Những ưu tiên trong chính sách cung cấp ODA của EU và một số nước thành viên

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<b>V A MOT SO N i r d C T H A N H V I E N </b>

1. Cac CO' SO' cho ehinh saeh ho trg'
phat trien ciia EU

<i>LL Dong tit nim Chdn Au ve Pluit </i>
<i>trien (European Consensus on </i>
<i>Development) </i>

EU ludn di diiu trong xiec tham gia xiio
cac nd lire qude te nhiim niing cao hieu qua
vien trg thdng qua su phdi hgp xii hiii hda
hda tdt ban xdi eiic ca quan qude te xii eae
nhii till trg khiie trong hgp tiie pluit trien. Su
tham gia miy duge dii} manh hon niia xdi
vice Hdi ddng Chiiu Au thdng qua xiin kien
"Ddng thuiin Chiiu Au ve Phiit trien" viio
thiing 12/2005.

Cd the ndi. hai hoii, dieu phdi vii Idng
ghep Iii mdi quan tiim cbii yeu cua EU (gdm
ciic qudc gia thanh vien va EC). EU dii di
tien phong trong viee de ra ciic chinh siieh
phiit trien, ke tir khi thuc hien Cdng ude
Lome diiu tien (1975). Han nua, theo Hiep
udc Lien minh Chiiu Au, cac qudc gia thanh
x'ien X'ii Uy ban bat budc phai cgng tiic vdi
nhau X'ii phdi hgp ciic boat ddng hgp tac phat
trien eung vdi nhieu viin de khiic. Yeu ciiu
niiy ngiiy cimg quan trgng khi EU nui rdng,
ket nap lhem mudi nude thimh vien mdi

niim 2004 xii 2 nude thimh vien mdi nua

T r a n Thj Thanh Huyen

<i>Vien Nghien ciiru Chiiu Au </i>

niim 2007, nhijng nudc cQng boat dgng tich
cue trong ITnh virc hgp tac phat trien.

EU Cling la mdt thanh vien tieh cue

trong xiiy dirng chuong trinh nghi sir qudc te
nhiim nang cao hieu quii vien trg. Trong qua

trinh chuan bi Hdi nghi Monterrey, thimg

3/2002. Lidi ddng Chiiu Au da ddng y thuc
hien nhung himh ddng eu the ve dieu phoi

chinh siieh xii hiii boii hoii ciie tlui tue trudc

<i>niim 2004. Sir cam kc{ niiy duge khiing dinh </i>

them thdng qua mdt sd cam ket tuong tir
trong Ddng thuan Monterrey. Diip lai cam

ket chinb trj dd, thiing 6 niim 2002, cac nudc

thimh vien EU quyet dinh yeu cau EC trien
khai nhung siing kien thi diem d bdn nude:

Mardc. Nicaragua, Mozambique vii Viet

Nam.

EU dii ap dimg nhung kinh nghiem thii

duge tir nhung sang kien thi diem niiy de

xiiy dung Ke hoach himh ddng ciia EU. Ke

hocich himh ddng nay dii dirge trinh bay tai

Dien dan Clip cao Paris (Paris HLF) vao

thiing hai/thang ba niim 2005. EU dii lieh

cue tham gia Paris HLF vii lhdng qua Luyen

bd Paris x'e Llieu qua Vien trg. Sau dd. ngiiy

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<i><b>iJdiiinij liu lien lioiiij eh inh sach... </b></i>

<b>39 </b>

chuim ""Ddng ihuim Cbiiu .Au ve Phiit trien".

Ddng thuiin dua ra eho EU mdt tiun nhin
ehung X'C gia tri. mue lieu, nguyen tae vii
phuong tien eho phiit trien. ddng thdi nhan

manh vien trg nhieu han xii tiim quan trgng

eua hieu quii viCui trg. Ddng thuiin Chau Au
ve Phiit trien budc ciie qude gia thimh xien

EU vii Uy ban Chiiu Au cam ket dam bao
riing:

• Tilt ca die hd trg nimg eao nimg lue
ciin dugc thue bien thdng qua eae
chuang trinh duge dieu phdi vii tham gia
nhieu ban eua cac nhii tiii trg;

• 50%) su hd trg cua ciie nhii Uii trg se
duge thue hien thdng qua die he thdng
Chinh phu;

• Khdng Iiip them nhiing ban quan Iy

dir im mdi;

<i>• Sd nhiem vu khdng dvxoc diC-u phdi </i>

giiim 50%).

Ndi dung ehinh eua Ddng thuiin Cluiu

Au ve Pluit Irien the hien nhiing cam ket

numb me cua Lien minh Chim .Au trong
cdng cude xda ddi giam ngheo, cung ciip

X'ien Irg nhieu ban xii hieu qua hon eung

nhu lluic diiy ehinh siieh gim ket pluit IrieMi.
xiiy dung mgt the gidi bda binh xii cdng

bimg. TuyC'ii bd bao gdm 2 ndi dung chinh:

• Ndi dung thir nhat tiip trung xiio
'"Tiim nhin pluit trien Lien minh Cliiiii .Au".

Trong ndi dung mi}'. Cdng ddng xii die nude

lhimh X ien dirire liirdim dim eu the trong eiic

boat ddng hgp Uie phiit trien tai Hit ea cac

qudc gia dang phat trien.

<i>Vc'ri muc lieu vien Ircr nhii'ii hern vd lueJii </i>
<i>ejiiei lum. Lien minh Chau .Au cam ket: </i>

- Vdn X ien trg dat 0.7%o tdng ihu nhiip

qude diin (GNl) den nam 2015 (0,56% xiio
niim 2010 Iii mue tieu trung ban);

- 'Thue hien bd trg phat trien edng ddng

dn dinh hon;

- Thuc thi va giiim sat ciic cam ket ve
hieu qua x ien trg;

- Timg bude uing cudng phuong thire
X ien trg ngim siieh. timg cudng tinh tu ehu;

- Tiep lue xda ng x'ii timg cudng gian
ng;

- 'Tiing eirimg phdi he7p x'ii hd trg liin
nhau giiia Cdng ddng vii eiic qude gia thimh
vien.

