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UNIT 6: THE ENVIRONMENT - GRADE 9
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<b>Unit 6: THE ENVIRONMENT </b>
<i><b>A/ New words: </b></i>
<b>I/ Getting Started – Listen and Read </b>
<b>environment </b> / ɪn`vɑɪrənmənt / [n] môi trường --> environmental (adj)
<b>Ex:</b> If we keep our environment clean, we will live a happier and healthier life.
<b>garbage -> ~ dump / bin </b> / `gɑrbɪdʒ / [n] rác thải --> bãi/ thùng rác
<b>dump </b>--> garbage ~ / dʌmp / [n] bãi đổ, nơi chứa --> bãi rác
<b>pollute </b>--> pollution (n) / pə`lu:t / [v] làm / gây ô nhiễm --> sự ô nhiễm
<b>pollutant </b> / pə`lu:tənt / [n] chất ô nhiễm
<b>unpolluted </b> / ʌnpə`lu:təd / [adj] không / chưa bị ô nhieãm
<b>deforest </b>--> -ation (n) / dɪfɔ:rəs`teɪʃən / [v] phá rừng, phát quang ; nạn phá rừng
<b>Ex: </b>Everyone must take part in preventing deforestation.
<b>dynamite </b> / `dɑɪnəmɑɪt / [n, v] thuốc nổ ; phá hủy bằng thuốc nổ
<b>spray </b> / spreɪ / [v] phun
<b>pesticide </b> / `pestəsɑɪd / [n] thuốc trừ sâu
<b>volunteer </b> / vɔlən`tɪə / [n] tình nguyện, tình nguyện viên
<b>conservationist </b> / kɑnsər`veɪʃənɪst / [n] người làm việc để bảo vệ môi trường
<b>Ex:</b> Mr. Brown is talking to some volunteer conservationists.
<b>group </b> / gru:p / [n] nhoùm
<b>plastic bag </b> / `plỉstɪk bỉg / [n] túi nhựa
<b>Ex:</b> Each group should take five plastic bags.
<b>fill </b> / fɪl / [v] đựng đầy, làm đầy
<b>shore </b> / ʃɔr / [n] bờ biển, bờ hồ, bờ sông
<b>check </b> / tʃek / [v, n] kiểm tra, xem xét ; cuộc kiểm tra
<b>sand </b> / sỉnd / [n] caùt
<b>rock </b> / rɑk / [n] đá, hòn đá, tảng đá
<b>Ex:</b> Group two should check the sand, and group three has to check among the rocks.
<b>kindly </b> / `kɑɪdlɪ / [adv] tốt bụng, tử tế
<b>provide </b> / prə`vɑɪd / [v] cung caáp, lo liệu, phục vụ
<b>Ex:</b> Mrs. Smith has kindly provided a picnic lunch for us, but we won't eat until the whole area is clean.
<b>disappointed </b> / dɪsə`pɑɪntəd / [adj] thất vọng
<b>spoil </b> / spɔɪl / [v] làm hư, làm hỏng
<b>Ex:</b> I’m disappointed that people have spoiled this area.
<b>give out </b> / gɪv ɑʊt / [v] phát, phân phối
<b>achieve </b>--> -ment (n)
/ ə`tʃɪv / [v]
đạt, được -> thành tựu = acquire
/ə`kwɑɪə/
<b>Ex:</b> What will they achieve if they work hard today?
<b>similar </b> / `sɪmɪlə / [adj] tương tự, cũng như thế
<b>II/ Speak – Listen </b>
<b>try </b> / trɑɪ / [v] cố, thử
<b>protect </b>--> -ion (n) / prə`tekt / [v] bảo vệ, che chở
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<b>wrap </b> / rỉp / [v] gói, bọc lại
<b>Ex:</b> I think it would be better if we use banana leaves instead of paper or plastic bags to wrap
food.
<b>dissolve </b> / dɪ`zɔlv / [v] phân hủy, tan biến đi, hòa tan
<b>Ex:</b> Because plastic bags are very hard to dissolve, they will cause pollution.
