Giải pháp cứu nền kinh tế Việt Nam

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PHAP LUAT & DOANH NGHIEP

<i>linh tnnh kinh te the gui </i>

<i>thU gian qua trdi qua nhieu </i>

<i>hien dong. Dieu do da tdc </i>

<i>dong khong nho den nen kinh </i>

<i>tenitct ta. Nhtthg thdng cim </i>

<i>nam 2008 dUUc nhieu cirnyen </i>

<i>gia ddnh gid Id rck kho khdn. </i>

<i>Ldm the ndo de ciiu giup nen </i>

<i>kinh te mict nhd vtiOt qua </i>

<i>dUtic nhiihg kho khdn do? </i>

<i>Chiing toi co bdi ghi nhdn y </i>

<i>kien ciia chuyen gia kinh te: </i>

<i>PGS Nguyen Vdn Nam </i>

<i>-nguyen thdnh vien Ban </i>

<i>nghien ciAi ciia Thu ttidng ve </i>

<i>van denay </i>

GiCf toe dp tdng tniSng vUd

ptral nhUhg l3en vOhg

Thdi gian qua, nhiaj ngiAi cd tam ly chip
nhan lam phat "mot ti" de tang tai&ng. Chung
<i>la can loai bl) vitx coi nhe sfl dn dinh nay. Cae </i>
<i>nude ehi chap nhan mile lam phit dudi 3% de </i>
ting tning.

<i>Khdng nen cd tam ly scing chung vdi berh, </i>
chip nhin lienh. Mudn chdng lam phat lodn
vijing, cin phii ludng hda lam phat bao nhieu

la that sfl chip nhan dupc. Khdng the de ra eho
phep lam phai bing CDP, sau dd lai cd giam
xudng Ijing cic bien phip khac.

Can de ra con sd lam phat cd dinh, sau dd
bang mpi gii phii gifl. Neu cho ehi sd lam phit
bing con sd tang taidng thi khi cd nguy co cao
hdn, phii dam chip nhin hi sinh tang tiudng
dd gifl l(im phit, cin ddi vT md.

Nhin thing vao chi sd GDP cua VN nam
J( X )7 cdn thi'y nhieu dieu l^an khoin. Phan tich
mdt each khich quan se ihiy tdc dp ting trddng
cao d \'N cd phin ddng gtip rii Idn ciia dau td
<i>nha nJix. </i>

<i>Wii ytvi id nfla dd chdng Lim phat nhdng </i>

ll (k/d( ntji (K'n dd l i nen L^ILIUH chi ngan sich
nha i x l t d mdt thap, klidng nen nim nao cung
5"... Lam phai miy nim cfja da cd dau hieu
<i>ling ng.iy cing cao, lion 9% trong nim 2004, </i>
gan 10"/,. nam 2(X)5 va nam 2007 l i 12,4",,.
\ n i khtVig cd bitii |jli.ip nghiem tut M' klVi cd
( k l ' kti qu^ nhanh v i I RII vClig.

<i>Trung Hieu </i>

Phd do von vdo chd hieu qud

Dieu dang chu y la phan Idn vdn diu td
phit trien lai chd yeu dupe dem diu td vao khu
vuC kinh te nha nudc hoac de cho cac cdng ty
nha nudc thflc hien nen cang tao ra mdi trudng
lot cho tham nhung, ling phi phat trien.

Trong khi dd, nhutig cdng ty td nhan - dang
ddng gdp rat Idn cho toe do tang tning thi
thddng phai "mua lai" hpp ddng, khdng cd dieu
kien tdt de ldn manh. Day la dieu bit hpp ly IxJi
khu vUc kinh te nha nudc vdn thudng kinh
doanh khdng hieu qua. Do vdn vao chd khdng
hieu qua, bd qua khu vuC nang ddng la di nguOc
lai chu tiutmg tang tinh hieu qui trong sfl dung
vdn.