<i>77///C' dd\' Chinh sdch gdn kit phdi </i>
<i>irii'ii: Nhiin manh den muc tieu hgp tiic </i>
trong tiit Cli die chinh siich cd the tiic ddng
den die nudc dang phiit trien va dam bao
ning eac chinh sach niiy hd trg eho ciic muc
tieu phat trien.

• Ndi dung thu hai cua biin tuyen bd
tap lrung phan anb Chinh siich Pluit trien cua
Cdng ddng Chiiu Au.

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minh vao mdt sd ITnh x'ue uu tien. Cd 9 ITnh
X'UC uu lien gdm: thuang mai x'ii hdi nhiip
khu vuc; mdi trudng x'a quan Iy ben x'lrng
cac ngudn tiii nguyen thien nhien; ea sa ha
tang, thdng tin lien lac x'ii giao thdng; nude
sach va nang lugng; phat trien ndng thdn, ke

hoach su dung dat. ndng nghiep va an ninh
luang thire; quan ly, diin chu. nhan quyen x'ii
hd trg ve mat kinh te va the che; eai each;
ngan ngua xung dot; phat trien nhan lire;
gan ket xa bdi va xiec liun.

Trong tiit ca cae viin de tren, Cdng ddng
se uu tien 4 van de sau: (i) dim chu. quan ly
tdt, nhan quyen. quyen tre em; (ii) binh diing
gidi; (iii) mdi trudng ben vii'ng; va (ix')
chdng dai dieh HIV/AIDS.

Tiep sau vice thdng qua "Ddng thuiin
Chau Au vi3 Pbiit trien". thang 4.2006. Hdi
ddng Chiiu Au vii ciic qude gia thimh vien
da thiio luiin eiic bude cu the ve eiieh thirc de
td chirc tdt ho'ii vice pbiin cdng lao ddng
giua bg vdi nhau.

<i>1.2. Gdn ket chinh sdch vi phdt triSn </i>
<i>(Policy Coherence fur Develupment) </i>

Hd trg tai ehinh mdt each rieng re chua
du de giiip eiic nude dang phat tri§n dat
dirge cac Mue tieu Thien nien ky (MDG).
Sir thire hien eac ehinh sach phi vien trg
cung gdp pluln quan trgng x'iio viec dat dugc
die muc tieu nay. Viee thue thi hieu qua sir
gan ket chinh siich ciia cac qudc gia phat
trien se giup eac qudc gia dang phiit triSn

tien giin han tdi Mue tieu Thien nien ky.
li'cn ea sd dd, EU dua ra 12 linh vuc chinh

sach ed anh hudng tdi thuc hien ciic Muc
tieu Thien nien ky gdm: thuang mai. moi
tnrdng, thay ddi khi hiiu, an ninh, ndng
nghiep, ngir nghiep. khia canh xii hdi cua
toim cau hda, xiec liun xii thiit nghiep. di cu.
nghien ciru xii ddi mdi edng nghe, xii hgi
thdng tin. giao thdng vii ming lugng.

Trong ITnh virc thuong mai, EU cam ket

dam bao phat trien biii bda va tiie ddng ben

x'lrng. EL' tiep tiie eai thien He thdng uu diii

thue quan phd dip (GSP) nhiim thiic diiy
hang hda eua die nude dang phiit trien xuiit

khiiu vao EU. EU tiep ti^ic giin k8t thuang

mai vdi eac chien luge phat trien va ho trg
die nude dang phat trien thue hien ciii ciich

trong nudc.

Ve ITnh virc mdi trudng, EU ho trg cac

nude dang phiit trien thue thi Lliep dinh Moi

trudng da phuang (MEAs). EU eung tii^p

tuc tang cudng cae sang kiSn vii chinh sach
lien quan den mdi trudng vi ngudi ngheo.

Ve van de thay ddi khi hau, EU tiep tuc
khang dinh ciic earn ket ddi vdi Hiep dinh

Kyoto vii quyet tiim phiit triiin ehien lugc

trung han va diii ban nhiim ddi phd vdi

nhung thay ddi khi hau.

Ve an ninh. EU coi an ninh xii phiil

trien lit ciic ITnh vuc bd sung eho nhau, xdi

muc dich ehung lii tao ra mdi trudng an loan

vii pha vd x'dng Iiuin quiin ddi ngheo, chien

tranh. mdi tnrdng suy thoiii, thiit bai cua ca

che chinh trj, xa hdi xii kinh t l EU thuc ddy

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<i><b>iiUiniui lin lien Iromj chinli sacli... </b></i>

<b>41 </b>

ngira xung dot vii uing cudng kiem soat xuiit

khiiu X u khi.

Ve ndng nghiep, EU tiep tuc nd lire
giiim thieu miic do chech budng thuang mai
liC-n quan tdi die phuang thuc bd trg eiia EU
ddi vdi ITnh vire ndng nghiep, vii tao dieu
kien phiU trien ndng nghiep cho cac nude
dang phiit trien.

Ve thiiy siin, EU tiep tuc chu y den phat
trien die muc tieu cua eiie nucic ky ket hiep
dinh song phuang ve thuy san vdi Cdng
ddng. EU da ban himh chinb siich mdi vc
Hiep djnh ddi tiic 'Thuy siin vdi cac nude thii
3 (bat dau dugc thuc thi tir luiin 2003) nhiun
khai thiie bcMi vii'ng ngudn thuy sim cua ciic
qude gia duyOn biii eung nhu diim biio Igi
ich hai ben.

Ve khia canh xii hdi eua toim ciiu hda,
vice liun vii thiit nghiep, EU tich cue day
manh khia canh xii hdi eua toiin eiiu hda,
giiun thieu thiit nghiep nham diim biio Igi ich
Idn nhiit eho tiit cii mgi ngudi. ca nam gidi
vii phu nir.

