin Idn la can bg, dang vien va quan chiing tmng kien [240, tr
36]. d nha tii Hoa Ld, tii nam 1940, thudng xuyen cd tren 400 ngudi bi giam
giir, mot phan trong sd dd la tii cong san [198, tr 78-79]. Tai nha day Buon Ma
Thugt, tir thang 2 den thang 11-1941, cd 144 chien si each mang d mien Tmng
bi giam giir va day ai [222, tr 90]. (3 Kham Ldn Sai Gdn, den cudi thang 91940 cd 1525 ngudi bi giam giir, qua tai gap doi siic chiia cua nha tii [116, tr 60]. 0
nha til Con Dao, nam 1940 co hon 2000 tii nhan, den nam 1941-1942, cd gan
4000 ngudi bi day ra day [5, tr 189]. Trong hai nam 1941-1942, d Con Dao cd

1050 ngudi chet vi kiet que va ghe Id [49].


20
Mac dii da cd su chuan bi ddi phd tmdc, song tmdc siic danh phii qui
md, toan dien va ac liet ciia ke thu, he thdng td chiic Dang chiu nhieu ton tha:t
nang ne.
O Bac Ky, co tdi 15/17 dang bg tinh, thanh phd bi dich khiing bd la: Cao
Bang, Quang Yen, Phiic Yen, Bic Giang, Hai Phong, Kien An, Tliai Binh,
Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Nam Dinh, Ha Noi, Ha Dong, Ha Nam, Son Tay, Ninh
Binh. Toan Dang bg hao hut tdi 50%, sd lugng dang vien [72]. Theo nhung tin
tiic ma mat tham Ha Noi thu dugc tir cuoc hgp cua Thanh uy Ha Noi vdi dai
dien cac tinh trong Lien tinh A ^toan Bic Ky vao thang 1 nam 1940 chi co 113
dang vien [37].
U Trung Ky, Xii uy dong d Hue phai phan tan di cac noi, nhu Le Duan
(Bi thu Xii uy), Phan Dang Luu, Biii San... vao Sai Gdn hoat dong; cac Lien
tinh uy Thanh - Nghe - TTnh (Bic Tmng Ky) va Ngai - Binh - Phii (Trung
Trung Ky) ciing bi danh pha. Cd tdi 9 tinh, thanh uy, ban can sir bi vd trong
nhung thang cudi 1939 dSu 1940 la Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Thira Thien, Quang
Nam, Da Ning, Khanh Hoa, Binh Dinh, Phii Yen, Ninh Thuan - Lam Vien.
U Nam Ky, cudi 1939 dau nam 1940, do dich khiing bd manh, co tdi 4
dong chi trong Xii uy (1 Bi thu, 2 thudng vu, 1 uy vien) bi bit la V6 Van Tan
(Bi thu), Biii Van Nghi, Trinh An, Biii Van Thu. He thong to chiic Dang trong
20/21 dia phuong (trir tinh la Tay Ninh chua cd ca sd Dang) bi dich danh pha.
Hau nhu tinh nao ciing co dang vien bi bit. Cd tinh bi nang nhu Sa Dec, co 132
dong chi dang vien va quan chiing trung kien bi bit; Cdn Tha co 42 dang vien
bi bit... Tuy nhien, do co su de phdng va chuyen hudng kip thdi, trir 2 tinh uy
Bac Lieu va Sdc Trang bi vd vao cudi nam 1939, ve ca ban, td chiic Dang d cac
dia phuang van dugc bao toan. So vdi Bic Ky va Tmng Ky thi td chiic Diing d
Nam Ky it bi tdn that hon ca.

