Suy nghĩ về vai trò "Hộ quốc, an dân"của Phật giáo trong lịch sử Việt Nam

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<b>40 </b>

<i>J%hien cu-u Ton giao. SdS - 2010 </i>

<b>SUY NGHI VE VAI TRO "HO QUOC, AN D A N " CUA </b>

<b>PHAT GIAO TRONG LICH SLT VIET NAM </b>

<i><b>'ua' </b></i>

NGUYEN THUY THOM'*'

K

e ttt k h i nttde Viet Nam thd'ng nha't
de'n n a y va nha't la stt r a ddi cua
Giao hdi P h a t g i a o Viet Nam, dao P h a t
Viet Nam d a c h a n h d a vao ddi sd'ng d a n
tdc. T a n g n i P h a t tui hie'n t h a n p h u n g stt
dao, p h u c vu eho ldi Ieh da't nttde, d a n
tdc; lay Dao p h a p - D a n tdc - Chu n g h i a
x a hdi" l a m p h t t d n g c h a m eho h a n h

<i><b>ddng. •''-'•< </b></i>

Dd'i vdi d a o P h a t , dao va ddi k h d n g
the tach r d i n h a u . Vi vay m a dao P h a t t r d
t h a n h mdt thttc t h e t r o n g t i n h t h a n , ttt
tttdng va t r u y e n thd'ng eua d a n tdc. Dao
P h a t vdi t i n h t h a n ttt bi, t r i tue, vd n g a vi
tha, p h u c vu cho stt a n vui ldi lac ve t i n h
t h a n e u n g n h t t v a t chat. Vi vay, t r o n g
qua t r i n h lieh su', dao P h a t Viet Nam da
tuy h o a n c a n h g a n c h a t vdi d a n tdc t r o n g
stt n g h i e p d t t n g nttde va gitt nttdc. N g a y

nay, P h a t g i a o v a n tie'p tuc g d p p h a n
xiing d a n g v a o c d n g cude bao ve va x a y
dttng da't nttde.

Dd'i vdi Viet Nam, ndi de'n t d n giao,
ngttdi t a t h t t d n g n g h i n g a y de'n dao Phat,
de'n n h i i n g viee l a m q u y bau, dep de cua
d d n g dao T a n g Ni, P h a t tu'. Dao P h a t d
Viet N a m da m a n g m a u sac d a n tdc Viet
Nam rd ret. Cd t h e ndi r a n g , P h a t g i a o
Viet N a m t r t t d n g t h a n h cttng d a n tdc.
Dao P h a t Viet N a m da d d n g h a n h vdi
d a n t d c c h a m lo d d i sd'ng t a m l i n h c h o

eon ngttdi, k h d n g the ed mdt dat nttde giau
m a n h m a n h a n d a n khdng an ctt lac
ngMep, k h d n g the cd nhiing t h a n h tttu thttc
stt vttng chac kM h a n h ddng xua't phat ttt
ldng tham, ldng t h u ban. Nhan thttc dttdc
dieu nay. T a n g Ni Phat tu' dao Phat chung
sttc -vun d a p eho -viec kie'n tao mdt ddi sd'ng
tam linh p h o n g phii, mdt eudc sd'ng hda
binh, a n lac eho mgi ngttdi, n a n g cao viec
giao due p h a m each con ngttdi.

De c a p de'n v a i t r d cua P h a t g i a o Viet
Nam la mdt v a n de r a t r d n g ldn va phttc
tap, bdi vi P h a t g i a o t h a m g i a vao r a t
n h i e u l i n h vttc ciia ddi sd'ng x a hdi. Dttdi
d a y x i n t a p t r u n g l a m rd t i n h chat "Hd

qude. An d a n " eua P h a t giao, qua dd thay
dttde vai t r d va stt t a e d d n g cua P h a t giao
Viet Nam. De li g i a i v a n de t r e n x i n t a p
t r u n g v a o m a y ndi d u n g c h i n h sau:

Stt t h a m g i a cua P h a t g i a o vao ddi
s d n g c h i n h t r i , k i n h te', v a n hda, giao
due, dd'i n g o a i eua x a hgi; vai t r d eua mdi
mdt n g d i e h u a t r o n g c d n g d d n g l a n g xa.

