Tính toán và thiết kế hệ thống xử lý nước thải bệnh viện đa khoa trung tâm an giang

..

TRl/dNG DAI HOC AN GIANG
KHOA KY THUAT - CONG NGHE - MOI TRUOfNG

PHAM HONG NHUNG

TINH TO AN VA THIET KE HE THONG Xff LY
NlTOfC THAI BENH VIEN DA KHOA
TRUNG TAM AN GIANG
TRlfCJNG DAI HQC
AN GIANG

THHVIEN
LUAN VAN TOT NGHIEP

GVHD 1: Ths. KIEU DO MINH LUAN
GVHD 2: Ths. LE QUANG HOAN

An Giang, 5/2013


Tilth toan va thiet ke he thong xti ly nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tam An Giang

MUC LUC
Danh sachbangi
Danh sach hinhiii

CHLTONG 1: M6 DAU1
CHLTONG 2: LUQC KHAO TAI LIEU2
2.1.Vi tri dia ly2

2.2.Didu kien ttr nhien va moi trudng2
2.2.1.Dieu kien ve dia ly dia chat2
2.2.2.DiSu kien kht ttrang - thuy van2

2.3.Quy mo kham chua benh cua benh vien9
2.3.1.Quy mo9
2.3.2.To chtic nhan sir11

2.4.Phan loai nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tam An Giang11
2.5.Cac thong s6 co ban cua nude thai11
•2.5.1. Cacchitieuly hoc11

2.5.2. Cac chi tieu hda hoc va sinh hda14
2.6.Tdng quan nude thai benh vien17
2.6.1.Nguon goc va thanh phan nude thai benh vien17
2.6.2.Nhung dac diem ly hoa cua nude thai benh vien18
2.6.3.Dac trung ve vi trung, virut va giun san cua nude thai berth vien19

2.7.Tac dqng cua nude thai benh vien doi vdi moi trudng sinh thai19
2.7.1.Tac dong doi vdi moi trudng khong khi19
2.7.2.Tac dong den moi trudng nude19

2.8.Cac phuong phap xti ly nude thai20
2.8.1.Xu ly nude thai bang phuong phap ca hoc20
2.8.2.Xu ly nude thai bang phucrng phap hoa hoc va hoa- ly25
2.8.3.Xu ly nude thai bang phuang phap sinh hoc27
2.9.Cac phuang phap xu ly nude thai benh vien37
2.9.1. Cac phuang phap cua ban chi dao quoc gia38
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TJnh toan va thiet ke he thong xu ly nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tam An Giang

2.9.2. Cong nghe xu ly nude thai tai phong kham da khoa (Trudng Dai Hoc Y

Dupe)41
CHU'ONG 3: PHU'ONG TIEN VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CU'U43
3.1.Dia diem nghiSn cuu43
3.2.Boi tuang nghien cuu43

3.3.Thai gian nghien ciiu43
3.4.Muc tieu nghien ciiu43

3.5.Npi dung nghien cuu43
3.6.Phuang tien va vat lieu nghien ciiu44
3.7.Phuang phap nghien cuu44

CHU'ONG 4: TINH TOAN CAC CHI TIEU NU'OC THAI VA THIET KE HE
THONG XU'LYNU'OC THAI45
4.1.Xac dinh luu lugng tinh toan45
4.2.Be xuat cong nghe xu ly47
4.2.1.Ca sd lira chpn cong nghe47
4.2.2.Phuang an 148
4.2.3.Phuang an 250

4.3.Tinh toan cac cong trinh chinh51
4.3.1.Song chin rac51

4.3.2.Him bam tigp nhan55
4.3.3.BS dilu hoa57

4.3.4.B8 Aerotank (Phuang an 1)61
4.3.5.BS ling72
4.3.6.BS ling khii triing (bS tiSp xiic)78
4.3.7.Thap hap phu81
4.3.8.BS nen bun83

4.3.9.BS Ipc sinh hoc (phuang an 2)86

CHU'ONG 5: DlT TOAN CHI PHI VA Ll/A CHON CONG NGHE90
5.1. Tinh toangiathanh90
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Ti'nh toan va thiet ke he thong xir ly nuoc thai benh vien da khoa trung tarn An Giang

5.1.1Phuang an 190
5.1.2Phuang an 293
5.2.Ti'nh kinh tS96
5.2.1Phurong an 196
5.2.2Phiromg an 296
5.2.3Nhan xet96
5.3.Ti'nh ky thuat97
5.3.1.Phucmg an 197
5.3.2.Phuomg an 297
5.3.3.Nhanxet97

5.4.Tinh moi truang97
5.4.1.Phuang an 197
5.4.2.Phuang an 297
5.4.3.Nhan xet97

5.5.Nhan xet chung98

CHLTONG 6: QUAN LY VA VAN HANH'.99
6.1.Nguyen tac chung cua he thong99

6.2.Khai dong he th6ng99
6.2.1.Khaidongky thuat.'99

6.2.2.Khai dong smh hoc100
6.2.3.Quy trinh nuoi cay vi sinh100
6.3.Van hanh he th6ng102
6.3.1.Tu di6u khi^n

