Quan điểm " thân dân" nét đặc sắc trong tư tưởng Hồ Chí Minh về đại đoàn kết.

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<b>SirNGHIEPVATUTUQNGHdCHJMINH </b>

<i>QVANBIM</i>

<i> "THANDAN" </i>

<b>NET DAC SAC TRONG TH TUONG HO CHl MINH VE DAI DOAN KET </b>

<b>TRAN VAN HUYEN </b>

C

hil tich Hd Chi Minh - Anh hung giai
phdng dan toe, danh nhan van hoa the
gidi. Ngudi da di xa nhung nhirng di san tu tudng
ciia Ngudi cdn sdng mai vdi dan tdc Viet Nam.
Mpt trong nhirng di san quy bau ma Ngudi de lai
la tu tudng dai doan ket toan dan tdc, trong do hat
nhan ciia nd la quan diem "than dan".

Thyc chat "than dan" la: Gan giii vdi dan, dya
vao dan, lay dan lam gdc. Xet d gdc dp nha nude
thi "than dan" la mpt che dp vi nhan dan, the hien
trudc het d phuang cham yeu dan: Nhan hau vdi
dan, muu lo eho dan an cu lac nghiep. Ngugc
ddng lich sir ciia dan tpc Viet Nam, nhirng minh
quan ciia cac trieu dai deu nhan thirc rat ro yeu
thuang nhan dan la viec lam dau tien ciia cae
vuong trieu, xa tac ben vung.

Than dan khdng chi ham y "cham dan", ma cdn
biet dua vao chinh sire manh ciia nhan dan. Lich
sir dan tpc Viet Nam da chimg minh: Khi nha
nude phong kien coi than dan la "thugng sach giii
nude", la "viec nhan nghia" thi qude thai dan an,

dat nude hung thjnh, luu danh sir sach cho mudn
ddi con chau mai sau. Cdn neu coi khinh nhan dan,
xa lanh nhan dan, cac vuong quan trong trieu ehi
lo vinh than phi gia, ciing cd vuong quyen, nhan

' Hoc vien Hau can

dan se lim than, khd cue, dat nude lam nguy,
vuong trieu sup do, Idng dan ly tan...

Hd Chi Minh da tiep thu tu tudng "than dan" cua
dng cha ta va phat trien len mpt tam cao mdi. Ho
Chi Minh tiep can ve ngudi lao ddng vdi mpt long
kinh trpng, mang dam net nhan van dudi anh sang
ciia chil nghia Mac- Lenin. Theo Hd Chi Minh chir
"dan" cd npi ham rat rdng. Dd chinh la chii "ngucri"
theo "nghia hep la gia dinh, anh em, hp hang, bau
ban. Nghia rdng la ddng bao ca nude. Rdng niia do
la ca loli ngudi"'. Tir nhan thiic nhu vay, "dan"
trong tu tudng ciia Ngudi la nhan dan, la quan
chiing lao ddng, la tit ca, "Trir bgn Viet gian ban
nude, trxr bgn phat xit thyc dan, la nhimg ae quy ma
ta phai kien quyet danh dd, ddi vdi tit ca nhimg
ngudi khac thi ta phai yeu quy, kinh trgng, giiip dd"^.

Than dan trong tu tudng Hd CM Minh la: vi nhan
dan quen minh, vi nhan dan hy sinh, sdng phai gan
gQi vdi nhan dan, Meu ban khoan lo lang cua nhan
dan, het Idng dau tranh vi hanh phuc cua nhan dan.
Hd CM Minh ndi: "Tdi cM cd mdt sy ham mudn,

ham mudn tdt bac, la lam sao cho nude ta dugc hoan
toan ddc lap, dan ta dugc hoan toan ty do, ddng bao
ai cung cd com an ao mac, ai ciing dugc hgc hanh"l
KM ban den muc tieu chu ngMa xa hdi, Ngudi khang
dinh: Chu nghia xa hdi trudc het nham lam cho nhan
dan lao ddng thoat nan bat cdng, lam cho mgi ngucri

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<b>SUNGHIEPVATUTUONGHOCHiMINH </b>

cd cdng an viec lam, dugc am no va sdng mudn ddi
hanh phuc. Nhu vay tir quan dilm "than dan" cua
Ngudi da the Men rd tinh hoa van hoa nhan loai va
dugc ket tinh dam net cua hai nen van hoa phuong
Ddng va phuong Tay, dac biet hon la truyen thdng
doan ket cua dan tpc Viet Nam.