<b>recycle </b> / rɪ`sɑɪkəl / [v] tái sinh, tái chế
<b>reduce </b> / rɪ`du:s / [v] làm giảm, giảm
<b>Ex: </b>Burning trash will pollute the air. I think the best way to reduce garbage is to reuse and
recycle things.
<b>save </b> / seɪv / [v] dành dụm, tiết kiệm, cứu vản, lưu vào
<b>throw</b>-t<b>hrew</b>-<b>thrown </b> / θroʊ - θru: - θroʊn
/ [v]
ném, liệng, quăng, chọi
<b>trash </b> / trỉʃ / [n] đồ củ bỏ đi, đồ vô dụng
<b>Ex:</b> I think we should never throw trash onto the water.
<b>directly </b> / dɪ`rektlɪ / [adv] trực tiếp, thẳng, ngay lập tức
<b>harm </b> / hɑ:m / [n] sự thiệt hại, hại --> harmful (adj)
<b>Ex:</b> Polluted water can directly do harm to people's health and kill fish.
<b>kill </b> / kɪl / [v] giết, diệt
<b>bin </b>--> garbage ~ / bɪn / [n] thuøng --> thùng rác
<b>Ex:</b> Why don’t we put garbage bins around the school yard?
<b>prevent </b>--> -ion (n) / prɪ`vent / [v] ngăn chặn, phòng chống
<b>Ex:</b> How can we prevent air pollution? – Factories should not discharge poisonous chemicals, gases,
and smoke. We should use more public transport and less private vehicles.
<b>lazy </b> / `leɪzɪ / [adj] lười biếng
<b>instead of </b> / ɪn`sted ɔf / [adv] để thay vào, thay vì, đáng lẽ là
<b>Ex:</b> I think we should use public buses instead of motorbikes.
<b>avoid </b> / ə`vɔɪd / [v] tránh xa, tránh khỏi
<b>traffic jam </b> / `trỉfɪk dʒỉm / [n] nạn kẹt xe
<b>exhaust </b>--> ~ fume / ɪg`zɔ:st / / fju:m / [v] làm kiệt quệ --> khói thải
<b>How come ? </b> / hɑʊ kʌm / [exp] sao phải làm vậy ?
<b>questionnaire </b> / kwestʃən`eər / [n] bảng / tờ câu hỏi, 1 số câu hỏi
<b>litter </b> / `lɪtər / [v, n] vứt/ bày bừa bãi ; sự bừa bộn
<b>discuss </b> / dɪs`kʌs / [v] thảo luận
<b>take turns </b> / teɪk tɜnz / [v] thay phieân nhau
<b>ocean </b> / `oʊʃən / [n] đại dương
<b>extremely </b> / ɪks`tri:mlɪ / [adv] tột bực, cực độ, quá đáng
<b>Ex:</b> Our oceans are becoming extremely polluted.
<b>raw </b> / rɔ: / [adj] thô, chưa tinh chế
<b>sewage </b> / `su:ɪdʒ / [n] nước thải, nước cống
<b>pump </b> / pʌmp / [v, n] bôm, cái bơm, máy bơm
<b>Ex:</b> Raw sewage is pumped directly into the sea.
<b>guilty </b> / `gɪltɪ / [n] tội phạm, sự phạm tội, tội lổi
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<b>vessel </b> / `vesəl / [n] tàu thủy, thuyền
<b>marine </b> / mə`ri:n / [adj] (thuộc về) biển
<b>Ex:</b> A ship has an accident and oil leaks from the vessel. This not only pollutes the water, but it also
kills marine life.
<b>waste material </b> / weɪst mə`tɪərɪəl / [n] chất thải
<b>proper </b> / `prɔpə / [adj] thích hợp, đúng đắn
<b>regulation </b> / regju`leɪʃən / [n] sự điều chỉnh, sự qui định
<b>carelessness </b> / `keəlɪsnəs / [n] sự bất cẩn, sự cẩu thả, không cẩn thận
<b>deliberate </b> / de`lɪbəreɪt / [adj] cố ý, chủ tâm, có tính tốn
<b>Listen and fill in each blank with one word you hear: </b>
Our oceans are becoming (1) polluted. Most of this pollution comes (2)
the land, which means it comes from people. (3) , there is raw sewage, which
is pumped directly (4) the sea. Many countries, both developed and developing,
are guilty of doing this. Secondly, ships drop about six (5) tons of garbage into the sea
each year. Thirdly, there are oil spills from ships. A ship has an accident and oil leaks from the vessel.