Nhiing tdn tha't ndi tren da gay nen nhimg khd khan ldn cho Dang ta
tron^ cong tac lanh dao nhan dan da'u tranh thuc hien nhiem vu trudc mat la
t^iiii phdng dan tgc. Nghi quyet ciia Ban Trung uong Dang ngay 6, 7, 8-111939 ghi rd: "Vi su khung bd mdi day cac dang bg bi pha hoai it nliieu, su lien
lac ciia Tmng uong vdi cac Xii uy tmdc kia da thua thdt ngay nay lai cang rdi


21
rac; sir Uen lac ciia cac Xii uy vdi Tinh uy, Tinh uy vdi cac quan huyen, cac chi
bg nhieu noi ciing bi dinh tre" [86, tr 560]. Nghi quyet Hoi nghi ISn thu 8 ciia
Ban chap hanh Tmng uong Dang (5-1941) cung viet: "sau nhiing cuoc khung
bd 1939-1940, Dang ta lai hao tdn ra't nhieu can bg (...). Do do cuoc van dong
ciia Dang ta bi thu hep lai va khong phat trien dugc(...), manh mdi Dang hay bi
dut va cong tac dang hay bi dinh ddn" [103, tr 132-133].
Cd nhiing tdn that nhu tren, ngoai sir danh pha ac Uet va keo dai cua ke
thii, cdn do nhieu cap uy, dang vien, ke ca nhiing dong chi chu chdt, con chii
quan khinh dich chan chir hoac cham tre trong viec chuyen ddi phuong thuc
nit vao hoat dong bi mat va dia ban hoat dong. Nguyen nhan ciia tinh trang nay
la trong nhiing nam 1936-1939, mot sd ldn td chiic,can bg, dang vien da hoat
dong cong khai, do dd, khi phai chuyen ddi vao bi mat thi liing tiing, thieu
khan tmong cd dong chi ngai thoat ly nen bi vd nang (ro nhat la d cac tinh
Trung Ky). Ca biet cd noi con nhan thiic lech lac rang "vao tii se co dieu kien
gan cac dong chi lanh dao de hgc tap" [230]. Ben canh do, d nhieu dia phuang,
td chiic Dang chua thdng nhat ve mot mdi, chua co ca quan lanh dao chung
nen viec tiep nhan chii truong chuyen vao hoat dong bi mat ciia Dang gap
nhieu khd khan. Nghi quyet Hoi nghi Trung uong thang 11-1939 da nhan dinh:
"su chuyen hudng sang cong tac hoan toan bi mat ciia Dang sau cuoc dan ap
thang 9-1939, khong dugc mau le va khon kheo"[103, tr 59].
Cung can phai tha'y rang, trong nhiing nam hoat dong cong khai. Dang
ta da bgc 16 mot sd ldn luc lugng can bg. Ke thii lai nham hiem khdng che va
sir dung nhiing ke dau hang phan bgi trong hang ngu cua Dang (dien hinh la

Dinh v a n Di, xii' uy vien Tmng Ky, Bi thu Tinh uy Nghe An rdi Bi thuLien
tinh uy Thanh-NgheTinh)^*' de nim bit theo doi, giam sat nhieu dong chi ta,
nhit la ddi vdi can bg chii chdt. Qua cac bao cao chinh tri dinh ky hang tuan,
hang thang, hang quy, hang nam ciia cac ca quan canh sat, mat thiim d cac ky,
ciia sd mat tham Dong Duong giri cac quan chiic cai tri cao cap ciia cliinli
quyen thuoc dia, co the thay ring trong nhung nam 1936-1938, dich nim

' Co mot so tai Ueu, y kien [71], [175],[84 ], [8, tr 187] cho ring Dinh Yin Di la Uy vien Ti-ung uomg D^ig.
Tuy nhien nhung tai lieu nay chua du co sor de khaiig dinh chac chin Dinh Van Di la Uy vien Tmng uong. Can
phai tiep tuc nghien cuu them.