Thdo gd rdo cdn chinh sdch

Chinh sach phap luat tai VN mdi d mdc
thao gd cdn nhieu qui dinh can trd dau td can
gd bd. Khdng ndi den viec cie luit, nghi dinh
bi "treo", tfl ddy ve quan ly kinh te d Viet Nam
edng cd nhidu diem dang lo nghT. Vi du qui
dinh ve noi dia hda rai chat ehe, di kem la
thue...

Moi qudc gia, tuy vao trinh dp cP khi,
nguyen lieu, cd the chi thich hpp de lam ra mot
loai phg tung cd gii thinh va tinh canh tranh
(ao nhat. Viet Nam bit Ixipc npi dia hda, nhd

vay vd tinh da triet lieu quyen Iga ehpn cda nha
dautg.

Sfl thay ddi chinh sich, luat, qui dinh vd
thuc', quan ly dau tfl... khdng the doan laH

khong dudc tham khio y kien hoac tham khao
hinh thdc cung la mpt dieu can thay ddi. Dac
biet, phii tranh cae bien phap phi thi taidng
mang tinh chit tinh the. Yeu kem cai no, bop
meo cai kia dang thay d nhieu chinh sach nhfl
han che md them quan karaoke, thud old...

Hien tai, nhieu quyet dinh cam van dupc
bit ngd dfla ra that sfl ehi dem lai Ipi ich, sflde
dang cho cac nha quin ly va vd tinh cit quyen
tfl do kinh doanh da dupc chinh phap luat VN
qui dinh.

Chong dpc quyen

Co the tha'y ddng gdp eho tang lrudng cua
VN nam 2007 cp bin la khu vdc kinh te U
nhan. Cae tap doan, tdng cdng ty nha ndde
mac du nhan dudc rat nhieu UJ dai nhdng
nguPc lai, ddng gop khdng dang ke. Can ra soil
xem khu vuC nao cO che uU dai, dpc quyen,
khep kin khdng hieu qua thi nen xda ix).

Dpc quydn d VN mdi chi dupc nhan dang

d vi the oja mot doanh nghiep nhd Tap doan
BuU chinh - vien thdng, Tong cdng ty Dien lut...
ma chda thay chd y den sd lien kel ddc quyen.
Didu nay tha'y khi rd d gia dtd, gin day la gii
thqj.

Mot cdng ty lrong nU'x nhajj nguyen lito
<i>ve VN, dem sang Tnjng CJufx luytii \hc\), Lii </i>
dem ii'^iiic ve VN ban phii thiu thi plii v.in
chuyen cao, ccxig IO"/,. lliut' r(')i ma \',in re lion
thep sin xuat irong nui« la tlitvj klit'xig tht' lum
<i>ndi. 0(y (|uvt>n khfuig t hi khitii (|uyt'n kd (in </i>

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PHAP LUAT & DOANH NGHIEP

ngfldi lieu dung bi thiet hai ma nd cdn lam giam
set canh tranh cua nen kinh te. Nhi m t t cfl
phai bao ho. Dan cfl phai mua dit. Bao ho djng
can bfldc cac nha dau tfl mac du ho sin sang
dau tfl va ha gii thanh san pham de canh tranh.

Dpc quyen cung tudc doat eP hdi kinh
doanh, thinh vupng cua nhieu doanh nghiep
trong nude. Vi vay, d thdi diem hien nay, quyS
tam hpi nhap, xda doe quyen, bao hp la mot ed
hpi cho nen kinh td

Cd cdch hdnh chinh, ncng

cao ndng lifc IDO mdy

Tham hut thuOng mai thdi gian qua edn the
hien d cdng tie hcaeh dinh chien lupc dau tfl
rat kem khi ngay tfl dau, sfl phat trien nhflhg
nganh hang xuat khau ehu luC khdng di lien vdi
viec xay dUhg khu vdc sin xuat nguyen lieu cho
nd.

Vi du rd nhat la nganh det may. Can dao
tao va bude edng chflc phii lam viec chuyen
nghiep, hieu qui va tan tam hon. Qui trinh cii
cich hanh chinh, chdng tham nhung dutic day
<i>manh nhdng van 6e con ngudi dang la lut can </i>
khdng nhd khien nhidu chinh sach khdng phit
huy dudc tie dung tren thge te.

