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Chuyên đề II: PASSIVE VOICE (CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG)

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<b>PASSIVE VOICE (CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG</b>

<b>)</b>


<b>I. Định nghĩa </b>



<b>II. Các dạng câu bị động.</b>



1. Bị động của các thì.



2. Bị động của động từ khuyết thiếu.


3. Bị động nguyên mẫu



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<b> </b>


<b> PASSIVE VOICE( CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG)</b>


<b>I.</b> <b>Định nghĩa .</b>


E.g. Mary wrote a letter (Câu chủ động)


A letter was written by Mary. ( Câu bị động)


<b>* Câu bị động là câu được dùng để nhấn mạnh vào hành động, không quan </b>
<b>trọng là ai hay cái gì thực hiện hành động đó.</b>


<b>* Cấu trúc chung: </b>


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<b> </b>


<b> PASSIVE VOICE</b>


<b>II. Các dạng bị động.</b>



<b>1. Bị động của các thì : S + BE + P2 + (by O)</b>


- Present simple (hiện tại đơn) :
- Past simple (quá khứ đơn):


- Present progressive ( hiện tại tiếp diễn):
- Past progressive ( quá khứ tiếp diễn) :
- Present perfect ( hiện tại hoàn thành) :


S + am/is/are + P2
S + was/ were + P2


S + am/is/are + being + P2
S + was/were+ being + P2


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<b>* Cách chuyển câu chủ động sang câu bị động.</b>
E.g. Mary waters


S V O


Câu chủ động : S V O


Câu bị động : S + + P2 (by O)


<b>PASSIVE</b>

<b>VOICE</b>



Bước 1. Xác định S (chủ ngữ), O (tân ngữ) và thì
của động từ trong câu chủ động.



Bước 2. Đưa O của câu chủ động xuống làm S
trong câu bị động.


Bước 3. Động từ ở câu chủ động ở thì nào, chia
BE theo thì đó rồi thêm P2 của động từ.


Bước 4. Đưa S trong câu chủ động làm O và để
“by” lên trước.( Có thể bỏ đi)


→ Flowers are watered by Mary
S BE


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<b> PASSIVE VOICE</b>


<b>Chú ý: </b>


1. Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là : I, you, we, they, she, he, it thì có thể bỏ đi nếu
không muốn đề cập tới chủ thể gây ra hành động.


• Nếu chủ ngữ là people, someone, everyone, anyone, no one, … thì được bỏ đi.


This house was built ( by them).


<i><b>2. Trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by O, chỉ thời gian đứng sau by O.</b></i>
Trees are being planted in the garden by the students at the moment.
adv (place) adv (time)


3. Động từ có 2 tân ngữ: được chuyển thành 2 câu bị động với hai chủ ngữ khác nhau.



My mother gave me a cake
O1 O2


→ I was given a cake by my mother


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<b>Exercise 1. Change the following sentences into passive voice.</b>


1.

Mary is cutting the cake in the kitchen.



The cake is being cut in the kitchen by Mary.



2. They grow rice in tropical countries.


Rice is grown in tropical countries



3. Someone broke his windows last night.


His windows were broken last night



4. People don’t speak French here


French isn’t spoken here



5. Did the teacher punish the boy yesterday ?



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<b> PASSIVE VOICE</b>


<b>2. Bị động của động từ khuyết thiếu.</b>


<b> E.g. They can understand the question.</b>


→ The question can be understood .
Will/ would



Can/ could
May / might


Should/ ought to
Must


Need




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<b>3. Bị động nguyên mẫu</b>


Used to


Have to + be + P2
Be going to


E.g. - The students have to do the work.


→The work has to be done by the students.


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<b>Exercise 2. Change the following sentences into passive voice.</b>



1. Bill will invite Ann to the party.



Ann will be invited to the party by Bill



2. They may use this room for the meeting.


This room may be used for the meeting.




3. The teacher is going to tell a story



A story is going to be told by the teacher.



4. My sister mustn’t play computer games .



The computer games mustn’t be played by my sister .



