Đảng ta với nghệ thuật nắm bắt thời cơ trong cách mạng tháng Tám năm 1945

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<b>BAHG TA V6l NGHi THUAT NAM BAT THOU Cff </b>

<b>TRONG CACH MANG</b>

<b> T H A N G</b>

<b> TAM NAM 1945 </b>

<i>Khdi nghia gidnh chinh quyen trong Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm ndm 1945 dHdi Phdng </i>

<i>Ndi din thdng lgi Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm ndm 1945 phdi ndi den nghe thudt ndm bdt thdi ca ciia </i>
<i>Hd Chi Minh vd cua Bd tham muu tdi cao cua Ddng ta. Thdi ca Id mdt vdn de cd tdm quan trgng </i>
<i>dgc biet trong nghe thudt chi dgo cdch mgng cua Ddng. Mudn cd thdi ca thi phdi biet tgo ra thdi ca </i>
<i>vd khi thdi ca den thi phdi tan dung vd tranh thii thdi ca, khong dugc bd la. Xde dinh muc tieu dung </i>
<i>md khong cd thdi ca, hay khdng biet chii dgng tgo ra thai ca, thi khdng the tien hdnh Tdng khdi </i>
<i>nghia thdng lgi. Nguyen Trdi, nhd chien lugc qudn su ldn cua ddn tgc ta da ndi: ngudi gioi dung </i>
<i>binh Id d cho biet ro thdi the. Dugc thdi, cd the, thi bien mdt thdnh cdn, nhd hda ra ldn; mdt thdi, </i>
<i>khdng the, thi mqnh hda rayeu, yeu lgi thdnh nguy, su thay ddi dy chi trong khodng trd bdn tay. </i>

<i>Tu tudng ldn ndy dd dugc Hd Chi Minh tdm tdt bdng mdy cdu tha trong bdi Hgc ddnh cd: </i>
"Phdi nMn eho rgng, suy cho ky,

Kien quyet, khdng ngimg thl tiln cdng;
Lac nudc, hai xe ddnh bd pU,

Gap thdi, mdt tdt eung thdnh edng"'.

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KY NIEM 65 NAM.

<i>Van de th&i ca, trong Cdch mang Thang </i>
Tdm, do la lflc cugc khflng hoang cMnh tri a
trong nudc ta da len den dinh diem; dgi tien
phong cfla each mang da quyet tam cMen ddu
den cimg; lyc lugng hdu bi da san sang ung hg
dgi tien phong; su hoang mang dao dgng va

chia re trong hang ngfl ke thfl da len den tgt
do. Den thdi diem ay thi thdi co cMen lugc se
xudt Men nhu mgt tat yeu khach quan, vd cugc
tdng khdi nghTa gianh chfnh quyen duong
nhien phai dugc dat ra nhu mgt quy ludt tat
yeu. Nhung, thdi co cflng cd the ludt qua
nhanh chdng, neu lyc lugng each mang khong
kip thdi chdp ldy vd lap tuc hanh dgng, thi se
bd la thdi co.

Vdy kM nao thi thdi co cMen lugc cfla
cugc Tdng khdi nghTa se xudt hien. Hgi nghi
Trung uong 8 (5 - 1941) cho rang, phdi cd
nam dieu kien sau ddy:

<i>Mdt Id, xay dung, phdt trien vd cflng cd </i>

Mat trdn dan tgc thdng nhdt chdng phat xft
Nhdt - Phdp d khap noi.

<i>Hai Id, gay mgt phong trao ddu tranh rgng </i>

rai va quyet Het de cilu nudc, ciru dan.

<i>Ba Id, chudn bi lyc lugng vfl trang, phat </i>

trien va cflng cd cdc dgi ty ve, don vi du kich,
thanh lap, phdt trien vd cung cd cdc can cfl
dia. Tuyen tmyen trong bmh Hnh cfla de quoc.

<i>Bdn Id, vfl trang ly ludn vd kinh ngMem khdi </i>

ngJiTa gianh ehfnh quyen cho can bg, ddng vien,
ngMen cflu kinh ngMem cfla cdc cugc khdi
ngMa Bac Son, Nam Ky, Dd Luong,...

<i>Ndm la, cflng co vd phdt trien Dang d cd </i>

thanh thi va ndng thdn, xdy dyng cho dugc
nhirng co sd cfla Ddng va co sd cflu qudc d
cac noi tap tnmg cdng nhdn, cac dudng giao
thdng cMen lugc.