Ve di cu, EU thire hien die boat d(ing
nhiun liing cudng sir hd trg Lin nhau giiia di
eu vii phiit trien, bien di eu lhimh mgt }eu td
tich. cue eua phiil trien.

Ve nghien ciru x'ii ddi mdi cdng nghe,
EU tiing cudng liC'n ket ciie muc tieu phat
trien vdi ciie chinh siieh ddi mdi edng nghe
vii liep tue ho trg ciie nude dang pbiit trien
ming cao ming lire trong Ihih x'lrc miy. EU
ho trg ciic nd lire Uuin eiui, khu x'lrc vii qude
gia trong linh x ire nghien cuu phat trie'ii. diip

img nhu ciiu cua ngudi ngheo lrong linh virc
chiim sdc sire khoe. bao gdm phdng ngira x a
chua tri HlV/AlDS; trong ITnh x'uc ndng
nghiep; quan Iy mdi trudng va uii nguyen
thien nhien; nSng lugng. dac biet Li niing
lugng tiii tao.

Ve xa bdi thdng tin, EU nit ngiin
khoang each ky thuiit sd bang ciich khai thiic
tiem niing cua cdng nghe thdng tin x a truyen
thdng nhu mot cdng cu phat tricMi xii Iii mgt
ngudn lire quan trgng nhiim dat Muc tieu
TbicMi nien ky.

Ve giao thdng, EL! tieh cue giiii qu}'et
cac nhu ciiu diic biel cua eiie qude gia dang
phiu trien biet iiip xii a vimg dii}'en hiii biing
ciich giiii quyet ciie viin de ve phuong thire,
an ninh xii an toim nhiim dat tdi mdt mang
ludi ket ndi.

Trong xiin de ming lugng. r,U cam ket
manh me diip img nhu cim eua die nudc
dang phiit trien bimg ciich Uing cudng kha
ming tiep ciin ciie ngudn nimg lugng ben
xiing. hd trg ket ndi die mang ludi vii ca sd
ha timg niing lugng.

'TrCui CO sa khudn khd ehien luge ca
ban neu tren. hiing niim, EU de ra ciie khudn
khd eii the cho boat ddng vien trg pluit trien
<i>ehinh lhue eua minh nhu: '/i//? lrung cho </i>
<i>chdu Phi. Chinh sdch Ldng gieng Chdu Au, </i>
<i>Hii'u cpia vien Ire/, Muc lii'U Thien nien ky... </i>

<i><b>2. Uu tien theo khu vuc dja Iy </b></i>

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ddi ngoai cua EU vdi cac qudc gia vii eiie
khu X'UC Do vay. xiec nghien ciiu cac uu
tien trong chinb sach hd trg phat trien cua
EU cho ciic khu vuc ciin dugc xem xet trong
tdng the cae ehinh sach ddi ngoai eua EU
ddi vdi die khu vuc nay.

<i>2.7. Khu vuc Tdy Bancdng </i>

Cae nudc trong khu vuc Tii}' Bancang
dang thuc hien cac nd krc tham gia x'ao qua
trinh hdi nhiip EU. De xiic tien quii trinh
nay. EU da dua ra cac cam ket phdi hgp vdi
cac qude gia thude khu x'uc nay nham dat

dugc dn dinh xii thinh xirgng ehung lrong
khu vuc. 'Tien trinh dn dinh xii lien ket xii
Chiro'ng trinh nghi sir 'Thessaloniki hi co sa
cho die ke hoach himh ddng eu the. Ndi
dung ehinh trong chuong trinh nghi sir
'Thessaloniki lhdng qua thiing 3/2003 de ciip
den die x im de x'c luong lai eua khu x'ue Liiy
Banding xii eiie cam ket hd Irg eua EU cho
ciie nd lire eua eiie qude gia trong khu x'uc
niiy nhiun eung ed diin ehu, dn dinh x'a thiie
day phiit trien kinh te.

Tien trinh dn dinh xii lien ket niim 1999
dli diinh mdt dau mdc quan trgng trong quan
he hgp tiic phiit trien giiia hai khu x'lre
(Stabilisation and Association Process
-SAP). Muc tieu cua SAP la nham giiip cac
nude budng Igi hoim tat qua trinh cbuyin
ddi sang nen kinh te thi trudng, tiSp can cac
lieu chuim cluiu Au x'li timg eirdng hgp tiie
khu X Lie nhiun gia nhiip EU.

<i>Niim 2001, EU dii dc ra Chuang trinh </i>
hd trg 'Tiii thiet, Pluit trien vii On dinh eua

Cdng Ddng (Community Assistance for
Reconstruction. Dexelopment and
Stabilisation programme - CARDS) va day
duge eoi la edng cu tiii chinh chu x'eu cua
EU trong quan be vdi die nudc hudng Igi

SAP. CARDS d(2 ra ke hoach ho trg kiu dai
cua EU tai Tiiy Bancang vdi muc tieu giiip
eac nude nay ciii ciich va xiiy dicing the ehe.
Trong giai doan 2002 - 2006. thdng qua
chuong trinh CARDS, EU dii diinh khoan ho
trg 5,4 ty Euro ebo khu vire niiy.

Tii' thang 1/2007, EU thue hien ho trg
tiii chinb cho Tiiy Baneiing vii Thd NliT Ky
thdng qua Cdng eu Hd trg lien gia nhiip
(Instrumenl Tor PreAecession Assistance
-IPA), thay cho chuang trinh CARDS va cac
edng eu hd trg trudc diiy. IPA bao gom 5
ndi dung chinh: hd trg chuyen ddi va xay
dung the che; hgp tiic xuyen bien gidi; phat
trien khu vuc; phat trien nguon nhim lire va
phiu triC'n ndng thdn.

Hien nay, EU la nbii tiii trg phat triln
chinh thirc ldn nbSt tai khu vuc Tay
Bancang vdi sd ngim sach phan bd eho IPA

giai doan 2007-2009 Iii 41 18.9 trieu Euro.