This not (6) pollutes the water, but it also kills marine life. (7) ,
there are waste materials from factories. Without proper regulations, (8) owners
let the waste run directly into the rivers, which then leads (9) the sea. And finally,
oil is washed from the land. This can be the (10) of carelessness or a deliberate
dumping of waste.
<b>III/ Read </b>
<b>end up </b>= reach a state of / end ʌp / [v] đạt tới, đi tới tình trạng
<b>junkyard </b> / `dʒʌŋkjɑrd / [n] bãi phế thải, nơi chứa đồ phế thải
<b>second-hand </b> / `sekənd hỉnd / [adj] (đồ vật) củ / dùng rồi
<b>treasure </b> / `treʒər / [n] châu báo, kho báu
<b>Ex:</b> Well the world will end up like a second-hand junkyard,
With all of its treasures quite gone.
<b>tin </b>
/ tɪn / [n, v]
lon, hộp, đóng hộp -> tinned food: đồ
hộp
<b>stream </b> / stri:m / [n] con / dòng suối
<b>cover </b> / `kʌvər / [v] che phủ, che đậy
<b>foam </b> / foʊm / [n] boït
<b>Ex:</b> The streams will be covered with foam.
<b>hedge </b> / hedʒ / [n] haøng rào (hàng cây tiếp nhau)
<b>nonsense </b> / `nɔnsəns / [n] bậy nào, vơ lý, lời nói vơ nghĩa
<b>wood </b>--> woods / wʊd / [n] gỗ --> rừng
<b>folk </b> / foʊk / [n] người (cách nói thơng tục)
<b>Ex:</b> Because pollution is something that other folk do, We're just enjoying our day.
<b>silly </b> / `sɪlɪ / [adj] khờ dại, ngớ ngẩn, ngốc nghếch
<b>right away </b> / rɑɪt əweɪ / [adv] ngay tức thì
<b>row </b> / roʊ / [n] hàng (ngang), hàng lối
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<b>flow </b> / floʊ / [n] doøng
<b>mass </b> / mỉs / [n] khối, đống, vô số
<b>bubble </b> / `bʌbəl / [n] bọt, bong bóng, tăm
<b>valuable </b> / `vỉljuəbəl / [adj] có giá trị
<b>precious </b> / `preʃəs / [adj] quý, quý giá, quý báu
<b>minimize </b> / `mɪnəmɑɪz / [v] làm giảm thiểu ( mức thấp nhất)
<b>Ex:</b> What could you do in your school / house to minimize pollution?
<b>IV/ Write </b>
<b>complaint </b>
/ kəm`pleɪnt / [n] lời phàn nàn, than phiền -> complain (v)
<b>complication </b> / kəmplɪ`keɪʃən / [n] rắc rối, phức tạp
<b>resolution </b> / rezə`lu:ʃən / [n] cách giải quyết, quyết định, nghị quyeát
<b>director </b>-> board of ~ / dɪ`rektə / [n] giám đốc --> ban giám đốc
<b>appropriate </b> / ə`proʊprɪət / [adj] tương ứng, thích hợp
<b>company </b> / `kʌmpənɪ / [n] công ty, bạn bè, khách khứa
<b>clear up </b> / klɪə ʌp / [v] thu dọn, làm sạch
<b>leave </b>-<b> left </b>-<b> left </b> / li:v - left - left / [v] bỏ lại, rời, để quên
<b>Ex:</b> I would suggest that your company should tell your drivers to clear up all the trash on the ground
before leaving.
<b>truck </b> / trʌk / [n] xe tải, xe 3 gác
<b>break</b>-<b>broke</b>-<b>broken </b>
/breɪk-broʊk-broʊkn/ [v, n]
phá, làm bể ; nghó ngơi
<b>refreshment </b> / rɪ`freʃmənt / [n] món ăn nhẹ, đồ ăn thức uống
<b>Ex:</b> The drivers have left lots of garbage on the ground after their refreshment.