22
tuong ddi sat ca ca'u td chiic, nhan su Tmng uong, nhan sir cac xii uy cung nliu
nhOng hoat dong cua Dang ta. Do do, khi cliien tranh the gidi nd ra, dich danh
ra^t manh va rat tning, gay cho Dang ta nhimg tdn that ldn ve td chiic va ciin bg.
1.2, Rut vao hoiit dong bi mat, bao ve he thdng td chufc Dang.
Ngay tir giiia nam 1938, khi chinh phii Phap ngay cang nga ve phia him,
chinh quyen thuoc dia d Dong Duong bit diu khiing bd nhung hoat dong dan
chii, mot sd dong chi lanh dao chii chdt ciia Dang va Xii uy Bic Ky da chuyen
din vao hoat dong bi mat, xay dung ca sd d ndng thon. Dong chi Ha Ba Cang
(Hoang Qudc Viet), xii uy vien Xii uy Bic Ky khi bi true xu& khdi Ha Noi da
ban bac vdi mot sd dong chi trong Xii uy Bic Ky "ve ndng thon de phat trien
va ciing cd ca sd, sau nay con cd chd diing" [ 247, tr 173]. Sau mot thdi gian
gay dung ca sd bi mat d Bic Ninh, Bac Giang, dong chi Ha Ba Cang viet thu
ve de nghi cac dong chi chuyen vao hoat dong bi mat. Cac dong chi lanh dao
chii chdt ciia Xii uy Bic Ky

nhu Tmdng Chinh, Hoang Van Thu,... cung

cd chu tmong chuyen phuang thiic hoat dong, cho ring: "Chien tranh nhat
dinh xay ra. Phai chii y mien niii" [247, tr 150]. Hoi nghi Xii uy Bic Ky (12-31939) hgp d Ha Noi da ra Nghi quyet yeu cau cac dia phuang td chiic cac cuoc
hgp d thon xa khong dong qua 20 nguoi [45]. Den hoi nghi Xii uy ngay 9-51939, Xii uy chu tmong: "Nhiem vu cSp bach nha't liic nay la lap cac ca sd d
cac dia phuong da cd phong trao nhan dan" [207]. Diu thang 8-1939, mot sd
can bo cua Xii uy Bic Ky da dugc cir len vimg Cat Tri (Cam Khe, Phii Thg) co
sd ciia De Kieu cii de chuan bi ca sd sd dua can bg ve hoat dong.
8 ngay sau khi cuoc chien tranh the gidi lin thii hai nd ra, Xii uy Bdc Ky
td chiic mot cuoc hoi nghi md rgng tai lang Van Phiic (tinh Ha Dong) do dong
chi Tdng bi thu Nguyen Van Cir chii tri. Hoi nghi da de ra chu tmong va cac
bien phap bao ve Dang, bao ve can bg, chuyen cac dong chi cong khai vao
hoat dong bi mat; chuan bi nhiing ca sd vung chic, chii yeu la d viing rimg niii
de lam nai dao tiio, bdi dudng can bg, cung cd lire lugng lau dai.
Tai Hoi nghi nay, dong chi Hoang Van Thu dugc phan cong lam Bi thu Xii uy
Bic Ky thay dong chi Luang Khanh Thien.


23
Sau Hoi nghi nay, dong chi Tdng Bi thu Nguyen Van CCr ciing dong chi
Hoang v a n Thu cii dong chi Luang Khanh Thien, uy vien Thudng vu Xii uy
Bic Ky len Phii Thg true tiep chi dao viec gay ca sd each mang d vimg nong
thon mien niii [131], [170].
Chi mot ngay sau khi Toan quyen Dong Duong ra Nghi dinh danh vao
Dang cong san, thi vao ngay 29-9-1939, Trung uong Dang da giri Thong cao
cho cac cap bg Dang vach nhung net diu tien ve phuang hudng va bien phap
chuyen hudng hoat dong. Thong cao neu ro: "Hoan canh Dong duong se tien
budc den van de dan tgc giai phong (...). Trong thdi gian nghiem trgng nay,
tinh hinh qudc te ngay mot gay git, bgn thdng tri d day mudn dap tit phong
trao chinh tri trong xii thi nd phai bit nhihig ngudi ma nd da tinh nghi de giam
vao nguc vi the Dang ta phai lua nhiing dong chi trung thanh, hang hai td chiic
cac ban du bi vao cac ca quan. Cac ban a'y dong thdi phai dua vao tap su neu

