Cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ

Cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ
Có 3 dạng đề rút gọn:
*V-ing: present participle.
Chỉ rút gọn khi MĐQH ở thể chủ động:
+ Cách rút gọn:
_ Bỏ từ quan hệ.
_ Bỏ động từ “tobe” nếu có.
_ Đưa động từ chính ở MĐQH về dạng V-ing.
*V_ed/pp: past participle.
Chỉ rút gọn khi MĐQH ở thể bị động:
+ Cách rút gọn:
_Bỏ từ quan hệ
_Bỏ động từ “tobe”.
_ Đưa động từ chính ở MĐQH về dạng V.pp hoặc cột 3
*To-inf:
Công thức: S + V +….(for + Someone) + to-inf
Ex: English is an important language which we have to master.
-->E is an important language for us to master.
Reduce relative clauses to phrases
1. The man who is standing there is a clown.
2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
3. Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of
many dyes, perfumes and explosives.
4. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
5. The student don’t know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday.
6. The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of
the hieu 1812.
7. The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator.
8. All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.
9. All students don’t hand in their papers will fail in the exam.
10. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.

11. The street which leads to the school is very wide.
12. The system which is used here is very successful.
13. Mr.John, who teaches my son, is my neighbour.
14. Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London.
15. The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.
16. We are driving on the road which was built in 1980.
17. Customers who complain about the service should see the manager.
18. The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.
19. My brother, who met you yesterday, works for a big firm.
20. The vegetable which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.
KEYS
1. The man standing there is a clown.
2. The envelop lies on the table has no stamp on it.
3. Benzene, discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many
dyes, perfumes and explosives.
4. My grandmother, being old and sick, never goes out of the house.
5. The student don’t know how to do exercise given by the teacher yesterday.
6. The diagrams made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of the
hieu 1812.
7. The gentleman living next door to me is a well-known orator.
8. All the astronauts orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.
9. All students not handing in their papers will fail in the exam.
10. I saw many houses destroyed by the storm.
11. The street leading to the school is very wide.
12. The system used here is very successful.
13. Mr.John, teacheing my son, is my neighbour.
14. Trains leaving from this station take an hour to get to London.
15. The candidates sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.
16. We are driving on the road built in 1980.
17. Customers complaining about the service should see the manager.

18. The city destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.
19. My brother, meeting you yesterday, works for a big firm.
20. The vegetable sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.
- Trong mệnh đề quan hệ có động từ là các dạng của "to be" thì bỏ to be và đại từ quan hệ
- Trong mệnh đề quan hệ có động từ ko phải là các dạng của to be thì đổi động từ chính sang
dạng V-ing và bỏ đại từ quan hệ
Vd:
Bill Clinton, (who is) the President of the US, is from Arkansas. ( sau to be là 1 danh từ )
Clothes (which are) wet from the rain can be hung here ( sau to be là tính từ )
People (who are) from Iowa are especially nice ( sau to be là giới từ )
The money (which/that was) lying on the table ... or
The money which/that lay on the table ...
= The money lying on the table was mine.
The money (that had been) placed on the table was mine
* Ngoài ra còn 1 số trường hợp riêng khác như
*To-inf:
Công thức: S + V +….(for + Someone) + to-inf
Ex: English is an important language which we have to master.
-->E is an important language for us to master.
-Nếu động từ chính trong mệnh đề quan hệ là have thì thay nó bằng with và bỏ đại từ quan
hệ
A man who has a lot of money isn't necessarily happy.
= A man with a lot of money isn't necessarily happy.
- ... some children, 3 of whom were crying, came ...
=>some children, 3 of them crying, came ...
=>some children, 3 crying, came ...
( Câu này rút gọn đc vì " 3" làm chủ ngữ cho hành động " cry"
-The plane carries a raft that is made of rubber
=>The plane carries a rubber raft.