Nhà nước pháp quyền xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam sau 20 năm đổi mới: Thực trạng và định hướng phát triển.

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<b>DANG U N H DAO CONG cudc DGI MQI </b>

<i>thitc trang va dinh hu&ng phdt trim </i>

TS PHAM NGQC DUNG

1. Dai hdi Dang lan thir VI (1986) da khdi
xudng sy nghiep ddi mdi, md ra cue dien mdi
cua dat nude tren con dudng qui do len CNXH
va xay dyng Nhi nude phap quyen. Nghi quyet
Dai hgi VI da khang djnh: "Thyc hien dan chii
xa hdi chil nghia, tdn trgng va bao dim quyen
cdng dan; chdng te quan lieu, ciia quyen, ire
hiep quan chiing trong bd may lanh dao va
<i>quan ly cac cap. Thyc hien khau hieu ''ddn biet, </i>
<i>ddn bdn, ddn ldm, ddn kiem tra; Idt cd vi ddn </i>
<i>vd do ddn"'. Dgng vien va td chirc quan chiing </i>
tham gia quan ly kinh te, quan ly xa hdi, tham
gia cac hoat ddng eai each kinh te. Thdng qua
phong trao thi dua phat trien kinh te - xa hgi,
dao tao va ren luyen con ngudi mdi, tap the lao
ddng mdi, phat hien va bdi dudng nhan tai.
Nang cao hieu lye quan ly cua Nha nude. Neu
cao vi tri va vai trd eiia Qude hgi va hdi ddng
nhan dan cac cap, tao dieu kien cho cac ca quan
dan cir thyc hien dung chirc nang, nhiem vu va
quyen han theo Hien phap quy dinh. Tang
cudng phap che XHCN va quan ly xa hdi bang

* Hoc vien Chinh tri - Hanh chinli Qux gia Ho Chi Minh

phap luat. Phan djnh ranh mach nhiem vu,
quyen han, traeh nhiem ctia ca quan nha nude
timg cap theo nguyen tae tap trung dan ehu,
phan biet rd chirc nang quan ly hanh chinh
-kinh te vdi quan ly san xuat - -kinh doanh, ket
hgp quan ly theo nganh vdi quan ly theo dja
phuang va viing lanh thd. Chan ehinh bd may
quan ly nha nude theo hudng tinh, ggn, cd du
nang lye the che hoa dudng ldi, chu truong ciia
Dang thanh phap luat va chinh sach eu the; xay
dyng va td chirc thuc hien cae ke hoach nha
nude; quIn ly va dieu hanh cd Meu qua cac
hoat dgng kinh te, xa hdi; giir vimg phip luat,
ky cuang va trat hr, an toin xa hdi^. Y tudng ve
Nha nude phap quyen d Dai hgi VI da bat dau
dinh hinh.

Tu tudng dd dugc phat hien lien tuc qua cac
dai hdi VU, Vlll, IX, X. Dai hdi Vil (6-1991) la
budc ngoat trong ly luan ve nha nude. Pham trii
Nha nude chuyen chinh vd san dugc thay bang
pham tril "... nhi nude xa hgi chu nghia, nha
nude eua nhan dan, do nhan dan, vi nhan dan"''.
La td chirc the hien va thyc hien y chi, quyen lye
ciia nhan dan, thay mat nhan dan", "Nha nude

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<b>DANG LANH DAO CONG CUOC DOI MCri </b>

phai cd dil quyen lye va du kha nang dinh ra luat
phap va td chirc, quan ly mgi mat ddi sdng xa

<i>hgi bang phap luat". Cuang linh xdy dimg ddt </i>

<i>nude trong thai ky qud do len chu nghia xa hoi </i>

duge Dai hgi Vll thdng qua da khang dinh:
<i>"Nha nude Viet Nam thong nhdt ba quyen lap </i>
<i>phap, hanh phap va tu phap, vdi sy phdn cong </i>

<i>rdnh mach ba quyen dd"^. </i>

Hdi nghi giiia nMem ky khoa VU (1994) va
Dai hgi Vlll (6-1996) bd sung, phat trien ly luan
ve nha nude va khai Mem "nha nude phap
quyin" lan dau tien dugc dinh danh: "Tang
cudng phap che xa hdi chu ngMa, xay dyng Nha
nude phap quyen Viet Nam. Quan ly xa hgi
bing phap luaf'l Tu tudng Hd CM Mmh ve nha
<i>nude phap quyen dugc the Men trong Tuyen </i>

<i>ngon doc lap (1945) va Hien phdp (1946), qua </i>

<i>hai cudc cMen tranh, den nay chinh thirc duge </i>
dinh danh lai.

