bai 3 quy luật gia tri cục hay ( thi gv gioi tp)




 !" #


$%&'%&
()*+,-.!/0123*4(4()*.,44!51678)*9
:;<(=>1,0*8+?,*1?@1-A1= 02 BC
;< B(D 2*6(=,0*1? B(,0
;<E,44E,4.?,F1" D 4C B78,0G@16(2
4"-678)*,(=>1,0D.7) 2*6(=,0*1?
H;<=,>1),0,47/,04!51+!" D!ID(D!=*
A-20?,47/,0+!",6(=,0*1?4,04(2D02*?
 B(,0D

J%&
;<
KL&
&

;<
J
&

;<
&M
&

;<

J%



2FN,0>I1
4!=,,- N,0A!O,
4-0?P6*Q
34A>(-2̉
P1(",*41?@1,
*1?,4,782* R
E.(R
<KL&&
9

=-B(,0,!I,4,0
4(2G@1-A1= S,4 !",(
*434("4() 6(=,0*1?
,078.?,F1" G,078P1G
,078+2, B!O, 4C B78,0R
@1-A1= 
02 BC
S4,(@1-A1= 02 BC
P82F1" 4!=,

TU6O1*(2.?,F1" G
S,4>(,4 4E*(2
@1-A1= 02 BC
TL4(O,0341) 41(=*D(
-2*4V*(,,078
1-A1= 02 BC

P,0 V,4S42*4@1,
<KL&&
9


;<J&
?,F1" DA71 4(O,04,04(234?
>7)D(-!"1 (",(@1-!" 6C,4R
&N,*72D(6O16!5+!" *22(*(202 BC48,6(O0I-
4-,078)*A)R

480,
A(6(=,0F/4(=
*I, 4!" 
R
=- 480,
A(6(=,0F/4(=
*I, 4!" A0ER


480,MF/4(=
*I, 4!" 6!54,0
4(2A 480,*I,
4!" *4(+" *72A(
6(=,0,( !",4,4
D82P(=  BE,46(= 4,4
4)( B1,0+E,4DP(= 
*78,06(= B1,0+E,4
B(,0,47/,06!I1S!=,
B1,0+E,4.(D824(,

*?,4F/4(=,4" 6C,4


(=>1,0*1?@1-A1= 02 BC678)*+!514!=,8?6O1R
B(,0
.?,
F1"
B(,0
A71
4(O,0

5 mÐt v¶i
Ng­êi thø
1
Ng­êi thø
2
Ng­êi thø
3
S¶n xuÊt
10 h
S¶n xuÊt
8 h
S¶n xuÊt
12 h
Ng­êi nµo sÏ cã l·i. V× sao ?

Giải thích
Người thứ nhất
thời gian lao
động cá biệt

bằng thời gian
lao động XH.
Vì vậy có
lãi trung bình.
Người thứ hai
thời gian lao
động cá biệt nhỏ
hơn thời gian
lao động XH.
Vì vậy có
lãi cao.
Người thứ ba
thời gian lao
động cá biệt lớn
hơn thời gian
lao động XH.
Vì vậy sẽ
bị lỗ.

!514!=,@1-A1= 02 BC
B(,0
.?,F1" 
$(= 
,0(2

1 2 3
480,A(6(=,0
F/4(=*I, 4!"
:GG480,
A(6(=,0*2+!=



B(,0
.?,F1" 
4!I1
,0(2

(5,0M&
W (5,0M&
(5,0M&
X (5,0M&
(5,0M&
Y (5,0M&
B(,0P(Z
B78,048)3*(2
6!I10EF?-BR
480,

:9[4148)3-!O1*I1*1?@1-A1= 02 BC,!O,*(2 2*
>1),00(2334I,*O,6("D(5,6C,4 4C B78,0;
934)P@1-A1= 02 BC,!O,>Z,6!",4!=,
78),0 474,04(2 B!O, 4C B78,0;
934)P@1-A1= 02 BC,!O,>Z,6!",4!=,
78),0 4!"14,04(2 B!O, 4C B78,0;

L!" A1=,
B(,0.?,F1" G@1-A1= 02 BC
-!O1*I1,078.?,F1"  7,04,04(2
4-.?,F1"  (5,04,04(234?
34148)3D82 (5,0M*I, 4!" ;



B(,0A71 4(O,09
,04(2
>7) B!O,
,04(2
480,A(6(=,0F/4(=*I, 4!" 4-
,01-!O, \*,0,002
08
08
B(6(5

Trong
l­u th«ng
Thêi gian lao ®éng
XH cÇn thiÕt cña
hµng ho¸ A
=
Thêi gian lao ®éng
XH cÇn thiÕt cña
hµng ho¸ B
§­îc trao ®æi
víi nhau

M!I16(2*(2,04QA9M*I, 4!"
6!5.?,F1" 4,04(2WM
*I, 4!" .?,F1" 4,04(2;
(2*2*4S42*9 B(6(54,04(234?
>7) 4!(,01-!O, \*,0,002;


&478,0BE,4J&J::]2*402(S4( 4V6!5P;
[^$]&JUL';
47)*4!=,9'_[U;823H#;
;(=>1,0*1?@1-A1= 02 BC
(S`ab
: 42,0.1*(,9c;bbb;bbb
2 BC9c;acb;bbb
,0*2*46O-:,NP*4d
*(2;`bb;bbbMe*4d
,0,0-,-;`bb;bbbMe*4d

R
,04(2678)* B(6(5 4!(
,01-!O, \*,0,002;
47,0 B!O, 4C B78,0G02*?
4,04(2*(,*4C1?,4478?,0
*1?*2*,4O, ("S42*6(2A
,4O, (",(R
2 BC
4,04(2
&),4
B,4
&1,0
*I1

R
4!(!P*2*
,4O, ("6(2
*(2AP

?,4478?,0
6!",02*?
S4(O,0R M&
V*?
'P.1-,04ĩ0E
D!I.86(I.1


-
2*?*1?P(= 4,04(2*(2 4!5+2,*(4(f*
4"3G,47,0+(08*1/,034?F(-@1,4
B1)*02 BC4,04(2;
<7)D=,6(=,0*1?02*?F(-@1,4 B1)*02
BC4,04(2*4V,4A*8*4!"4() 6(=,0*1?@1-
A1= 02 BC;
4=,F!2


B(,0A71 4(O,0GD!=* B(6(507/4
4,04(2D34?>7) B!O,*8.8?,(R
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