- Ve c h l n h t r i :

Cd t h e ndi ttt thdi Dinh, Tien Le de'n
Ly, Tran, c h u n g ta tha'y r a n g it nhieu,
trttc tie'p h o a e g i a n tie'p P h a t g i a o da ed
stt t h a m e h i n h , t h a m c h i l a c h a p e h i n h

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<i>Nguyen Thuy Thom. Suy nghive vai trd. </i>

(lam ehinh tri). Dieu nay ndi len rang cd
stt gan ke't ehat ehe gitta Phat giao vdi
chinh tri, gitta dao (dao Phat) vdi ddi,
gitta tdn giao (Phat giao) vdi dan tdc. Stt
gan ke't d trttdng hcfp nay lai tao ra stt
viing manh eho Nha nttdc stt phat trie'n
xa hdi va phat trien Phat giao. Nhttng
lieh sui cung eho tha'y ehtta ed thdi dai
nao Phat giao gianh quyen lanh dao
ehinh tri. Hdn the' ntta, ke' thtta truyen
thd'ng yeu ehuong hda binh cua giao li

dao Phat, Phat tui Viet Nam ludn ludn
mong mud'n xay dttng mgt eugc sd'ng hda
binh an lae, gan 30 nam qua, Giao hdi
Phat giao Viet Nam da ed nhieu ddng
gdp tich ettc vao phong trao van ddng
cho hda binh the'gidi.

- Ve kinh te:

Chua eung la mdt ddn vi kinh te'
trong cdng ddng lang, xa. Nghia la
Chua cung cd rudng vttdn, nha stt cung
la ngttdi ttt lao ddng san xua't de sinh
sd'ng. Dd la theo tinh than eua Thien stt
Bach Trttdng: "Nha't nhat bat tae, nhat
nhat bat thttc' (Mdt ngay khdng lam la
mdt ngay khdng an).

Phat giao Viet Nam nhan thttc dttdc
nhiing khd khan cua da't nttde hien nay
vin cdn mdt bd phan ngttdi lao ddng edn
ngheo nan, thie'u thd'n. Vi vay, Phat giao
tich ettc tham gia vao boat ddng ttt thien
giup dd ngttdi ngheo, ngttdi gia, cd ddn,
ngttdi bi chat doe da eam. Mdt sd' nha stt
tham gia vao eae dtt an xda ddi giam
ngheo bang viec huy ddng vd'n trong va
ngoai nttde. Nhiing thanh tich trong
pham vi eae gia lam, ttt vien va chtt Tang
Ni da gdp phan vao viec thulc hien cae

chinh saeh xay dttng kinh te' cua Nha
nttde. Nhiing ddng gdp cua Phat giao
tren linh vife kinh te' tuy khdng 6 at, sdi

nd'i, nhttng lien tue va deu khap nhtt
mach nttde trong ngudn.

- Ve van hda:

Hoat ddng eua nganh van hda Phat
giao ngay eang ed nen ne'p d'n dinh va dat
dttde nhieu ke't qua td't dep ve ea chieu
rdng l i n chieu s a u Net dae trttng can
minh hga trong hoat ddng eua nganh van
hda Phat giao la ttt khi thd'ng nhat Phat
giao ea nttde, eac hoat dgng ve van hda
dttde Tang Ni Phat t ^ nhiet tinh tham gia.
Thdng qua hoat ddng eua Ban Van hda
<i>Trung Kdng, boat ddng van hda da thu </i>
hut dttde nhieu nha tri thttc ten tudi trong
va ngoai Phat giao httdng ttng tham gia
nghien ciiu va boat ddng. Hoat ddng van
hda Phat giao tuy thdi, tuy cd ma linh
ddng, khdng cifng nhae, khdng eau ne.
Song ban chat ttt bi va tri tue thi khdng
thay ddi theo phttdng cham "Tuy duyen
nhi bat bie'n, tuy bat bie'n song phai tuy
duyen". Phat giao Viet Nam lai ed phan
nang ddng, phdng khoang, khdng ed'
chap, khdng giao dieu, nhd dd ma nhieu

gia tri van hda dttdc khdi day, gdp phan
vao viec xay dttng nen van hda Viet Nam
tien tie'n dam da ban sac dan tdc.

Giao ll Phat giao cd nMeu diem phu
hdp vdi tinh than dan tde Viet Nam, stt gap
gd, phu hdp ttt nhien nay dttde nhan manh
trong ttt tttdng binh dang, bac ai thttdng
ngttdi nhtt the thttdng than' rat gan vdi
thai do sd'ng ttt bi, hi xa, vd nga "vi tha eua
nha Phat". Nhiing ttt tttdng nay rat can
thie't khi da't nttdc hgi nhap, giao Ittu vdi
the' gidi httdng tdi mue tieu xay dttng mgt
nttde Viet Nam: Dan giau, nttdc manh, xa
hdi cdng bang, dan chu, van minh.