5. They have to clean the wall immediately



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<b>Exercise 3. Choose the best answer</b>


1. English all over the world.


A. is spoken B. is speak C. is speaks D. is to speak
2. This exercise may with a pencil.


A. be written B. be to write C. be writing D. write
3. So far three houses __________ .


A. are built B. were built C. have built D. have been built.
4. Lots of houses_________ by the earthquake.


A. are destroying B. destroyed C. were destroyed D. is destroyed
5. At this time last Sunday these animals in small iron cages.
A. keep B. kept C. are being kept D. are keeping
6. The money ______ to him 2 months ago, but he ______ it back yet.
A. was lent/ had not been given B. has been lent/ was not given



C. was lent/ has not given D. was lent/ has not been given
7. your house painted last year?


A. Had B. Did C. Have D. Was
8. The room _________ at the moment.


A. was cleaned B. is being cleaned C. is cleaning D. cleans


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<b>4. Bị động không ngôi (impersonal passive) : thường đi với một số động từ chỉ ý </b>


kiến, quan điểm như là say, think, believe , suppose , report, expect , know , hope,
claim, ……


<b> E.g: a. People say that he does his work carefully </b>


MĐ1 MĐ2


b. They thought that the man stole the car.
MĐ1 MĐ2


<b> Cách 1: Bắt đầu bằng It……</b>


<b> </b>


<b>Cách 2: Bắt đầu bằng chủ ngữ 2:</b>


<b> a. He is said </b>to do his work carefully


b. The man was thought to have stolen the car



<b> to have + P2( quá khứ đơn/ hiện tại hoàn thành)</b>


<b>that he does his work carefully</b>


<b>a. It is said </b>


<b> that the man stole the car. </b>


<b>b. It was thought</b>


<b>PASSIVE VOICE</b>



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<b>Exercise 4. Change the following sentences into passive voice .(in 2 ways)</b>


1. They say that he has done it for two days


→………
→………


2. People hope that the spread of coronavirus in the world will stop soon
→………


→………


3. People have reported that Ha Long Bay is the most beautiful natural
wonder in Viet Nam.


→………
→………



4. People say that the coronavirus has killed a lot of people all over the world
→………


→………


5. They expected that more than 100.000 people attended the festivals at the
Perfume Pagoda last year.


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<b>Exercise 4. Change the following sentences into passive voice .</b>


1. They say that he has done it for two days




- It is said that he has done it for two days.


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<b>Exercise 4. Change the following sentences into passive voice .</b>


2. People hope that the spread of coronavirus in the world will stop soon




- It is hoped that the spread of coronavirus in the world will stop soon


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<b>Exercise 4. Change the following sentences into passive voice .</b>


3. People have reported that Ha Long Bay is the most beautiful natural
wonder in Viet Nam.


- It has been reported that Ha Long Bay is the most beautiful natural wonder


in Viet Nam.


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<b>Exercise 4. Change the following sentences into passive voice .</b>


4. People say that the coronavirus has killed a lot of people all over the
world .


- It is said that the coronavirus has killed a lot of people all over the world.


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<b>Exercise 4. Change the following sentences into passive voice .</b>


5. They expected that more than 100.000 people attended the festivals at
the Perfume Pagoda last year.


- It was expected that more than 100.000 people attended the festivals at the
Perfume Pagoda last year.


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<b>Exercise 5. Find the mistakes in the sentences.</b>


1. The picture was painting by Michael last year.
A B C D


2. I discovered that many strange things were happened last night.
A B C D


3: Our house must be clean twice a day in the morning and in the evening.
A B C D


4. He is believed to work for the CIA in the 1970s.
A B C D



5: Must a face mask be wore carefully when you go out in crowed places?
A B C D


6. Is your mother being made a big cake for the party in the kitchen?


A B C D


7. A campaign is going to organized to raise money for the victims of Covid-19.
A B C D


8. How many books is going to be covered with red paper ?


A B C D


C
happened
B
C
making
have worked
was painted
B
B


B ( be organized)


are
B



cleaned


B


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