Nhiing dieu kien ndi tren la nhflng yeu to
CO bdn de tang cudng thyc luc each mang va
ldm chuyen bien tinh Mnh so sanh luc lugng
<i>cd lgi cho ta. 6 day, diiu kiin la cdi xuat Men </i>
cfla thdi CO. Dieu kien la tien de ca bdn de
bien khd ndng thdnh Men thuc. Nhu vay, thdi
CO khong phdi ty nd xuat Men ma phdi cd dieu
kien bdo ddm cho thdi co xuat. hien. Xem
xet cac dieu kien chfnh la de bat mach thdi
CO. Khong cd nhirng dilu kien cdn thiet
hoac chua tao ra nhirng dieu kien dy ma da
vgi quyet dinh thdi co hanh dgng, thi se rai
vao con dudng phieu luu, mao hiem. Ngugc
lai, khi da cd dfl cac dieu kien tdt yeu md lai
khdng chdp lay thdi co de bien khd ndng
thdnh Men thuc thi lai pham sai ldm hiiu
khuynh.

Dang ta luon xem xet viec xudt Men thdi
CO cMen lugc tuy thugc vao dieu kien khdch
quan va dieu kien chfl quan, dieu kien ben
trong vd dieu kien ben ngoai, dieu kien trong
nudc va dieu kien qudc te, dieu kien cd tdc
dung nhat thdi va dieu kien cd tdc dung lau
dai. Ve dieu kien khach quan, dieu kien quoc
te cd lgi cho cugc khdi nghTa, Nghi quyet
Trung uong 8 (5-1941), da cM rd: "... qudn
Tau dai thdng qudn Nhdt, Cach mang Phap
hay Cach mang Nhdt noi day, phe ddn chfl dai
thdng d Thdi Binh Duong, Lien Xd dai thdng,
each mang cdc thugc dia Phap, Nhdt soi ndi
vd nhat la quan Tau hay qudn Anh - My tran
vao Ddng Duong"^. Dd Id nhflng dilu kien
ben ngoai giup cho tinh hinh each mang Dong
Duong mau phdt trien, gdp phdn tao thdi co
cho cugc Tdng khdi ngMa thang lgi.

Cdc hgc gid phuang Tdy khi ngMen cflu
Cdch mang Thang Tam nam 1945, da nhan

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xet rdng, eac nhd lanh dao Viet Minh chua dy
kien duge va td ra bdt ngd ddi vdi sy kien
Nhdt ddu hang Ddng minh.

Ndi rdng nhung nhd lanh dao Viet Nam
khdng ludng hit khd nang ddu hdng cua Nhdt
la khdng dflng. Sau cugc "dao chfnh" Phdp

ngay 9-3-1945 cfla phat xft Nhdt, thi ngdy
25-3-1945, Ddng ta da dy bdo: "Giac Nhat chilm
hdn Ddng Duong la trieu chflng qudn Dong
minh sdp do bg vdo Ddng Duong danh Nhat",
kha ndng "qudn Ddng minh tien vao danh
Nhdt d Ddng Duong khdng cdn xa nua". Va
day mdi la dieu quan trgng: "Qudn Dong
minh vao Dong Duong ddnh Nhdt. Phdt xit
Nhdt ddu hdng Ddng minh... la nhflng dip tdt
cho nhdn dan Dong Duong noi day gianh
quyen dgc lap, tu do""*. Day chang phdi la mgt
trong nhiing dieu kien de Ddng vd nhdn dan ta
chop ldy thdi co tien hdnh Tdng khdi nghTa
gianh chfnh quyen do sao? CM den lflc nay,
Ddng ta mdi cd the dy doan ve dai the khd
ndng khdch quan va dieu kien can tMet cho
phep xudt Men thdi ca cMen lugc gianh dgc
lap ddn tgc.

Khi dy dodn kha nang xudt Men cfla thdi
CO, Dang ta bao gid cflng coi trgng dieu kien
khdch quan, nhung luon luon nhdn manh din
dieu kien chfl quan, den hanh dgng ty giac cfla
qudn chflng nhan ddn ldm bien ddi khd nang
chuyen hda cua thdi co. Lich su chflng minh,
ciing mgt dilu kien khdch quan ngang nhau,
nhung dieu kien chfl quan khac nhau, se cd tdc
dung khdc nhau. Neu cM nhdn manh dilu kien
ben ngoai ma khdng coi trgng hay coi khdng
ddy dfl dilu kien ben trong tM khdng thl xde

dinh dflng khd ndng hanh dgng dl chdp thdi
CO gidnh thdng lgi quylt dinh eho each mang.