cac ban cu bi tmy td thi ban a'y thay vao ( ...). Hien thdi tinh hinh qudc te da
cho chiing ta thay rd van de dan tgc giai phdng se den chd ket qua, the thi
chiing ta cdn dai gi ma chui vao nha tii" [86, tr 756-757]. Ve td chiic quan
chiing va cac hinh thiic da'u tranh. Thong cao viet "phai xem xet trong cac hoi
quin chiing chgn ngudi nao trung thanh hang hai cd giac ngg chinh tri thi td
chiic vao hoi bi mat (....). Cdn su la'y nguyen vgng va bieu tinh phai dinh (...).
Cac dong chi cin biet hien gid ta khdng the dua lire lugng ciia Dang bay to
cho bgn thdng tri biet ma trong liic nay phai cung cd luc lugng" [86, tr 757-760].
Thong cao cua Tmng uang da giiip nhieu dang bg dia phuang chuyen
ddi phuang thiic hoat dong, giam thieu nhiing tdn that ve td chiic, can bo do sir
khim^y bd ciia dich gay ra. Chinh nhd linh hoat chuyen ddi hoat dong vao bi
mat, ve nong thon ma nhieu can bg cot can cua cac Dang bg dia phuang, ciia
cac xii uy da vugt qua sir mong bd cua ke thu, chip ndi lai Uen lac, gay dung
lai td chiic Dang va phong trao each mang.
Nhung chi dao trong viec chuyen ddi phuang thiic hoat dong nhu tren
the hien sU nhay ben va kha nang thich ling chinh tri ldn cua Dang, song so vdi
su chuyen bien can ban ciia tinh hinh tM chua dap ling dugc yeu cau mdi ciia
each mang. Vi the, hai thang sau ngay chien tranh the gidi lin thii hai biing nd.


24
tir ngay 6 den ngay 8-11-1939, Hoi nghi lan thii: 6 Ban chap hanh Trung uong
Dang dugc td chiic tai Ba Diem (Hoc Mon, Gia Dinh) de quyet dinh nhung chii
tmong mdi, trong do co cong tac bao ve, xay dung Dang mot each can ban va
toan dien hon. Du Hoi nghi nay co Tdng bi thu Nguyen Van Cir, Le Duiiii, V6
v a n Tan, Phan Dang Luu (vira dugc bd sung vao Tmng uong mot thdi gian)...
**^ Tren ca sd phan tich nhung chuyen bien cua tinh hinh, van menh ciia dan
tgc tmdc che do thdng tri "quan nhan phat xit" va sir thoa hiep dau hang vdi
phat xit Nhat cua thuc dan Phap, Hoi nghi quyet dinh dat nhiem vu giai phong
dan tgc len hang chu yeu, tmdc mit va cap bach cua each mang nude ta; mgi

van de ciia cuoc each mang liic nay, ke ca van de rugng dat, ciing phai nhim
vao muc dich a'y ma giai quyet. Nghi quyet Hoi nghi khing dinh: "Budc dudng
sinh tdn ciia cac dan tgc Dong Duong khong con cd con dudng nao khac la con
dudng danh dd de qudc Phap, chdng t£t ca ach ngoai xam vd luan da tring hay
da vang de tranh la'y giai phong doc lap" [86, tr 536]. Hoi nghi nhat tri rang
trong tinh hinh mdi, nhiem vu mdi, nhiem vu cua Dang rat nang ne. Dang phai
"giac ngg rd cai sii menh ldn lao a'y va du can dam, du nghi lire, du sang sudt
de ganh vac nd" [86, tr 566]. Tren tinh than do, Tmng uang Dang dac biet coi
trgng cong tac xay dung Dang ve mgi mat, tang cudng thdng nhat y chi va
hanh dong tir Trung uong den chi bg dua tren ly luan each mang tien phong
cua chii nghia Mac-Lenin, tren nguyen tic tap tmng dan chii cua mot Dang
bon se vich, tren dudng Idi chinh tri va nhihig khau hieu diing din; phai mat
thiet lien lac vdi quan chiing, nd luc tranh dau de trd nen mot Dang chan chinh
ciia quan chiing; phai vd trang ly luan each mang; lira chgn can bg mdi can cii
vao thuc tien cong tac; khuech tmong va ciing cd ca sd Dang trong cac thanh
thi, tmng tam ky nghe, cac him md ddn dien; gay dung ca sd Mien, Lao va td
chiic nhihig dang bg tu tri ciia cac dan tgc thieu sd; lap cac ban chuyen mon;
chii trgng cong tac chi bg; kiem soat viec thuc hien nghi quyet; thuc hien tu
phe binh va dau tranh phe binh; chii y chdng nan khieu khi'ch mat thiim. Trong
tinh hinh bi dich danh phii ac liet, td chiic Dang nhieu noi bi vd, lien lac khong
thon^j sudt. Hoi nglii da chu truong "phai lap tiic klioi phuc he thdng Trung * . Co tai lieu viet rdng day la hoi nghi cua Thuong vu Trung uofng gom cac dong chi Nguyen Van Cu. Le
Du;in, P^ian Dang Luu, Vd. Tan [I5l,tr33]. Tuy nhien chua co ca sor tai lieu chuan xac. Can phai tiep tuc
ngiiien ciru them.
*''*


