Nhân tố quốc tế trong sự phát triển xã hội và quản lý xã hội.

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<b>CHINH TRI -AN NINH CHAU AU </b>

<b>NHfiN TO QUOC TE TRONG SCT PMHT TRIEN Xfi HQI </b>

<b>Vfi QUf^N LY X^ Hpl </b>

<i>Trong thai dai hoi nhap quoc te. md\ </i>
hen he giua trong nuac va ngoai nuac het
sue chat che, tac dong qua lai lan nhau. Su
phat trien xa hpi cua moi quoc gia khong the
khdng tinh den tac dpng ciia nhan td qudc te.
Nhung nhan to nay co the tao ra thuan ipi
hay can tra su phat trien la tiiy theo nhan
thuc va each van dung nhung nhiin to do
trong tien trinh thuc hien nhung inuc tieu cua
xahpi.

Co the de cap den ba khia canh ciia nhan
td qudc te tac dpng den su phat trien xa hpi
va quan ly phat trien xa hpi, bao gom:

1. Nhan thuc ve xu hucVng phat trien xa
hpi tren pham vi qudc te;

2. Nghien ciru va van dung kinh nghiem
quoc te trdng quan ly xa hpi;

3. Phat huy tinh tu chii, tu cuang ve
phat trien xa hpi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi
trdng quan he qudc te.

<b>1. Nhan thiic ve xu huong phat trien </b>

<b>xa hoi tren pham vi quoc te </b>

Muc tieu ciia Dang va nhan dan ta la
den nam 2020 Viet Nam se tra thanh mot
nuac cong nghiep theo huang hien dai. Vdi
duang loi lanh dao diing dan va su no luc

<b>GS. Vu DiTOTig Ninh </b>

<i>Dgi hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi </i>

cua toan dan, chung ta co the dat dupc nhung
chi so ve dp tang truong, ve tdng san pham
quoc npi, ve thu nhap tinh theo dau nguai, ve
kim ngach xuat nhap khau... NghTa la ve mat
dinh lupng, cac nha chuyen mon cd the tinh
tdan va de ra cac chi tieu de dat va vupt muc
ke hdach.

Song di voi su tang trudng kinh te phai
la su phat trien xa hpi. Va den nam 2020,
tren ca sd mpt nen kinh te cdng nghiep, xa
hpi Viet Nam cd trd thanh mpt xa hpi cdng
nghiep hay khdng, da dupe cai la mot xa hpi
cong nghiep hay chua? Duong nhien moi
quan he giCra kinh te va xa hoi gan bd chat
che vdi nhau nhmig khong phai khi tien len
kinh te cong nghiep thi xa hpi duang nhien
se trd thanh xa hpi cong nghiep. Van de dat
ra chinh la lam cho xa hpi phat trien tuong

thich vdi su phat trien ciia kinh te va muon
vay, can nhan thuc diing xu the phat trien
<i>ciia the gidi, hay ndi each khac la nhdn thdc </i>
<i>dimg xu the tien trien ciia vdn minh nhdn </i>
<i>logi qua cdc thai dgi. </i>

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<b>NGHIEN COU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°9 (108).2009 </b>

Trong khi dd. the gidi da co budc tien kha xa.
da \"uat qua thdi ky \an minh ndng nghiep tu
lau. dang phat trien trong thdi k\ \an minh
cdng nghiep \a cac nudc tien tien da budc
dau tien vao thdi ky \ an minh thdng tin.

Mudn dudi kip mpt khoang each dai
trong mpt thdi gian ngan thi trudc het phai
tha}' dupe xu the phat trien cua cac nen van
minh va nhung quy tac ca ban ciia timg nen
\ an minh. Du la chu nghTa tu ban hay chu
nghTa xa hpi thi mpt xa hpi cdng nghiep hien
dai deu phai tuan theo nhung quy tac chung
phii hpp vdi nen san xuat cdng nghe tien tien.
Theo .Ah in Toftler trong Dot sdng thu ba. cd
the diic ket nhung nguyen tac ca ban ciia xa
hpi van minh cdng nghiep la mpt xa hdi
<i>dupe lieu chudn hda, cluiyen mdn hoa. dong </i>
<i>bg hda vd tap trung hda'. Trong khi do, a </i>
trinh dp cua \ an minh ndng nghiep. ben canh
nhimg uu diem cd tinh truyen thdng. xa hdi
ta cdn mang nhieu nhupc diem can dupe