<b>smell </b> / smel / [v, n] ngửi ; mùi khó chịu
<b>fly </b>--> flying saucer / flɑɪ / / flɑɪiŋ `sɔsər
/ [n]
con ruoài --> đóa bay
<b>faithfully </b> / `feɪθfəlɪ / [adv] chân thành, trung thực
<b>worry </b> / `wʌrɪ / [v, n] lo lắng, quấy raày
<b>electricity </b> / ɪlek`trɪsɪtɪ / [n] điện, điện tử
<b>electric shock wave </b> / ɪ`lektrɪk ʃɔk weɪv / [n] sóng điện
<b>float </b> / floʊt / [v] nổi, trôi lềnh bềnh
<b>surface </b> / `sɜrfɪs / [n] mặt, bề mặt, bề ngoài
<b>frog </b> / frɔg / [n] con eách
<b>toad </b> / toʊd / [n] con coùc
<b>bird </b> / bɜrd / [n] chim
<b>authority </b> / ɔ:`θɔrɪtɪ / [n] chính quyền, quyền lực, quyền thế
<b>prohibit </b>--> -ion (n) / proʊ`hɪbɪt / [v] cấm, ngăn cấm ; sự cấm đoán
<b>fine </b> / fɑɪn / [v, n] phạt tiền ; tiền phạt
<b>heavily </b> / `hevɪlɪ / [adv] nặng, nặng nề
<b>format </b> / `fɔ:mỉt / [n] cấu trúc, định dạng
<b>problem </b> / `prɔbləm / [n] vấn đề, bài toán
<i><b>Example Writing : </b></i>
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Dear Mr. President,
I’m writing to you about the catching of fish in the lake behind my house.
I’m really worried because people use electricity instead of fishing rod or net to catch fish. After a
short time they left the lake, a lot of small fish died and floated on the water surface. Other animals
such as frogs, toads, and even birds also died from electric shock waves.
I would suggest that the local authorities should prohibit and fine heavily anyone using this way of
catching fish.
I look forward to hearing from you and seeing the protection of environment from the local
authorities.
Sincerely,
<i>Minh</i>
<b>V/ Language Focus </b>
<b>sigh </b> / sɑɪ / [v, n] thở dài, rì rào ; tiếng thở dài / rì rào
<b>sadly </b> / sỉdlɪ / [adv] buồn baû
<b>fail the test </b> / feɪl ðə test / [v] thi rớt (thất bại cuộc thi)
<b>Ex:</b> Tuan sighed sadly when he heard that he failed the test.
<b>laugh </b> / lɑ:f / [v] cười
<b>fall </b>-<b> fell </b>-<b> fallen </b> / fɔ:l - fel - fɔ:lən / [v] rơi, ngã, sụp đổ, lâm vào
<b>amazed </b>= surprised / ə`meɪzd-sɜ`prɑɪzd
/ [adj]
kinh ngạc, sững sốt
<b>win </b>-<b> won </b>-<b> won </b> / wɪn - wʌn / [v] chiếm, đoạt, được, thắng
<b>prize </b> / prɑɪz / [n] giải thưởng
<b>Ex:</b> I’m amazed that he could win the first prize.
<b>flood </b> / flʌd / [n] lũ lụt
<b>cope </b> / koʊp / [v] đối phó, đương đầu, mắc phải
<b>respiratory </b> / respə`reɪtərɪ / [adj] thuộc về hô haáp
<b>Ex:</b> If there is too much exhaust fume in the air, more and more people will cope with respiratory
problems.
<b>clean </b> / kli:n / [adj] sạch sẽ, trong lành
<b>creature </b> / `kri:tʃər / [n] lồi vật, sinh vật
<b>preserve </b> / prɪ`zɜrv / [v] bảo tồn, giữ gìn, duy trì
<b>seriously </b> / `sɪərɪəslɪ / [adv] nghiêm trọng, hệ trọng, đứng đắn
<b>shade </b> / ʃeɪd / [n] bóng râm, bóng mát, chụp đèn
<b>Ex:</b> If we plant more trees along the streets, we will have more shade and fresh air.