102

6.3.2.Nguyen the hoat dong103
6.3.3.Quy trinh van hanh104
6.4.Giai quyet sir co106
6.4.1.Phathien sir c6106
6.4.2.Giai quylt sir c6106
6.5.Bao dudng thi6t bi va he th6ng110
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Tinh toan va thiet ke he thong xft ly midc thai benh vien da khoa tiring tarn An Giang

6.5.1.Baodirongthietbi110
6.5.2.Bao duong he thdng116
6.5.3 Ve sinh he th6ng

119

6.6. Mot so v^n dk vh an toan lao dong120
6.6.1.Cac quy ctinh chung120

6.6.2.Cac trang thiStbibao ho cin thiSt121

CHLTONG 7: KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI122
7.1.K8tluan122
7.2.Ki8nnghi122

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i


Tinh toan va thiet ke he thong xti ly nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tarn An Giang

DANH SACH BANG
Bang 2.1. Su thay dii nhiet dp khong khi trang binh qua cic nam (C)3
Bang 2.2. Dp am trung binh cac thing trong nam (%)4
Bang 2.3. So gib nang cac thing trong nam (gib)5
Bang 2.4. Luang mua cac thing trong nam (mm)6

Bang 2.5. Muc nude thip nhit va cao nhit tren song Hiu tai Long Xuyen8
Bang 2.6. Phin b6 cac khoa phong, giudng benh toa nha chinh9
Bang 2.7. Phan bo cic khoa phong, giudng benh khu nha phu10
Bang 2.8. Lupng ric giu lai tren thiet bi chan ric, 1/ngubi.nam21
Bing 2.9. So sinh hieu suit ciia cic loai be Aerotank36
Bing 2.10. Gia tri cac chi tieu nude thai benh vien37

Bang 4.1. Nhu cau tieu thu nude tai benh vien va trung tam y te45
Bang 4.2. Thanh phan va tinh chat nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tam An

Giang46
Bang 4.3. He s6 diiu hoa chung47
Bang 4.4. Hoc tinh hieu suit xu ly ciia cic be ciia phucrng in 149
Bang 4.5. Tom tit s6 lieu thiSt ki muang din52
Bing 4.6. Tom tit sd lieu thiit ke song chin ric55
Bing 4.7. Tom tat thong so cua be thu gom57
Bang 4.8. Tom tit thong so cua bi diiu hoa61
Bing 4.9. Cong suit hoa tan oxy vao nude ciia thiet bi bpt khi min68
Bang 4.10. Tom tic thong so ciia be Aerotank72
Bang 4.11. Cic thong ca bin thiet ke be ling78
Bang 4.12. Cic thong ca bin thiSt kg bi khii trimg81
Bang 4.13. Cic thong ca bin thiet ke thip hip phu83
Bang 4.14. Cic thong ca bin thiet be nen bun86

Bang 4.15. Cic thong si thiit ki bi lpc sinh hoc89
Bang 5.1. Tinh toin chi phi cic cong trinh dan vi90
Bang 5.2. Tinh toin chi phi cic thiit bi91
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Tinh toan va thilt ke h^ thong xu ly mrdc thai benh vien da khoa trung tam An Oiang

Bang 5.3. Tinh toan cac chi phi khac91
Bang 5.4. Tinh toan chi phi cac cong truth don vi93
Bang 5.5. Tinh toan chi phi cac thiSt bi94
Bang 5.6. Tinh toan chi phi cac thiSt bi95
Bang 6.1. Nguyen t5c hoat dpng he th6ng103

Bang 6.2. Mot so sir co thubng gap va bien phap khac phuc106
Bang 6.3. Cac loai nhot duoc nha san xuat khuyen khich sir dungIll
Bang 6.4. Y6u t6 kilm tra bao duong may th6i khi112
Bang 6.5. Mot so sir co va each khac phuc bom113
Bang 6.6. Lich ve sinh he thong dinh ky119

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Tinh toan va thiet ke he thong xu ly nuoc thai benh vien da khoa trung tam An Giang

DANH SACH HINH
Hinh 2.1. Thanh phan chat ran trong nude thai sinh hoat chua duoc xu ly.. 12
Hinh 2.2. Mo ta v8n dS moi truong cua nude thai benh vien
Hinh 2.3. Bg dilu hoa ltru luomg va chat luong

20
22

Hinh 2.4. BS dieu hoa lira lirong23
Hinh 2.5. So d6 mat dung the hien 4 vimg trong bl lSng24
Hinh 2.6. Hoat dong be Aerotank thong thuong

35

Hinh 2.7. Hoat dong bl Aerotank thong thuong

35

Hinh 2.8. Hoat dong be Aerotank thong thuong

36

Hinh 2.9. So d6 phuong phap 1

38

Hinh 2.10. So d6 phumtg phap 2

39

Hinh 2.11. So d6 phuong phap 3".