Hon 10 nam nay chung ta da thuC hien cii
cich hanh chinh nhdng tjen nhd Chu tich nddc
Ngdyen Minh Triet van phai than "lii thd tiic
hanh". Viy thi khdng edn ly do gi de chin ehfl.
Mddn ed mtit lid miy tdt, phii cd ed ehe md de
loai bo nhflhg ca nhan thieu nang ldc ra khdi bd
may.

Cung each hien nay la nudng chieu to
may hanh chinh, cho nd rai nhieu quyen ma
giam sat lai khdng bao nhieu. Thanh ra nen
hanh chinh chu \ a i di phge vu lanh dao ehfl
khdng phii phge vu dan.

Cii each hanh chinh phii di vao thfl: chat

vdi cd che tri gia du manh bupc edng chflc phai
phuc vu nliCihg ngudi dang nop lien nudi ho.
Neu khdng, bp may hanh chinh rat de trd thanh
ganh nang eija x i hdi.

ThUt tdm chdng ttxjm nhCng,

Idng phi

Tai sao d mdt nudc thudc dang ngheo nhai
the gidi ma mpt nam nhap den gan 2 ti USD xe
hdi? Tai sao thu nhap qudc dan tieng la thap
nhflhg nhuhg loai xe hdi binh dan lai ban chim
hem nhflhg loai \e xin nhii the gitS?

Dieu nay chuhg td lien dang tap tnjng vao
nxil nhtim ngniJi. Tham nhdng dang anh hudng
l o t tidp den sfl thjnh vutng ciia VN. Cd mdt
nha dau tfl Thgy Dien sau mpt thdi gian dau tfl
d VN da phai CIK»I gdi \e nudc.

<i>Trong cudn sich dng vid sau chuydn dau </i>

tfl bat thanh mang ten Nhuhg ke khdng the hgp
tic, dng cay ding ndi: den lam tfl thien eung
phai hdi Id. Tham d, ling phi d VN da la "qudc
nan" nhieu nam nay nhflhg vin chfla tijCC cii
thien.

<i>Tham nhung se \\SSi tnJC tiep, vifi giin X\ep </i>
ngan can dau tfl, can trd cai cich hanh chinh,

lieu diet nhuhg co hdi cai thien ddi sdng eua
ngudi din, tang bat binh t&ig va tiem tang
nguy ed bat dn x i hdi.

Ba nhiem vu chinh cua Nhd

nudc

Dieu khien cic nha dau td gap rai nhieu
khd khan khi tiep can thi tnjdng VN l i viee
cung cap thdng tin rat yai, khdng hoan chinh.
Ton tai nay d i ed tfl rat lau.

<i>Cd nhieu dfl i n Xet mudn dau td vao VN </i>
nhdng do thiai thdng tin, nha dau td rat mu md,
khd lien ket vdi nhau, khdng the hoach dinh
chien lupc va ddi khi phai chip nhan mao
hiem nhd danh bae, dac biet la dau tfl vao thi
tnjfcmg tai chinh.

Viec tim kiem va phan tich cac sd lieu
thdng ke d VN cung rai khd. Khi mudn tim hieu,
nha dau tfl phai tim den cae mdi quan he e i
nhan, phii mat tien cho ngudi np, ngfldi kia. Tdi
nghT cic ban cin quan tam den cP ehe eung
cap thdng tin cho cdng chung vl dieu nay giup
mdi taidng diu td minh bach va khdng bi ling
phi nhuhg cifl i n Idn.

VN nhuhg nam qua la mdt eau chuyen
thanh cdng trong phat trien. VN da l i eon hd

chau A that sfl vdi ti le tang taidng, con sd tiet
kiem tren GDP dat khoang 30%...

Tuy vay, sau mpt thap ky dn dinh, gid cic
nhi kinh te bit dau lo ling ve kinh te vi md dia
VN cung nhfl cua the gidi. VN dang cd tham
hut thudng mai, thim hut can can thanh loan
vang lai. Lam phit eung dang la vi'n dd.