<b>poisonous </b> / `pɔɪznəs / [adj] độc, có tính độc
<b>inedible </b> / ɪ`nedɪbəl / [adj] không ăn được
<b>Ex:</b> If we use much pesticide on vegetables, the vegetables will become poisonous and inedible.
<i><b>B/ Word Forms : </b></i>
<b>VERB </b> <b>NOUN </b> <b>ADJECTIVE </b> <b>ADVERB </b>
1. achieve achievement achievable
2. amaze amazement amazed <sub>amazing </sub> amazingly
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carefulness
carelessness
careless carelessly
4. conserve conservation <sub>conservationist </sub> conservative
5. complain complaint complainingly
6. disappoint disappointment disappointed <sub>disappointing </sub> disappointedly <sub>disappointingly </sub>
7. dissolve dissolution
8. deforest deforestation
9. environment <sub>environmentalist </sub> environmental environmentally
10. guilt guilty of
11. harm harm (to) harmful <sub>harmless </sub> harmfully <sub>harmlessly </sub>
12. protect protection protective
13. poison: đầu độc
poison: chất độc
poisoning: sự nhiễm
độc
poisonous
14. preserve preservation
15. prevent prevention preventable <sub>preventative </sub>
16. prohibit prohibition prohibitive prohibitively
17. pollute pollution <sub>pollutant </sub> polluted <sub>unpolluted </sub>
18. reduce reduction reducible
19. respire respiration respiratory
20. suggest suggestion suggestive <sub>suggestible </sub>
21. provide provision
22. sand sandy
23. nature (un)natural (un)naturally
24. health (un)healthy, healthful (un)healthily
25. recycle recycled, recyclable
26. persuade persuasion persuasive
27. volunteer volunteer voluntary voluntarily
28. respond response
29. minimize minimum minimum
30. drip drip dripping
31. refresh refreshment
32. enormous enormously
<i><b>C/ Preposition: </b></i>
1. divide <b>into</b>: chia ra
2. provide sth <b>for</b> sb : cung cấp cái gì cho ai
3. provide sb <b>with</b> sth : cung caáp cho ai cái gì
4. be disappointed <b>with</b> sb / sth : thất vọng
5. give <b>out</b> : phân phát
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7. do harm <b>to</b> people’s health : gây hại cho sức khoẻ con người
8. prevent sb <b>from</b> doing sth : ngăn chặn
9. go <b>on</b> = keep <b>on</b> : tiếp tục
10.end <b>up</b> : đi tới tình trạng
11.be covered <b>with</b> sth : phủ lên, che bọc
12.litter <b>with</b> sth :vứt rác bừa bãi
13.clear <b>up</b> : thu dọn, làm sạch
14.look forward <b>to</b> + Ving
15.prohibit <b>from</b> : ngăn cấm
16.died <b>from</b> electric shock waves
17.be full <b>of</b>
18.complain <b>about</b> sth <b>to</b> sb
19.protect sb <b>from </b>sth
<i><b>D/ Grammar point: </b></i>
<b>I.</b> <b>Adjectives: </b>
1. Adj. can come in two places in a sentence.
Adj. + N: a beautiful girl, careful drivers
V + adj.: be, look, seem, appear, feel, find, taste, sound, smell
E.g.: You seem happy.
2. Adjective clauses:
<b>S + be + Adjective + that – clause (S’ + V) </b>
That clauses come after adjectives that refer to feelings or certainty: <i>afraid, angry, bad, certain, </i>
<i>disappointed, glad, happy, graceful, helpful, important, lucky, pleased, possible, sad, sorry, sure, thankful, </i>
<i>true, wrong … </i>
E.g.: I’m <i>disappointed</i> that people have spoiled this area.
<b>II.</b> <b>Adverbs of manner: </b>Adjective<b> + ly </b>
safe safely careful <b> c</b>arefully
happy happily wide widely
Some adjectives and adverbs are the same: hard, fast, early, late, far
Hardly (hầu như không), lately (recently), mostly (chủ yếu là) are not adverbs of manner.
Adverbs normally go after the direct object.
E.g.:- I read the letter <i>carefully</i>.
- She worked <i>slowly</i>.