Den Dai hdi IX (4-2001), quan diem cua
Ding ve nha nude phap quyen dugc nang len
mot budc mdi, xae dinh rd tinh chat: 'Tslha nude
ta la cdng cy chu yeu de thyc Men quyen lam
chil cua nhan dan, la Nha nude phap quyen ciia
dan, do dan, vi dan"^. Ky hgp thir 10 Qude hdi

Khoa X (12-2001) da sira ddi, bd sung mot sd
dieu trong///ew/j/zap nam 1992.

<i>Dai hgi X (4-2006) tiep tuc xdy dung vd </i>

<i>hodn thien nhd nude phdp quyen XHCN bang </i>

nhimg quan diem rat cu the: "Xay dyng ca che
van hanh eua Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi chu
ngMa, bao dam nguyen tic tit ea quyen lye nha
nude deu thudc ve nhan dan; quyen lye nha
nude la thdng nhat, cd sy phan cdng, phdi hgp
gi&a cae ca quan trong viec thyc Men quyen lap
phap, hanh phap va tu phap. Hoan tMen he
thdng phap luat, tang tinh cy the, kha tM cua

cac quy dinh trong van ban phap luat. Xay
dyng, hoan tMen ca che kiem ha, giam sat tinh
hgp Min, hgp phap trong cac hoat dgng va
quyit dinh ciia cac ca quan cdng quyen"'. Den
nay, Nha nude ta da duge dinh danh la nha
nude phap quyen, nhu mot tat yeu hong quan
diem cua DCS Viet Nam va cMnh thirc dugc
Min dinh, va khdng thi dao ngugc hong tien
trinh cai each cMnh hi. Nha nude phap quyen,
vdi tu each la hpc thuyet ve td chiic va thyc
Men quyin lye nha nude, la tinh hoa cua nhan
loai ed ngudn gdc tir thai ky cd dai cd the dugc
ap dung d cac nude tren ca sd nhimg net dac
hnng vl van hoa, eWnh tri, tu Urdng - phap ly,

truyin thong dan tgc. Xay dyng nha nude phap
quyin d Viet Nam hoan toan khdng phai la xay
dyng mot kieu nha nude mdi, thoat ly nhiing
nguyen ly phd bien ctia chii ngMa Mac- Lenin,
hr tudng Hd CM Mmh ve nha nude XHCN.
Ddi vdi nude ta, xay dung nha nude phap
quyen la ndi tdi phuang thiic td chiic nen cMnh
tri XHCN vdi mye dieh khdng ngimg duy tri
ban chat giai cap eong nhan va tinh nhan dan
cua Nha nude, phat huy cao dp dan chii XHCN,
lam cho Nha nude that sy trong saeh, vung
manh, nang cao Meu lye quan ly. Xay dyng nha
nude phap quyen XHCN d nude ta hong hon
20 nam ddi mdi cd the nit ra nhimg van de
quan trpng sau:

<i>Thu nhdt, ban chat eiia Nha nude ta phai la </i>

Nha nude ciia nhan dan, do nhan dan, vi nhan
dan; mgi quyen lye ehinh hi va quyen lye nha
nude thudc ve nhan dan, nhan dan tryc tiep sir
dung quyen lye eua mmh hoac thdng qua cac ca
quan nha nude do minh tryc tiep bau ra. Ngi
dung nay duge khlng dinh la nguyen tie ca ban
cM dao xay dyng nha nude phap quyen. Dieu 1

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<b>DANG LANH DAO CONG cuoc DOI M01 </b>

Hien phap 1946 da neu: "Nude Viet Nam la
mot nude dan chu cdng hoa. Tit ea quyin binh

Uong nude la cua toan thi nhan dan Viet Nam,
khdng phan biet ndi gidng, gai trai, giau ngheo,
giai cip, tdn giao". Nguyen tie dd dugc tiep tyc
khang dinh d cae Hien phap 1959, 1980. Hiln
phap 1992 the Men toan dien hon, sau sic hon,
frong dieu 2 cM rd: "Nha nude Cdng hoa xa hpi
chil ngMa Viet Nam la Nha nude eua nhan dan,
do nhan dan, vi nhan dan. Tat ca quyen lye Nha
nude thudc ve nhan dan ma nen tang la lien
minh giai cap cdng nhan vdi giai cap ndng dan
va tang Idp tri thuc"^