Do dd, Ddng tacho rdng: "... dfl ddi vdi
Trung Qudc do hay Trung Quoc trdng, ddi vdi
Lien Xd hay la Anh, My ta cflng khong dugc
cd thai do y lai, uon hen, khong dugc khoanh
<i>tay chd cho ngudi ta den giai phong hg. Cdng </i>

<i>viic gidi phdng ddn tgc cua ta phdi tu ta ldm </i>
<i>lay; siec ung hd bin ngodi neu cd the chi Id </i>
<i>them vdo md thdi". Chfnh tren y nghTa ay, </i>

Dang ta chi rd: "... bon phdn ta Id phdi gap rflt
chudn bi lyc lugng de bat cii trong trudng hgp
nao cflng cd the lgi dung kM qudn Trung
Qudc hay qudn Anh, My vdo Dong Duong
<i>ma noi day gianh cMnh quyen, tu luc xdy </i>

<i>dvmg ca do cho ddn tgc"^. </i>

Tu duy bien chflng cfla Dang luon ludn
thau sudt quan diem toan dien trong khi xem
xet khd ndng xudt hien va phdt trien cfla thdi
CO, tuc Id vfla nhdn manh dieu kien khach
quan, nhung khong xem nhe dieu kien chfl
quan, nam vflng dieu kien ben trong, nhung
khong quen tfnh toan dieu kien ben ngoai,
luon xem xet cdc dieu kien trong nudc, nhung
khdng quen xet ky den cdc dieu kien quoc te,

vfla nhin todn cue tren co sd phdn tfch quy
luat phat trien tong hgp cfla cac dieu kien xudt
Men thdi co, nhung lai khong quen di sdu
phdn tfch cu the cac dieu kien rieng Met trong
mdi lien he tdng the cfla thdi co. Cd the ndi dd
Id nghe thuat xem xet cac quy ludt bien ddi
<i>cfla cdc dieu kien dk thflc ddy qua trinh xuat </i>
Men va chuyin hoa cfla thdi ca.

Trong kM du doan cac kha nang phdt trien
cfla thdi CO, ta khong chi cd xem xet cdc khd
nang phdt trien cua ta ma cdn phdi chfl y theo
ddi kha nang phdt trien cfla doi phuang. Trong
each mang, moi ben muon thuc hien kha nang
lya chgn cfla minh thi khdng the khong tinh

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KY NIEM 65 NAM.

din viec ngan chdn khd nang thyc Men cfla
ddi phuang. Vi vdy, mudn thuc hien khd ndng
dugc lyc chgn, bao gid cflng phdi trdi qua mgt
cugc ddu tri va dau lyc giua hai lyc lugng:
mdi ben deu mudn thyc Men nhanh chdng
nhung khd nang lya chgn cfla minh bang cdch
cd gdng tim Meu, nghien cuu khd nang hanh
dgng cfla doi phuang de ra sue kiem che viec
thyc Men nhiing kha nang dy.

Ndi din thdi co cfla Cach mang Thang
Tam ndm 1945, khong the khong ndi den

cugc ddu tri het sue cang thang giua mgt ben
la cdc nha cMen lugc cfla lyc lugng each
mang Viet Nam vd mgt ben Id cdc nhd cMen
lugc cfla Anh, Phdp, My, Tudng Gidi Thach.

Cd the ndi trong cugc "chay dua" ndy, cdc
nhd chien lugc cua cdc nudc Dong minh da
gap khd nMeu mdu thudn, Iflng tflng, bi dgng
va khdng ft bdt ngd. Cugc cMen tranh Thai
Binh Duong nd ra ngdy 7-12-1941, cdc nudc
Ddng minh deu len tieng chong Nhat, nhung
tai sao Nhdt lai vdo Dong Duong mgt each
khd "de ddng" ma khdng vdp phdi mgt sy
chdng tra nao cua Anh, Phdp, My, Tudng. Bdi
vi, ngi bg cfla hg chua ddy mdu thudn: Mdu
thudn gifla Anh vd My, gifla Phdp va My,
giua Phdp vd Tudng... Anh tM mudn nhanh
chdng vdo Vien Dong de gidnh lai nhiing
thugc dia md Nhdt da cMem giu sau cugc
cMen tranh Thai Binh Duong; cho nen, trudc
sau Anh ludn ludn flng hg Phdp mau chdng
dua lyc lugng sang Vien Ddng chdng Nhdt va
giup Phap trd lai Ddng Duong. Sau that bai d
chdu Au vdo thdng 6-1940, Phdp bugc phai
chdp nhdn cho Nhat vao Dong Duong, nhung
trudc sau vdn cd dm muu trd lai thong tri
Ddng Duong.