khac phuc de thich nghi \di xu hudng chung
cua the gidi. Cd nhieu each de phan tich
nhimg mat yeu kem nay. nhung tuu chung,
cd the neu len 4 diem yeu ca ban trong xa
<i>hdi la: thieu ky- lugt. thieu chinh xdc. thieu </i>
<i>phdi hgp vd thieu trdch nhiem. Da\' khdng </i>
phai la hien tuong dung vdi tat ca mpi nganh.
tat ca mpi nghe va tat ca mpi ngudi. song
neu quy chieu vao bat cir mdt ITnh vuc nao,
tu giao thdng. \a\ dung, thuang mai den
giao due. y te \ a cac ca quan quan ly xa hdi
deu cd the phat hien ra dieu nay. Dd la he
qua khd tranh khdi cua nhung thdi quen hinh
thanh trona hana naan nam cua nen van

<i>' Xem Al\ in TofTler: Dai sdng thu ba. Nxb Chinh tri </i>
Quoc gia. Ha Noi. 1996.

minh ndng nghiep ma khdng phai bdng chdc

cd the khac phuc ngay.

Ngay na\. do nhirng dieu kien lich su.
su phat trien cua Viet Nam dang dien ra hien
<i>tuong "chong ldn". "dan xen" giua ha nin </i>
<i>\an minh. Hinh anh ngudi ndng dan di xe </i>
may ra canh ddng. ldi xudng biin sau keo cay
sau con trau, tay van cam dien thoai di dpng
ndi chu\en vdi nai xa khdng cdn la hien
<i>tuong la. Cu nhin \ao cac "thdnh phd </i>

<i>-ldng" hay cae "ldng - do thi" ma chung ta </i>
dang sdng thi thay ro su dan xen, ddng thdi
<i>cung bpc Id "do venh" giOra cac nen \ an </i>
minh ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep va thdng tin
trong xa hpi ta ma mudn tien len. nhat thiet
phai khac phuc.

Su lanh dao cua Dang chi'nh la khang
dinh ducmg hudng phat trien cua xa hdi Viet
Nam theo xu the cua van minh cdng nghiep
va budc dau tien vao van minh thdng tin. Do
va\. can chieu theo cac quy tac ca ban cua
xa hpi cdng nghiep ma khac phuc nhung mat
yeu kem, td chirc thuc hien theo nhung quy
tac chung cua xa hdi hien dai. Chung ta da
het sue cd gang bang nhieu chii truong,
chinh sach va bien phap de dua su phat trien
di vao nen nep cua nd, nhung neu chua xac
dinh mdt each chinh xac \ a day du nhung
quy chuan cua mdt xa hpi cdng nghiep thi su
phat trien xa hpi khdng tranh khdi bi tri tre
va lac hau. khd hdi nhap vao ddng chay
chung cua xa hpi hien dai.

<b>2. Nghien ciiu va van dung kinh </b>
<b>nghiem quoc te trong quan ly xa hoi </b>

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<i><b>Odidn lo (iitoe te... </b></i>

gat hai thanh cdng trong su phat trien xa hdi

va quan ly phat trien xa hdi. Hpc tap kinh

nghiem va van dung vao hoan canh cu the
ciia nudc ta la dieu rat can thiet de cd the di
tat va dudi kip (chua ndi den di tat ddn dau).