<i>- V d g i a o d u c : **--'J. ^r^^'fl-•'S^!'' Xr^'^ </i>

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<b>42 </b>

<i>Nghien ciiu Ton giao. SdS - 2010 </i>

- Giao due ea nhan; > , ...

- Giao due gia dinh; ))..("

- Giao due xa hgi.

Theo Dao dtte hoe Phat giao, ba gd'c re
gay dau khd cho cugc ddi la tham, san,
va si. Bao life, chie'n tranh, can kiet tai
nguyen, d nhiem mdi trttdng, khung

hoang va mgi xau ae deu la nhiing bieu
hien eua ba can ban xau xa ay. Phat giao
giang day va dan dat ngttdi ta de'n stt
tieu trtt ba thtt ddc dttdc ay. Phat giao dat
ra eho cac tin dd 5 gidi de sd'ng ddi dao
dtte. Dd la: Khdng sat sinh, khdng trdm
cap, khdng ta dam, khdng ndi xau va
khdng diing ehat gay say. Ne'u mgi
ngttdi, Phat tui hay khdng phai Phat tuf,
tuan theo nam gidi nay thi dao dttc ca
nhan se toan thien va eudc ddi se trd nen
an lanh hanh phuc.

Cac Phat tuf de'n Chua de le Phat, hanh
thien hay tham dtt cac khda giang day
giao li. Thdi quen nay lam phong phtt ddi
sdng tam linh cua hg va tao stt tinh lang,
sang sud't cho tam hg. Ban Hoang Phap,
Ban Httdng d i n Nam Nft Phat Tui da
thanh lap nhieu doan Phat tii gdm thanh
nien, ngttdi ldn tudi tham nhap quan
chttng lam cdng tac xa hdi va keu ggi
mdi ngttdi gitt gin ne'p sd'ng dao dttc. "Gia
dinh Phat tuf la mdt bd phan nham
httdng dan va hua'n luyen cae thanh
thie'u men Phat tii. Ban Hoang phap
tuyen chgn eac tang ni nhieu kha nang
de hua'n luyen qua cac khda dai ban va
ngan ban dttdc td ehtte tai nhieu tinh
thanh. Ddi ngu giang stt dttdc chuyen

mdn hda nay dam nhiem cdng viee giang
day Phat phap, truyen ba dao dttc Phat
giao va neu ra cho mgi ngttdi mdt ldi
sd'ng td't dep hdn.

Phat giao la mdt tdn giao cua ttt bi va
tri tue. Nguyen t i c can ban Dao dttc hgc
Phat giao la mgi ngttdi can phat trien
ldng ttt bi. Ve mat dao dttc, tri tue that stf

A9 ^A ^ 9

Meu biet thttc tien the hien thai dg va
hanh vi trong ddi sd'ng xa hdi. Phat giao
chap nhan bat ctt he thd'ng dao dttc, trie't
hgc hay ehinh tri nao mien la he thd'ng
ay cd the giup ngttdi ta dat hanh phuc va
hoan thanh cifu canh. Trong tinh than
hdp tac, doan ke't va hda hdp dan tde,
Phat giao eiing nhtt eac tdn giao khac tai
Viet Nam cd the ddng mgt vai trd quan
trgng trong viec giup Nha nttdc va nhan

<i>A A ^ </i> A V A

dan Viet Nam on dinh xa hgi va phat
trien dat nttde.

- Ve ngoai giao:

Trong linh -vttc boat ddng qud'c te^ ttt
kM cd Giao hdi Phat giao Viet Nam, Tang
Ni, Phat tuf Viet Nam eang phat huy td't
hdn truyen thd'ng hie'u hda, tdn trgng stt
sd'ng cua con ngttdi. Phat giao Viet Nam
da tich ettc tham gia sat canh cung cac life
Ittdng tie'n bd the' gidi tich ettc dau tranh
cho hda binh dn dinh tren toan eau, nha't
la khu -Vlfc Chau A Thai Binh Dttdng va dat
nMeu thanh qua dang ke.

Tren cac dien dan qude te' da'u tranh
cho hda binh, Giao hdi Phat giao Viet
Nam da the Men trgn ven truyen thd'ng
va lap trttdng yeu chudng hda binh cua
dan tdc Viet Nam nen da dttdc Tang Ni,
Phat tu' trong nttdc tin tttdng va bau ban
qude te' quy trgng gdp phan xifng dang

9 A A '

vao cdng cugc xay dttng va bao ve To
qude Viet Nam xa hdi chu nghia, bao ve
hda binh the'gidi.