Nhin thdy luc lugng cfla Anh, Phdp d Vien
Dong da suy yeu trong chien tranh. My lgi

dung tinh Mnh dy, dm muu gat ddn anh hudng
cfla Anh, Phap d khu vyc nay, nhat Id muon
Ioai bd Phap ra khdi Dong Duong. Nhung,
My bi ket vao cugc chien tranh Thdi Binh
Duong chdng Nhdt, chua cd co hgi can tMep
tryc tiep, nen phdi dflng con bai Tudng Gidi
<i>Thach dk kilm chdn Phap. Cdn Tudng, tuy da </i>
tuyen chiln vdi Nhat ngdy 9-12-1941, nhung
vi bi hao ngudi ton cfla trong cugc cMen
chdng Nhdt d trong nudc, nen chua the ndi
din viec chong Nhat tren cMen trudng Dong
Duong. Hon nfla, Tudng mudn tap trung lyc
lugng cho cugc cMen chong Dang Cgng sdn
Trung Qudc, chu khong muon phdn tan lyc
lugng di noi khdc.

Nhu vdy, be ngodi hg cflng hd hdo chdng
Nhdt, nhung ben trong ngi bg lai luc due,
vfla lgi dyng nhau lai vfla kiem che ldn
nhau, nen quan Nhat mdi tien vao Dong
Duong mgt each thuan lgi nhu vdy. Tuy
nhien, ngay tfl khi qudn Nhat tien vao Lang
Son, nhdn dan ta da dflng cam dflng len
chong Nhdt, dien hinh Id cugc khdi nghTa
Bac Son, thdng 9-1940, da ndi rd dilu nay.
Vdn de cdc lyc lugng Ddng minh tien vao
Dong Duong la dieu khong sam thi mugn
nhdt dinh se xdy ra. Viec lgi dung mau
thudn va lam cho cac lyc lugng dy luc due,
kiem che va cdn chan nhau trong viec vdo

Ddng Duong la dieu ma Ddng ddc biet quan
tam, nham lam chdm budc tien cfla chflng
de tao thdi co cho ta chudn bi ddy dfl lye
lugng tien hdnh Tong khdi nghTa thdng lgi.
Nghi quyet cfla todn qudc Hgi nghi Ddng
Cgng sdn Ddng Duong da nhdn dinh rd:

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"a) Su mau thudn gifla hai phe Ddng minh
Anh, Phap vd My, Tdu vl nhflng vdn dl Ddng
Duong la mgt dilu ta cdn lgi dyng.

b) Sy mau thudn giua Anh, My, Phdp vd
Lien Xd cd thl ldm cho Anh, My nhdn
nhugng vdi Phap va dl cho Phap trd lai Ddng
Duang"^

Lgi dung mau thudn trong ngi bg cdc lyc
lugng Ddng minh nhdm tranh thfl vd tan dung
thdi CO gianh thdng lgi quylt dinh trong Cdch
mang Thdng Tdm, la "phai trdnh cdi trudng
hgp mgt minb ddi phd vdi nMlu lyc lugng
Dong minh (Tau, Phdp, Anh, My) trdn vdo
nudc ta va dat Chfnh phfl cfla Phdp Dagon
hay mgt chfnh phu bfl nhin khdc trdi vai y
nguyen ddn tge"^. Bdi vdy, dudng loi hdnh
dgng cfla Dang ta, nhu Nghi quyet da cM rd:
"... cdn tranh thu sy ddng tinh cfla Lien Xd vd
My chdng lai muu mo cfla Phap dinh khoi
phye dia vi cfl d Dong Duong va muu mo cfla
mgt sd qudn phiet Tau dinh chiem nudc ta".

