Unit 03 ways of socializing (e language focus 2)

Look at these pictures
and guess what
they are doing.


Saturday, September 18th , 2010

Unit 3: WAYS OF SOCIALISING


• Pronunciation : Stress in two-syllable words
• Grammar: Reported speech


Pronunciation
* Listen and repeat.
Attract

[ə'trækt]

Discuss [dis'kʌs]
Suppose [sə'pouz]
Waving ['weiviη]
Walking
['wɔ:kiη]
Pointing
['pɔintiη]

Signal ['signəl]
Instance ['instəns]

Student ['stju:dnt]
Polite [pə'lait]
Police
[pə'li:s]
Between
[bi'twi:n]


COMMON RULES:
- For verbs, stress is often put on the
second syllable.
Ex: attract, begin, discuss…
- For noun or adjectives, stress is often put
on the first syllable.
Ex: polite, signal, English…


* Practise reading these sentences:
Linda Cupple is a social worker in my village.
William Makepeace Thackeray was a famous
British writer.
David Warren is Linda’s teacher’s doctor.
Janet is having a number of problems.
Michael is sailing across the river.
Jenny is waiting for Michael to return.


Grammar: Reported Speech

1. Change in pronouns:

- I/We  Subject
Ex: I  He/She; me  him/her, my 
his/her
We
They; us  them; our  their
- You

Object
Ex: You (S)  He/She/I/We/They
You (O)  him/her/me
your  his/her/my/our/their
- He/She/It/They  ø


2. Changes in tenses:
Direct speech

Reported speech

Present simple

Past simple

Present progressive

Past progressive

Past simple

Past simple/Past perfect

Past progressive

Past progressive/Past perfect
progressive

Present perfect

Past perfect

Present perfect progressive

Past perfect progressive

Past perfect

Past perfect

Past perfect progressive

Past perfect progressive


3. Changes in time, place and demonstrative heads:
Direct speech

Reported speech

time

now
today
tonight
tomorrow
yesterday
last night
two days ago

then/immediately
that day
that night
the next/following day
the day before/the previous day
the night before
two days before/earlier

place

here

there

demonstrative
heads

this
these

that
those

KINDS OF REPORTED SPEECH
1. Imperative:
a. Positive: S + asked / told / ordered / …+ O + to Vo …
b. Negative: S + asked / told / ordered / …+ O + not + to Vo …
Ex: He said to them, “Don't tell me such a nonsense!”


He told them not to tell him such a nonsense.
Notes:
Vo  to Vo
•
Don’t Vo  not to Vo
•


2. Statement:
S + told + O / said + (that) + S + V (lùi 1
thì)
Ex: ”I have just bought you a new hat,” my
mother said to me.
=> My mother told me/said that she had just
bought me a new hat.


3. Yes/No question:
S + asked + O + if/whether + S + V(lùi 1
thì)
Ex: ”Have you ever been to Europe before?” my

friend asked me.
=> My friend asked me if I had ever been to
Europe before.


4. Wh question:
S + asked +O+ Wh-word… + S + V(lùi 1
thì)
Ex: “How many books did you buy yesterday?”
my mother asked my sister.
=> My mother asked my sister how many
books she had bought the previous day.


5. Advice:
S + should/had better/ought to/be supposed + V 0
or If I were you/ I would + V/ Why don’t you
=> S

+ advised (sb) + to do sth

Ex: “ You should clean your room tomorrow,” my mother
said.
My mother advised me to clean my room the
following day


6. Suggestion:
Let’s/why don’t we/shall we + V0
or What/ how about + Ving

S + suggested (that)+ S+ should
+V0
S + suggested + Ving
Ex: “ Why don’t we tell her the truth?” he said.
=> He suggested telling her the truth.


7. Greeting:
S + said “ Hello/Good….” +
to sb
Ex: “ Good morning,how are you?” he said to
me.
=>He said “good morning” to me and
asked how I was.


8.Offer :
S + offered + to do sth
Ex: “Shall I take off your coat?”,I said to
her.
 I offered to take off her coat.


9. Apology:
I’m sorry for sth

=> S + apologized for doing

sth

Ex: " I am sorry for being late"
=> He apologized for being late.


10. Invitation

:

- Would you like sth
- Have sth
- Will you have sth
- Would you like to do sth
- Could you do sth
=> S + invited sb +

to do sth

Ex: "Would you like to go to the cinema
with me?“ he said to me.
=> He invited me to go to the cinema
with him.


11.Thanks:
S + thanked + O + for + Ving
Ex: “ It was very nice of you to give me the
present. Thank you,” Lan said to Nam.
 Lan thanked Nam for giving her the
present.

Reported speech with to infinitive
S + V + O + (not) to infinitive
(Verbs: advise, encourage, persuade, order,
warn, expect, tell…)
 Reported speech with gerund
S + V + (O) + prep + (not) Ving
(Verbs: thank sb for, accuse sb of,
congratulate sb on, warn sb against,
apologize sb for, dream of, object to,
prevent/stop sb from…)


Grammar
Exercise :1

I’ going to work
“ I’m
in m
Ho Chi Minh City
next
nextJuly
July
.”
Tell your friend what
Thuan said:

1.Thuan saidhe was
going to work in
the next

Ho Chi Minh
City
. July


“ I work for a big
company.”

2. Thuan said he worked
for a big company.


“ I’m their
marketing manager.”

3. Thuan said he was their
marketing manager.