<i>2.2. Dung An vd Trung A </i>

Hien nay, trong ehinh siieh phiit triSn
ciia EU ddi vdi khu vue Ddng Au vii Trung

A, Chinh siich Liing gieng Chim Au vii cae

hiep dinh hgp tac vii ddi tiie (Partnership and
Cooperation Agreement - PCA) duge coi lii

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<i>iJCIiniuj lin lien leoiii/ chinh such. </i>

<b>43 </b>

Chinb sach Lang gieng Chau Au
(European Neighbourhood Policy - ENP)
dugc xa}' dung vdi mue dich that chat mdi
quan be giua die qudc gia thanh xien EU
xdi cac nude limg gieng ciing nbu thiic day
thinh x'ugng. dn dinh vii an ninh d bien gidi
chiiu Au. Nhii'ng thiicb thue diit ra ddi vdi
cac qudc gia lang gieng nhu ngheo ddi, thiit
nghiep, tham nhung. quan ly yeu kem vii
chien tranh cung chinb la mdi quan tiim cua
EU. Thdng qua Chinh siich Limg gieng
Chau Au, EU hd trg va khuyen khich cac
qude gia Ling gieng thiic diiy thinh virgng,
dn dinh va an ninh trong khu vuc vi Igi ich
hai ben.

Ve hiep dinh hgp tiic vii ddi tiic, den
nay EU dii ky 9 hiep dinh hgp tae vii ddi tiic
vdi die qudc gia Ddng Au vii Trung A vti'i
mue dicTi timg cudng dim chu vii phiU trien
kinh te, chuyen ddi sang nen kinh le thi
trudng, khuyen khich thuang mai va diiu tu
thdng qua hgp tiie tren dien rdng va ddi
thoai chinh trj khu vue. De thuc hien muc
tieu nay. tir niim 1991, EU da de xuiit xii tien

himh Chuong trinh Hd trg ky thuiit cho
Cgng ddng cac qudc gia doe lap (Technical
Assistance in Commonxvealth of
Independent States - TACIS). Diiy la sang
kien cua EU nham muc dich hd trg cae qudc
gia Ddng Au vii Trung A chuyen ddi sang
nen kinh te thj trudng. cai each the che, hd
trg khu vuc tu nhan, bd trg giai quyet hiiu
qua ve mat xii hdi do chux'en ddi kinh te giiy
ra. 1 luit trien ca sd ba timg, bao x'c mdi
trirdng xii pluit triC'ii ndng thdn. Trong giai

doan diiu thi.re hien chuong trinh. tu
<i>1991-1999. EU da hd trg 4.2 \x Euro; giai doan </i>
2000-2006 lii 3.1 ty Euro.

Tir nam 2007. Cdng cu Lang gieng x'ii
Ddi tac Chau .Au (European Neighbourhood
and Partnership Instrument - ENPl) da thay
the cho TACIS trong khudn khd dieu chmh
die hoat ddng bd trg phat trien cho ciie qude
gia Ddng Au va Trung A. Trong ke hoach
ngan sach ENPl giai doan 2007-2013, EU
du kien dimh khoang 12 ty Euro cho ciic
boat ddng hd trg phiit trien d cac qude gia
ddi tac.

<i>2.3. Dia Trung Hdi </i>

Dja Trung liai ki khu x'ue ed tiim quan

trgng mang tinh dia ehien lugc ddi x'di EU,
khdng ehi x'c linh vue kinh te (thuong mai,
<i>nimg lugng, di dim), nui ca xc chinh tri (an </i>
ninh, dn dinh). 'I ren co sa dd, EU coi diiy Iii
mdt khu x'lre uu tien trong chinh siieh ddi
ngoai xii hgp tac phiit trien eua minh.

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kinh te x'ii tiii chinh, tien tdi hinh thimh khu
vuc miiu dieh tu do dn dinh xiio niim 2010;
thuc diiy quan he ddi tac x'e van hda. xa hdi
va con ngudi nham tiing cudng hieu biet Ian
nhau giua eac nen viin hda xii die td chirc xa
bdi diin su.

Tren thue te. trong khi mue lieu dugc

nhan manh la tao thi trudng ndi khdi EU

-Dja Trung Llai, thi vim cd mue tieu ngiim Iii

dat duge sir anh hudng cua EU lai khu vi.re

nay. De dat ciie muc tieu ciia EMP, EU dii

lap ra chuo'ng trinh tiii trg MEDA. Diiy Li

edng cu tiii chinh chu }'eu cua EU trong thue

hien eiie boat ddng hd trg tai chinh x'a ky

thuiit nham ciii ciich kinh te x'ii xa hdi d cac

qudc gia Dja Trung Hiii. Thdng qua chuong

trinh miy, EU dii cam ket dimh 4,7 tx' Euro

cho giai doan 1995-1999 xii 5,4 Euro cho

giai doan 2000-2006, ccmg vdi 7,4 ty Euro

eua Ngiin himg Diiu tu Chiiu Au Uii trg cho

diiu tu.

Thang 1/2007, Cdng eu Lang gieng va

Ddi tiie Cluiu Au (the European

Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument

-ENPl) ra ddi, thay thi eho MEDA. Thdng

qua ENPl, EU hudng nhung uu tien ciia

minh vao 4 ITnh vue chinh: hgp tac an ninh

vii chinh trj; hgp tac kinh te xii hdi bin

virng; giiio due va van- hda; di dan. Ddng

lhdi, EU eung da cam ket diinh 343,3 trieu

Euro trong giai doan 2007-2010 nhim thuc

hien ciie nuie tieu tren.