<b>:!: * * </b>

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<i>Nguyen Thuy Thom. Suy nghive vai trd... </i>

<b>43 </b>

<i>vai tro cua moi mpt ngoi chua trong </i>

<i>cpng ddng lang-xa. Co the noi, moi ngoi </i>
<i>chua Phat giao la mpt bp phan cua van </i>
<i>hoa Viet. ; • </i>

Mdi ngdi ehua Phat giao gdp phan
duy tri lam phong phu ddi sd'ng van hda
tinh than eua mdt cdng ddng dan ctt.
Phat giao d Viet Nam vdi nhu'ng gia tri
ve nhan thttc, ve sinh boat, le nghi,v.v...
de lai da'u an kha sau dam trong cdng
ddng lang xa ndi rieng va dan tdc ndi
chung. Khdng gian nha chua edn la ndi
td chttc le hdi van hda cua cdng ddng
lang, dd la hdi chua. Tinh binh dan cua
Phat giao la mdi trttdng cho stt phat
trien cua van hda cung nhtt mdi trttdng
cbo stt bao Ittu van hda dan gian, vdi stt
dieu chinh thich nghi hay Viet hda da
tac ddng hay the Men trong suy nghi,
trong giao tie'p, trong sinh boat cdng
ddng. Ngoai ehtte nang tdn giao, ehua
cdn cd eae ehtte nang khac nhtt y te', van
hda, giao due,v.v...

Vdi tinh than hdp tac, doan ke't va hda
hdp dan tde, Phat giao eung nhtt cac tdn
giao khac tai Viet Nam ed the ddng vai
trd quan trgng trong viee giup Nha nttdc
va nhan dan Viet Nam dn dinh xa hdi,
phat trien da't nttdc va xay dttng bao tdn

ban sac van hda dan tde. Trai qua sud't
chieu dai lieh suf, Phat giao dttde khang
dinh va tim cho minh mdt chd difng quan
trgng trong tam linh ngttdi Viet, bie'n
tdn giao ngoai nhap thanh tdn giao eua
dan toe. Tin dd theo dao Phat ngay eang
ddng, canh cdng chua ludn rdng md eho
ta't ca mgi ngttdi yeu dao Phat. Phat giao
cd mat tren dat nttdc ta hdn 2000 nam,
chiing kie'n van menh thinh suy cua da't
nttdc, Phat giao khdng quay Ittng lai vdi
van hda dan tdc, ludn theo sat tttng bttdc

chan ngttdi dan trong eudc sd'ng hang
ngay.

Stt ra ddi cua Giao hdi Phat giao Viet
Nam la eudc chuyen ddng ldn nha't va
sau sac nhat dien ra tren dat nttdc ta. Ttt
khi thd'ng nha't Giao hdi Phat giao Viet
Nam va stt gap gd gitta ehu nghia xa hdi
khoa hgc, va thuye't nhan ban cua Phat
giao da thuc day stt phat trien tinh cam
yeu nttdc eua ngttdi Phat giao Viet Nam
len mdt bttdc mdi. Diem tttdng ddng gitta
Phat giao va chu nghia xa hdi la ea hai
deu nham de'n muc dich xay dttng cugc

, A 9

sdng am no, binh dang cho mgi ngttdi.
Trong tinh hinh kinh te' xa hdi nttdc
ta cdn nhieu khd khan phttc tap, thanh
qua eac hoat ddng Dao phap-Dan tdc-Chu
nghia xa hdi cua Phat giao da gdp phan
khdng nhd vao dn dinh xa hdi, ddng thdi
khang dinh niem tin Phat giao Viet Nam
dd'i vdi che' do mdi. Dd la mdt niem tin
chan chinh va kien dinh da dttde tdi
luyen, sang Igc qua bie't bao thang tram
trong lieh suf eua dan tdc. Chinh niem tin
dttdc day edng ren luyen da qua bao tap
phong ba ciia lich sii viing chac nhtt kim
cttdng bat hoai ay la mdt diem son sang
chdi cua Phat giao Viet Nam trong bttdc
dan than va ddng hanh vdi dan tdc vdi
each mang. Hoat ddng eiia Phat giao Viet
Nam da tao ra dttdc nhiing chuyen bie'n
tich die va dang ke trong ttt duy va hanh
ddng eua Tang Ni, Phat tuf Viet Nam.

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