Than dan trong tu tudng Hd Chi Minh dugc
the hien tren thyc te la xay dyng va thyc hanh dan
chu. Ngudi cho rang: "Nude ta la nude dan chii,
dia vi cao nhat la dan la chu""*. Ngudi nhan manh
vai trd lam chii ciia nhan dan ddi vdi dat nude, dd
la ngudi chii cua dat nude. Ben canh dd dan phai
lam chil tren tat ca cac llnh vyc, khdng dugc
nhugng bg bat cii mot quyen lpi nao cho cae the
luc di ngugc lai lgi ich ciia nhan dan. Theo
Ngudi, thyc hien tdt dan chu chinh la tdn trpng
con ngudi, coi con ngudi la gia tri cao nhat, ddng
thdi phai tao ra nhung dieu kien can thiet de dan
cd the phat huy quyen lam chu ciia minh. Tir
nhung van de neu tren ta thay "than dan" va "dan

chii" cd mdi quan he chat che vdi nhau khdng
the tach rdi. Dan chu chi dugc thuc hien hieu
qua tren nen tang than dan, neu khdng dan chii
chi la hinh thirc. Bieu Men ciia viec giai quyet
mdi quan he giua than dan va dan chu, cai "chdt"
la dan tin. Vay day chinh la co sd, diem khdi
dau ciia dai doan ket toan dan tpc. Dai doan ket
toan dan tgc chi la khau hieu neu khdng quy tu
long tin ciia nhan dan. De tao Idng tin ciia nhan
dan, mau sd chung nhat la lgi ich qude gia dan
tdc. Thuc tien lich sir da chimg minh, mpt xa hgi
chi phat trien ben vung khi ngudi dan thyc hien
tdt quyin lam chu ciia minh. Ngugc lai, dan bat
tin xa hgi se suy vong neu nhu cac cap lanh dao
xa rdi nhan dan, vi pham quyen lam chii ciia
nhan dan.

Nghien cim tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vl "than
dan" ma chi dimg lai d nhimg cau ndi, nhiing bai

viet, nhirng tac pham van chua du ma chiing ta
phai nghien cim nhimg hanh dpng ciia Ngudi, bdi
le Hd Chi Minh thudng xuyen ket hgp chat che
giira ldi ndi va viec lam. Tir chieu sau ciia quan
dilm "than dan", Ngudi dac biet chu y den cac
cdng viec thuc hien nen dan chii. Theo Hd Chi
<i>Minh: "thuc hdnh ddn chu la chia khoa van nang </i>
de cd the giai quyet mgi khd khan"; "Cd phat
huy dan chii den cao dp thi mdi dpng vien dugc
tat ca lye lugng ciia nhan dan dua each mang tien

len"'. Ho Chi Minh xic djnh co che, bien phap,
nguyen tac thyc hien dan chii la dieu kien tien
quyet de thuc hanh dai doan ket toan dan thanh
mpt khdi thdng nhat ve y chi va hanh ddng.

Dang Cong san Viet Nam la Dang ciia giai
cap cdng nhan, nhan dan lao dpng va ciia ca dan
tpc, do Chii tich Hd Chi Minh sang lap va ren
luyen, ludn giai quyet tdt mdi quan he gitra "than
dan" va "dan chii", coi dd la cgi ngudn ciia dai
doan ket toan dan tpc. Dang gan bd mat thiet vdi
nhan dan, mpi hoat dgng cua Dang deu nham vao
muc tieu dan giau, nude manh, xa hpi cdng bang,
dan chii, van minh. Dang ludn tham nhuan ldi
day ciia Chu tich Hd Chi Minh: Dang ta la dao
dire, la van minh, mdi can bg dang vien phai that
sy "chinh tam", "nghiem phap". Phai tuyet ddi
trung thanh vdi lgi ich ciia giai cap, ciia nhan dan,
ngoai ra khdng cdn lgi ich nao khac. Dang phai
cd trach nhiem phung sy nhan dan, vira la ngudi
lanh dao, vira la ngudi day td that trung thanh ciia
nhan dan. Than dan - dan chu - dan tin, 3 thanh td
nay cd quan he chat che vdi nhau, qui dinh ban
chat va siic manh ciia dai doan ket toan dan tpc.