39

Hinh 2.12. So 36 phuang phap 4 ....'39

Hinh 4.1. So d6 day chuygn cong nghe phuong an 1

48

Hinh 4.2. So do day chuyen cong nghe phuong an 2

50

Hinh 6.1. Quy trihhnuoi cay vi sinh
Hinh 6.2. Tu dien dieu khiln

101
102

Hinh 6.3. So d6 cac phuong an xii ly bitn117
Hinh 6.4. So do xu ly bun day be lang
Hinh 6.5. So d6 xu ly bun day bg (can ba)

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118
119


Ti'nh toan va thiet ke he thong xj ly nuac thai benh vien da khoa trung tarn An Giang

DANH SACH TlT VIET TAT
COD [Chemical Oxygen Demand]Nhu cduoxi hoa hoc
BOD [Biochemical Oxygen Demand]Nhu cdu oxy sinh hoc
SS [suspended solids]Chat ran la lung
N2Nita
Ccarbon

ffg

.Thuy ngdn

QCVNQuy chudn Viet Nam
TSTong sd chdt rdn

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Ti'nh toan va thiet ke he thong xu ly nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tam An Giang

NHAN XET CCfA GIAO VIEN HI/ONG DAN

l^^....

t^

An Giang, ngay ./f^.-thang .<5.^7. nam 2013

Giao vien htrong din 1

Kieu Do Minh Luan
Giao vien humig daj

Le Quang Hoan

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Tinh toan va thiet ke he thong xti ly mioc thai benh vien da khoa trung tam An Giang

NBL^N XET CUA GIAO VIEN PHAN BIEN

An Giang, ngaythangnam 2013
Giao vien phan bien 1

Giao vien phan bien 2

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Ti'nh toan va thiet ke he th6ng xu ly nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tarn An Giang

LOT CAM ON
Luan van tot nghiep nay la thanh qua trong nhung nam hoc tap, trau doi
kien thuc tai trudng Dai hoc An Giang va la dau an quan trong danh dau budc
chuyen tiep tir mot sinh vien trd thanh mot tan ky su cua em.
De hoan thanh tdt Luan van nay, em da nhan dupe rat nhieu sir hd tea,

giiip da va chi bao tan tinh tir gia dinh, thay co, ban be va nhung ngudi xung
quanh.

Ldi dau tien, em xin gdi ldi cam cm chan thanh den Th.s Kieu Do Minh
luan va Th.s Le Quang Hoan, ngudi thay da tan tinh chi bao em teong sudt thai
gian lam Luan van tot nghiep. Thay da chi bao em rat nhieu ve kien thuc
chuyen nganh, cung nhu da truyen dat rat nhieu kien thuc bo ich ve kinh
nghiem thuc te cho em de hoan thanh luan van nay tot nhat teong kha nang cua
em.

Em cung xin gdi ldi c^m an den cac thay co da giang day va trang bi cho
em nhung kien thuc ca sd va chuyen mon trong nhung nam hoc qua. Nhung

kien thuc duac hoc da giiip em rat nhieu trong viec hoan thanh tot luan van
nay va se la tai san vo gia giiip em vung budc teen con dudng tuong lai.
Mot ldi cam an chan thanh xin danh Sd Tai Nguyen va Moi Trudng luon
nhiet tinh cung cap thong tin cln thiSt v6 Benh vien Da khoa Trung Tam An
Giang phuc vu cho luan van tot nghiep.
Minh gdi ldi cam an tai nhung ngudi ban tot da hd tea minh trong viec
tim ki&n tai lieu, thong tin va trao doi kien thuc.

Mac du co g^ng hoan thanh luan van tdt nghiep vdi tat ca no luc nhung
chac chan se khong teach khdi nhung sai sot trong qua teinh thuc hien. Kinh
mong su thong cam va tan tinh chi bao ciia quy Thay Co giiip em hoan thien
hern.

Cuoi cung, xin kinh chiic moi ngudi sue khoe va cong viec tot.
Tran trong cam on !

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Tinh toan va thiet ke he thong xu ly nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tam An Giang

TOM TAT
Nude thai tir cac ca sa y tl bao gdm nude thai phat sinh tir cac hoat dpng
cham sdc va sinh hoat trong benh vien. Nuac thai nay co thl chtia vi sinh vat,
kim Ioai nang, hda chat doc, dong vi phdng xa, ben canh do con co nude mua
khong chua chit gay 6 nhilm...
Nong do chat thai ran la lung (SS), chat htru ca (BOD5), va cac chat dinh
duang (Nita, phot pho) trong nude thai berth vien khong cao nhu nude thai do
thi. Nong dp BOD5 thay doi tir 80-180 mg/1. Lo ngai chu yeu tap trung vao vi
sinh vat gay benh dudng rupt dl dang lay truyen qua nude. Neu nude thai
benh vien khong dupe quan ly tot, nude thai benh vien con chua nhieu dupe
pham, hda chat cd the anh hudng xau den hieu suat cua cong trinh xur ly sinh
hoc.

Mot so chat doc te bao hay du lupng thuoc khang sinh cung cd kha nang
cd trong nude thai benh vien. Tuy nhien, den nay van chua xac dinh dupe hai
thanh phan doc hai ndi tren.
Tir nhung dac tinh nguy hai tren, toi da dua ra hai phuang an xu ly nude

thai benh vien da khoa trung tam An Giang. Phuang an 1 su dung be
Aerotank. Phuang an 2 su dung be lpc sinh hoc nhd gipt. Ca hai phuang an
deu ap dung phuang phap sinh hoc dl xu ly. Sau khi so sach tinh kinh tS, kt
thuat va moi trudng cua hai phuang an.