Vd dieu quyet dinh trong cugc chay dua de
tranh thu thdi co nay la "chi cd thyc lyc cfla ta
mdi quyet dinh dugc thang lgi giua ta vd
Ddngminh"^

Tu nam 1942 trd di, cdng ve sau mdu thuan
va ddu tranh gifla cac lyc lugng Ddng minh
xung quanh vdn de dua qudn vao Dong
Duong tiep dien ngdy cang gay gat trong cac
cugc dam phdn ve khu vyc hanh qudn. Ddi
vdi Phdp, ke cd nMlu quyln lgi tMit thdn
nhdt, va ddi hdi cdp bdch phdi vdo Viet Nam,
tW da bi My nhieu ldn ngdn cdn va gay khd
de. Ngay tfl thdng 9-1943 Phap da quylt dinh
td chuc mgt dao qudn gdm hai su doan Viin
Ddng. Nhung mai din thdng 11-1944,
F.Rudoven, Tdng thdng My da lenh cho cdc

nhan vien quan sy va dan sy My khong dugc
thdo ludn va ddng y ve bdt cfl dieu gi vdi Phap
lien quan tdi Dong Duong. Dong thdi tfl choi
giflp Phdp viec trang bi vu khi va phuang tien
chuyin quan sang Vien Dong, lay cd Id My
phai tap trung cho viec phuc vu chien trudng
chdu Au. Thdng 1-1945, Rudaven lai co cong
ham cMnh thflc tu choi yeu cau khdn thiet
cung cap tdu chd quan Phdp sang Vien Dong,
mai den thang 5-1945, sau cugc "ddo cMnh"
cfla Nhat d Dong Duong hai thang, Phdp mdi
bdt ddu chuan bi dua hai su doan sang Dong

Duong, nhung doan qudn nay dat dudi quyen
chi huy cfla qudn dgi My d Thai Binh Duong.

Cdn trong cugc "dao cMnh", qudn Phdp
thao chay qua bien gidi Viet - Trung, cflng vdi
phdi bg 5 cfla Phap d Con Minh deu bi quan
Tudng cam chan d Hoa Nam. Den ngdy

21-7-1945, My lai cy tuyet mgt lan nua viec cimg
cap tdu chd qudn cua tudng Phap Loclec sang
Ddng Duong. Dieu tham hai doi vdi Phap la
chi hai ngdy sau, ngay 23-7-1945, tai Hgi nghi
Pdtxdam, My va Anh da thda thudn lay vT
tuyen 16 (Da Nang) lam ranh gidi hdnh quan
vd tiep nhan sy ddu hdng cfla Nhdt d Viet
Nam. Ci Nam vT tuyen 16 thugc quyen kiem
sodt cfla quan dgi Anh va phfa Bde la quan dgi
My, nhung My lai de cho qudn Tudng thay
minh ldm viec ndy tu vT tuyen 16 trd ra.

Mgt so hgc gid My co bien minh cho cMnh
sach tren day la "thien chi" cfla My "ngdn
edn" Phdp trd lai Dong Duong. Nhung, My
lam nhu vay khong phai la co thai do tot dep
gi vdi each mang Dong Duong. Chang qua la
My muon gat Phdp ra khdi Dong Duong dl
thay chan Phap bang each "choi con bai"
Tudng Gidi Thach. Ddng thdi chfnh sach ndy

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KYNIEM 65 NAM...

cflng phdn dnh mdu thuan ngi bg gifla cac
nudc Dong minh trong vdn de Dong Duong.

Giai phap vT tuyin 16 vl Viet Nam thyc
chdt Id sy thda Mep va nhugng bg giua Anh,
Phap, My, Tudng trong viec trd lai va tieu diet
phong trao cdch mang Viet Nam. My chap
nhdn de Anh dua quan vao phfa Nam vT tuyen
16 tuc Id mac nhien chap nhdn cho Phdp trd
lai ft nhdt la rraln Nam Viet Nam, vi My Meu
dugc lap trudng trudc sau nhu mgt cfla Anh
flng hg viec Phap trd lai Dong Duong. Cho
nen, kM My tim cdch ngdn can khong muon
cho Phdp vao Viet Nam sudt tu nam 1941 den
ndm 1945, thi dilu do My khdng cd gi la
"tMen cM" doi vdi Viet Nam, ma chfnh la
xudt phdt tfl quyen lgi de qudc chfl ngMa.

