Fill in the gaps 6

From the following list, use each word only once to complete the sentences below. Remember
that in the case of nouns and verbs you may need to change the form of the word:
Unit Eleven
66
11a – Fill in the gaps
© A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007. For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
challenge (n)
ț
diameter (n)
ț
enable (v)
ț
expert (n)
export (n)
ț
fundamental (adj)
ț
import (n)
ț
luxury (n)
pest (n)
ț
pollution (n)
ț
starve (v)
ț
temporary (adj)
ț
tractor (n)
1. The ________________ of live animals is strictly controlled so as to prevent diseases from being
brought into the country.

2. We recommend that you take a pre-sessional study skills course, which will ________________ you
to practise the language skills you will need later.
3. Supplying ________________ to Third World farmers may seem an excellent idea, but in practice
these machines are often not suited to local conditions and so tend to break down.
4. Some business leaders become bored with well-established organisations and prefer instead the
________________ of setting up a new company.
5. During the 1980's, thousands of people ________________ in Sudan and Ethiopia because there
was no food.
6. The USA has a huge domestic market and so is less reliant on ___________________ for the success
of its economy.
7. One major problem with some early insecticides was that they tended to kill not only harmful
___________________ but also those insects which actually helped the farmer.
8. Most international students choose to live in university accommodation, while others may stay with
a host family as a ___________________ measure before renting their own houses.
9. In many developed countries, what used to be considered as ___________________ goods are now
regarded as necessities.
10. Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, with a ___________________ of about 570,000
kilometres.
11. With any quotation you wish to use, make sure that the author you are quoting is an
________________ or academic authority.
12. Increasingly, major industrial companies are finding that consumers are concerned about any
________________ created by the manufacture of their products.
13. The Director reminded the middle managers that full cooperation from all workers was
_________________ to the success of the company.
In each of the sentences below, decide which word in bold is more suitable:
11b – Choose the right word
Unit Eleven
67
© A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007. For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review

your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
1. Two of the missing children have been rescued but the fate / destiny of the other six is still
unknown.
2. The process / action by which plants use sunlight to produce food is known as photosynthesis.
3. Very small bubbles / blobs of air can become trapped in liquid metal, causing it to become weak.
4. At first, students were hostile / unfriendly to the idea of being videoed during their presentations,
but they soon realised that this would help them to improve their technique.
5. The government lost the election because of a whole brochure / catalogue of scandals and
political errors.
6. Following the decision to pass legislation to compel / urge employers to improve safety standards at
work, the number of deaths from accidents has fallen sharply.
7. Car theft / burglary remains higher in Britain than in any other European country.
8. In the past, large parts of Holland were drained / emptied of water to produce new farmland.
9. The area around the Great Pyramids is one of the most important archaeological sites / spots for
the study of ancient Egypt.
10. Until recently, goods from countries such as Taiwan and Korea were often thought to be
worse / inferior, and yet today these countries make many high-quality products.
11. The introduction of the fax and more recently e-mail has made it much easier to
communicate / contact with other people all around the world.
Choose the best ending for each of the sentence extracts below from the list underneath:
Unit Eleven
68
11c – Finish the sentence
© A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007. For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
1. According to a recent large-scale government survey…
2. Car manufacturers are keen to develop other sources of fuel…
3. An increase in the number of accidents led to a public debate…
4. Although it means that people live longer, the equipment…

5. Japan's greatest resource…
6. A group of students decided to complain because one tutor cancelled…
7. Some countries use a thirteen-month calendar…
8. Young plants will grow quickly if the soil is moist…
9. Increasingly, universities are being asked to undertake…
10. As people can now make purchases on impulse…
11. Computers make use of the binary system (0,1), unlike the decimal…
12. Although the new equipment performed well under laboratory…
a. …based on the lunar cycle, rather than the more normal twelve-month system.
b. …about the safety of the national railway system.
c. …system (0-9) which we use in everyday life.
d. …used in modern hospitals has increased the cost of health care.
e. …– such as solar power – since oil will not last for ever.
f. …with credit cards, buying habits have changed.
g. …all tutorials for a week.
h. …conditions, it was simply not robust enough for everyday use.
i. …and warm, but not if it is too damp or cold.
j. …is its people, since it has very few sources of raw materials or energy.
k. …conducted in the UK, levels of reading and writing skills are still low.
l. …research in order to develop new products on behalf of large companies.
From the list below, choose one word which could be used in place of the language shown in bold
without changing the meaning of the sentence. Remember that you may need to change the
form or in some cases the grammatical class of the word:
11d – Word substitution
Unit Eleven
69
© A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007. For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
bulk (n)
ț
fluid (n)

ț
fulfil (v)
ț
huge (adj)
inspect (v)
ț
instance (n)
ț
novel (n)
ț
revolve (v)
shrink (v)
ț
switch (v)
ț
topic (n)
ț
vital (adj)
1. In some cases, the patients did not make any improvement, but generally
the treatment was a huge success.
2. While a few students stay in university halls of residence, the majority of
students choose to rent their own accommodation at some point in their
studies.
3. In the course of a marathon, a runner needs to drink water periodically in
order to make up for the liquid lost through sweating.
4. Before starting work on your dissertation, make sure that you have
discussed the subject with your supervisor.
5. Staff responsible for examining aircraft checked the plane and declared it
unsafe.
6. Some students find it very confusing when a lecturer changes from the

topic under discussion to share a joke with his audience.
7. The stories of Charles Dickens give us a very clear picture of life in Britain
in the nineteenth century.
8. Many students complained when the university failed to keep its promise
to allow students 24 hour access to the computer centre.
9. Each time the star rotates, it sends out a radio signal which we can detect
on Earth, allowing us to calculate the speed of rotation.
10. It is absolutely essential that you check your examination entries to make
sure they are correct; if they are not you may not be allowed to sit your
examination.
11. Most universities have found that demand for engineering courses has
decreased, while new subjects such as media studies have become very
popular.
12. The amounts of money owed by some Third World countries were so
enormous that in many cases it was decided to cancel the debts since they
would probably never have been repaid.
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
For each of the sentences here, choose the best word from a,b or c:
Unit Eleven

70
11e – Choose the best word
© A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007. For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
1. In addition to reading books and journals, the other main source of information available to
university students is the ________________ given by the academic staff.
a. lectures b. lessons c. classes
2. The atmospheres of most planets are not ________________, making it difficult for us to see the
surface.
a. transparent b. lucid c. clear
3. Three terrorists managed to escape but all of them were ________________ within 24 hours and
returned to prison.
a. trapped b. snared c. captured
4. Anybody who joins the army as a soldier has to accept that danger is an ________________ part of
the job.
a. inside b. internal c. inherent
5. Students without the normal academic qualifications but who have relevant work experience may be
offered a place on an easier diploma course on the ________________ towards an MBA.
a. journey b. direction c. route
6. In Egypt, water from the River Nile has been used for thousands of years to ________________ the
dry desert land so that crops may be grown.
a. irrigate b. moisten c. fundamental
7. Improvements in quality control techniques have resulted in more high-quality products with very
few ________________.
a. mistakes b. failures c. defects
8. As you can see from your handout, the first ________________ of figures down the left-hand side
shows the growth in population.
a. line b. column c. string
9. The ________________ of men to women in China is unusual, in that there are more men than
women.
a. ratio b. number c. quantity

10. According to a recent survey in Europe, most workers expressed a preference for increased
________________ time rather than the chance to do more overtime and earn extra money.
a. leisure b. hobby c. relaxation
Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.