<b>III. Adverb clauses of reason: </b><i>Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ lý do</i>
<i><b>A . Because / As / Since + Clause</b> : </i>
<i> We decided to leave early <b>because / as / since</b> the party was boring. </i>
<i><b>B . Because of + noun / noun phrase</b>: </i>
<i> We cancelled our flight <b>because</b> the weather was bad. </i>
<i>-> We cancelled our flight <b>because of</b> the bad weather. </i>
<b>CLAUSE ( S + V … ) </b>
<b>→</b>
<b>←</b>
<b>NOUN PHRASE </b><b>Thường có 4 dạng cơ bản sau: </b>
<i>Daïng 1:</i>
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<i>Ex: </i> - We can't go to school today because the weather is bad.
We can't go to the school today because of the bad weather.
<i>Daïng 2: </i>
<b>Because + Tính từ sở hữu + noun + be + adj </b>
<b>Because of + Tính từ sở hữu + adj + noun </b>
<i>Ex: </i> - He couldn't run very fast because his leg was bad.
He couldn't run very fast because of his bad leg.
<i>Ghi chuÙ</i>: <b>Tính từ sở hữu:</b> my, your, her, his, its, our, their
<i>Dạng 3: </i>
<b>Because + Đại từ nhân xưng + be + adj </b>
<b>Because of + Tính từ sở hữu + noun </b>
<i>Ghi chu</i>ù: <b>Đại từ nhân xưng: I, you, he, she, it, we, they </b>
<b> Tính từ sở hữu: my, your, his, her, its, our, their </b>
<i>Ex:</i> - Mary doesn't go to school because she is ill.
Mary doesn't go to school because of her illness.
<i>Daïng 4: </i>
<b>S1 + V … Because + S2 + V … </b>
<b>S1 + V … Because of + V-ING ... </b>
<i>Chuù yù: </i>
<i>Nếu chủ ngữ vế đầu giống chủ ngữ vế sau ta có thể làm như sau: </i>
- Bỏ chủ ngữ vế sau
- Lấy động từ về dạng V-ing
<i>Ex:</i> - Mary doesn't go to school because she is ill.
Mary doesn't go to school because of being ill.
<b>IV. Conditional Sentences (If Sentences): Type 1 </b><i>Câu điều kiện loại 1</i>
Ex: <b>If</b> I <i>finish</i> my homework, I <i>will go</i> to the concert
= I <i>will go</i> to the concert <b>if</b> I <i>finish</i> my homework.
* If clause: If I finish my homework,
* Main clause: I will go to the concert
<b>1. Form: </b><i>Công thức</i>
<i><b>If clause: Mệnh đề đk </b></i> <i><b>Main clause: Mệnh đề chính </b></i>
If + S + <b>V(+s /es) + . . .</b> S + <b>will + V + . . . </b>
c<b>an </b>
<b> must </b>
<b> </b>
<b>2. Use: </b><i>Cách dùng</i><b> </b>
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<b>PRACTICE </b>
<b>I. Put in the adverbs: </b>
1. Emma’s toothache was terrible. Emma’s tooth ached ________________.
2. Henry was angry. Henry shouted ________________.
3. I’m happy sitting here. I can sit here ________________.
4. He was very thoughtful standing there. He stood there ________________.
5. The children seemed cheerful. The children played ________________.
6. The switch is automatic. The machine switches itself off ________________.
7. James is very good at speaking English. James speaks English ________________.
8. The debate should be public. We need to debate the matter ________________.
9. She was charming. She walked ________________ in front of the audience.
10.Everyone was enthusiastic. Everyone discusses the idea ________________.
11.The man had a soft voice. The man spoke ________________.
12.Claire wears expensive clothes. Claire dresses ________________.
13.The runners made a low start. They started the race ________________.
14.The building has to be secure. Did you lock all the doors ________________?
15.I had a strange dream last night. I dreamed ________________.