<i>77;!^ hai, thyc tien ddi mdi da cM ra Nha </i>
nude phai dugc td chirc va hoat dgng tren ca sd
Hien phap, phap luat va khang dinh vi tri, vai
trd cua phap luat hong quan ly nha nude va xa
hgi, sao cho bao dam dugc tinh tdi cao ciia
Hien phap trong ddi sdng xa hgi. Hien phap
1946 ra ddi khdng cM khang dinh tinh hgp
Men, hgp phap cua nha nude ma edn la nen
tang phap ly cho nha nude phap quyen kieu
mdi. Ke thira va phat trien cac giai doan chti
nghia lap Men (constituhonalism), Hien phap
1992 cua nude Cdng hoa XHCN Viet Nam,
xuat phat tir quan diem cua Dang ve dieu cMnh
nhung che djnh ldn, trong dd: "Nha nude quan
ly xa hdi bang phap luat, khdng ngimg tang
cudng phap che xa hdi chu ngMa. Cae co quan
Nha nude, td chiic kinh te, td chirc xa hdi, don
vi vii trang nhan dan va mgi cdng dan phai

ngMem cMnh chap hanh Hien phap va phap
luat, dau hanh phdng ngira va chdng cac tdi
pham, cae vi pham Hien phap va phap luat.
Mgi hanh ddng xam pham lgi ich eua Nhi
nude, quyin va lgi ich hgp phap cua tap the va
cua cdng dan dlu bi xu ly theo phap luat"'.

<i>Thii ba, td chiic va hoat ddng cua bd may nha </i>

nude ta phai tuan thii nguyen tae "quyen lye nha
nude la thdng nhat cd sy phan cdng, phdi hgp
giiia cac co quan thyc Men cac quyen lap phap,
hanh phap, tu phap". Xuyen sudt ca bdn ban Hien
phap 1946, 1959, 1980, 1992 deu the Men quan
diem dd. Bg may nha nude Uudc day duge td
chiic theo nguyen tae tap quyen XHCN nay dugc
td chirc lai theo nguyen tac quyen lye nha nude la
thdng nhit, cd sy phan cdng rd rang va phdi hgp
chat che giUa cac co quan quyen lye nha nude
trong viec thyc Men cac quyen lap phap, hanh
phap, tu phap. Qude hdi dugc xac dinh la ca quan
quyen luc nha nude cao nhat eua nude Cdng hda
XHCN Viet Nam; co quan duy nhat cd quyen lap
Men va lap phap; thuc Men quyen giam sat tdi cao
ddi vdi toan bd hoat ddng cua Nha nude va quyet
dinh nhiing van de quan frgng cua dat nude.

CMnh phii la "ca quan chap hanh quyen lye,
CO quan hinh cMnh nha nude cao nhat cua
nude Cdng hda XHCN Viet Nam". Chinh phu

khdng cdn thuan tiiy la mdt ehe dinh hdi ddng,
lanh dao tap the ma da frd thanh mdt che djnh
dugc td chirc va hoat ddng tren co sd ket hgp
ehe do lanh dao tap the vdi che do thu tudng.
Vi hi, chirc nang, traeh nMem va quyen han cua
Chinh phu da dugc xac dinh rd hon, la ca quan
hanh phip. Cai cich hanh chinh da dugc tien
hanh budc dau cd Meu qua; td chirc, hoat ddng
va dieu hanh cua CM'nh phu da cd nhiing budc
ddi mdi, tap trung vao cac cdng viec quan ly vl
md, xay dyng ca che, chinh sich; da tach din
chiic nang quan ly nha nude va chirc nang quan
ly san xuat - kmh doanh; bd may cua CMnh phii
da dugc tinh ggn mot bude; ddi ngu can bd
quan ly nha nude, can bd quan ly kinh tl da
dugc cimg cd. CMnh quyen dia phuang cQng

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<b>DANG LANH DAO CONG CUOC DO! Mtri </b>

dugc ciing ed mdt budc. GiUa trung uong va
dja phuang da dugc phan cap manh; tham
quyen va traeh -.ihiem cua mdi cap ehinh quyen
cQng dugc qu> djnh.