Tuy nhien, didu dang ndi la cd ve VN dang
mudn nam ea ba bien sd: lam phat, ti gii hdi
doii, lii suat ngan hang. Trong khi thdng le chi
nen nim mdt eon sd, edn lai nen de thi taing
tfl dieu chinh. VN cin Iga chon de hanh ddng
manh hon.

Lam phii dang la mdi lo ngai eiia nhi dau
tfl vi ho phai bd ra nhieu tidn hon. Dieu chinh
lam phit, theo tdi, hien nay nen la nhiem vu
hang dau nJa Chinh phu VN. Neu theo dudi
muc lieu niy thi Chinh phu can ha thap cic
muc tieu khic.

Cd mdt didi ldi nnudn canh bio l i khi
Chinh phu ed quydt tam ehdng lam phit thi
mdi Bd deu dude giao phan \ KX rieng. Didu
nay dd khien cac Bd bien nhtJhg nxjc tieu dai
han thanh nnjc tieu ngin ban.

Vi du Bd Tai chinh gilm thud nhap khiu,

chuyen nd thinh mue lieu ngin h ^ , chi d^
<i>giam lam phit d i khdng phu hpp, sau 6b l^i di </i>
kiem soat, bit doanh nghiep phai ban gii tran
the nay, the kia.

Cac nha dau tfl nudc ngoai elm thiy rat 1^
ky. Can xem gdc re van de d dau de giii quyS.
Giai phip chdng lam phit cua VN d i du lidu
chua thi mpi ngudi ddu cd the cim nhin khi
mua Sim hang ngay. Theo tdi, Chinh phu VN
can linh ddng hdn vdi cdng eg ti gii. Khdng n&i
kim tl gia mdt cich qua cuhg nhae.

Thach thflc cua VN thdi gian tdi l i lim
sao kiem soil tdt ndn kinh te vi md dang cd
nhidu vi'n dd. Sip tdi, ngudn vdn giin tiep
ngin ban cd the d at vao rdi lai d at ra. Phii
ed sfl chuan bj de khdng anh hfldng ddn gidi
diu td.

Hien cic qui dau tfl khdng the biS nim
nam tdi se the nao, tham chi tuan tdi thd nio.
Nhuhg chinh sich khdng chac chin nhfl ddi
v(Si dtd, xe may lam dau diu v i khien ting chi
phi cho gidi dau tfl. Diu tfl edng hien mang linh
chinh tri nhieu hdn la kinh te. Cd sd h^ ting t^i
cae thanh phd se inh hfldng ddn ling taJdng
trong tdtng lai cua VN.

VN khdng cdn la ndn kinh td dang

chuyen ddi nhd nhidu ngfldi vin ndi. Theoea
nhan tdi, tren the gidi, 20 nim da II qui du
eho mdt sfl chuyen ddi. VN dang cd nhieu
doanh nghiep nha nfldc. Se tdt hon n ^
ehdng ta nghT VN d i la mdt ndn kinh id thj
ta/dng de cic chinh sich dfla ra binh ding
v i mang tinh thj ta/dng hon.

Hien nhieu cdng ty Idn dang dflpc doe
quyen trong cic nginh mdi nhpn, du cic
doanh nghiep nay ddng gdp ding ke nhUhg
chung eung khidn nen kinh te thieu sflc canh
tranh va hieu qua. Bii binh ding chUa II vi'n
de eua hien tai nhflng khdng ai dim chic
tuOng lai nd se khdng sinh ra nhidu vi'n dd
theo vdng trdn qui lull phit tridn - suy thoii
cua kinh id.

De duy tri sfl phii trien ben vdhg, Chinh
phu VN cd ba nhiem vg chinh phii lim tdt:
phit trien cP sd ha ting cuhg, mem va dim bk)
sfl phat trien ben vuhg dJa xa hdi. Cp sd h^ ting
cuhg da duPe VN quan tim, the hien d ti Id vdn
trong CDP danh cho xiy dghg cP sd h^ ting
khi cao.

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