<i><b>2.4. Cdc quuc gia thiiuc chdu Phi, </b></i>
<i><b>Caribe vd Thdi Binh duvng </b></i>

Quan he hgp tac phat trien giua chiiu

Au X'a die qude gia chiiu Phi Li mdi quan he

diic biet, ed be diiy lieh sir. Hien nay, quan

be hgp tae phiit trien eua hai chim lue dugc

dieu ehinh bdi Thda thuan x'c quan he doi

tac ACP - EU duge ky ket tai Cotonou vao

thang 6/2000. Hiep dinh Cotonou dugc ciic

nudc EU - 15 ky ket vdi 77 nude dang phai

trien, trong dd cd 48 nude chim Phi. Tliep

dinh nay bao gdm ciie ITnh vuc: Cung co

mdi quan he chinh tri giua die nudc chiiu

Phi, vimg Caribe vii khu vue Thiii Binh

duang (ACP); Giiim va eudi cung la xoa

ngheo trong pham vi cae muc tieu dii ky ket

tai cae hdi nghj qudc te; Dua cac nude ACP

bdi nhiip nhanh ban viio nin kinh tl va

thuong mai toim can; Tiing eirdng siin xu5t.

<i>cai thien mdi trudng, thu hut dKu tu, dam </i>

biio cac nguyen tiie cua WTO. Hiep dinh

nay du djnh se mien giiim thue cho eiic san

phiim cita cac nude ACP tilp can vao thi

tru'dng chiiu Au, tien tdi xda bd dan cac loai

thue vao eudi nam 2007, phii hgp vdi cac

nguyen tiic chung ciia tiln trinh tu do hda

thuang mai toim cau. EU dii dimh mdt khoiin

Uii chinh khoang 25,7 tx' Euro de thue hien

hiep dinh nay trong giai doan 2000 - 2007.

Hien nay EU dang Iii nha ho trg phiit triln

Idn nhat cho cae qudc gia ehau Phi. chiim

tdi 60%) tdng so vien trg ODA mil eluiu Phi

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(8)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=8>

<i><b>(iUiiinq lin lien Iroiu/ chinh sach. </b></i>

<b>45 </b>

<i>Hien nay. EU dang theo dudi Chien </i>
<i>lupc mdi ci'ta EU chu chdu Phi hudng tdi 3 </i>
muc tieu: Tang cudng boat ddng hd trg cua
EU ebo nhung khu vuc uu tien; Tang mue
hd trg tai chinh eho chiiu Phi vii thuc hien
chinh siieh giiip chiiu Phi tiep can EU mdt
ciich hieu qua ban; Giup ciic qude gia chau
Phi dat dugc ciic muc tieu phat trien thien
nien ky mil Lien hgp qudc de ra.

Cac boat ddng vien trg phat trien chinh
thuc cua EU tai chau Phi tiip trung chu yeu
viio hai ITnh vue eu the:

<i>+ Xod ddi gidm ngheo, cdi cdch kinh le; </i>

<i>+ Lid Ire/ cdc nirirc chdu Phi gidi cptyit, </i>
<i>ngdn chdn xung dot, cdi ciich chinh tri, </i>
<i>ehdng Icii dcji dich AIDS vd phdt Irien gido </i>

<i>ditc. </i>

Thimg 6/2005, Hdi ddng Cluiu Au dii
dua ra cam ket vien trg diiy tham vgng. LU
cam ket timg lugng vdn ODA Ien mirc
0,56% GNI vito mim 2010 vii mim 2015 se
dat 0.7%) GNI. 'Theo ciic cam ket miy. den
nam 2010, trdc tinh nu'ii niim EU se diinh
them 20 ty Euro cho boat ddng xien trg
ODA va den mini 2015, eon sd niiy se ki 46
ty Euro mdi mim. EU cung ddng y dimh cho
chau Phi it nbiit 50%o trong lugng xdn vien
trg cam ket timg them. Neu cam ket duge
thuc bien dung, dieu dd cd nghia Iii den mim
2015, EU se chi them mdl khoan 23 ty Euro
mdi mim eho ebiui Phi.

<i>2.5. Cdc quuc gia chdu A </i>

Mue tieu ehinh trong quan be A - Au ki

tang clrd'n^ an ninh xii dn dinh nham ddi phd

vdi nhirng ngu}' ca diU ra ddi xdi EU xa toim
the gidi, cung nhu thiie diiy phat trien ben

vu'ng. "Chien lugc Chiiu A mdi" mim 1991
dugc eoi Iii nen mdng chien luge cho quan
he hgp tac phat trien giua hai chiiu lue.

Thdng qua chien luge niiy. EU mudn thiie
diiy quan he ddi tiie vdi chiiu .A, tiing cudng
su hien dien kinh te vii chinh tri tai khu vuc.

can biing tdt ban cac yen td kinh te. ehinh
tri. viin hda xii xii hdi. cung nhu phdi hgp
giUa hai chau Lie trong giiii qu}'et ciic thiich

thirc va co hdi cua toim ciiu hda tren co sd
ddi tiic binh diing.

Hien nay. EU ehicMn khoiing 30% tdng

X'ien trg phiil trien ehinh thire eua the gidi
cho cluiu A. chi dimg sau Nhiit Ban. Vdi tu

eiieh Li nhii xien trg ldn llui 2 o' eluiu lue

miy. die boat ddng vien trg cua LX' chu yeu
tiip lrung nhiim hd trg cho ciic simg kien vi

hda binh, xda ddi giam ngheo. giiii quyel die

ngu}'en nhan ea biin cua ddi ngheo, thiic day

diin chii, tdn lrgng nhan quyen, quan ly tdt
xii nha nude phiip quyen tai die qude gia

dang phat trien.