Quan triet Nghi quyet Dai hpi X ciia Dang vl
phat huy siic manh dai doan ket toan dan tpc, chiing
ta phai tham nhuan tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve dai
doan ket toan dan. Trong giai doan hien nay, hon
liic nao het phai xac djnh dai doan ket dan tpc

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<b>SUNGHIEPVATUTUONGHOCHiMINH </b>

khdng chi la phuang phap tap hgp luc lugng each
mang, ma cao hon la mot bd phan huu ca trong
chien luge dai doan ket cua Dang. Do vay, de tu
tudng Hd Chi Minh ndi chung, tu tudng Hd Chi
Minh ve dai doan ket dan tdc ndi rieng tham sau
vao quan chiing nhan dan, bien thanh tinh cam, y
chi ty giac cua nhan dan lao dpng dudi sy lanh dao
cua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, chiing ta phai thuc
hien tdt cupe van ddng hgc tap va lam theo tam
guong dao dire Hd Chi Minh, ndi cho dan nghe,
lam cho dan tin, tao nen sy thdng nhat ben chat
giira y Dang vdi Idng dan. Dang phai thuc hien vai
trd lanh dao cua minh thdng qua dudng ldi va
chinh sach, lien he mat thiet vdi nhan dan. Nha
nude khdng ngimg hoan thien he thdng phap luat
va quan ly, tao dieu kien de nhan dan dugc lam
nhimg viec ma phap luat khdng cam. Nha nude va
nhan dan ciing nd luc phan dau cho sy phat trien
dat nude, ket hgp hai hoa lgi ich ca nhan, lgi ich
tap the va lgi ich toan xa hdi. Phai kien quyet day
liii te quan lieu, tham nhiing, lay lai long tin ciia
quan chiing nhan dan ddi vdi Dang. Ddng thdi,
Dang phai thuc hien ddng bd he thdng giai phap,
bao dam sy qui tu eao nhat mdi quan he giira than
dan va dan chii. Phat huy quyen lam chii ciia nhan
dan (dan chii dai dien, dan chii tryc tiep va che do
ty quan ciia cdng ddng dan cu) va giir viing ky

cuong trong xa hgi. Td chirc ddng vien nhan dan
tham gia cac phong trao thi dua yeu nude, lam
kinh te, gan chat phat trien kinh te di ddi vdi tien
bg va cdng bang xa hgi. Cham lo va bao ve lgi ich
ciia cac tang Idp nhan dan, cham dirt nhung hien
tugng dan chii hinh thirc. Khac phuc su chenh lech
thu nhap giira cac viing mien trong ca nude, cd ca
che chinh sach dam bao su thdng nhat lgi ich ca
nhan vdi lgi ich tap the va toan xa hdi.

Than dan la hat nhan ciia dai doan ket dan tdc,
mdt net dac sac trong tu tudng Hd Chi Minh.

Quan triet va thue hien tdt ndi dung quan diem
"than dan" ciia Ngudi se giiip Dang ta tap hgp
dugc lye lugng each mang, phat huy cao nhat sire
manh dan tdc, ket hgp sire manh dan tdc vdi sire
manh thdi dai, tao nen sire manh to ldn dua each
mang Viet Nam di tir thang lgi nay tdi thang lgi
khae. Nghien ciiu, hgc tap tu tudng Hd Chi
Minh vl dai doan ket khdng chi giup chiing ta
lam sang td gia trj tu tudng ciia Ngudi ma con
cd y nghia to ldn ca ve ly luan va thuc tien trong
viec tang cudng hon nira khdi dai doan ket toan
dan tgc trong giai doan hien nay nhu van kien
Dai hdi dai bieu toan qude lan thir X khang dinh:
"Dai doan ket la sy nghiep eiia toan dan tdc, ciia
ca he thdng chinh tri ml hat nhan lanh dao la cac
td chiie dang, dugc thyc hien bang nhieu bien
phap, hinh thirc, trong dd cac ehu truong ciia

Dang va chinh sach, phap luat ciia Nha nude co
y nghia quan trgng hang dau" . Thyc hien cudc
van ddng hgc tap va lam theo tam guong dao
dire Hd Chi Minh trong giai doan hien nay la vo
ciing can thiet, giiip cho mdi can bd dang vien
va nhan dan nhin nhan lai chinh minh. Lam tot
viec nay ehinh la chiing ta quan triet tdt tu tudng
"than dan", net dac sac trong tu tudng dai doan
ket ciia Hd Chi Minh, lam cho Dang - Dan gan
bd ben chat hon.

<i>1,2. HP Chi Minh Todn lap. CTQG, H, 1995, T5, </i>
tr.644,644

3.5c/c/,T.4,tr.l51
4. &/c/, T.6, tr.515
5.5'dy,T12,tr.249
<i>6. Sdd T.9, tr.592 </i>

<i>7. Vdn kien Dai hpi dai bieu lodn quPc ldn ihirX, </i>
Cr^JG, H, 2006, tr. 116,117.

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