<b>II. Supply either BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF: </b>
1. It was difficult to deliver the letter ____________________ the wrong address.
2. We have to cut down on our driving ____________________ there is an oil shortage.
3. Rescue attempts were temporarily stopped ____________________ the bad weather.
4. They visited their friends often ____________________ they enjoyed their company.
5. Paul could not go to the football game ____________________ his illness.
6. Marcella was awarded a scholarship ____________________ her superior ability.
7. Nobody ventured outdoors ____________________ the hurricane warnings.
8. We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains ____________________ the air is purer there.
9. We have to drive around the bay ____________________ the bridge was destroyed in the storm.
10. The chickens have died ____________________ the intense heat.
<b>III. Supply the correct tenses or verb forms: </b>
1. If you (be) ______________ a student, you will get a discount on textbooks
2. Unless you understand the lesson, I (explain) ________________ it again to you.
3. She suggests (eat) _______________ in that restaurant.
4. Please let me (know) _______________ if you know where she lives.
5. They make their living by (catch) ________________ fish in the river.
6. What can you do in your school (minimize) __________________ pollution?
7. It is difficult (study) _________________ Math.
8. Mary has some difficulty (get) ____________________ up early in the morning.
9. We (have) ____________ lunch when he came here.
10. He (not write) ______________ to his grandma recently.
11. Mai (make) _____________ a new dress at six o’clock last night.
12. Maryam and Lan (be) ________________ pen pals since last year.
13. Tim (travel) _______________ around Vietnam last year.
14. Let me (help) ______________ with the housework.
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20. Lan is learning how (drive) ______________ a car.
21. When _________ you (buy) _________ this book? – Two days ago.
22. I suggest (take) ______________ a taxi to work.
23. If you have a problem, I (share) _____________ it with you.
24. He (get) _____________ up early this morning.
25. How long ____________ you (know) _____________ him?
26. We (not buy) _____________ this car if it is expensive.
27. If the pollution (continue) _______________, what will happen?
28. They made their living by (catch) _______________ fish in the ocean everyday.
29. What about (go) ______________ to school or to work by bike?
30. If we go on littering, the environment (be) _____________ seriously polluted.
31. When I came, my son (do) _______________ his homework.
32. For a long time, my father (work) ______________ for Sai Gon commercial bank.
33. The teacher asked me where I (come) ______________ from.
34. We wish we (have) ______________ a good time tonight.
35. It’s time we (stop) _____________ here.
36. I always look forward to (respond) _______________ from you.
37. We (go out) _______________ later if it stops raining.
38. Do you want to watch TV? I (switch) ______________ it on if you want.
39. If we (not leave) ______________ now, we won’t be late.
40. If Tam does not apologize to me, I (not speak) _______________ to him anymore.
41. Will you phone me tomorrow, if you (have) ______________ time?
42. If I am not too busy tomorrow, I (visit) _______________ you.
43. He is tired because he stayed up late (watch) _______________TV.
44. This newspaper is (publish) ________________ everyday. It’s a daily newspaper.
45. He shouted and looked angrily at me when I (break) ______________ the vase.
<b>IV. </b><i><b>Rewrite each sentence so that it means almost the same as the one printed before it</b></i>:
1. You’ll drink coffee late at night and you can’t sleep.
If you ...
2. Study hard and your parents are pleased.
If ...
3. He drives carelessly.
He is ...
4. Let’s go on a camping holiday in May.
We suggested ...
5. You burn the garbage and the air will be polluted.
If you ...
6. Because of the polluted water, we can’t swim in this river.
Since ...
7. Mr. Jones rarely turns off the fan before leaving.
Mrs. Jones suggests ...
8. Remember to take care of this tree or it will die.
If ...
9. Because of being a good English speaker, he can easily find a job.
Because he ...
10.He broke the vase because he was careless.
Because of ...
11.We can’t go for a walk because it rains heavily.
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12.She won the first prize because she performed well.
Because of ...
13.He got high marks on his tests because he learned hard.
Because of ...
14.Tom failed the exam because of his laziness.
Because Tom ...
15.She couldn’t come to class because of her illness.
As ...
16.Two cars can’t pass each other because of the narrow road.
Because ...
17.He couldn’t meet you because of being busy.
Since ...
18.Because of your hard working, you passed your final examination.
Because ...
<b>V. </b><i><b>Rewrite each sentence so that it means almost the same as the one printed before it</b></i>:
1. She sings beautifully.
She is ...
2. We run fast.
We are ...