Toi de nghi ap dung phuang an 1 vi bS Aerotank dl van hanh vao bao
duang han be lpc sinh hoc nhd gipt. Bitn thai dupe xem la chat thai nguy hai
can dupe nao vet va tieu huy bdi cong ty quan ly chat thai hoac chon lap
Qua npi dung cua luan van, phuang an he thong xti ly nude thai tren
hoan toan dap ling dupe nhung yeu cau de ra. Vi vay, he thong xii ly nude thai
tren hoan toan cd the ap dung vao thuc te va can ap dung cang sdm cang tot de
khong anh hudng din moi hudng xung quanh.

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Tinh toan va thiet ke he thong xu ly nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tarn An Giang

ABSTRACT
Sewage from medical facilities includes domestic in the and caring
activities. If may contain microorganisms, heavy metals, toxic chemicals,
radioactive isotopes, besides rain water does not contain contaminants ..

The concentration of suspended solids (SS), organic matter (B0D5), and
nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) in hospital sewage may not be as high as
urban sewage. BOD5 concentrations ranged from 80-180 mg/1. The primary

concern focused on intestinal pathgenic microbe easily transmitting through
water. If medical waste is not managed well, hospital waste water contains
much pharmaceuticals or chemicals can adversely affect to the performance

ofthe biological treatment process.
Some cytotoxic substances or residues of antibiotics are potentially
hospital contained in cess - waker. However, researchers haven't identified
two toxic ingredients above so far.
Because ofthe hazardous properties above, I give two sewage treatment

plans at An Giang generl hospital. The first altermake uses an Aerotank and
the second refers to trickling filter. Both schemes are applied biological
methods to freat. After comparing the economics, engineering and the
environment al ofthe two attermases.

I suggest applying for an the first one, because the Aerotank is easy to
operate on maintenance than biological trickling filter. Mud is considered as
hazardous waste that should be destroyed and dredged by waste management
or dipsposing companies.
Through the content of the thesis, the' project sewage treatment system
fully meets the requirements set. Therefore, sewage treatment systems above

can be completely applied in practice as soon as possible so that if doesn't
affect to the environment.

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Tinh toan va thiet ke hS thong xu ly nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tam An Giang

GHlTONG 1
MOfBAU
Hoat dpng cua cac benh vien cua nuac ta hien nay dang dupe cai thien

hang ngay ca ve chat Ian ve lupng. Nhung nam gan day nhu cau kham chua
benh cua ngudi dan rat ldn. Han nua, vdi chu truang dua thay thuoc den vdi
tat ca cac benh nhan tren toan quoc ke ca vung sau va vitng xa. Do do, hien
nay nha nuac da dau tu xay dung, cai tao nang cap nhieu benh vien, tram y te
khap ca nude nham phuc vu ngudi dan duac dan tot han. Ben canh do, ngay
nay cd rit nhieu benh vien ca nho va vua do cac to chiic ca nhan xay dung len.

Tuy nhien, song song vdi viec tang cudng kha nang phuc vu kham chua
benh cho nhan dan, cac hoat dong cua benh vien cung thai ra mot lugng rat ldn

chdt thai gay anh hudng d^n con ngudi va moi trudng.
Nhu chung ta da biet, chat thai y te duac xem la mot trong nhung loai
chit thai nguy hai cd tac dpng true tiep den con ngudi va moi trudng n^^u
khong duac kiem soat, quan ly va xu ly tot. VI vay, viec kiem soat, quan ly va

xu ly chat thai y te la mot nhiem vu c8p bach cua nganh y te va cac nganh lien
quan, nham bao ve moi trudng, bao ve sue khoe cho nhan vien y te, benh nhan
va cpng dong.

Ngoai chat thai y te, nude thai benh vien la mot trong nhirng moi quan
t^m, lo ngai sau sac doi vdi cac nha quan ly moi trudng va xa hoi va chung cd
the gdy 6 nhiem moi trudng nghiem trong va nguy hiem den ddi song con
ngudi. VI vay viec nghien ciiu, tim ra giai phap cong nghe thich hop de xu ly
hieu qua nude thai benh vien dam bao cac tieu chuin cho phep khi thai ra moi
trudng da dupe ca nha moi trudng trong va ngoai nude quan tam. Do do viec

xur ly nude thai benh vien trudc khi thai vao nguon tiep nhan la mot yeu cdn
thiet yeu. Hien nay, cac nude tren the gidi va nude ta da ling dung nhieu giai
phap cong nghe khac nhau dl xu ly hieu qua va an toan nude thai benh vien,
trong.dd.thudng sii dung pho bien la cong nghe sinh hoc.

Vay d tai " Tinh toan va thiet kl he thSng xu ly nude thai ben vien
da khoa trung tam An Giang" nham thiet ke cho benh vien mot he thong xu
ly nude thai dat tieu chudn loai A theo QCVN 28 - 2010.