Nam 2007, EU da dua ra Vim kien
Chien lugc chau A giai doan 2007-2013 vii

Ke hoach giai doan 2007-2010. tiip trung
vao 3 ITnh vuc uu tien sau:

<i>* Hd trg hdi nhiip khu xuc lhdng qua </i>

Hdi nghi Thugng dinh A-Au (ASEM). Hiep

hdi die qudc gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN),

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(9)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=9>

* Hgp tae ehinh saeh va thue day hieu
biet lan nhau trong eac ITnh vue: mdi trudng.
nang lugng vii thay ddi khi hau thdng qua
tieu dimg va san xuat ben x'ung; bd trg diio
tao vii nghien eiru; hgp tac xuyen bien gidi
ve die van de y te va ddng vat;

* Hd trg ngudi ngheo. thiic day nhiin
quyen vii diin ehu, binh dang gidi, quan Iy
tdt. quyen tre em, va irng phd x'di dai dich
AIDS.

Trong giai doan 2007-2013. EU danh
klioan hd trg phat trien 5,187 ty Euro de
giup ehau A thuc hien cac muc tieu neu tren,
trong dd 81%o la dimh cho boat ddng ho trg
phat trien d ciie qudc gia do'n le, 16%o dimh
eho hd trg d dip vimg x'ii 3%o du tru.

<i>2.6. Cdc quuc gia My La tinh </i>

Vdi tu ciich la ddi tiic kinh te va ehinh
tri quan trgng trong khu vue, hien EU la nha
dau tu va ddi tac thuang mai Idn thir hai,
ddng thdi la nbii vien trg phat trien Idn nhdt
cho khu vuc nay. Trung binh moi nam, EU
danh khoang 500 trieu Euro cho cae hoat
ddng vien trg d nhieu ITnh vue khiic nhau.

Trong Ke hoach Vien trg giai doan
2007-2013, EU dir kiln dimh 2,690 ty Euro

cho die qudc gia thude My Latinh. Theo dd,
5 ITnh virc dugc EU uu tien trong kliudn khd
Cdng cu Hgp tac Phat triln (Development

Cooperation Instrument - DCI) gdm:

<i>* Thiic ddy gdn kit xu hdi: Chong </i>

ngheo ddi, biit binh dang va phan biet ddi xir
trong xa hdi. 'Timg cudng gdn kit xii hdi

duge xem la each thirc chdng lai ddi ngheo.
bat binh dang va thiic day hdi nhiip xii hgi

thdng qua xiec ket hgp ciie yeu td tang
trirdng kinh te, tao nhieu cdng an viee lam,

cdng bang va doan ket.

<i>* Hd Ircr hap tdc kinh te vd hdi nhdp </i>
<i>khu vuc la ITnh vue quan trgng dang dugc </i>
EU hd trg tieh cue thdng qua cae hiep dinh
thuong mai tu do va lien ket. Lidi nhap khu
vuc mdt each sau rdng se thiie day diiu tu va
tang trudng kinh te. Tuy nhien, dieu nay lai
phu thudc rat nhieu vao hdi nhap giira cdc
tieu vimg trong khu vue, ca sd ha tang, va
mang Iirdi lien ket trong eiic ITnh vuc giao
thdng van tai, nudc sach, nang lugng. Hien
nay, Ngan himg Phat trien Chiiu Au dang ho
trg die khoim vay nham giiip khu vuc cung
cd va phiit trien mang lirdi nay.

<i>* Tdng cirdng quan ly Idt vd hao ve </i>

<i>nhdn quyen. EU thuc ddy quan he hgp tac, </i>

tang cudng sir tham gia cua cdng dan va cac

td chuc xa hgi dan sy vao ddi sdng chinh tn.

<i>* Xdy dimg mot khu vuc chung cd trinh </i>

<i>do gido diic tdt hem giiru EU vd My Latinh </i>
thdng qua cac chuang trinh trao ddi giira cac

tru'dng dai hgc ciia hai chau luc.

<i>* Phdt trien bein virng. hao ve rirng vd </i>

<i>da dgng sinh hi/c nhdm dam bao thjnh </i>

vu'gng lau dai tren toan khu x'uc. EU hien

dang day manh hgp tac va ddi thoai ve vdn

de phat trien ben vung, dac biet chii trgng

den cac van de thay ddi khi hau. nang lugng,

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(10)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=10>

<i><b>(Hhi'iinj lin lien Iroiuf chinh sach... </b></i>

<b>47 </b>

' 3. Uu tien trong hoat dong vien trg
<b>i phat trien chinh thiic ciia EU theo linh </b>

<i>3.L Ddn chii vd nhdn quyen </i>

Cung cd nen dan chu va nhii nude phap
quyen, tdn trgng nhan quyen va cac quyen
tir do ca ban la nhung uu tien chinh trong
chinh sach phat trien va hgp tac tai chinh,
kinh te cua EU. Hudng iru tien niiy the hien
ro trong tat ca cac hiep dinh lien ket ma EU
' da ky cung nhu trong cac cugc ddi thoai cap
' qudc gia ciing nhu khu vuc va cac chuang

trinh hgp tac cii the.

<b>I </b>

, Sang kien Chiiu Au ve Dan chii va
Nhan quyen (European Initiative for
Democracy and Human Rights - EIDHR)
(1999) la mgt trong nhiing cdng cu tiii chinh
hd trg thiic day nhan quyen va dim chit tren
the gidi. Vdi ngan sach mdi mim khoang
100 trieu Euro nhiim bd trg cho ciic td chirc
xa hdi dan su cd lien quan den ciie boat
dgng nhan quyen vii thiic day quii trinh dan
chu hda, EIDHR uu tien hd trg cac boat
dgng thuc day dan chu, quan ly tdt, nha
nudc phap quyen, dau tranh ddi xda an tir
hinh, tra tan, phan biet chiing tdc, bai ngoai
va ky thi ngudi ban dia vii thieu sd.