Cac CO quan tu phap duge cimg cd va cd
nhimg ddi mdi bude dau ve td chirc va hoat
ddng. Tda an dugc xac dinh la trung tam cua cai
each tu phap; trong he thdng tda an da thanh lap
them nMeu tda an chuyen hach, phan cap lai
tham quyen xet xir cua tda an cac cap. Viec xet

xii ciia tda an dam bao cho mgi cdng dan deu
binh dang trudc phap luat, dan chii, khach quan;
viee phan quyet eua tda an ehii yeu phai can cir
vao ket qua tranh tung tai pMen tda tren co sd
xem xet day dii, toan dien cac chimg cir, y kien
ciia kiem sat vien va cac ben duong sy; cac co
quan tu phap cd hach nMem tao dieu kien de
luat su tham gia vao qua trinh td tung...

Chirc nang, nhiem vy ciia vien kiem sat da
dugc dieu chinh lai. Vien kiem sat chi thyc hanh
quyen cdng td va kiem sat hoat ddng tu phap.
Vien kiem sat cac cap chiu trach nhiem ve viec
de oan sai trong viec bat, tam giii, tam giam.
Vien kiem sat dja phuong ehiu sy giam sat cua
hdi ddng nhan dan d dia phuang.

<i>Thu tu, bao dam sy lanh dao cua DCS </i>

Viet Nam ddi vdi Nha nude trong qua trinh
xay dung nha nude phap quyen XHCN cua
dan, do dan, vi dan. Ciing vdi tien trinh ddi
mdi he thdng chinh tri, ndi dung va phuang
thirc lanh dao eua Dang ddi vdi Nha nude
cGng dugc ddi mdi, vira tang cudng vai trd
lanh dao ciia Dang, vira phat huy trach nhiem,
tinh chil dpng sang tao ciia cac ca quan nha
nude. Da thanh mdt nep chung rit ro net vl
viec cac cap chinh quyin, tir Chinh phii, Thu
tudng den lanh dao cac dja phuang thudng

xuyen tiep xue, gap gd nhan dan, lang nghe va
tdn trgng y kien ciia nhan dan.

2. Ben canh nhiing thanh tyu da dat dugc
trong qua hinh ddi mdi. Dang ta da kip thdi nhin
rd nhimg mat yeu kem, thay rd nhimg khd khan,
vudng mac mdi can giai quyet. Dd la cac van de
nhu bg may nha nude ta chua that sy hong sach,
vilng manh; tmh ttang tham nhung, lang pW,
quan lieu cdn ngMem Ugng, chua dugc ngan
chan; Meu lye va kha nang quan ly, dieu hanh
eiia cac ca quan quyen lye nha nude chua ngang
tam vdi tinh Mnh mcii, chua phat huy day dii mat
hch eye eiia quan chiing nhan dan; td chirc bg
may nha nude cdn nang ne, phan cdng, phdi hgp
gi&a cac ca quan quyen lye nha nude hong viec
thyc Men 3 quyen: lap phap, hanh phap, tu phap
cdn nhieu diem ehua rd rang ve chiic nang,
nhiem vy, phan cap giila trung uong - dia
phuang cdn nMeu mat ehua cy the. Sy phan
cdng, phdi hgp chua thudng xuyen, cdn nMeu
vudng mac, trimg lip. Cdng tac hr phap cdn bpc
Id nMeu han ehe, cac che dinh luat dan sy va td
hmg cdn nMeu bat cap, cham dugc sira ddi, bd
sung. Ddi ngQ can bd tu phap, hd trg tu phap cdn
tMeu; trinh do ngMep vu, ban llnh cMnh tri cua
mdt bd phan can bg cdn yeu, tham cM cd mdt sd
can bd sa sut ve pham chat dao dire va trach
nhiem nghe nghiep. Van cdn tinh hang oan, sai

hong dieu ha, bat, giam giir, truy td, xet xu; su
lanh dao eiia Dang chua dap img yeu cau ciia sy
ddi mdi td chirc va hoat ddng eiia nha nude phap
quyen. Van edn tinh hang budng Idng va bao
bien, ehdng cheo nen chua phat huy tdt vai trd
lanh dao eiia Dang va Meu lye dieu hanh eua bg
may quyen luc nha nude.

Cd nhieu nguyen nhan gay ra nhimg yeu kem
cua he thdng chinh tri, ciia bd may nha nude,

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<b>DANG LANH DAO CONG CUOC DOI MOT </b>

Uong dd chil yeu la do viec xay dyng nha nude
phap quyen XHCN ti-ong dilu kien chuyin ddi
nen kinh te la nMem vu mdi me; Meu biet cua
chiing ta cdn it, cd nMeu viee phai vira lam, vira
tim tdi, nit kinh nghiem; chua kjp thdi xir ly
nhimg van de phat sinh trong thyc tiln doi mdi,
dac biet la nhung van de ndi len ngay cang hire
xue nhu tinh trang quan lieu, lang pM, tham
nhiing, tMeu ti-ach nMem trong bd may nha
nude; thieu nhiing bien phap cai each, nhat la cai
each hanh cMnh, cai each tir phap; td chirc thyc
<i>Men chil truong ehua kien quyet va chua dii </i>
manh de tao chuyen Men tich eye nham khac
phuc nhiing khuyet diem, yeu kem.