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Tinh toan va thi^t ke he thong xvr ly nude thai benh vien da khoa tiring him An Giang

CHUONG 2
LtrOC KHAO TAI LIEU
2.1.Vi trf dia ly

-Huang Tay BSc: giap duang Ly Thai T6 (N6i Dai)
-Huong Dong Nam: giap duang s6 2 vao khu tai dinh cu dubng Ly Thai

T6
-Huong Dong Bile: giap duong Ung Van Khiem
-Huong Tay Nam: giap duang Noi Bo
2.2.Dieu kien tu1 nhien va moi truong

2.2.1.Dieu kien ve dia ly dia chat
a)D|a hinh, dia vat
-Dia hinh trong khu vuc tuang d6i bdng phlng mat do thuc phu tuong doi
day dac phuc tap (chu yeu cay gai).
-Dia hinh trong khu vuc do tuong doi bang phang, co do doc nho.
-Vdi cac.dac diem tren, dia hinh khu do dat c^m moc duac danh gia thuoc
loai dia hinh III. (Bao cao danh gia tac dpng moi truong benh vien da khoa
trung tam An Giang, 2009).
b)Dia chat cong trinh

Dia chat: DO lieu cua bao cao ket qua khao sat dia chat tai khu dat du
dinh xay benh vien da khoa trung tam An Giang cho thay vdi do sau 60m co 8
lap dat : lap 2 la lap dat yeu co chieu day ldn, co tinh nen lun cao, kha hang
chiu tai thap, lop 6 va 7 la hai lap co trang thai tot nhat, co chiSu day tuang
dfii 6n dinh thich hop cho phuang an mong cpc va lap 8 la lap a set mau xam
nau, nua cung chi xuSt hien tai phan noc cha ba trong sau ho khoan khao sat.
(Bao cao danh gia tac dong moi trudng benh vien da khoa trung tam An
Giang, 2009).
2.2.2.Dieu kien khi tuong - thuy van

Dieu kien khi tuong - thuy van ciia Tp. Long Xuyen dugc dat chung
trong dieukien khi tugng - thuy van cua tinh An Giang.
a) Dieu kien khi tuong
-Khi hau nhiet ddi gio mua, nong km quanh nam rit thich hop cho viec
phat trien cay trong.

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Tinh toan va thiet ke he thong xu ly nude thai behh vien da khoa trung tam An Giang

-Khu vtrc du kien xay dung du an nam trong vimg khi hau nhiet ddi gio
mua co hai mua mua nang ro ret. Mua mua tu thang 5 den thang 11. Mua kho

tu thang 12 dSn thang 4.

b) Nhiet do khong khi
-Nhiet dp khong khi thay doi theo mua trong nam (2 mua ro ret), mua
mua nhiet dp co xu hudng tang cao hem, tuy nhien su chenh lech giua cac
thang trong nam la khong ldn.

-Nhiet dp khong khi anh hudng true tiep den qua trinh phat tan cac chat 6
nhiem trong khi quyen. Nhiet dp khong khi cang cao thi toe dp phan huy va
chuyen hoa cac chat 6 nhiem cang ldn. Ngoai ra, nhiet dp khong khi cung la
ydu to quan trong tac dpng d8n siic khde cong nhan trong qua trinh lao dpng...
Vi vay, trong qua trinh tinh toan du bao 6 nhiem khdng khi va thiet ke cac he
thong khong che 6 nhiem, can phan tich cac yeu to nhiet dp!
-Diln bien nhiet dp khong khi trong vung nhu: nhiet dp trung binh trong
nam la 27 •^• 29C, thang ndng nhat thudng la thang 4, nhiet dp trung binh
thang la 29,5C.
Bang 2.1. Su thay doi nhiet do khong khi trung binh qua cac nam fC)
Thcri gian

2005

2006

2007

Thang 1

25,4

26,5

26,4

Thang 2

26,8

37,3

26,0

Thang 3

27,9

28,0

27,9

Thang 4

29,6

29,0

29,5

Thang 5

29,1

28,7

28,3

Thang 6

28,5

28,4

28,3

Thang 7

27,4

27,6

27,4

Thang 8

28,2

27,6

27,6

Thang 9

27,8

27,7

28,0

Thang 10

28,0

27,8

27,4

SVTT: Pham Hong Nhung


Tinh toan va thiet ke he thong xu ly mipc thai benh vien da khoa trung tam An Giang

Thing" U
' TMng 12
Tnmg birth ca nam

27,5

28,7

26,5

26,0

26,9

26,7

27,6

28,6

27,5

(Nguon: Nien gidm thong ke An Giang, 2007)

c) Do am khong khi
-Dp m trung birth hang nam kha cao khoang 81%.
-Dp Im trung birth mua kho (thing 4): 70 - 76%.

-Dp im khong khi ion nhit (thing 10): 82 - 84%.
Dp im khong khi la yiu to anh huong len qui trinh chuyen hoa cic chat
6 nhi&n cung nhir la yeu to vi khi hau anil huong den siic khoe cong nhan lao
dong..