Nhung hpc tap ai va hpc nhu the nad? Chiing
ta da cd y thirc ve viec nay, da cU nhieu doan

can bd di khao sat nhieu nudc va da cd gang
van dung kinh nghiem cua hp vao thuc tien
nudc nha. Song nen phan ldai 3 ddi tuong

can dupc khao sat:

<i>Trudc het Id nhirng nirdc cd trinh do </i>
<i>phdt trien cao: O day viec quan ly phat trien </i>
xa hdi gan nhu hoan thien vdi he thdng luat
phap chuan muc ciing nhifng ca che chat che
va phuong phap dieu hanh hieu qua. Dd la
nhii'ng mau hinh can dupc khad sat, sdng cai
khd la tir trinh dp rat cao, van dung vao mdt
mdi trudng cdn rat thap nhu d ta thi rd rang
Cd nhieu dieu chua the thich ung. Tuy nhien,
viec khad sat cac nudc Bac Au, vdi dan sd
quy md vua phai, vdi nhung thanh tuu trang
phat trien xa hdi dan chu va cdng bang, vdi

trinh dp quan ly xa hdi chat che thi se dem
lai nhieu Ipi ich cd y nghTa thuc tien. Kinh

nghiem ciia cac nha nude dung tdp tren ve
chi sd minh bach se giup ta ve phuong phap
phdng tranh va diet trir nan tham nhung, cua
quyen; Ddng thdi di sau tim hieu cac van de
ve chinh phu phiic Ipi, an sinh xa hdi va ve
ly thuyet phat trien ciia hp.

<i>Nhimg nirac cdch day vdl ba thdp nien </i>

<i>dd timg cd xudt phdt diem thdp gdn nhir ta, </i>
<i>nha cd thai gian hda binh xdy dimg (trong </i>

<i>khi ta phai tien hdnh khdng chien). hg dd </i>
<i>tirng budc bdt kip xu the cdng nghiep vd hien </i>
<i>dgi. Lay mdt sd nudc Ddng Nam A hay Dai </i>

Loan, Han Qudc lam vi du. Hp da giai quyet
nhirng van de tuong tu nhu ta hien nay trong

budc chuyen tu xa hdi ndng nghiep sang xa
hdi cdng nghiep. Den nay, trinh dp phat trien
cua hp chua phai la da cao, tham chi cdn
nhieu van de can giai quyet de xa hpi thuc su
phat trien theo hudng hien dai. NghTa la day
chua phai la nhung mau hinh hoan had.
Nhung chinh tu su chua hdan had dd ma ta
thay dupc nhung van de ciia ta nam trdng dd
va tim hieu each xu ly ciia hp ciing nhiing
thanh bai ciia hp. Viec Dang, Nha nudc ta cd
quan he giad luu vdi cac dang cam quyen,

vdi cac chinh phu va cac chien lupc gia ciia
cac nudc nay chinh la de khai thac nhiing
kinh nghiem gan gui va thiet thuc ddi vdi ta.

<i>Nhirng nudc cimg trong phgm trii y thirc </i>
<i>he XHCN nhir ta, dac biet la Trung Qudc, </i>
phai trai qua nhieu su dieu chinh de thich

irng vdi nen kinh te thi trudng se cho ta
nhieu kinh nghiem gan gui. Dang tren tien

trinh cai each, md hinh nay ciing chua hdan
thien, nhung chinh tir nhirng thanh bai ciia
hp ma riit ra nhirng kinh nghiem rat thiet

thuc vdi ta. Nhieu ngudi cd dip khad sat
hdac tham quan Trung Qudc van dat ra cau

hdi: Tai sad mpt nudc ddng dan nhu vay,
trinh dp van minh ndng nghiep van cdn dam
net ma tao nen dupc sir phat trien xa hpi

tuang ddi ky luat va trat tu, it nhat la d cac
thanh phd? Hp giai quyet kha gpn gang

nhung van de dang cdn nhuc nhdi ddi vdi ta
nhu: giai toa nha dat, quan ly do thi, trat tu
giao thdng... Vay, kinh nghiem trong viec

phat trien xa hdi va quan ly phat trien xa hpi

ciia hp la gi? Ndi dan gian hon, kinh nghiem

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<b>NGHIEN CQU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°9 (1081.2009 </b>

Tir nhung loai hinh tren, cd nhieu cau

hdi can dupc giai dap den nai den chdn tir ly

luan den thuc tien xa hpi de due rut thanh
nhirng kinh nghiem ca ban ma ta can van

dung, can lam theo. Ro rang la trong van de

nay, nhan td qudc te neu dupc khai thac diing

se tao nen cai ma ta thudng gpi la "Ipi the
cua ngudi di sau".