3. De thyc Men dinh hudng ctia Dai hdi X
cua Dang "tiep tyc xay dyng va hoan tMen Nha

nude phip quyen xa hdi chii ngMa Viet Nam",
can thyc hien mdt sd bien phap sau:

<i>Mot Id, hong qua hinh xay dyng nha nude </i>

phap quyen XHCN phai ludn ludn quan hiet
nguyen tae tat ea quyen lye nha nude thudc ve
nhan dan, thyc Men dan ehii, phat huy sy sing
tao ciia nhan dan. De thuc hien nguyen tac nay
can dam bao mgi lgi ich va quyen hanh deu
thudc ve nhan dan, nhat thiet phai giai quyet
nhung van de kinh te - xa hdi, phat trien sy
nghiep giao due, van hoa, y te.... Mudn dam bao
mgi lgi ich va quyen hanh deu thudc ve nhan
dan, phai kien quyet dau h^anh chdng nhiing Men
tugng vi pham phap luat ma ndi bat la tham
nhung va budn lau, xam pham cac quyen tu do,
dan chil ciia cdng dan; lam hang gia, tidn - gian
lan thue... gay tdn that ldn eho Nha nude vl
nhan dan. Can phai tap hgp rdng rai mgi lye
lugng quan chung nhan dan, phit huy day dii
kha nang va tii tiie ciia toan dan de ciing lo viee
nude. Hon nira, mgi quyen hanh cM thudc ve

nhan dan kM ed mdt ca che titich hgp de nhan
dan cd the tryc tiep giam sat cac hoat ddng ciia
Qude hdi va dai bieu Qude hdi, ciia hdi ddng
nhan dan va dai bieu hdi ddng nhan dan cac cap,
cQng nhu giam sat mgi hoat ddng eua cac ca quan
quyen lye nha nude va vien chirc nha nude.

<i>Hai Id, giai quyet tdt mdi quan he gi&a cdng </i>

dan va Nha nude. Day II mdi quan he ehinh tri
CO ban de xay dyng nha nude phap quyen cua
dan, do dan va vi dan. Ca sd de giai quyet mdi
quan he nay ti-ong nha nude phap quyen XHCN
la van de quyen va ngMa vy ciia tat ca mgi ngudi
duge phap luat gM nhan va bao ve. Trong dd
Nha nude de ra phap luat, ddng thdi phai tuan
thu phip luat va bao dam eho cdng dan dugc
chdng lai cMnh sy tiay tien ctia Nha nude; Nha
nude phai dam bao cho cdng dan sy an toan
phip ly, dugc hudng cac quyen tii do eo ban dd.
Mat khac chdng long quyen, lam quyen va
ehdng nhiing hanh vi Ur do vd chinh phu.

<i>Ba Id, xay dung quyen lye nha nude cua cac </i>

cdng dan tren nen tang mdt he thdng phap luat
ngay cang hoan thien. Xay dyng quyeh lye nha
nude hong quan he xa hdi eua cac cdng dan la
xay dyng mdt he thdng phap luat tien nen dan
chu thyc sy, xuat phat tii nhan dan va vi nhan
dan. Phap luat phai dinh hudng eho mgi cdng
dan va td chirc xa hdi vuon tdi cai chan, thien,
my, -vuon tdi tiJ do dich thyc cua con ngudi.
Xay dyng cac co quan quyen lye nha nude la
phai tao ra mdt he thdng cMnh tii ti-ong dd cdng
dan la nen tang, la nggn ngudn, la mue dich cua

mgi quyen lye nha nude.