Bang 2.2. Do dm trung binh cdc thdng trong nam (%)
Thoigian-

2005

2006 .

2007

Thing 1

78,0

80,0

78,0

Thing 2

80,0

79,0

80,0

Thing 3

73,0

79,0

82,0

Thing 4

74,0

7,0

76,0

80,0

81,0

84,0

Thing 6 •

84,0

84,0

85,0

Thing 7

85,0

85,0

85,0

Thing 8

81,0

82,0

83,0

Thing 9

84,0

84,0

82,0

Thing 10

83,0

82,0

84,0

• Thing 11

82,0

77,0

78,0

Thing 12

77,0

76,0

78,0

Thing 5

SVTT: Pham Hong Nhung

.


Tinh toan va tliiSt kS he th6ng xu ly nude thai benh vien ^a khoa trung tam An Giang

Trung binh ca nam

80,0

80,6

81,2

(Nguon: Nien giam thong ke tinh An Giang, 2007)
d) Bi^e xa mat troi (anh sang)
S6 gib chi^u sang va biic xa mat trbi dat cao nhat la giai doan gin cuoi
mua kho. S6 gia chilu sang trung binh cao nhlt vao cac thang 3, thang 4 va
thap nhlt vao tir thang 3 den thang 10 cua cac nam.
Bang 2.3. So gia ndng cac thang trong nam (gia)

Thoigian

- 2005

2006%'

2007

Thang 1

238,5

217,7

191,4

Thang 2

221,8

208,8

239,0

Thang 3

215,6

208,4

202,1

Thang 4

206,9

202,8

17.0,1

Thang5

207,6

291,1

172,5

Thang 6

190,1

171,2

185,5

Thang7

141,3

123,8

106,1

Thang8

169,9

127,5

136,8

Thang9

144,2

153,6

162,4

Thang 10

184,8

178,6

181,4

Thang 41

168,5

228,2

178,7

Thang 12

152,3

234,2

199,4

Ca nam

2.241,5

2.345,9

2.125,4

(Ngudn: Nien gidm thdng ke tinh An Giang, 2007)
e) Mira
Mua co tac dung thanh lpc va pha loang nude thai, luong mua cang ldn
thi muc dp 6 nhiem khong khi va nude thai cang giam. Mua cuon theo cac
SVTT: Pham H6ng Nhung5


Tinh toati va thi^t kg he thdng xu ly nude thai berth vien da khoa trung tarn An Giang

chat 6 nhiSm rai vai tu mat dit xudng cac nguctn nude. Mua cd tac dung lam
sach khong khi, ddng thai anh hudng true tiep dSn he thdng xu ly nude thai
trong khu vuc trang tam.

Che do mua trong khu vuc hang nam phan bo theo 2 mua ro ret:
-Mua mua bat d^u tu thang 5 d8n thang 11, so ngay mua chiem 86% va

lugng mua chidm tu 90% - 93% tdng lupng mua hang nam.
-Mua kho tir thang 12 ddn thang 5 nam sau. Luong mua chiem tir 7- 10%
tong lugng mua trong nam.

Bang 2.4. Luang mica cac thang trong nam (mm)

ThM gian

2005

2006

Thang 1

-

13,9

Thang2

-

3,6

23,9

Thang 3

0,1

5,9

18,9

Thang4

-

97,3

21,2

Thang 5

75,4

102,3

141,9

Thang6

117,1

112,7

169,6

Thang7

240,0

96,4

308,7

Thang8

21,8

234,7

218,4

Thang9

209,3

145,1

156,8

Thang 10

341,2

239,7

362,8

Thang 11

388,6

16,6

62,4

Thang 12

1231,6

22,6

3,0

Ca nam

1.615,1

1.085,8

1.493,0

2007
5,4

''•

•

(Nguon: Nien gidm thong Ice tinh An Giang, 2007)

f) T6c do gio trung binh

SVTT: Pham Hong Nhung


Tfnh toan va thiet kg he thong xii ly nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tarn An Giang

Gib la ydu td (long vai trb quan trpng nhat trong .viec Ian tray en chat 6
nhilm kliong khi. Toe do gio cang ldn thi chat 6 nhiem dugc van chuyen cang
xa ngudn gay ra 6 nhiem va ndng dp cac chat 6 nhiem cang dupe pha loang
bdi khdng khi sach. Khi toe dp gio nhd gan bang 0 hoac lang gio thi cac chat 6
nhiem se khong dupe van chuyen di xa ma tap (rung rod xudng mat dat, gay
nentinh trang 6 nhiem cao nhat tai khu vuc. Vi vay, khi danh gia miic dp 6
nhiem can quan tarn den toe dp gio.

Hang nam, a khu vuc du an chiu anh hudng ciia 2 loai gio chinli:
-Tvr thang 5 den thang 10, chiu anh hudng ciia gio Tay Nam.
-Tu thang 11 den thang 4 nam sau, chiu anh hubng cua gio mua Dong
Bic.
-Van toe gio trung binh la 2 m/s.
-Van toe gio ldn nhat la 20 m/s.
g) Che do thuy van
Thuy trieu trong cac song d Dong Bang Song Cuu Long la do tit bien
truyen vao. C) An Giang vita la tinh cd vimg chiu anh hudng chinh ciia song
trieu bidn Dong (4 huyen cii lao n^m giua song Tien va song Hau) lai vira cd
vimg chiu anh hudng.tong hop ciia song tri6u bien Dong va song trieu bien
Tay (7 huyen, thi va thanh pho nam trong. hi giac Long Xuyen).