Trong Trien vgng Tai chinh 2007-2013,
cudi niim 2006, Nghi vien Chiiu Au da
thdng qua quy che mdi thiet lap mdt cdng cu
liii chinh dac biet vdi ngiin siich bd trg 1.104
ty Euro. Cdng cu thuc day Dan chii va Nhiin
quyIn ciia Chau Au (EIDHR) (European
Instrument for Democracy and Human

Rights) ra ddi thay the cho EIDHR trong
boat ddng tbiic day dan ehu xii nhiin quyen.
Qua dd, EU hudng tdi hd trg cac muc muc

tieu CLi the sau:

• Thiic day tdn trgng nhan qu}'en va
die quyen tir do ca ban, day manh x'ii tang
cirdng dan chu va cai each dan chu d ciic
nude the gidi thir 3, hd trg cac td chirc bao
ve nhan quyen vii nan nhan ciia cac cugc
dim ap, thiic day boat ddng xa hdi dan sir
trong ITnh vuc nhan quyen va dan chu;

• Hd trg va day manh ciic khudn khd
khu vuc va qudc te trong ITnh vuc dim ehu
va nhan quyen;

• Xiiy dung long tin ddi vdi quii trinh
biiu cir bang each tang cudng do tin eiiy,
giam sat qua trinh bd phii^u vii hd trg cac td
chirc xa hdi diin su cd lien quan den qua
trinh bd phieu.

<i>3.2. Phdt triHn con ngudi vd xd hpi </i>

Trong ITnh vuc nay, EU hudng ciic hoat
ddng hd trg vao ciic viin de cu the Iii y te,
giiio diic, that nghiep va gan ket xa hdi

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(11)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=11>

<i>Vi' gido due. EU hd trg thdng qua mdt </i>
sd chuang trinh cu the nhu Ddi tac FTI (Fast
Track Initiative - FTI). TEMPUS. Erasmus.
Edulink, Asialink... FTI la chuo'ng trinh ho

trg xiiy dung xii thue hien cae chuang trinh
giiio due ben vung va cd hieu qua eiing nhu
cai eiich giiio due d ciic qude gia dang phiit
trien. TEMPUS va Erasmus Iii nhung
chuang trinh hd trg giiio due dang dugc EU
lien himh d ciie qudc gia cluiu Phi, Ddng Au
vii Trung A. Asialink lii chuong trinh tiii trg
cho die du im lien ket diio tao xii nghien cuu
giiia ciic trudng dai hgc a ehiiu Au va chau
A vdi muc tieu ihiic diiy giao due a ciie
nude ehau A vii uing cudng su hieu biet lan
nhau giua hai chiiu lue.

EU chii trgng tdi eiic boat ddng ho trg
lien quan tdi thiu nghiep xii gim ket xii hdi.
vii coi diiy Li mdt trong die cdng cu diic krc
de xda ddi giam ngheo. Chinh siich Dong
thuiin Chim Au nhim nuanh rimg vice liim dn
dinh lii dieu kien tien qu}'et de dat dugc gdn
ket xii hdi vii xda ddi giam ngheo. TrC'n ca
sd dd, EU dli thdng qua mot loat chinh siich
hd trg cho ciic nudc xii khu vire dang phat
trien.

K I hoach till chinh 2007-2013 khang

dinh, EU tiep tue cac boat ddng tiii trg cho
Sling kien trong ITnh x'uc niiy thdng qua

ehuo'iig trinh '•Diiu tu cho con ngudi".

Chuang trinh du kiln danh 1.06 ty Euro tai
Irg cho cac sang kien lien quan true tilp din

mire sdng vii tinh trang sire khde ciia ngudi

dan, tap trung ehu yeu viio nhung qudc gia

ngheo nhat va kem phiit trien nhiit va eiic
viing dan cu kem Igi the nhat.

<i>3.3. Binh ddng gioi </i>

Binh diing gidi Iii mdt quy tiie eo' ban
trong luat phap EU. Diix' la xiin de ed moi
quan he mat thiet vdi eae viin de xda doi
giiim ngheo. kha nimg tiep can cac djch x'u y
<i>te xa giiio due, tham gia viio qua trinh xiiy </i>
dung kinh te vii ra quyet djnb, quyen phu nir
va nhiin qiix'en. Tren co' sd dd, ciie hoat dgng
hd trg cua EU nhiim mue tieu diim biio cac
ca hdi binh diing vii ddi xir binh dang ddi
vdi phu nir vii nam gidi eung nhu chdng lai
mgi hinh thirc phan biet gidi tinh.

Hien nay, binh dang gidi Li mdt trong 4
ITnh x'U'c uu tien hiinh ddng eiia EU. Trong
giai doan chinh 2007-2013, EU phiin bd 57
trieu Euro nham bo trg ciic boat ddng trong
ITnh vuc nay. Trong giai doan 2006-2010,

EU dua ra "Ld trinh tien tdi binh ddng nam
nu" hudng tdi 6 nuic tieu sau; ddc liip va
binh dang ve kinh te; dilu hda mdi quan he
giu'a cdng viec vii ddi sdng rieng tu; binh
dang gidi trong van d l ra quylt dinh; xda bd
mgi hinh thire bao lire gidi; xda bo cac
khudn miiu quy dinh vl gidi vii tiing cudng
binh dang gidi trong ciie chinh siieh phiil
tricMi va ddi ngoai.

<i>3.4. An ninh luung thuc </i>

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(12)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=12>

<i><b>' iJlhTini/ lin liin Iroiu/ chinh such... </b></i>

<b>49 </b>

xda ddi ngheo; xii hd trg pluit trien trong dai

<b>ban, </b>

Ngii}' 27/2/2008. EC dii thdng qua
Qii}el dinh Vien irg uii ehinh luong llure
nluini trg giup 135 trieu euro eho khoang
12.5 trieu nguivi dan ngheo a kliiip noi tren
the gidi. Quyet dinh x ien trg mi} giup nhiing
ngudi dim sdng dudi miie calorie lucrng thue
mdi ngii} cd eiii im. trimh duge iham hoa
suy dinh dudng xiiy ra o' the he llui ba ga}
ton hai eho diit nude. Mue tieu ldn nluit eua
EC khi ra Qu}'et dinh miy dd hi trimh khung
hoang kinh te x'li ehinh tri dien ra ci' ciie niic'ie
ngh.eo xi day cd the se Ira lhimh ngii}en

nhim cua xung d()t xii trang.