<i>Bon Id, nha nude phap quyen XHCN phai </i>

duge td chirc va van hanh theo nguyen tic tap
tiung dan chu dudi sy lanh dao ciia Dang Cdng
san. Tap tiding dan chii la nguyen tic can bin, la

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<b>DANG LANH DAO CONG CUOC DOI MCri </b>

yeu cau hr nMen va tit yeu eua viec xay dyng nha
nude phap quyen va nen dan chu XHCN. Tap
hung dan chu hong nha nude phap quyen XHCN
la su can tMet hgp ly de tiMi tiiii dan chu bat
chap phap luat, vugt qua hanh dgng phap ly de roi
vao til do vd cMnh phii. Nd ket hgp tinh tdn hgng
dan chil, tdn trgng cac quyet dinh cua tap hung
vdi tinh than tiach nMem ciia cac td chirc va cac
ca nhan cd quyen lye. Diem quan tipng cua
nguyen tae tap tiung dan chii trong nha nude
phap quyen la de cao tinh than tdn tipng phap
luat, hoat ddng hgp Men, hgp phap, tiiyc Men sy
binh ding ctia mgi td ehiie va ca nhan budc phap
luat, xac lap ranh mach quy che, chiic ti-ach, bdn
<i>phan cdng chirc truac Nha nude va xa hdi. </i>

<i>Ndm Id, tang cudng sy lanh dao eua Dang ddi </i>

vdi nha nude phap quyen XHCN nham dam bao
cho Nha nude mang ban chat cua giai cap cdng

nhan va tinh nhan dan sau sac, thyc sy la Nha
nude cua dan, do dan, vi dan. Sy lanh dao cua
Dang phai nham phat huy siic manh tdng hgp
eiia he tiidng cMnh tii, giiip Nha nude hoan
thanh mgi nMem vu ciia minh. Dang lanh dao
Nha nude bang nhiing phuang thirc: Dang lanh
dao Nha nude the che hoa cac quan dilm cMnh
tii CO ban ciia minh; Dinh hudng Nha nude to
chire thyc hien cd Meu qua nhimg nghi quyet da
dugc the ehe hoa; Lanh dao cdng tie can bd
ngay tiong cac ca quan quyen lye nha nude...

De tang cudng sy lanh dao cua Dang doi
vdi Nha nude phai ddi mdi va cMnh ddn
Dang, nang eao nang lye lanh dao va sire
cMen dau ciia Dang. Vai trd lanh dao ciia
Dang ddi vdi Nha nude khdng phai nhd vao
uy quyin, menh lenh, ma d trinh do, nang lye
dinh hudng chinh tri diing din va thdng qua
cdng tac tuyen truyen, thuylt phuc, tinh guang

mau va vai trd tien phong chien dau ctia to
chuc Dang va ddi ngQ can bp, dang vien, d sy
gan bd, tin nhiem eiia quan chiing ddi vdi
Dang, lam cho mgi td chiic va toan xa hdi ty
giac chap nhan.

Ddi mdi, chinh ddn Dang bao gdm ddi mdi npi
dung va phuang thirc lanh dao cua Dang, xac dinh
diing mdi quan he giua Dang va Nha nude; Dang

lanh dao Nha nude, lanh dao xay dyng nen phap
che, nhung Dang va mpi dang vien hoat dpng
trong khudn khd Hien phap va phap luat, guong
mau chap hanh chinh sach va phap luat; Dang
khdng lan san, khdng lam thay Nha nude.

Hien nay khdng ed mpt lye lugng chinh tri
nao cd the tiiay tiie dugc vi tii, vai hd lanh dao
ciia DCS ddi vdi Nha nude phap quyen XHCN
Viet Nam. Van de dd khdng cM mang tinh
nguyen tie dugc khang dinh tir ly luan Mac
-Lenin, tu tiidng Hd CM Mmh, ma cdn la kit luan
dugc nit ra til tiiyc tien eua each mang Viet Nam.

<i>1. Vdn kien Ddng Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2006, T47, </i>
tr.562

<i>2. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hpi dgi </i>

<i>biiu lodn qude ldn Ihic VI, ST, H, 1987, tr. 117 </i>

<i>3. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hpi </i>

<i>dgi biiu lodn quPc ldn ihic VII, ST, H, 1991, tr.l 13. </i>

<i>4. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Ddng Todn </i>
% CTQG, H, 2007, T51,tr. 146

<i>5. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dai hpi dgi </i>

<i>biiu todn qude ldn ihic VIU, CTQG, H, 1996, tr.l29 </i>

<i>6. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hpi dgi </i>

<i>biiu todn quPc ldn MIX, CTQG, H, 2001, tr. 131. </i>

<i>7. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hpi dgi </i>

<i>biiu lodn quPc ldn ihicX, CTQG, H, 2006, tr.l26 </i>

<i>8. 9. Hiin phdp Viel Nam (nam 1946, 1959, 1980 </i>
va 1992), CTQG, H, 1995, tr.l37,140.

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