<b>3. Phat huy tinh ty chii, t y cuong ve </b>

<b>phat trien xa hoi va quan ly phat trien xa </b>
<b>hoi trong quan he quoc te </b>

Kinh nghiem qudc te cd nhieu, rat da

dang, rat phong phu, nhung rut ra dupc dieu
gi cho ta, gan Ipc kinh nghiem gi cd Ipi nhat
lai la van de cua chinh ta, bat ngudn tir tinh

than tu chu va tu cudng ciia ta. Trong thdi

dai toan cau hda va hdi nhap, quan he ddi

ngoai dupc md rdng, thuan Ipi cd nhieu song
thach thuc khdng it, nhat la khi dung trudc
nhirng sire ep tir nhieu phia.

Chpn lua con dudng phat trien xa hdi la
cdng viec cua tirng qudc gia, timg dan tdc,

song mudn ldi keo qudc gia dd, dan tpc dd di
theo minh lai la chinh sach ciia cac nudc ldn.
Nhat la khi ma tiem luc kinh te cua ta chua

cao, nang luc qudc phdng ciia ta chua manh,
trinh dp quan ly xa hdi cua ta cdn non yeu thi

gin giij dupc quyen tu chu khdng phai la de
dang. Su phat trien xa hpi thieu dn dinh, viec
quan ly phat trien xa hdi thieu minh bach,

niem tin cua ngudi dan bi xdi mdn bdi nan
cua quyen va tham nhiing ehinh la ke hd de

cac luc lupng ddi nghjch tang cudng can
thiep. Ma sir Idi keo va can thiep do dien ra
dudi nhieu hinh thirc, thdng qua cac td chirc

chinh phu va phi chinh phu, hoat dpng dudi
cac hinh thirc chinh quy va phi chinh quy, sir

dung cac thu doan bao luc va phi bao lire

khien cho tinh hinh ben trong khdng yen,

quan he ben ngoai khdng dn.

Trong tinh hinh dd, phan tich day dii bdi

canh qudc te va hieu rd y dd cua tung ddi tac
la CO sd de xir ly mdi quan he ddi ngoai mdt
each diing dan va linh hoat vua bao ve dupc

chu quyen qudc gia, vira giii: dung dudng
hudng phat trien xa hpi. Kinh nghiem ve ddi

sach cua cac nudc nhd dirng ben canh lang
gieng to ldn se dem lai bai hpc ve each img
xu de vua giu dupc quyen tu chu, vira phat

huy dupc tinh tu cudng va van duy tri mdi
quan he huu nghi, hpp tac vdi ben ngoai.

Tir ba diem tren, dieu co ban va cd y

nghTa quyet djnh van la xay dung thuc luc,
cung cd va tang cudng thuc luc. Thue luc d

day bat ngudn tir su lanh dao dung dan cua
Dang, tir y chi tu cudng nham phat huy sire
manh cua nhan dan, thiic day su phat trien xa

hdi va quan ly tdt sir phat trien xa hdi.

Cach day 65 nam, khi cudc The chien 2
sap ket thiie, trong bdi canh dat nudc dimg
trudc nguy ca quan Ddng minh tran vao dudi

danh nghTa giai giap quan Nhat, Dang da ra
<i>Thdng cao: "Chit y rdng: Ta co mgnh thi hg </i>

<i>mdi chiu "dem xia den ". Ta yeu thi ta chi la </i>
<i>mgt khi cu trong tay ke khdc, ddu ke dy cd </i>
<i>the Id bgn ddng minh cua ta vgy " '. </i>

Hoan canh ngay nay da ddi khac, song

cd the va can phai coi day la ldi canh bao rat
nghiem khac ma den hdm nay, gia trj thuc

tien van cdn nguyen ven.

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