Cac dac trung cua dong trilu 61 An Giang:
-Muc nu&c dinh trieu va. chdn trieu, xet tren dudng qua trinh muc nude

gib ciia tram Long Xuyen va Chau D6c (tren song Hau), Chp Mdi va Tan
Chau (tren song f idn) thi che dp ban nhat tri^u chidm uu thS, con sd ngay co
che dp nhat trieu trong thang hau nhu khong dang ke. Cii khoang nua thang cd
3 — 5 ngay trieu cudng, sau do trieu giam dan keo dai khoang 5 — 6 ngay, tiep
do la 3 - 5 ngay trieu len, xuong rat yu gpi la ky nude kem. Cac ky con nude
d day lap lai mot each tuan hoan nhung khac nhau vb cudng dp.
-Bien do trieu, chenh lech giua trieu len va trieu xuong (bien do trieu)
thudng xap xi nhau. Trong mot nam, bien dd trieu ciia cac tram ven song cd
nhftng bien dong m^nli me. Vao miia kiet, bien dp tridu tang dan va d^it tri sd
ldn nhat vao thang 4 hoac thang 5. Tidp do miia lu vl, nude song len, bien dp
trieu giam va dat tri so nhd nhit vao thang 9 hoac thang 10.
-Thai gian trieu len va xuong d cac tr^m Tan Chau, Chau Ddc, Long
Xuyen va Chp Mdi xap xi nhau, binh quan tir 4 gib den 5 gib ddi vdi tridu len
va 7 gib den 9 gib ddi vdi tridu xudng.
SVTT: Pham Hdng Nhung7


Tfnh toan va thiit kg hf th6ng xu ly nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tarn An Giang
-T6c do truyin triiu, tren dSt An Giang, tic dp truyen trieu doc sdng Tien •
va song Hau xip xi nhau, trong mua kiet khoang 22km/gid, trong mua lu tren
dudi 19km/gid.
-Luu luang dong trieu, xet trong mot con triiu tai Tan Chau, Chau Doc,

Vam Nao thudng co hai Ian nude chay ngupc va hai Ian nude chay xuoi, song,
thai gian nude chay xuoi d ca ba tuyin do diu ldn han nhieu so vdi thai gian
nude chay nguac va cd xu th6 cang vao sau trong npi dia thi thai gian nude
chay nguac cang giam. Thudng vao dau thang 1, tai 3 mat cat tren bat dau cd

luu luohg chay nguac va tang din trong thang 2, 3 va dat tri so ldn nhat vao .
thang 4 ho^c thang 5, sau do lai giam dan va bi triet tieu trong cac thang mua
lu (Bao cao danh gia tac dong moi trudng benh vien da khoa trung tam An
Giang, 2009).
Bang 2.5. Muc nude thap nhat va cao nhat tren song Hau tai LongXuyen

Thang

Myc nude cac thang ciia cac nam"(cm)

2005"

2004

.

2006

2007

Cao

Thap

Cao

Th^p

Cao

thip

nhat

thap
nh^t

nhat

ntidt

nhat

nhit

nhat

nhat

1

146

-37

150

-50

166

-26

153

-22

2

124

-65

130

-68

159

-34

134

-70

3

117

-85

120

-73

140

-71

138

-74

4

102

-86

98

-73

118

-71

118

-75

5

114

-88

98

-97

116

-77^

141

-83

6

130

-46

118

-88

112

-73

123

-70

7

153

-24

140

-24 •

151

-60

135

-.66

8

193

56

215

195

51

197

-13

9

' 241

130

244

150

224

133

213

88

238

129

245

156

234

143

246

128

Cao

10

SVTT: Pham Hong Nhung

. 56


Tinh toan va thiet ke he th<5ng xu ly nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tarn An Giang

11

173

40

210

78

229

65

216

112

12

167

-16

179

4

178

10.

177

16

(Nguon: Trung tarn du bdo khi luctng thuy van tinh An Giang, 2007)
2.3. Quy mo kham ehua benh cua benh vien
2.3.1. Quy mo

Du an dau tu xay dung benh vien da khoa trung tarn An Giang la du an
xay dung mdi gom: tong so giudmg berth 600 giubng, 01 tang tret, 09 lau.
Trong do 550 giuang (toa nha chinh), 50 giuang (khu lay nhiem).
Bang 2.6. Phdn bo ede khoa phong, giuong benh tod nha chinh
Kltoa pitting

Tang

So giuong

Sanh chinh, quiy tiSp tan, khu kham benh ngoai
tni, khoa duac, khoa X - Quang, khu tiem truyen,

Tret

khoa kham benh theo yeu cau, khu truyen thong sue

20 giuang

khoe va kham tam soat, khoa dinh duong va bep
chinh, khoa cip ctiu (20 giuong).
Khu kham benh ngoai tni, ngan hang mau, phuc
Laul

hoi chiic nang, chan doan chtic nang, khu chay than
rihan tao, npi soi, sieu am, khu xet nghiem trung tam.