25
Nam - Bic va lam cho cac dang bg tir chi bg den Trung uong mat thiet Uen
lac" [86,tr560].
Nhiing dudng hudng ma hoi nghi vach ra da dugc tmyen den cac dia

phuang, thdi mot luong sinh khi mdi vao phong trao da'u tranh each mang, trd
thanh quyet tam hanh dong cho toan Dang trong xay dung lire lugng each
mang, khoi phuc va ciing cd he thdng td chiic Dang, dam bao cho Dang du siic
ganh vac nhiem vu nang ne tmdc thdi cuoc mdi.
Diu thang 1-1940, Trung uong ra tai Ueu "Mot ngay dang ky niem" de
ky niem 10 nam ngay "sinh nhat" Dang (6-1-1930 - 6-l-1940)^*\ Tmng uong
keu ggi cac cap bg: "Ciing cdhang ngii Dang. Liic nay hon liic nao het de qudc
khdng de cho ta yen mot phiit nao, luon luon kham xet bit bd ha nguc nhung
chien sT tot cua Dang, mudn lam cho tan nat he thdng Dang. Mudn chdng ndi
vdi siic khiing bd Uen mien £y, chiing ta phai hoat dong cho tinh tuong, phai cd
giac quan chinh tri cho sang sudt de mau nhan xet hoan canh, mdi d6 tranh
khdi nhiing su theo doi ciia mat tham. Cd dugc nhu vay ta mdi hoat dong dugc
lau dai, mdi giir dugc mdi Uen lac noi dung giira cac td chiic ciia Dang, lam
cho viing chic hang ngii Dang (...) phai xem xet, phai nghien ciin va tuy hoan
canh thay ddi phuang phap hanh dong va nang cao trinh do cong tac va td chiic
thi mdi may giam bdt sir that bai cho Dang dugc" [103 tr 4-5].
Sau Hoi nghi lan thii 6 cua Ban chap hanh Tmng uong Dang chua dugc
bao lau thi vao dau nam 1940, cd tdi 5 uy vien Tmng uong, trong do co co
dong chi Tdng bi thu sa vao tay dich: dong chi Nguyen Van Cir, Le Duin bi
bit ngay 17-1-1940; dong chi Le Hong Phong bi bit lai vao ngay 6-2-1940;
dong chi Ha Huy Tap bi bit lai vao ngay 30-3-1940, dong chi Vo Van Tan bi
bit vao 21-4-1940. Day la mot tdn tha't ldn ciia Dang ta.
Trong phien toa tieu hinh d Sai Gdn xet xir ngay 28-8-1940, va sau dd
mot tuin, vao ngay 3-9-1940, dich ket an cac dong chi Nguyen Van Cir, Ha
Huy Tap, Le Hong Phong, Le Duan mdi ngudi 5 nam tii, 10 nam quan thiic
[118], [116, tr 60].

' Tai Dai h6i dai bieu toan qu(3c \in thii Ul ciia Dang (I960) Dang ta quyet dinh lay ngay 3-2-1930 la ngay
thanh lap Dang cong san Viet Nam..