3. It is raining heavily, so I can’t go out.
Because ...
4. I worked hard, so I was tired.
Since ...
5. They are too lazy to pass the test.
As ...
6. The river is too dirty for us to swim in.
Because ...
7. Run fast. You will win the race.
If you ...
8. He is lazy, so he fails the test.
If he ...
9. Hurry up, or we will miss the bus.
If ...
10. Lan is a fast runner.
Lan ...
11. Hoa is a slow swimmer.
Hoa ...
12. My mom is a wonderful cook.
My mom ...
13. He plays football well.
He is ...
14. She speaks very well.
She is ...
15. She is an excellent ballet dancer.
She ...
16. That boy plays soccer very well.
That boy is ...
17. Listening to some music will make you feel better.
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18. Study hard or you will fail the exam.
If ...
19. Work hard and you will get good result.
If ...
20. “Let’s go to the canteen” said she.
She suggested ...
21. I think we shouldn’t buy that car.
Let’s ...
22. Let’s not use electricity for catching fish.
I suggest ...
23. I think you shouldn’t use plastic bags.
How about ...
24. I suggest those products shouldn’t be bought.
I suggest ...
25. Let’s take these bottles to a recycling center.
I suggest that ...
26. How about replacing the broken window?
I suggest the ...
27. Please don’t leave the light on during the night.
I suggest that ...
28. Why don’t you go to see a psychologist?
I think ...
29. Let’s take showers instead of baths.
Why ...
30. Why don’t we send these things for recycling?
How about ...
31. I think we shouldn’t go out during rush hours.
What about ...
32. How about tying the roof to the ground with ropes?
Shall...
33. “Let’s make some posters on energy saving.”
He suggested some ...
34. I suggest using public buses for traveling.
Why not ...
35. Do the test carefully or you may get bad mark.
If ...
36. Peter is a very good football player.
Peter plays ...
37. Nancy will stop studying. She will find a full – time job.
If ...
38. She doesn’t have enough time, so she can’t finish the exercises.
If ...
39. He doesn’t have a lot of money, so he will not buy a new house.
If ...
40. Flowers won’t bloom if there isn’t enough water.
Unless flowers ...
41. If you don’t succeed, you will have to try it again.
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Because of ...
43. We can’t go for a walk because it rains heavily.
Because of ...
44. He couldn’t meet you because of being busy.
He couldn’t meet you because ...
45. Lan couldn’t come to class because of her sickness.
Lan couldn’t come to class ...
46. She couldn’t go to school because of her illness.
She couldn’t ...
47. Nobody can do this test because of its difficulty.
Nobody can ...
48. Our environment is becoming polluted now, so we have to do something to protect it.
Because ...
49. She speaks English very well.
She is ...
50. Mrs Nga teaches Geography very well.
Mrs Nga is ...
51. They actively participate in the charity program.
They are ...
52. He plays the guitar excellently.
He is ...
53. Go to the airport now or you’ll miss the plane.
If ...
54. Be careful or we might fail in the final test.
If ...
55. Don’t drink coffee or you won’t be able to sleep.
If ...
56. Without working harder, we will surely fail in the exam.
If ...
57. Study harder and you will get good results.
If ...
58. Without a large sum of money, you can’t buy this car.
If ...
59. Unless it rains tomorrow, we’ll go fishing.
If ...
60. Unless you stop smoking, you will die soon.
If ...
61. Unless it is rainy, we will have lunch in the garden.
If ...
62. If it doesn’t rain, we’ll have lunch in the garden.
Unless ...
63. If they are not careful, they’ll lose all the money.
Unless ...
64. Water these plants every day or they will die.
Unless ...
65. You must go now or you’ll be late for school.
If ...
66. Working too much will make you tired.
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67. Regular exercise will make you to be healthy.
If ...
68. Go to the seaside with me, and you have a lot of fun.
If ...
69. Work hard and you will pass the exam.
If ...
70. We will eat outdoor unless it rains this evening.
If ...
71. Please don’t go on using electricity to catch fish.
Why ...
72. It snowed hard, so the match was postponed.
Since ...
73. He went home early because of his tiredness.
As he ...
74. Listening to some music will make you feel better.
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