Nhu vay, sau cugc Nhdt ddo cMnh Phdp
ngay 9-3-1945, cugc chay dua gifla lyc lugng
cdch mang nudc ta nhdm gidnh lai nen dgc lap
ddn tgc, gidnh chfnh quyen ve tay nhdn ddn vd
cac lyc lugng Ddng minh cflng thyc ddn Phap
nham xac lap quyen lyc tai Ddng Duong va
Viet Nam ngdy cdng quyet liet hon, ddc biet la
trudc vd sau thdi diem Hgi nghi Pdtxdam cd
sy phdn chia dut khodt khu vyc hanh qudn va
tiep nhdn sy dau hang cfla Nhdt d Viet Nam.

Viec lue due, mdu thuan, lgi dung, kiem ehe
nhau cua cdc lyc lugng Dong minh xuat phdt
tu lgi fch de qudc chfl ngMa nhu tren da phdn
tfch, chfnh Id nguyen nhdn ddu tien quan trgng
nhdt kMen cho cdc lyc lugng Ddng minh liing
tflng, hi dgng vd bat ngd trong viec chgn thdi
diem dua qudn vao Dong Duong va Viet Nam.
Trong viec ddnh gia lyc lugng cua Lien
Xd. Anh va My cho rang, tuy d Hgi nghi
Yanta (2-1945), Lien Xo da thda thudn se
tham chien chong Nhdt ba thang sau kM Due

bi ddnh bai d chau Au, nhung hg lai khdng
bao gid ludng dugc Lien Xd lai cd the nhanh
chdng chudn bi va dieu dgng dugc mgt lyc
lugng hflng hau sang mat trdn pMa Ddng
trong mgt thdi gian ngdn. Hon nfla, Anh vd
My cho rdng dfl cd tuyen chien vdi Nhat,
nhung Lien Xo khong the tieu diet nhanh ggn
dgi quan Quan Dong hdu nhu cdn nguyen ven
nhu vdy. Bdi do danh gid cao lyc lugng cfla
Nhdt va ddnh gid thap luc lugng cfla Lien Xd,
ma trong cugc chay dua vao Dong Duong,
cac Ddng minh da bd lo nMeu ca hgi. Cho
din tan ngay 1 thdng gieng ndm 1945, trong
thdng bdo giri Thu trudng ngoai giao My,
Tdng thdng F.Rudoven ndi: "Toi van chua
mudn cMnh thflc dfnh liu bat cfl quyet dinh
ndo ve Ddng Duong... Toi ciing khong muon
cd bdt cfl mgt no luc quan sy ndo vdo lflc ndy

de gidi phdng Dong Duong khdi ngudi
Nhdt... Xet theo quan diem qudn sy hay ddn
sy, hanh dgng vdo lflc nay la qua sdm". Ong
ta cdn nhdn manh: "Ddng Duong khdng nam
trong khu vyc quan tdm cfla Hgi ddng tham
muu lien qudn My"^.

Trong khi do tM ngay tfl ndm 1941, Hd
<i>CM Minh da dy bdo rdng "Ndm 1945 Viet </i>

<i>Nam ddc lap". Va sau dd, thdng 10-1944, </i>

<i>trong Thu gin ddng bdo todn qudc, Ngudi cdn </i>
ndi: "Co hgi cho ddn tgc ta gidi phdng d trong
mgt ndm hoac nam rudi nua. Thdi gian rdt
gap. Ta phdi lam nhanh"". Ngay 8-8-1945,
khi Lien Xd ma mat tran pMa Dong, cMnh
thflc tham cMin chdng Nhdt, thi tfl ngay 13
den ngay 15, Ddng ta trieu tap Hgi nghi toan
quoc, cM rd nhirng dieu kien khdi nghTa d
Dong Duong nhu da cMn mudi; co hgi rdt tdt
cho ta gidnh quyen dgc lap da tdi. Vd cdn

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nhieu quylt dinh cyc ky khoa hgc vd chfnh
xac nfla ma Hd Chf Minh va Thudng vy
Trung uong dd dua ra trong thdi dilm lich su
quan trgng nay. Dd la nhung quylt dinh d tdm
chien lugc vd sach lugc, d tdm phuang phdp
each mang va nghe thudt chi dao, gdp phdn to
ldn din tdi thdng lgi vT dai trong cugc Cach

mang Thang Tam nam 1945.