Khu phong mo, phong DSA, hau phau (22

Liu 2

52 giuang

giuang), I.C.U (30 giuang), tiep lieu thanh trung, khu
hanh chinh. -

Kho chinh, phong bao tri, nha giat, nha hang danh

Liu 3

cho nhan vien va khach vieng, hoi truang, vuan mai

va phong AHU.

Liu 4

Khu berth phong: Ngoai tong quat (46 giuang) va

80 giuang

Ung buou (34 giuang).

Liu 5

Khu benh phong: ngoai chan thuang chinh hinh
(46 giuang) va ngoai tiit nieu (34 giuang).

80 giuang

Lau 6

Khu berth phong: ngoai than kinh (40 giuang) lien

80 giuang

SVTT: Pham H6ng Nhung


Tinh toan va thiet ke he thong xu ly nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tam An Giang

chuyen khoa mat - TMH - RHM (25 giudng) va khoa
bong (15 giuang).

Liu 7

Liu 8

Khu benh phong: npi tim mach va lao khoa (60
giuang) khoa ngoai long nguc (20 giudng).
Khu benh phong: npi tong quat (42 giuang) npi tiet

80 giuang

(30 giuang), khu danh cho pham nhan (8 giuang).

Khu benh phong: npi than kinh (40 giuang) npi

Liu 9

80 giuang

80 giuang

tieu hoa (30 giuang), da lilu (5 giuang), y hoc co
truyen (5 giuang).

Ting

Bon nuac, phong may thang may, phong quat.

mai
Tong

550

cong

giuo'ng

{Nguon: Bdo cdo ddnh gid tdc dong moi truang cua Benh vien BK TTAG, 2009)

Bang 2.7. Phdn bo ede khoqphdng, giuang benh khu nhdphu
CongTrihh,

Khoa phong

Ghi chu

Sanh, tiep tan, phong kham, X-Quang,

Tret

Khu
nhiem

khu giao due tuyen truyen

Liul

Phong hop khoa, khu benh phong

12 giuang

Liu 2

Khu benh phong

18 giuang

Lau3

.Khu benh phong

20 giuang

Tong cong

50 ghrorng

(Nguon: Bdo cdo ddnh gid tdc dong moi truang cua Benh vien BK TTAG, 2009)

Cac dieu Men ha tang ky thuat: cap thoat nude va cap dien
- Nguon nude lay tir he thdng cip nude chung cua thanh pho.
SVTT: Pham Hong Nhung

10


Tinh toan va thiet ke he thong xu ly nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tam An Giang

-He thong cap dien: cap dien cho cong trinh dugc lay tir ludi dien chung
TP. Long Xuyen
2.3.2. To chiic nhan sir
-Tong so nhan vien:1.950 ngudi

-Nhan vien lam viec theo ca:1080 ngudi
-Nhan vien lam viec theo gid hanh chinh:. 870 nguoi
2.4.Phan loai nude thai benh vien da khoa trung tam An Giang
Nhdm thu 1: nude thai " ft 6 nhiem": nhdm nay bao gom toan bo lugng
nude mua roi tren mat bang khuon vien benh vien, nude thai sinh ra tit viec

giai nhiet cho may phat dien, giai nhiet cho he thong dieu hoa khong khi trung
tam trong benh vien. Loai nude thai nay theo nguyen tac cd the xa thang vao
nguon tiep nhan, khong can qua xu ly.

Nhom thii 2: toan bo lugng nude thai sinh hoat cho toan the can bo cong
nhan vien, than nhan ngudi benh.

Nhom thu 3: lugng nude thai sinh ra trong qua trinh kham va chua benh
cho benh nhan.

Vay nude thai nhom 2 va nhom 3 can phai dugc xii ly trudc khi dua vao
nguon tiep nhan.
2.5.Cac thong so cu ban cua nude thai
2.5.1. Cac chi tieu ly hoc

a) Chat ran trong nude thai
Chat ran la nhung thanh phan khong hoa tan trong nude. Chiing dugc
chia ra lam hailoai theo kich thudc cua chung:
-Chat ran cd kt'ch thudc rat nhd cd the qua lpc cd dudng kinh < 1 pm.
-Chat ran cd kich thudc > lpm .
Ve ban chat hoa hoc, chung cd the la nhung hat chat huu co, vo co, hoac

la nhung xac cua vi sinh vat nguyen sinh-dpng vat hay phieu sinh vSt.
Cac chat ran cd trong nude dugc danh gia qua nhtrng thong so eg ban
sau:

? Tong so ch^t An (TS)
Tdng sd ch^t rin trongnudc thai la thanh pMn con lai sau khi da cho
nude thai bay hoi hoan toan d nhiet dp 103 — 105C. Tong cac chat ran dugc
bilu thi bang don vi mg/L (Le Hoang Viet, 2000).
SVTT: Pham Hdng Nhung11