(,)uy Hd trey tiii ehinh luong lhue diKie
Iiiy tir ngim siieh cuu Irc.r Tmh thuong nhim
loai eiui LX'. Cd 19 nuc'rc xii khu x'lie ducrc
uu lien Ircr ciip himg diiu: Soudan. Tchad.
Ethiopia, Burundi, Cdng hoii dim ehu
Congo, 'Tanzania, Ouganda. Trung Phi.
Zimbabue, Cdte Ixoire, Niger. Mauritania.
N'lali. Burkina T\iso. Liberia, khu x'lre
Cauease, Ddng Timor, M}anmar x ii Nepal.

<i><b>3.S. Ngdn cheln xung de/t, khung </b></i>

<i><b>hodng vd thuc ddy hdu binh vd he/p tdc </b></i>

<i><b>qude ti? ehdng ma tuy </b></i>

'Trong nhirng thap ky qua. die cuc5c
chien tnmh xii xung dgl xii irang xim kc:o diii

<b>tai chiiu Phi xii mdl sd khu xue tren the gidi. </b>

'Trong bc")i canh dd. LiU dii xii dang nd lire
tham gia xiio mgi hoal dcing ngim chim xung
dc)t. giiii ciu}et xung dcit xii liii thiel eae khu
xire Ming dcit. thdng c|iia chia se die kenh

thdng tin. diio lao xa xii} dung ehinh saeh.
Cho den na}. EU xim dang tiep tue nhimg

nd lire cua minh a die qude gia xii khu xuc
xung dot nhiun:

<i>+ .Xii}' dung mgt ehinh siieh ddng bg </i>
nhiun ngim ehiin xung dcit. lien ket die ehinh
siieh xii hanh ddng lrong die linh xuc an
ninh. pluit trien xii quan 1} dim ehu;

<i>~ llcjp uie trong xiec giai qu}el nhiing </i>
mdi de doa an ninh ehung. bao gdm khdng
pluit trien xii khi lui} diet himg loat xii ehdng
killing bd:

-r Giai trir quim bj nhiun ngim ehiin
xung dcit;

+ Dii} tri boil binh sau xung dot lhdng
ciua xii} dung ciie ehien lucre ngim ban (ciru
tier nhim dao) xii ehien lucre dai ban (pluit
triC'ii) sail khi xung dc^rl ket tluie;

+ Quan 1} die ngudn Uii ngii}en ed the
gii} xung cL)t;

<i>•*- 1 Icrp liic chdng ma tuy. cu the lii hd </i>
ircr eho ehinh eiic qude gia san xuiit ma tiiy
lhdng qua kC'iih ngim siieh ciidng ma Uiy
Bdc'Nam (NortlUSoulh Drugs Budget Line).

<i><b>3.6. Moi truimg vd pluit trien bUn </b></i>

<i><b>virng cdc nguon tdi nguyen thien nhien </b></i>

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(13)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=13>

tren toan cau, the hien sir can bang giira tang
trudng kinh te xdi quan tam ve mdi trudng.
EU vii cac nudc thiinh vien da cam ket thirc
hien cac hanh ddng trong khudn khd Hiep
dinh Rio.

Cho den nay, EU ludn di dau trong viec
thiic day cac hgp tac trong ciic viin de mdi
trudng, dac biet la thdng qua cae chuang
trinh hgp tac vien trg vdi cac qudc gia dang
phat trien. Nam 2007, EU da thdng qua 67
du an mdi trudng tren toim ciiu xdi tdng sd
vdn vien trg la 103 trieu euro, ehu }'eu la
nham xay dirng niing lire eho cac nudc dang
phiit trien thuc hien Hiep dinh Mdi trudng
da phuang, dac biet la Cdng ude khung cita
Lien hgp qudc ve thay ddi khi hau.

<i>3.7. Di Cli </i>

Di cu den nay van Iii mdt van de gay
nhieu tranh cai nhiit d cap dd toan Lien minh
EU, cap do qudc gia cung nhu toim cau. De
tan dung nhu'ng ca hdi ma di cu mang lai
Cling nhu giai quyet cac van de ma nd dang
dat ra ngay cang ldn, cac chinh sach vii vien
trg ngoai khdi ciia Lien minh can phai ddng

bd. De giai quyet cac van de nay, Uy ban
Chau Au da tap trung mdt each toan dien
vao cac viin de xay dung chinh sach, chinh
tri va nhan quyen d cac nudc va khu virc
dang phat trien.

Tiep theo Chuang trinh Hague nam
2004, EU da xay dung chinh saeh di eu tiip
trung viio cae nudc dang phat triln. Nam
2005, EU dac biet chu trgng vao vdn dl di
cu va phat trien d khu virc chau Phi va Dia

Trung Hai. Nam 2006. EU da danh khoan
hd trg 40 trieu euro nhiim ket ndi van de di
eu X il phat trien tai khu x'uc niiy. EU dac biet
lap trung x'ao van de di cu thdng qua cac
chuang trinh cu the, bao gdm chdng di eu
bat hgp phap. nhap cu lau. quan ly tdt nguon
lao ddng nbiip cu. qiix'en di cu va thiic day
mdi lien ket giii'a phat trien va di cu.

Trong giai doan tai chinh 2007-2013.
EU quxet dinh dimh khoan hd trg 384 trieu
euro cho cac nudc dang phiit trien nham giai
quyet cac van de ve di cu.

Tai lieu tham khiio

1. Carlo Almonte va Mario Nax-a:
<i>Kinh te vd chinh sdch cua EU md rang. </i>

NXB Chfnh tri Qudc gia. Ha Ndi. 2004.

2. hUp://europa.eu.int/comm/develop
ment/index_en.cfm

3. http;//europa.eu.int/comm/echo/lnde
x_en.htm

4.
d/index_en.htm

5.
s/la/index.htm

6.
s/index.htm

7.
s/upp/intro/index.htm

</div>

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