Trong kM cac nudc Ddng minh cd nhieu co
hgi vd dugc chudn bi kha chu ddo de gidnh gidt
va xde dinh quyen luc tai Viet Nam, tM thdi co
each mang cM den vdd Ddng vd nhdn dan ta
trong vdng tren dudi 15 ngay, ke tfl kM phdt xft
Nhdt tuyen bd ddu hang Dong minh. Ngdy
19-8-1945, cugc khdi ngMa thdnh cdng d Hd Ngi,
ngdy 23-8 d Hue vd ngay 25-8 d Sdi Gdn.
CMnh phfl^ ldm thdi do Ho CM Minh dflng ddu
ra ddi ngay 28-8-1945. Trong kM dd tM cM
den ngay 24-8-1945 My mdi thfla nhdn chfnh
thuc ve quyen cfla Phdp tro lai Dong Duong,
tuc Id sau kM Cdch mang Thdng Tam da thanh
cdng ve ca bdn trong cd nuoc. Cdn Anh tM
phdi den ngay 12-9-1945, nhiing don vi dau
tien cua quan Anh - An mdi vao tdi Sai Gdn,
trong kM Viet Nam da tuyen bd dgc lap tu
ngay 2-9-1945. Thdm hai hon la Phap, ngay
18-8-1945, tudng Loclec mdi len dudng sang
Vien Ddng, Cao fly Dacgidnglio tM den ngdy
<i>5-9-1945 mdi rdi Pari Ien dudng di An Do dk </i>
tu dd sang Dong Duong. Cdn quan Tudng tM
din ngdy 27-8-1945, gdn hai tudn sau kM Nhdt
ddu hang, mdi bat ddu vugt Men gidi Viet
-Trung, vd mai din ngay 9-9-1945 mdi vdo tdi
Ha Ngi, trong kM mgi viee chflng ta da gidi
quylt xong xudi vdo ngdy 2-9-1945.

Toan bg nhflng sy kien da xdy ra cflng nhu
tdt cd nhung ddi sdch do Hd CM Minh va

Thudng vu Tnmg uang de ra vd thuc thi, da
rranh chflng cho tu duy sang tao, cho tri tue va
tdi ndng kiet xuat ma Dang ta da the hien
trong nghe thuat chi dao each mang. Mdi 15
tudi, nhung each mang da tdi luyen cho Dang
ta thdnh mgt dang khd thdnh thao trong van
dung phep bien chflng vao viec phdn tfch, du
doan chfnh xac cdc khd ndng, dieu kien xuat
Men cfla thdi ca, vao qua trinh flng phd linh
hoat trong viec van dung thdi ca va chdp thdi
CO hanh dgng kip thdi, mau le nhu trong Cach
mang Thang Tam nam 1945.

Phai Id mgt Dang da tflng dugc thu thach
trong ddu tranh, nam vflng chfl nghTa Mac
-Lenin vd tu tudng Ho CM Minh, biet lanh dao
phong trdo thyc tien bang each van dung mgt
cdch uyen chuyen tinh nguyen tdc vd tfnh linh
hoat trong cMen lugc va sach lugc, bang each
ket hgp mgt each kheo leo tfnh cimg rdn vd
tfnh mem deo trong phuang phdp, tM Dang ta
mdi cd the dp dung nghe thuat ay mgt each tdi
tinh nhu vay. Dd la thanh cdng noi trgi cfla
Dang ta trong nghe thuat cM dao cugc Tong
khdi ngMa Thang Tdm nam 1945.

<i>1. HS Chi Mmh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000, T.3, tr. 287 </i>

<i>2, 6, 7, 8, 11. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Van kien </i>

<i>Ddng Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000, T.7, tr.DO, 427, 427, </i>

<i>427,353 .. -;•: . •,••<. . • '. </i>

<i>3.V.I.Lenin Todn tqp,Tiln bo, M, 1977,T.36, tr.352 </i>

<i>4, 5. Tmong - Chinh: Cdch mgng ddn tgc ddn chii </i>

<i>nhdn dan Viet Nam, ST, H, 1975, T.l, tr.305,236 </i>

<i>9. Cdch mgng Thdng Tdm, mot sukien vTdqi cua thi </i>

<i>kyXX, CTQG, H, 2005, tr.l20 </i>

<i>10. Xem: Cdch mang Thdng Tdm, mgt sukien vTdqi cua </i>

<i>thik;!XX,SM,\r.\2\. </i>

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